Fracturing fluid performance online detection regulation and control method and regulation and control system thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a fracturing fluid performance online detection regulation and control method and a regulation and control system thereof, relates to the technical field of fracturing fluid performance detection, can realize online detection of key performance parameters such as pH, viscosity, mineralization degree and resistance reduction rate of fracturing fluid on a fracturing construction site, transmits the key performance parameters to a control center through acquisition, automatically evaluates and judges whether the key performance parameters meet requirements or not, and improves the working efficiency of the fracturing fluid. The performance of the fracturing fluid can be remotely controlled and adjusted according to technical requirements, commanders can conveniently master the performance of the fracturing fluid in time, the timeliness is high, the accuracy is high, the fracturing construction quality and the intelligent level are effectively improved, and the problems that in the prior art, performance testing of fracturing fluid samples is poor in timeliness, low in accuracy and low in cost are solved. Real-time on-line tracking evaluation cannot be carried out, and fracturing fluid performance cannot be timely and accurately mastered and fracturing construction cannot be guided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fracturing fluid performance detection, and particularly to an on-line detection and regulation method for fracturing fluid performance and its regulation system. Background Art

[0002] Hydraulic fracturing is one of the key technologies for realizing high-efficiency development of oil and gas wells. During the fracturing construction process, high pressure formed by surface equipment is transmitted to the formation through fracturing fluid, the formation is fractured and extended to form fractures, and proppants are carried into the fractures to keep them open, forming a flow channel with a certain conductivity. Fracturing fluid is a chemical system with a certain viscosity prepared by mixing various additives in a certain proportion, which has the functions of reducing construction friction, carrying proppants, preventing swelling and assisting drainage. According to the requirements of fracturing fluid functions in different construction stages, it is mainly divided into preflush fluid, sand-carrying fluid and displacement fluid. The adjustment, change and stability of its performance are important factors affecting reservoir stimulation effect and construction quality. Especially during the stimulation of unconventional reservoirs such as shale oil and gas and tight oil and gas, the fracturing construction displacement is high, the amount of fracturing fluid used is extremely large, the construction time is long, and various types of fluids are used, so the monitoring requirements for fracturing fluid performance are getting higher and higher.

[0003] Under the existing technical conditions, it is generally required to prepare fracturing fluid samples in the laboratory for performance testing. On site, mainly relying on manual sampling in the blender truck, the basic performance parameters such as pH and viscosity of the fracturing fluid are detected by using pH test paper and a six-speed rotary viscometer. It not only has poor timeliness and low accuracy, cannot be tracked and evaluated in real time online, technicians cannot timely master the performance indexes of the fracturing fluid, nor can they make timely adjustments to the performance changes of the fracturing fluid. In addition, the detection result error of the low-viscosity slickwater fracturing fluid on site by using a six-speed rotary viscometer is very large; the existing indoor pipeline friction meter has a long pipeline, occupies a large space, and the sand-carrying fluid seriously wears the pipeline due to containing proppants. There is no relevant technology to realize the on-line detection of the drag reduction rate. The existing fracturing fluid performance detection methods have low automation and intelligence levels and cannot accurately and real-time reflect the characteristics of the fracturing fluid. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an on-line detection and regulation method for fracturing fluid performance and its regulation system, so as to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as poor timeliness and low accuracy in the performance testing of fracturing fluid samples, inability to track and evaluate in real time online, inability to timely and accurately master the fracturing fluid performance and guide the fracturing construction.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an on-line detection and regulation method for the performance of fracturing fluid. When the fracturing fluid does not contain proppant, actual well-injected samples are obtained from the construction process for on-line detection and regulation. The first rotary pump extracts additives from the additive storage tank according to the designed ratio and sends them to the sand mixer to prepare the base fluid. After mixing and stabilizing, the fluid flows through the booster equipment pipeline to the wellbore. Fracturing fluid samples are obtained in real time from the surface pipeline, and gradually flow through the pH sensor, conductivity meter, viscosity sensor, and friction resistance test unit for performance detection, and then return to the sand mixer.

