Rapid sample changing device for mechanical test in high-pressure and low-temperature environment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature equipment and measurement, and provides a rapid sample changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environment mechanical testing, which comprises a loading rod, a first end is used for applying a loading force, and a second end of the loading rod is detachably connected with a sample; the first end of the reverser is connected with the loading rod, and the second end of the reverser is connected with the other end of the sample; the loading rod penetrates through the air cavity, and the top of the air cavity is in dynamic sealing connection with the loading rod; and the test cavity is communicated with the air cavity, and the second end of the loading rod extends into the test cavity. According to the rapid sample changing device for the mechanical test in the high-pressure and low-temperature environment, when a sample needs to be changed, only the loading rod needs to be wholly upwards lifted until the reverser is higher than the air cavity, the sample is disassembled and replaced, and then the loading rod is wholly put down to the top of the air cavity to be hermetically connected with the loading rod, so that the sample changing is completed, the sample changing efficiency is improved, and the operation is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of cryogenic equipment and measurement technology, and particularly relates to a rapid sample-changing device for mechanical testing in a high-pressure cryogenic environment. Background Art

[0002] In industry, it is often necessary to pressurize gases for storage and transportation. Taking hydrogen as an example, with the continuous development of hydrogen energy technology, hydrogen, as a clean energy source, has been widely used in fields such as energy, transportation, and aerospace. The influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of materials in a high-pressure cryogenic environment is one of the key factors restricting the design and application of related equipment. For example, in the development process of large-scale underground hydrogen storage and hydrogen refueling station-related equipment, it is necessary to study the mechanical properties of materials in a high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen environment to ensure their safety and reliability.

[0003] In the prior art, when changing samples in a high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen environment, there are problems such as low sample-changing efficiency and complex operation in mechanical testing devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a rapid sample-changing device for mechanical testing in a high-pressure cryogenic environment, which is used to solve the defects of low sample-changing efficiency and complex operation in the prior art and achieve the improvement of sample-changing efficiency.

[0005] The present invention provides a rapid sample-changing device for mechanical testing in a high-pressure cryogenic environment, comprising: A loading rod, the first end of which is used to apply a loading force, and the second end of the loading rod is detachably connected with a specimen; A reverser, the first end of which is connected with the loading rod, and the second end of the reverser is connected with the other end of the specimen; An air cavity through which the loading rod passes, and the top of the air cavity is in dynamic sealing connection with the loading rod; A test cavity communicated with the air cavity, and the second end of the loading rod extends into the interior of the test cavity.

[0006] According to the rapid sample-changing device for mechanical testing in a high-pressure cryogenic environment provided by the present invention, the test cavity comprises: A vacuum cover, sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the air cavity, the vacuum cover is used to connect a vacuum chamber, and a vacuum extraction port is arranged on the vacuum cover; A high-pressure autoclave cover, arranged on the outer periphery of the bottom of the air cavity, and the high-pressure autoclave cover is used to connect a high-pressure autoclave; and the air cavity is communicated with the high-pressure autoclave, and the high-pressure autoclave is located inside the vacuum chamber.

[0007] According to the rapid sample-changing device for mechanical testing in a high-pressure cryogenic environment provided by the present invention, it further comprises: The sealing flange is arranged at the top of the air cavity, and the sealing flange is sealed by a dynamic sealing assembly.

[0008] According to a rapid sample changing device for mechanical testing in a high-pressure and low-temperature environment provided by the present invention, an aviation plug base is provided on the sealing flange, and the aviation plug base is used to connect a heating resistor and a thermometer for temperature control.

[0009] A rapid sample changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environment mechanical testing provided by the present invention also includes: a first clamp, a first end of the first clamp being connected to the second end of the loading rod; a second clamp, a first end of the second clamp being connected to a second end of the reverser; The second end of the first clamp and the second end of the second clamp jointly clamp the sample.

