A light-trapping device and method for catching marine cephalopods

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of marine fishing technology, and discloses a device and method for catching marine cephalopods based on light-attracting. The device includes a light source system, a behavior monitoring system, a fishing apparatus, and a main frame. The light source system uses a sensor array to monitor seawater transparency, current velocity, and light intensity in real time, and obtains initial light parameters based on real-time sensor data. These initial light parameters are then optimized by combining historical fishing data. Simultaneously, the behavior monitoring system monitors the phototaxis index, swimming speed, and aggregation degree of cephalopods in real time. Based on this data, the device can dynamically adjust its light-attracting strategy. In this way, the device can maintain optimal trapping effects in different sea areas and environments, significantly improving fishing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine fishing technology, specifically to a marine cephalopod fishing device and method based on light-attracting. Background Technology

[0002] Marine cephalopods (such as squid and octopus) are important marine economic organisms with high economic and nutritional value. Traditional fishing methods mainly rely on tools such as trawls and purse seines, but these methods suffer from low fishing efficiency, significant damage to the marine ecosystem, and poor target selectivity. In recent years, light-trapping technology has been gradually applied to cephalopod fishing due to its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and high selectivity.

[0003] Existing marine cephalopod fishing equipment based on light trapping mostly suffers from the following problems: 1. The light parameters are constant and cannot be adjusted in real time according to the environment in which the fishing equipment is located; 2. The light parameters cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time behavioral parameters of cephalopods, thus failing to fully utilize the advantages of light trapping technology. Therefore, this invention proposes a marine cephalopod fishing equipment and method based on light trapping. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a marine cephalopod fishing device and method based on light-attracting, thereby solving the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A marine cephalopod fishing device based on light trapping includes a light source system, a behavior monitoring system, a fishing device, and a frame body. The light source system includes a sensor array for collecting marine environmental data, and the light source system uses LED lights with adjustable wavelength, brightness, and flashing frequency as the light source to set a light trapping strategy according to the marine environment to attract different species of cephalopods.

[0007] The behavior monitoring system uses an underwater camera to monitor the behavioral characteristics of cephalopods in real time, and is used to dynamically adjust the light trapping strategy.

[0008] The fishing device adopts a flexible net structure with an adjustable opening. The net opening is equipped with a sensor to monitor the size and number of organisms inside the net in real time. When a certain number of cephalopods are detected inside the net, the device automatically triggers the shut-off mechanism.

[0009] The main frame is made of lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy and is used to support the light source system, monitoring system, and fishing device. The main frame is equipped with an electrical system to provide power to the light source system, monitoring system, and fishing device.

[0010] A method for using a light-attracting marine cephalopod harvesting device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step S1: Equipment deployment. The fishing equipment is transported to the selected fishing area and slowly placed into the sea using the deployment device on the ship. The sensor array of the light source system monitors the seawater transparency, seawater flow rate and light intensity in real time. The control module of the light source system sets the initial light-attracting strategy based on the seawater environment data.

[0012] Step S2, the trapping process: The behavior monitoring system captures cephalopod behavior through an underwater camera, then analyzes their distribution and phototaxis response, and dynamically adjusts the light trapping strategy.

[0013] Step S3, the fishing process: When a cephalopod enters the sensing range of the fishing device, the sensor installed at the opening of the net will immediately transmit a signal to the control center. The control center will adjust the size of the net opening according to the size and number of cephalopods. When the number of cephalopods in the net reaches a certain amount, the control center will issue a command to trigger the net opening closing device, or after the predetermined fishing time is completed, the control center will issue a command to trigger the net opening closing device.

[0014] Step S4, Equipment Recovery: When the predetermined fishing time is completed or the fishing net is full, the fishing equipment is recovered using the recovery device on the ship.