[0006] When the fracturing fluid contains proppant, by automatically tracking in real time the pumping displacement of fracturing fluid additives, the displacement of the fluid injected into the well, and the construction parameters of the proppant ratio, the proportional relationship of each additive in the on-site fracturing fluid is obtained. An on-line simulated preparation of a fracturing fluid sample is carried out for performance detection, and the first rotary pump is regulated. According to the proportional relationship of the fracturing fluid prepared on-site, the first rotary pump uses its automatic control valve to extract additives from the additive storage tank, and the fracturing fluid performance detection device extracts water for liquid preparation. After flowing through the pH sensor and conductivity meter, the two are mixed in a stirrer to form a fracturing fluid sample, and then are detected by the viscosity sensor and friction resistance test unit, and then return to the sand mixer.

[0007] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an on-line detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid, including: a test pipeline, a first rotary pump, a pH sensor, a conductivity meter, a viscosity sensor, a friction resistance test unit, a data acquisition and transceiver module, and a remote control center;

[0008] The first rotary pump is connected to the test pipeline, and the first rotary pump is used to pump liquid into the test pipeline;

[0009] The pH sensor, the conductivity meter, the viscosity sensor, and the friction resistance test unit are sequentially arranged along the liquid flow direction on the test pipeline. The pH sensor is used to detect the acidity and alkalinity of the liquid, the conductivity meter is used to detect the salinity of the liquid, the viscosity sensor is used to detect the viscosity of the liquid, and the friction resistance test unit is used to detect the drag reduction performance of the fluid;

[0010] The pH sensor, the conductivity meter, the viscosity sensor, and the friction resistance test unit are all electrically connected to the data acquisition and transceiver module. The data acquisition and transceiver module is used to transmit the data detected by the pH sensor, the conductivity meter, the viscosity sensor, and the friction resistance test unit to the remote control center. The remote control center controls the operation of the first rotary pump according to the data information.

[0011] In an optional embodiment,

[0012] The on-line detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid further includes an additive storage tank;

[0013] The additive storage tank is connected to the first rotary pump, and the first rotary pump transports the liquid in the additive storage tank into the test pipeline according to the control of the remote control center.

[0014] In an alternative embodiment,

[0015] The online detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid further includes a sand mixer truck;

[0016] The sand mixer truck is connected to the outlet end of the first rotary pump.

[0017] In an alternative embodiment,

[0018] The online detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid further includes a gear pump;

[0019] The gear pump is arranged on the test pipeline between the sand mixer truck and the pH value sensor, and a first flowmeter is arranged at the outlet end of the gear pump.

[0020] In an alternative embodiment,

[0021] The online detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid further includes a stirrer;

[0022] The stirrer is arranged on one side of the conductivity meter along the liquid flow direction.

[0023] In an alternative embodiment,

[0024] The online detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid further includes a second rotary pump;

[0025] The second rotary pump is arranged on one side of the stirrer along the liquid flow direction, and a third flowmeter is arranged at the outlet end of the second rotary pump.

[0026] In an alternative embodiment,

[0027] The fluid flowing out through the third flowmeter flows into the sand mixer truck through two pipelines. A throttle valve and the viscosity sensor are sequentially arranged on one pipeline, and the friction resistance test unit is arranged on the other pipeline.

[0028] In an alternative embodiment,

[0029] The outlet end of the first rotary pump is divided into two paths. One pipeline is communicated with the sand mixer truck, and the other pipeline is communicated with the stirrer.

[0030] In an alternative embodiment,

[0031] An automatic throttle valve and a second flowmeter are sequentially arranged on the pipeline between the first rotor pump and the stirrer along the liquid flow direction; a liquid storage tank is arranged between the sand mixing truck and the gear pump.