[0010] According to a rapid sample changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environment mechanical testing provided by the present invention, the reverser comprises: A reverser upper seat connected to the loading rod; A plurality of reverser connecting rods, one end of each of the reverser connecting rods being connected to the reverser upper seat; The reverser base is connected to the other end of the reverser connecting rod; and the reverser base is connected to the first end of the second clamp; the first clamp and the second clamp are located in a space surrounded by a plurality of the reverser connecting rods.

[0011] A rapid sample changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environment mechanical testing provided by the present invention also includes: The air cavity upper flange is sealed and connected to the sealing flange; The air cavity lower flange is sealed and connected to the vacuum cover.

[0012] A rapid sample changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environment mechanical testing provided by the present invention also includes: A stretch rod flange, through which the loading rod passes, and the stretch rod flange is used to connect to a mechanical testing machine; The connecting rod is arranged on the side of the stretching rod flange facing away from the mechanical testing machine.

[0013] According to a rapid sample changing device for mechanical testing in a high-pressure and low-temperature environment provided by the present invention, the loading rod, the sealing flange, the reverser upper seat, the reverser base, the first clamp, the second clamp, the sample, the vacuum cover, the air cavity, the air cavity upper flange and the air cavity lower flange are all coaxially arranged.

[0014] A rapid sample-changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environmental mechanical testing according to the present invention further includes a sleeve located at the bottom of the sealing flange, and the sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the loading rod, and the bottom end of the sleeve extends to the upper seat of the reverser.

[0015] For the rapid sample-changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environmental mechanical testing provided by the present invention, the first end of the loading rod is used to apply a loading force, the second end is detachably connected with a sample, the first end of the reverser is connected with the loading rod, and the second end of the reverser is connected with the other end of the sample. By adopting the reverser, the installation problem between the device and the mechanical testing machine is solved. The air chamber allows the loading rod to pass through, and the top of the air chamber is movably sealed with the loading rod. The test chamber is communicated with the air chamber, and the second end of the loading rod extends into the interior of the test chamber. When sample changing is required, only the loading rod needs to be lifted upward as a whole until the reverser is higher than the air chamber, the sample is removed and replaced, and then the loading rod is lowered as a whole until the top of the air chamber is sealed with the loading rod, thus completing the sample change, improving the sample-changing efficiency and having simple operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic overall structure diagram of the rapid sample-changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environmental mechanical testing provided by the present invention before sample changing.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic overall structure diagram of the rapid sample-changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environmental mechanical testing during sample changing.

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic top view of the rapid sample-changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environmental mechanical testing provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 is Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view taken along the A-A direction in

[0021] REFERENCE MARKS: 1. Loading rod; 2. Sample; 3. Reverser; 31. Upper seat of the reverser; 32. Connecting rod of the reverser; 33. Base of the reverser; 4. Air chamber; 5. Test chamber; 51. Vacuum cover; 52. High-pressure autoclave cover; 6. Sealing flange; 7. Base of the aviation plug; 8. First fixture; 9. Second fixture; 10. Upper flange of the air chamber; 11. Lower flange of the air chamber; 12. Flange of the tensile rod; 13. Connecting rod; 14. Sleeve. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] The following combines Figures 1-4 to describe a rapid sample-changing device for mechanical testing in a high-pressure and low-temperature environment of the present invention.

[0025] As Figure 1 shown, the rapid sample-changing device for mechanical testing in a high-pressure and low-temperature environment provided by the embodiments of the present invention includes a loading rod 1, a reverser 3, an air chamber 4, and a test chamber 5.

[0026] The first end of the loading rod 1 can be connected to a force loading device for applying a loading force, and the second end of the loading rod 1 is detachably connected with a specimen 2, where the specimen 2 is usually a test material that needs to be subjected to mechanical testing. The first end of the reverser 3 is connected to the loading rod 1, and the second end of the reverser 3 is connected to the other end of the specimen 2; through the setting of the reverser 3, the reverse of the force can be realized during the loading process, greatly enriching the scenarios and means of mechanical testing and ensuring the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the test results.