[0015] As a further description of the present invention, the specific process of the light source system control module setting the initial light trapping strategy based on seawater environmental data in step S1 includes:

[0016] The initial mathematical model for the light-trapping strategy is constructed as follows:

[0017] ;

[0018] In the formula, Indicates the initial light brightness. Indicates the initial light wavelength. Indicates the initial light flashing frequency. A is the standard parameter matrix. To preset the standard light brightness, To preset the standard light wavelength, To preset the standard light flashing frequency, To achieve the preset standard seawater transparency, To preset the standard seawater flow velocity, Preset standard light intensity; Indicates real-time seawater transparency. Indicates real-time seawater flow velocity. Indicates real-time light intensity. B is the weight coefficient matrix. , and These are the first weighting coefficients, representing the degree of influence of each environmental parameter on the light brightness. , and These are the second weighting coefficients, representing the degree of influence of each environmental parameter on the wavelength of the light. , and These are the third weighting coefficients, representing the degree of influence of each environmental parameter on the light flicker frequency;

[0019] The standard parameter matrix A and the weight coefficient matrix B are determined through experiments or historical data.

[0020] As a further description of the present invention, the specific process of the light source system control module setting the initial light trapping strategy based on seawater environmental data in step S1 also includes optimizing the initial light trapping strategy, the optimization including:

[0021] Obtain the historical fishing efficiency of the current environment in which the fishing equipment is located, and construct an initial mathematical model for optimizing the light-attracting strategy based on the historical fishing efficiency. The expression is:

[0022] ;

[0023] In the formula, , and These represent the weighting coefficients for the influence of historical data on light brightness, light wavelength, and light flicker frequency, respectively. , and These represent the optimized light brightness, light wavelength, and light flicker frequency, respectively, with H representing the historical fishing efficiency. This represents the historical average fishing efficiency.

[0024] As a further description of the present invention, the method for obtaining the historical fishing efficiency H is as follows: obtain the most recent fishing volume in the current environment. and fishing time The most recent catch in the current environment will be obtained. and fishing time Substitute into the formula The historical fishing efficiency H was calculated.

[0025] Historical average fishing efficiency The method for obtaining the value is as follows: obtain the total number of historical fishing times N in the current environment, and substitute the obtained total number of historical fishing times N into the formula. In the formula, Let represent the fishing efficiency of the i-th attempt, where i belongs to N.

[0026] As a further description of the present invention, the specific process of dynamically adjusting the light trapping strategy in step S2 includes:

[0027] Real-time behavioral parameters of cephalopods are obtained, including: phototaxis index P, swimming speed S, and aggregation degree X;

[0028] The dynamic adjustment coefficient is calculated based on the acquired real-time behavior parameters using the following formula: In the formula, , and These represent the weighting coefficients for the influence of phototaxis index, swimming speed, and aggregation degree on the dynamic adjustment coefficient. The system's preset standard swimming speed;

[0029] Dynamic adjustment coefficient The system compares the results with the threshold range set by the system, and determines whether the trapping strategy needs to be adjusted.

[0030] As a further description of the present invention, the process of determining whether the trapping strategy needs to be adjusted based on the comparison results includes:

[0031] When the dynamic adjustment coefficient It falls within the threshold range set by the system. The trapping strategy does not need to be adjusted;

[0032] When the dynamic adjustment coefficient Less than Or when the dynamic adjustment coefficient Greater than The trapping strategy needs to be adjusted.

[0033] As a further description of the present invention, when the dynamic adjustment coefficient Less than The dynamic adjustment strategy is as follows:

[0034] ;

[0035] When the dynamic adjustment coefficient Greater than The dynamic adjustment strategy is as follows:

[0036] ;

[0037] That is, when the dynamic adjustment coefficient Less than At that time, the initial light brightness increased The initial light wavelength is increased The initial light flicker frequency decreased ;

[0038] When the dynamic adjustment coefficient Greater than At that time, the initial light brightness decreased. The initial light wavelength decreased The initial light flicker frequency increased .