[0032] The on-line detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid provided by the present invention can on-line detect key performance parameters such as the pH value, viscosity, salinity, and drag reduction rate of fracturing fluid at the fracturing construction site, collect and transmit them to the control center, automatically evaluate and judge whether the requirements are met, and can remotely control and adjust the performance of fracturing fluid according to technical requirements, facilitating the commanders to timely master the performance of fracturing fluid, with strong timeliness and high accuracy, effectively improving the quality and intelligent level of fracturing construction, and solving the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as poor timeliness and low accuracy in the performance test of fracturing fluid samples, inability to track and evaluate in real time on-line, inability to timely and accurately master the performance of fracturing fluid and guide fracturing construction, etc. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the on-line detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the on-line detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Icons: 1 - First rotor pump; 2 - Additive storage tank; 3 - Sand mixing truck; 4 - Gear pump; 5 - Liquid storage tank; 6 - Automatic throttle valve; 7 - Second flowmeter; 8 - First flowmeter; 9 - pH value sensor; 10 - Conductivity meter; 11 - Stirrer; 12 - Second rotor pump; 13 - Third flowmeter; 14 - Friction resistance test unit; 15 - Throttle valve; 16 - Viscosity sensor; 17 - Wellhead; 18 - Data acquisition and transceiver module; 19 - Remote control center. Detailed Embodiments

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] Online detection and regulation of the performance of low-viscosity slickwater fracturing fluid in the preflush stage are carried out. As Figure 1 shown, the first rotor pump 1 pumps additives from the additive storage tank 2 into the blender truck 3 according to the construction displacement and the proportion of the fracturing fluid formula to prepare the fracturing fluid. The gear pump 4 pumps the fracturing fluid without proppant from the discharge end of the blender truck 3 to the stirrer 11. The pH sensor 9 and the conductivity meter 10 are respectively used to detect the acidity and alkalinity and the salinity of the fracturing fluid. A first flowmeter 8 is set at the outlet end of the gear pump 4 to detect the liquid flow rate flowing out of the gear pump 4.

[0040] The fracturing fluid in the stirrer 11 is pressurized by the second rotor pump 12 and then divided into two paths, which respectively enter the viscosity detection pipeline and the drag reduction rate test pipeline. The viscosity sensor 16 is used to detect the viscosity of the fluid, and the friction resistance test unit 14 is used to detect the drag reduction performance of the fluid, and then it flows back to the blender truck 3. A throttle valve 15 is set in front of the viscosity sensor 16.

[0041] The flow rate data and performance detection data pumped by the first rotor pump 1 are transmitted to the remote control center 19 in real time by the data acquisition and transceiver module 18. The control program automatically analyzes the current liquid performance according to the preset performance index judgment criteria. When the "error" requirement of the index is exceeded, a regulation instruction is formed and sent to the receiver of the first rotor pump 1 to adjust the pumping and adding displacement size, so as to remotely and quickly adjust the performance of the fracturing fluid.

[0042] The first rotor pump 1 assembly includes a mobile skid-mounted structure, an explosion-proof motor, a cam rotor pump, a turbine flow sensor, a variable frequency speed controller, and a wireless communication control box. The explosion-proof motor provides power; the cam rotor pump is driven and regulated by the variable frequency speed controller to inhale and discharge fluid such as liquid additives; the discharged fluid is measured for flow rate by the flow sensor and displayed in real time; the wireless communication control box controls the operation of the entire device, sends out the flow information, and receives instructions from the control center to control the operation of the motor and change the operating speed of the cam rotor pump to adjust the flow rate.

[0043] The pipeline between the first rotor pump 1 and the gear pump 4 is connected to the wellhead 17.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] Online detection and regulation of the performance of high-viscosity slickwater fracturing fluid in the proppant-carrying fluid stage are carried out. As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the first rotor pump 1 extracts additives from the additive storage tank 2 according to the construction displacement and the proportion of the fracturing fluid formula to prepare the fracturing fluid in the blender truck 3. At the same time, a branch is separated to control the flow rate of the additives to the stirrer 11 through the automatic control throttle valve 6 and the second flowmeter 7. The gear pump 4 extracts the liquid preparation water from the liquid storage tank 5 to the stirrer 11 to form a fracturing fluid sample. The liquid preparation water flows through the pH value sensor 9 and the conductivity meter 10 to detect the acidity and alkalinity and salinity of the liquid preparation water respectively. It should be noted that the formula proportion of the fracturing fluid prepared by the blender truck 3 is the same as that of the fracturing fluid prepared by the stirrer 11. The control program collects and analyzes the flow data of the additives or the liquid preparation water in real time, and automatically adjusts the corresponding flow rate according to the formula proportion.