[0027] The inside of the air chamber 4 is hollow, allowing the loading rod 1 to penetrate from one end of the air chamber 4 to the other end and extend outwards, and the top of the air chamber 4 is in dynamic sealing connection with the loading rod 1. In this way, even when the loading rod 1 fully applies the loading force, the air chamber 4 can still maintain a good sealing state tightly, effectively avoiding the leakage of internal gas and ensuring the stability and reliability of the test environment.

[0028] The test chamber 5 is connected to the gas chamber 4. The test chamber 5 is used to provide a high-pressure and low-temperature environment required for the test. The second end of the loading rod 1 extends into the interior of the test chamber 5, enabling the specimen to be in a high-pressure and low-temperature environment. By applying a loading force through the loading rod 8, mechanical tests can be carried out on the experiment. At this time, when a loading force is applied through the loading rod 1, a comprehensive mechanical test can be carried out on the specimen 2, providing strong support for studying the mechanical properties of materials in extreme environments.

[0029] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, when a sample needs to be replaced, the operation is extremely simple. Only need to lift the entire loading rod 1 upward until the reverser 3 is higher than the gas chamber 4, and the specimen 2 can be easily removed and replaced. Subsequently, lower the entire loading rod 1 until the top of the gas chamber 4 is re-sealed with the loading rod 1, and thus the sample replacement operation is efficiently completed. This sample replacement method, compared with the traditional method, significantly improves the sample replacement efficiency, greatly simplifies the operation process, significantly shortens the test cycle, saves a large amount of time and energy, and strongly promotes the efficient development of mechanical tests in high-pressure and low-temperature environments.

[0030] In some feasible embodiments of the present invention, the test chamber 5 includes a vacuum chamber (not shown in the figure), a vacuum chamber cover 51, an autoclave (not shown in the figure), and an autoclave cover 52. The vacuum chamber cover 51 is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the gas chamber 4. The vacuum chamber cover 51 is used to connect the vacuum chamber, and a vacuum extraction port 511 is provided on the vacuum chamber cover 51. Through the vacuum extraction port 511, the air in the vacuum chamber can be quickly pumped out to create an almost vacuum environment. In mechanical tests in a high-pressure and low-temperature environment, a low-pressure vacuum environment can effectively eliminate interference factors such as impurities and water vapor in the air. For example, when testing the test materials of high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, it avoids the influence of chemical reactions or water vapor adsorption on the material surface with air components on the accuracy of test results, ensuring that the test is carried out in a pure extreme physical environment, and improving the reliability and scientific nature of test data.

[0031] Furthermore, the vacuum chamber cover 51 and the vacuum chamber can be connected by bolts to achieve an internal vacuum environment, further achieving heat preservation. When performing tests at low temperatures, the cooling capacity can be provided by a refrigerator.

[0032] The autoclave cover 52 is arranged on the outer periphery of the bottom of the gas chamber 4, and the autoclave cover 52 is used to connect the autoclave; and the gas chamber 4 is connected to the autoclave, so that the high-pressure environment in the autoclave can be stably transmitted into the test chamber 5 and act on the specimen 2, ensuring that during the test process, the specimen 2 can continuously withstand precise and stable high-pressure conditions. Taking the simulation of the high-pressure scenario that a hydrogen storage tank bears in actual operation as an example, a stable high-pressure environment can make the test results more conform to the actual use situation, provide accurate data for the performance evaluation of materials under high-pressure conditions, help to deeply understand the mechanical characteristics of materials under high pressure, and thus optimize the material design and process.

[0033] Among them, the autoclave is located inside the vacuum hood, and the two are sleeved. In addition, a press is provided inside the autoclave to monitor the pressure inside the autoclave. The autoclave cover 52 and the autoclave can be fixedly connected by bolts and sealed at low temperatures through a knife-edge flange.

