Arc plume thermal gradient detection device and detection method

Abstract

An arc plume thermal gradient detection device and method are disclosed, comprising: an arc plume generator configured to generate an arc plume; and a plume thermal gradient detection unit positioned near the arc generating portion of the arc plume generator. The plume thermal gradient detection unit comprises a detachable wire array, the wire array forming a three-dimensional array structure with orderly arranged wires, the state of the wires reflecting the arc plume thermal gradient. Thus, based on the detection of the arc plume thermal gradient by the wire array, the boundary conditions for arc plume generation, development, and damage can be determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aviation electrical safety, and specifically to a device and method for detecting arc plume thermal gradients. Background Art

[0002] In aircraft electrical wiring interconnect systems (EWIS), factors such as airframe vibration, the harsh cabin environment, and improper installation can damage cable insulation and generate arc faults, posing a serious threat to flight safety. The arc instantly ejects a plume, generating significant heat and causing direct or indirect damage to surrounding equipment. Within the arc plume, the thermal gradient—the variation in temperature over distance—is crucial for assessing the impact of arcing on surrounding structures and forms a crucial element in aircraft EWIS design.

[0003] However, current research in the aviation field primarily focuses on time-domain and frequency-domain signal processing methods. These methods analyze electrical parameters such as the voltage and current of the fault arc to extract characteristic parameters, and then utilize traditional threshold setting and artificial intelligence methods for fault detection. These studies lack in-depth consideration of arcing distance, energy, and temperature, fail to fully consider the thermal impact of the arc plume on the surrounding environment, and struggle to determine the boundary conditions for arc plume generation, development, and damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problem to be solved by the invention

[0005] The present application is formed to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Its purpose is to provide a detection device and method for the thermal gradient of an arc plume, which can detect the thermal gradient of an arc plume based on a metal wire array and determine the boundary conditions for the generation, development and damage of an arc plume, which is of great significance for improving the safety of aviation electrical systems.

[0006] Technical solutions used to solve technical problems

[0007] The present application provides a test device for detecting the thermal gradient of an arc plume, comprising: an arc plume generating portion for generating an arc plume; and a plume thermal gradient detecting portion disposed near a portion of the arc plume generating portion where an arc is generated; the plume thermal gradient detecting portion comprising a detachable metal wire array, the metal wire array being formed into a three-dimensional array structure in which metal wires are arranged in an orderly manner, and the state of the metal wires being used to reflect the thermal gradient of the arc plume.

[0008] Preferably, the arc plume generating part includes: an AC variable power supply, which provides an adjustable AC current; a pre-regulating load, which is connected to the AC variable power supply and is used to adjust the current amplitude; an arc generating unit, which is connected to the pre-regulating load and is used to generate an arc; a circuit protection unit, which is connected to the arc generating unit and is used to disconnect the circuit when a fault occurs; and a post-regulating resistor, which is connected to the circuit protection unit and is used to control the current.

[0009] Preferably, the arc generating unit comprises a power cable and a guillotine provided above the power cable, wherein the guillotine initiates an arc by cutting the power cable, thereby forming a stable arc plume.

[0010] Preferably, the wire array is arranged in a manner close to a side of the guillotine that cuts the power cable.

[0011] Preferably, the plume thermal gradient detection unit further includes an array outer frame, and the array outer frame is arranged outside the metal wire array in a manner of surrounding the metal wire array.

[0012] Preferably, the metal wire array is constructed as follows: the metal wires extend in the same direction and are arranged in parallel at equal intervals in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction to form a metal wire layer, and the metal wire layer is stacked at equal intervals in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction.

[0013] Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a low-pressure environment simulation portion, wherein the low-pressure environment simulation portion is configured to surround at least a portion of the plume thermal gradient detection portion and the arc plume generation portion.

[0014] In addition, the present application also provides a test method for detecting the thermal gradient of an arc plume, which uses the above-mentioned arc plume thermal gradient detection device for detection. An arc is generated by the arc plume generating part, and a high-temperature and high-energy arc plume is formed. The plume thermal gradient detection part is used to detect the melting of the metal wires in the metal wire array, thereby detecting the arc plume thermal gradient.

[0015] Preferably, the air pressure in the test area is reduced by the low-pressure environment simulation unit to simulate an aviation low-pressure environment.

[0016] Preferably, after the arc plume is generated, the metal wires in the metal wire array are fused or melted, and the relative fusing quality of the metal wires is determined by detecting the fusing length of the metal wires, and the arc plume relative heat value of the metal wires is obtained based on the relative fusing quality.

[0017] Preferably, the relative calorific value of each fused metal wire is calculated, and the relative calorific values are arranged according to the spatial order of the metal wires to form a two-dimensional matrix, thereby obtaining the arc plume thermal gradient of the metal wire array.

[0018] Preferably, the relative calorific value of each melted metal wire is calculated, the total calorific value is obtained by adding them up, and the relative calorific values are sorted from large to small to form a one-dimensional array, and the cumulative calorific value is gradually accumulated to obtain the cumulative calorific value, and the threshold metal wire whose cumulative calorific value in the one-dimensional array is above the specified threshold of the total calorific value is calculated.