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a marine cephalopod harvesting device based on light-trapping. It can automatically adjust the wavelength, brightness, and flashing frequency of the light according to environmental parameters such as seawater transparency, seawater current velocity, and light intensity. The device includes a light source system, a behavior monitoring system, a harvesting device, and a main frame. The light source system monitors seawater transparency, seawater current velocity, and light intensity in real time through a sensor array, and obtains initial light parameters based on real-time sensor data. These initial light parameters are then optimized by combining historical harvesting data. Simultaneously, the invention uses the behavior monitoring system to monitor the phototaxis index, swimming speed, and aggregation degree of cephalopods in real time. Based on this data, the device can dynamically adjust the light-trapping strategy. In this way, the device can maintain optimal harvesting effects in different sea areas and environments, significantly improving harvesting efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a partial flowchart illustrating the usage method of the marine cephalopod fishing equipment based on light-trapping provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] A marine cephalopod fishing device based on light trapping includes a light source system, a behavior monitoring system, a fishing device, and a frame body. The light source system includes a sensor array for collecting marine environmental data, and the light source system uses LED lights with adjustable wavelength, brightness, and flashing frequency as the light source to set a light trapping strategy according to the marine environment to attract different species of cephalopods.

[0044] The behavior monitoring system uses an underwater camera to monitor the behavioral characteristics of cephalopods in real time, and is used to dynamically adjust the light trapping strategy.

[0045] The fishing device adopts a flexible net structure with an adjustable opening. A sensor is installed at the opening of the net to monitor the size and number of organisms inside the net in real time. When a certain number of cephalopods are detected inside the net, the device automatically triggers the shut-off mechanism.

[0046] The main frame is made of lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy and is used to support the light source system, monitoring system, and fishing device. The main frame is equipped with an electrical system to provide power to the light source system, monitoring system, and fishing device.

[0047] Please see Figure 1 As shown, a method for using a light-trapping marine cephalopod harvesting device includes the following steps:

[0048] Step S1: Equipment deployment. The fishing equipment is transported to the selected fishing area and slowly placed into the sea using the deployment device on the ship. The sensor array of the light source system monitors the seawater transparency, seawater flow rate and light intensity in real time. The control module of the light source system sets the initial light-attracting strategy based on the seawater environment data.

[0049] Step S2, the trapping process: The behavior monitoring system captures cephalopod behavior through an underwater camera, then analyzes their distribution and phototaxis response, and dynamically adjusts the light trapping strategy.

[0050] Step S3, the fishing process: When a cephalopod enters the sensing range of the fishing device, the sensor installed at the opening of the net will immediately transmit a signal to the control center. The control center will adjust the size of the net opening according to the size and number of cephalopods. When a certain number of cephalopods are caught in the net, the control center will issue a command to trigger the net opening closing device, or after the predetermined fishing time is completed, the control center will issue a command to trigger the net opening closing device.

[0051] Step S4, Equipment Recovery: When the predetermined fishing time is completed or the fishing net is full, the fishing equipment is recovered using the recovery device on the ship.

[0052] Through the above technical solution, this invention provides a marine cephalopod fishing device based on light-trapping. This device can automatically adjust the wavelength, brightness, and flashing frequency of the light according to environmental parameters such as seawater transparency, seawater current speed, and light intensity. The device includes a light source system, a behavior monitoring system, a fishing device, and a frame. The light source system monitors seawater transparency, seawater current speed, and light intensity in real time through a sensor array, and obtains initial light parameters based on real-time sensor data. These initial light parameters are then optimized by combining them with historical fishing data. Simultaneously, the invention uses the behavior monitoring system to monitor the phototaxis index, swimming speed, and aggregation degree of cephalopods in real time. Based on this data, the device can dynamically adjust the light-trapping strategy. In this way, the device can maintain optimal trapping effects in different sea areas and environments, significantly improving fishing efficiency.

[0053] Through the above technical solution, the marine cephalopod fishing equipment based on light-attracting of the present invention can also control and adjust the size of the net opening based on the size and number of cephalopods caught during the fishing process. When the number of cephalopods in the net reaches a certain amount, or when the predetermined fishing time is completed, the control center issues an instruction to trigger the net opening closing device.