[0034] In some feasible embodiments of the present invention, a sealing flange 6 is further included. The sealing flange 6 is arranged at the top of the air chamber 4, and the sealing flange 6 is sealed through a high-pressure dynamic sealing assembly. The coordinated work of the sealing flange 6 and the high-pressure dynamic sealing assembly constructs a very reliable sealing structure. In the high-pressure and low-temperature environmental mechanics test, an accurate and stable high-pressure state needs to be maintained inside the test chamber 5. As a key sealing component at the top of the air chamber 4, the sealing flange 6 closely cooperates with the adapted high-pressure dynamic sealing assembly, can effectively resist the pressure difference in the high-pressure environment, and prevent gas leakage. During the reciprocating movement of the loading rod 1, it can maintain good sealing performance and will not cause too much obstruction to the movement of the loading rod 1, ensuring the smooth transmission and accurate application of the loading force.

[0035] In some feasible embodiments of the present invention, a D-sub base 7 is arranged on the sealing flange 6. The D-sub base 7 is used to connect the heating resistor and the thermometer for temperature control. The thermometer is connected to the test environment through the D-sub base 7 and can measure the temperature inside the test chamber 5 in real time and accurately. In the high-pressure and low-temperature environmental mechanics test, temperature is a key influencing factor, and even a small temperature fluctuation may have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the material. After the heating resistor is connected to the D-sub base 7, accurate temperature adjustment can be performed according to the temperature data measured by the thermometer. When the temperature inside the test chamber 5 is too low, the heating resistor can work to raise the temperature; when the temperature is too high, the heating power can be reduced or other cooling measures can be taken.

[0036] In some feasible embodiments of the present invention, a first fixture 8 and a second fixture 9 are further included. The first end of the first fixture 8 is connected to the second end of the loading rod 1; the first end of the second fixture 9 is connected to the second end of the reverser 3; and the second ends of the first fixture 8 and the second fixture 9 jointly clamp the specimen 2, capable of providing stable and balanced clamping forces from both sides.

[0037] When it is necessary to replace the specimen 2, after the test is stopped, the high-pressure hydrogen needs to be discharged and the temperature needs to be restored before changing the sample, so as to avoid explosion caused by hydrogen leakage and the entry and condensation of water vapor in the air into the test chamber. Since the first fixture 8 and the second fixture 9 are respectively connected to the loading rod 1 and the reverser 3, only the loading rod 1 needs to be lifted as a whole to make the reverser 3 higher than the air chamber 4. In this state, the fixture can be conveniently opened, the old specimen 2 can be removed and a new specimen 2 can be replaced, and then the loading rod 1 can be lowered to restore to the test state. This design greatly simplifies the sample-changing process and eliminates the need for complex operations inside the high-pressure and low-temperature environment, which not only improves the sample-changing efficiency but also reduces the operation risks of the operators in the extreme environment.

[0038] In addition, the first fixture 8 and the second fixture 9 can be flexibly adjusted and replaced according to the specific characteristics of the specimen 2.

[0039] In some feasible embodiments of the present invention, the reverser 3 includes a reverser upper seat 31, a reverser base 33, and multiple reverser connecting rods 32. The reverser upper seat 31 is connected to the loading rod 1, and the loading rod 1 transmits the force to the reverser upper seat 31. One end of each reverser connecting rod 32 is connected to the reverser upper seat 31, and the reverser base 33 is connected to the other end of the reverser connecting rod 32. And the reverser base 33 is connected to the first end of the second fixture 9. The loading force is conducted to the reverser base 33 through multiple reverser link rods 32 and finally transmitted to the second fixture 9.

[0040] The multiple reverser connecting rods 32 are evenly distributed, which can evenly disperse the loading force and avoid structural damage caused by excessive local stress. Through the cooperation of the reverser upper seat 31, the reverser connecting rods 32, and the reverser base 33, the reversal of the loading force is realized. The first fixture 8 and the second fixture 9 are located in the space surrounded by the multiple reverser connecting rods 32. When it is necessary to adjust the first fixture 8 and the second fixture 9 or replace the specimen 2, the operation space is relatively open, which is convenient for operation and improves work efficiency.