[0046] The fracturing fluid in the stirrer 11 is pressurized by the second rotor pump 12 and then divided into two paths, which respectively enter the viscosity detection pipeline and the drag reduction rate test pipeline. The viscosity sensor 16 detects the viscosity of the fluid, and the friction resistance test unit 14 detects the drag reduction performance of the fluid, and then returns to the blender truck 3. In addition, a third flowmeter 13 is arranged at the outlet end of the second rotor pump 12 to detect the liquid outlet flow rate.

[0047] The flow data and performance detection data pumped by the first rotor pump 1 are transmitted to the remote control center 19 in real time by the data acquisition and transceiver module 18. The control program automatically analyzes the current liquid performance according to the preset performance index judgment standard. When the "error" requirement of the index is exceeded, a control command is formed and sent to the receiver of the first rotor pump 1 to adjust the pumping and adding displacement size, so as to remotely and quickly adjust the performance of the fracturing fluid.

[0048] Example 3:

[0049] Online detection and regulation of the base fluid / linear gel performance of the guar gum fracturing fluid system. The detection process and method are basically the same as those in Example 1. It should be noted that: ① The fracturing fluid in the blender truck 3 is the prepared guar gum base fluid or the guar gum base fluid prepared by the continuous mixing truck; ② It is not necessary to extract additives from the additive storage tank 2; ③ If the performance of the fracturing fluid needs to be adjusted, it should be implemented by the personnel preparing the guar gum fracturing fluid.

[0050] Example 4:

[0051] Online detection and regulation of the sand-carrying gel fluid performance of the guar gum fracturing fluid system. The detection process and method are basically the same as those in Example 2. It should be noted that: ① The additives extracted from the additive storage tank 2 are crosslinking agents or crosslinking promoters; ② The gear pump 4 extracts the guar gum base fluid from the liquid storage tank 5 to 11; ③ The pH value sensor 9 is placed in the pipeline after the stirrer 11 to detect the pH value of the liquid before the gel is formed; ④ After the guar gum fracturing fluid crosslinks to form a gel, the viscosity is very high, and its viscosity will no longer be detected. The viscosity sensor 16 can be placed before the gear pump 4 to detect the viscosity of the guar gum base fluid.

[0052] According to the on-site construction situation, test operations of detection and regulation were respectively carried out according to Embodiment 1 - Embodiment 4, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1 Test Data Record of Embodiment 1 - Embodiment 4

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention has strong timeliness and high accuracy in the performance detection of the commonly used slickwater fracturing fluid and gel fracturing fluid in the fracturing construction site, short automatic regulation response time, improves the intelligent level of the fracturing construction, and has a wide application prospect.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An on-line detection and regulation method for the performance of fracturing fluid, characterized in that: When there is no proppant in the fracturing fluid, samples actually entering the well are obtained from the construction process for on-line detection and regulation. The first rotor pump (1) pumps additives from the additive storage tank (2) into the blender truck (3) according to the designed ratio to prepare the base fluid. After mixing and stabilizing, it flows through the booster equipment pipeline to the wellbore. Fracturing fluid samples are obtained in real time from the surface pipeline and gradually flow through the pH sensor (9), conductivity meter (10), viscosity sensor (16), and friction reduction test unit (14) for performance detection, and then return to the blender truck (3). When the fracturing fluid contains proppant, by automatically tracking the pumping displacement of the fracturing fluid additives, the displacement of the fluid entering the well during fracturing, and the construction parameters of the proppant ratio in real time, the proportional relationship of each additive in the on-site fracturing fluid is obtained. An on-line simulated preparation of the fracturing fluid sample is carried out for performance detection, and the first rotor pump (1) is regulated. According to the proportional relationship of the fracturing fluid prepared in the on-site construction, the first rotor pump (1) uses its automatic control valve to pump additives from the additive storage tank (2), and the fracturing fluid performance detection device pumps the water for preparing the fluid. After flowing through the pH sensor (9) and the conductivity meter (10), the two are mixed in the stirrer (11) to form a fracturing fluid sample, and then are detected by the viscosity sensor (16) and the friction reduction test unit (14), and then return to the blender truck (3).