[0054] As a further description of the present invention, the specific process of the light source system control module setting the initial light trapping strategy based on seawater environmental data in step S1 includes:

[0055] The initial mathematical model for the light-trapping strategy is constructed as follows:

[0056] ;

[0057] In the formula, Indicates the initial light brightness. Indicates the initial light wavelength. Indicates the initial light flashing frequency. A is the standard parameter matrix. To preset the standard light brightness, To preset the standard light wavelength, To preset the standard light flashing frequency, To achieve the preset standard seawater transparency, To preset the standard seawater flow velocity, Preset standard light intensity; Indicates real-time seawater transparency. Indicates real-time seawater flow velocity. Indicates real-time light intensity. B is the weight coefficient matrix. , and These are the first weighting coefficients, representing the degree of influence of each environmental parameter on the light brightness. , and These are the second weighting coefficients, representing the degree of influence of each environmental parameter on the wavelength of the light. , and These are the third weighting coefficients, representing the degree of influence of each environmental parameter on the light flicker frequency;

[0058] The standard parameter matrix A and the weight coefficient matrix B are determined through experiments or historical data.

[0059] As a further description of the present invention, the specific process of the light source system control module setting the initial light trapping strategy based on seawater environmental data in step S1 also includes optimizing the initial light trapping strategy, the optimization including:

[0060] Obtain the historical fishing efficiency of the current environment in which the fishing equipment is located, and construct an initial mathematical model for optimizing the light-attracting strategy based on the historical fishing efficiency. The expression is:

[0061] ;

[0062] In the formula, , and These represent the weighting coefficients for the influence of historical data on light brightness, light wavelength, and light flicker frequency, respectively. , and These represent the optimized light brightness, light wavelength, and light flicker frequency, respectively, with H representing the historical fishing efficiency. This represents the historical average fishing efficiency.

[0063] As a further description of the present invention, the method for obtaining the historical fishing efficiency H is as follows: obtain the most recent fishing volume in the current environment. and fishing time The most recent catch in the current environment will be obtained. and fishing time Substitute into the formula The historical fishing efficiency H was calculated.

[0064] Historical average fishing efficiency The method for obtaining the value is as follows: obtain the total number of historical fishing times N in the current environment, and substitute the obtained total number of historical fishing times N into the formula. In the formula, Let represent the fishing efficiency of the i-th attempt, where i belongs to N.

[0065] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a method for specifying an initial light trapping strategy based on seawater environmental data. First, real-time seawater transparency, seawater flow velocity, and light intensity are obtained. Then, the initial light brightness, initial light wavelength, and initial light flashing frequency are set by obtaining the corresponding mathematical models of the light trapping strategy. The higher the seawater transparency T, the lower the brightness L, at which point the light travels farther in the water. The faster the seawater flow velocity V, the higher the brightness L, to enhance the attraction to cephalopods. The higher the light intensity I, the lower the brightness L, to avoid competition with ambient light.

[0066] The higher the seawater transparency (T), the lower the wavelength (C), allowing short-wavelength light to travel further in the water. The faster the seawater current (V), the higher the wavelength (C), thus enhancing its attraction to cephalopods. The higher the light intensity (I), the lower the brightness (L), to avoid competing with ambient light.

[0067] The higher the transparency (T) of seawater, the higher the scintillation frequency. f The lower the frequency, the farther the light travels; low-frequency flickering is sufficient to attract cephalopods. The faster the seawater current V, the higher the flickering frequency. f The higher the light intensity (I), the more attractive it is to cephalopods, and the higher the flicker frequency (I). f The higher the value, the better, to avoid competition with ambient light.

[0068] Through the above technical solution, the present invention also optimizes the trapping strategy based on historical fishing data. The fishing efficiency is calculated by the ratio between the catch amount and the fishing time. Then, the average fishing efficiency is obtained by acquiring the historical fishing efficiency for each time. Finally, the initial light trapping strategy optimization mathematical model is calculated based on the fishing efficiency and the historical fishing efficiency.