[0041] In some feasible embodiments of the present invention, an upper flange 10 and a lower flange 11 of the air cavity are also included. The upper flange 10 of the air cavity is sealed with the sealing flange 6; the lower flange 11 of the air cavity is sealed with the vacuum cover 51. In the mechanical test of the high-pressure and low-temperature environment, the test chamber 5 needs to maintain stable high pressure and precise low temperature conditions. Any small leakage may destroy the test environment and cause inaccurate test results. This multi-stage sealing design greatly enhances the sealing between the air cavity 4 and the external environment. The upper flange 10 of the air cavity and the lower flange 11 of the air cavity are connected to the sealing flange 6 and the vacuum cover 51 respectively, and play a role in firmly supporting and connecting the air cavity 4 from the upper and lower ends. During the operation of the device, when the loading rod 1 applies the loading force, a certain vibration and impact force will be generated, and the air cavity 4 needs to remain stable to ensure the accuracy of the test. The existence of the upper flange 10 of the air cavity and the lower flange 11 of the air cavity makes the connection between the air cavity 4 and the surrounding components more firmly, which can effectively resist these external forces, prevent the displacement, shaking and other unstable conditions of the air cavity 4, and ensure the structural stability of the entire test device during operation.

[0042] In some feasible embodiments of the present invention, a stretching rod flange 12 and a connecting rod 13 are further included. The stretching rod flange 12 is for the loading rod 1 to pass through, and the stretching rod flange 12 is used to connect the mechanical testing machine; the connecting rod 13 is arranged on the side of the stretching rod flange 12 facing away from the mechanical testing machine. The mechanical testing machine can directly apply a loading force to the loading rod 1. At this time, the loading rod 1 needs to pass through a through hole on the stretching rod flange 12, and the loading rod 1 can move relative to the stretching rod flange 12.

[0043] In some feasible embodiments of the present invention, the loading rod 1, the sealing flange 6, the reverser upper seat 31, the reverser base 33, the first clamp 8, the second clamp 9, the sample 2, the vacuum cover 51, the air cavity 4, the air cavity upper flange 10 and the air cavity lower flange 11 are all coaxially arranged. Through the above arrangement, the force will not be deflected or dispersed during the transmission process, ensuring that the force exerted on the sample 2 is axial and uniform, which is crucial for accurately measuring the mechanical properties of the material under high pressure and low temperature environment, so that the test results can more truly reflect the mechanical properties of the material. The coaxial setting avoids additional bending stress or torsional stress caused by the non-coaxiality of the components. These additional stresses will interfere with the evaluation of the true mechanical properties of the sample 2 and may cause deviations in the test results.

[0044] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in some feasible embodiments of the present invention, it further includes a sleeve 14 located at the bottom of the sealing flange 6, and the sleeve 14 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the loading rod 1. The bottom end of the sleeve 14 extends to the upper seat 31 of the reverser. The sleeve 14 provides additional support and guidance for the loading rod 1. During the process of applying the loading force by the loading rod 1, certain shaking or offset may occur. The sleeve 14 can limit the radial displacement of the loading rod 1, enabling it to maintain stable axial movement and ensuring that the loading force can be accurately transmitted to the specimen 2.

[0045] The usage process of the rapid sample-changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environmental mechanical testing provided by the present invention is as follows: (1) Conduct tests according to the experimental procedures of the high-pressure and low-temperature environment; (2) After the test is completed and the hydrogen inside the autoclave is replaced, unscrew the bolts of the sealing flange 6 and the upper flange 10 of the gas chamber; (3) Use the lifting device to lift the entire loading rod 1 upward until the base 33 of the reverser is higher than the upper flange 10 of the gas chamber; (4) Loosen the first fixture 8 and / or the second fixture 9 to replace the specimen 2; (5) Use the lifting device to lower the entire loading rod 1 until the sealing flange 6 contacts the upper flange 10 of the gas chamber; (6) Fix the sealing flange 6 and the upper flange 10 of the gas chamber with bolts to complete the sample change.