2. An on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance based on the on-line detection and regulation method for fracturing fluid performance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes: A test pipeline, a first rotor pump (1), a pH sensor (9), a conductivity meter (10), a viscosity sensor (16), a friction reduction test unit (14), a data acquisition and transceiver module (18), and a remote control center (19); The first rotor pump (1) is communicated with the test pipeline, and the first rotor pump (1) is used to pump liquid into the test pipeline; The test pipeline is sequentially provided with the pH sensor (9), the conductivity meter (10), the viscosity sensor (16), and the friction reduction test unit (14) along the liquid flow direction. The pH sensor (9) is used to detect the acidity and alkalinity of the liquid, the conductivity meter (10) is used to detect the salinity of the liquid, the viscosity sensor (16) is used to detect the viscosity of the liquid, and the friction reduction test unit (14) is used to detect the friction reduction performance of the fluid; The pH sensor (9), the conductivity meter (10), the viscosity sensor (16), and the friction reduction test unit (14) are all electrically connected to the data acquisition and transceiver module (18). The data acquisition and transceiver module (18) is used to transmit the data detected by the pH sensor (9), the conductivity meter (10), the viscosity sensor (16), and the friction reduction test unit (14) to the remote control center (19). The remote control center (19) controls the operation of the first rotor pump (1) according to the data information.

3. The on-line detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The on-line detection and regulation system for the performance of fracturing fluid further includes an additive storage tank (2); The additive storage tank (2) is connected to the first rotary pump (1), and the first rotary pump (1) transports the liquid in the additive storage tank (2) into the test pipeline according to the control of the remote control center (19).

4. The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance according to claim 3, characterized in that The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance further includes a sand mixer truck (3); The sand mixer truck (3) is connected to the outlet end of the first rotary pump (1).

5. The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance according to claim 4, characterized in that The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance further includes a gear pump (4); The gear pump (4) is arranged on the test pipeline between the sand mixer truck (3) and the pH value sensor (9), and a first flowmeter (8) is arranged at the outlet end of the gear pump (4).

6. The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance according to claim 5, characterized in that The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance further includes a stirrer (11); The stirrer (11) is arranged on one side of the conductivity meter (10) along the liquid flow direction.

7. The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance according to claim 6, characterized in that The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance further includes a second rotary pump (12); The second rotary pump (12) is arranged on one side of the stirrer (11) along the liquid flow direction, and a third flowmeter (13) is arranged at the outlet end of the second rotary pump (12).

8. The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance according to claim 7, characterized in that The fluid flowing out through the third flowmeter (13) flows into the sand mixer truck (3) through two pipelines. One pipeline is sequentially provided with a throttle valve (15) and the viscosity sensor (16), and the other pipeline is provided with the friction resistance test unit (14).

9. The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance according to claim 6, characterized in that The outlet end of the first rotary pump (1) is divided into two paths. One path of the pipeline is communicated with the sand mixer truck (3), and the other path of the pipeline is communicated with the stirrer (11).

10. The on-line detection and regulation system for fracturing fluid performance according to claim 9, characterized in that An automatic control throttle valve (6) and a second flowmeter (7) are sequentially arranged on the pipeline between the first rotary pump (1) and the stirrer (11) along the liquid flow direction; A liquid storage tank (5) is arranged between the sand mixer truck (3) and the gear pump (4).

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