[0069] As a further description of the present invention, the specific process of dynamically adjusting the light trapping strategy in step S2 includes:

[0070] Real-time behavioral parameters of cephalopods are obtained, including: phototaxis index P, swimming speed S, and aggregation degree X;

[0071] The dynamic adjustment coefficient is calculated based on the acquired real-time behavior parameters using the following formula: In the formula, , and These represent the weighting coefficients for the influence of phototaxis index, swimming speed, and aggregation degree on the dynamic adjustment coefficient. The system's preset standard swimming speed;

[0072] Dynamic adjustment coefficient The system compares the results with the threshold range set by the system, and determines whether the trapping strategy needs to be adjusted.

[0073] As a further description of the present invention, the process of determining whether the trapping strategy needs to be adjusted based on the comparison results includes:

[0074] When the dynamic adjustment coefficient It falls within the threshold range set by the system. The trapping strategy does not need to be adjusted;

[0075] When the dynamic adjustment coefficient Less than Or when the dynamic adjustment coefficient Greater than The trapping strategy needs to be adjusted.

[0076] As a further description of the present invention, when the dynamic adjustment coefficient Less than The dynamic adjustment strategy is as follows:

[0077] ;

[0078] When the dynamic adjustment coefficient Greater than The dynamic adjustment strategy is as follows:

[0079] ;

[0080] That is, when the dynamic adjustment coefficient Less than At that time, the initial light brightness increased The initial light wavelength is increased The initial light flicker frequency decreased ;

[0081] When the dynamic adjustment coefficient Greater than At that time, the initial light brightness decreased. The initial light wavelength decreased The initial light flicker frequency increased .

[0082] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a method for dynamically adjusting a light trapping strategy based on real-time behavioral parameters of cephalopods. First, the real-time behavioral parameters of cephalopods, including the phototaxis index P, swimming speed S, and aggregation degree X, are obtained. Then, these parameters are substituted into the formula... The dynamic adjustment coefficient is calculated because the phototaxis index P and aggregation degree X are relative parameters and therefore do not need to be proportional to the standard value. Furthermore, considering the interaction between the phototaxis index P, swimming speed S, and aggregation degree X, a weighted summation is used to obtain the dynamic adjustment coefficient. .

[0083] It should be noted that all calculations in this invention are dimensionless, and the thresholds and coefficients set in this invention are all empirical data, which do not need to be elaborated further.

[0084] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for using a marine cephalopod fishing device based on light-trapping, the device comprising a light source system, a behavior monitoring system, a fishing apparatus, and a frame body, characterized in that, The light source system includes a sensor array for collecting data on the marine environment, and uses LED lights with adjustable wavelength, brightness and flashing frequency as the light source to set up a light trapping strategy according to the marine environment to attract different kinds of cephalopods. The behavior monitoring system uses an underwater camera to monitor the behavioral characteristics of cephalopods in real time, and is used to dynamically adjust the light trapping strategy. The fishing device adopts a flexible net structure with an adjustable opening. The net opening is equipped with a sensor to monitor the size and number of organisms inside the net in real time. When a certain number of cephalopods are detected inside the net, the device automatically triggers the shut-off mechanism. The main frame is made of lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy and is used to support the light source system, monitoring system, and fishing device. The main frame is equipped with an electrical system to provide power support for the light source system, monitoring system, and fishing device. The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Equipment deployment. The fishing equipment is transported to the selected fishing area and slowly placed into the sea using the deployment device on the ship. The sensor array of the light source system monitors the seawater transparency, seawater flow rate and light intensity in real time. The control module of the light source system sets the initial light-attracting strategy based on the seawater environment data. Step S2, the trapping process: The behavior monitoring system captures cephalopod behavior through an underwater camera, then analyzes their distribution and phototaxis response, and dynamically adjusts the light trapping strategy. Real-time behavioral parameters of cephalopods are obtained, including: phototaxis index P, swimming speed S, and aggregation degree X; Step S3, the fishing process: When a cephalopod enters the sensing range of the fishing device, the sensor installed at the opening of the net will immediately transmit a signal to the control center. The control center will adjust the size of the net opening according to the size and number of cephalopods. When a certain number of cephalopods are caught in the net, the control center will issue a command to trigger the net opening closing device, or after the predetermined fishing time is completed, the control center will issue a command to trigger the net opening closing device. Step S4, Equipment Recovery: When the predetermined fishing time is completed or the fishing net is full, the fishing equipment is recovered using the recovery device on the ship.