[0046] In summary, the rapid sample-changing device for high-pressure and low-temperature environmental mechanical testing provided by the present invention uses a reverser to solve the installation problem between the device and the mechanical testing machine, couples the low-temperature and high-pressure environments, and uses a refrigerator to provide cooling capacity, which is more safe and convenient.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0048] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "mode", "specific mode", or "some modes" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or mode are included in at least one embodiment or mode of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or mode. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or modes. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or modes described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or modes.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid sample changing device for high pressure and low temperature environment mechanical testing, characterized in that: include: A loading rod (1), the first end of which is used to apply a loading force, and the second end of the loading rod (1) is detachably connected to a sample (2); A reverser (3), a first end of which is connected to the loading rod (1), and a second end of which is connected to the other end of the sample (2); An air cavity (4) for the loading rod (1) to penetrate, and a top of the air cavity (4) is dynamically sealedly connected to the loading rod (1); The test cavity (5) is communicated with the air cavity (4), and the second end of the loading rod (1) extends into the interior of the test cavity (5).

2. The rapid sample changing device for high pressure and low temperature environment mechanical testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test chamber (5) comprises: A vacuum cover (51) is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the air cavity (4); the vacuum cover (51) is used to connect to a vacuum cover, and a vacuum extraction port (511) is provided on the vacuum cover (51); The autoclave cover (52) is arranged on the outer periphery of the bottom of the air cavity (4), and the autoclave cover (52) is used to connect the autoclave; the air cavity (4) is in communication with the autoclave, and the autoclave is located in the vacuum cover.

3. The rapid sample changing device for high pressure and low temperature environment mechanical testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A sealing flange (6) is arranged at the top of the air cavity (4), and the sealing flange (6) is sealed by a dynamic sealing assembly.

4. The rapid sample changing device for high pressure and low temperature environment mechanical testing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing flange (6) is provided with an aerial plug base (7), and the aerial plug base (7) is used to connect a heating resistor and a thermometer for temperature control.

5. The rapid sample changing device for high pressure and low temperature environment mechanical testing according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: a first clamp (8), wherein a first end of the first clamp (8) is connected to a second end of the loading rod (1); a second clamp (9), wherein a first end of the second clamp (9) is connected to a second end of the reverser (3); The second end of the first clamp (8) and the second end of the second clamp (9) jointly clamp the sample (2).

6. The rapid sample changing device for high pressure and low temperature environment mechanical testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inverter (3) comprises: A reverser upper seat (31) connected to the loading rod (1); A plurality of reverser connecting rods (32), one end of each reverser connecting rod (32) being connected to the reverser upper seat (31); The reverser base (33) is connected to the other end of the reverser connecting rod (32); and the reverser base (33) is connected to the first end of the second clamp (9); the first clamp (8) and the second clamp (9) are located in a space surrounded by a plurality of the reverser connecting rods (32).

7. The rapid sample changing device for high pressure and low temperature environment mechanical testing according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: An air cavity upper flange (10) is sealingly connected to the sealing flange (6); The air cavity lower flange (11) is sealedly connected to the vacuum cover (51).

8. The rapid sample changing device for high pressure and low temperature environment mechanical testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A stretching rod flange (12) for the loading rod (1) to pass through, and the stretching rod flange (12) is used to connect to a mechanical testing machine; A connecting rod (13) is arranged on a side of the stretching rod flange (12) facing away from the mechanical testing machine.

9. The rapid sample changing device for high pressure and low temperature environment mechanical testing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The loading rod (1), the sealing flange (6), the reverser upper seat (31), the reverser base (33), the first clamp (8), the second clamp (9), the sample (2), the vacuum cover (51), the air cavity (4), the air cavity upper flange (10) and the air cavity lower flange (11) are all coaxially arranged.

10. The rapid sample changing device for high pressure and low temperature environment mechanical testing according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a sleeve (14) located at the bottom of the sealing flange (6), and the sleeve (14) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the loading rod (1), and the bottom end of the sleeve (14) extends to the reverser upper seat (31).

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