2. The method of using the marine cephalopod fishing equipment based on light-trapping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process by which the light source system control module sets the initial light trapping strategy based on seawater environmental data in step S1 includes: The initial mathematical model for the light-trapping strategy is constructed as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the initial light brightness. Indicates the initial light wavelength. Indicates the initial light flashing frequency. A is the standard parameter matrix. To preset the standard light brightness, To preset the standard light wavelength, To preset the standard light flashing frequency, To achieve the preset standard seawater transparency, To preset the standard seawater flow velocity, Preset standard light intensity; Indicates real-time seawater transparency. Indicates real-time seawater flow velocity. Indicates real-time light intensity. B is the weight coefficient matrix. , and These are the first weighting coefficients, representing the degree of influence of each environmental parameter on the light brightness. , and These are the second weighting coefficients, representing the degree of influence of each environmental parameter on the wavelength of the light. , and These are the third weighting coefficients, representing the degree of influence of each environmental parameter on the light flicker frequency; The standard parameter matrix A and the weight coefficient matrix B are determined through experiments or historical data.

3. The method of using the marine cephalopod fishing equipment based on light-trapping according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific process of the light source system control module setting the initial light trapping strategy based on seawater environmental data in step S1 also includes optimizing the initial light trapping strategy. The optimization includes: Obtain the historical fishing efficiency of the current environment in which the fishing equipment is located, and construct an initial mathematical model for optimizing the light-attracting strategy based on the historical fishing efficiency. The expression is: ； In the formula, , and These represent the weighting coefficients for the influence of historical data on light brightness, light wavelength, and light flicker frequency, respectively. , and These represent the optimized light brightness, light wavelength, and light flicker frequency, respectively, with H representing the historical fishing efficiency. This represents the historical average fishing efficiency.

4. The method of using the marine cephalopod fishing equipment based on light-trapping according to claim 3, characterized in that, The historical fishing efficiency H is obtained by obtaining the most recent catch volume in the current environment. and fishing time The most recent catch in the current environment will be obtained. and fishing time Substitute into the formula The historical fishing efficiency H was calculated. Historical average fishing efficiency The method for obtaining the value is as follows: obtain the total number of historical fishing times N in the current environment, and substitute the obtained total number of historical fishing times N into the formula. In the formula, Let represent the fishing efficiency of the i-th attempt, where i belongs to N.

5. The method of using the marine cephalopod fishing equipment based on light-trapping according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific process of dynamically adjusting the light trapping strategy in step S2 includes: The dynamic adjustment coefficient is calculated based on the acquired real-time behavior parameters using the following formula: In the formula, , and These represent the weighting coefficients for the influence of phototaxis index, swimming speed, and aggregation degree on the dynamic adjustment coefficient. The system's preset standard swimming speed; Dynamic adjustment coefficient The system compares the results with the threshold range set by the system, and determines whether the trapping strategy needs to be adjusted.

6. The method of using the marine cephalopod fishing equipment based on light-trapping according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of determining whether the trapping strategy needs to be adjusted based on the comparison results includes: When the dynamic adjustment coefficient It falls within the threshold range set by the system. The trapping strategy does not need to be adjusted; When the dynamic adjustment coefficient Less than Or when the dynamic adjustment coefficient Greater than The trapping strategy needs to be adjusted.

7. The method of using the marine cephalopod fishing equipment based on light-trapping according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the dynamic adjustment coefficient Less than The dynamic adjustment strategy is as follows: ； When the dynamic adjustment coefficient Greater than The dynamic adjustment strategy is as follows: ； That is, when the dynamic adjustment coefficient Less than At that time, the initial light brightness increased The initial light wavelength is increased The initial light flicker frequency decreased ; When the dynamic adjustment coefficient Greater than At that time, the initial light brightness decreased. The initial light wavelength decreased The initial light flicker frequency increased .

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