[0019] Preferably, in the metal wire array, the area composed of metal wires without melting marks is defined as an undamaged area, the area composed of metal wires with melting marks but not melted is defined as a slightly damaged area, the area composed of metal wires before the threshold metal wire in the one-dimensional array is defined as a severely damaged area, and the area composed of metal wires after the threshold metal wire in the one-dimensional array is defined as a moderately damaged area.

[0020] According to the present application, a simple detection device and a detection method using the detection device can be used to detect the thermal gradient of the arc plume based on a metal wire array, convert the heat distribution of the arc plume into a visualized melting state of the metal wire, calculate the heat, temperature and dielectric properties of the arc plume in combination with a mathematical model, analyze the thermal gradient through the melting situation, obtain the changing characteristics and distribution law of the thermal gradient, and at the same time use low pressure to simulate the actual flight state of a civil aircraft, thereby improving the level of analysis of arc hazard tests on civil aircraft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 3 is a schematic structural diagram showing a device for detecting arc plume thermal gradient according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram showing the structure of a metal wire array and an arc generating unit according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 2 is a structural diagram and a calorific value matrix diagram showing a metal wire array according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 4 Flowchart showing the classification of the influence of arc plume heat into four levels.

[0025] Explanation of symbols:

[0026] 1 AC variable power supply; 2 Pre-regulator load; 3 Circuit protection unit; 4 Post-regulator resistor; 5 Guillotine; 6 Power cable; 7 Low-pressure environment simulation unit; 8 Metal wire array; 9 Array frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application is further described below in conjunction with the following embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. The same or corresponding reference numerals in the figures represent the same components, and repeated descriptions are omitted. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "install", "connect" and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense. For ordinary technicians in this field, they can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific circumstances.

[0029] The following, combined Figure 1 , a device for detecting the arc plume thermal gradient according to one embodiment of the present application (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “detection device D”) will be described.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the detection device D comprises an arc plume generator connected via electrical wiring and a plume thermal gradient detector mounted on the arc plume generator. Furthermore, the detection device D may include a low-pressure environment simulator 7 surrounding the arc plume generator and the plume thermal gradient detector to simulate the state of an arc plume in an aviation environment. The detection device D generates a stable AC arc in the low-pressure environment generated by the low-pressure environment simulator 7 by controlling the cutting of the electrical wiring in the arc plume generator. The plume thermal gradient detector then detects the arc plume's thermal gradient. The details are as follows.

[0031] In this embodiment, the arc plume generating unit includes: an AC variable power supply 1, a pre-regulating load 2, a post-regulating resistor 4, an arc generating unit, and a circuit protection unit 3 disposed between the post-regulating resistor 4 and the arc generating unit.

[0032] The AC variable power supply 1 provides an adjustable AC current for arc generation during the test, and its output is connected to a pre-regulatory load 2 to adjust the test current. In this embodiment, for example, the AC variable power supply 1 can be a three-phase AC power supply.

[0033] The pre-regulating load 2 is located between the AC variable power supply 1 and the arc generating unit, with one end connected to the AC variable power supply 1 and the other end to the arc generating unit. This pre-regulating load 2 is used to adjust the arc current amplitude, influencing arc generation to simulate actual load characteristics. In this embodiment, for example, the pre-regulating load 2 can simulate complex impedance characteristics and support dynamic load changes, thus emulating a composite load that supports nonlinear characteristics.

[0034] The post-regulating resistor 4 is located at the end of the arc generation unit opposite the pre-regulating load 2, i.e., one end is connected to the arc generation unit via the circuit protection unit 3. Post-regulating resistor 4 acts as a current controller for the arc generation circuit, simulating and testing the arc circuit (for example, simulating actual current-carrying environments such as aircraft EWIS), thereby affecting arc stability. In this embodiment, for example, post-regulating resistor 4 requires high precision and fast regulation capabilities, so it can be a purely resistive load.

[0035] The circuit protection unit 3 is located before the post-regulator resistor 4. It disconnects the circuit in the event of a line fault, preventing current from continuing to flow, thereby protecting the equipment and the experimental environment. In this embodiment, for example, the circuit protection unit 3 may be a circuit breaker, with a triggering threshold (current or voltage) set slightly above the normal test current range but below the hazardous current range. This prevents unnecessary disconnection, such as false triggering caused by transient currents during arcing.

[0036] Therefore, in this embodiment, through the cooperation of the pre-regulating load 2 and the post-regulating resistor 4, a real circuit operating condition can be provided, and the controllability and safety of the test can be ensured, especially meeting the requirements of the aviation environment.

[0037] In addition, in the present embodiment, the arc generating unit is arranged between the pre-regulating load 2 and the circuit protection unit 3 arranged on the upstream side of the post-regulating resistor 4. Specifically, the arc generating unit includes a guillotine 5 and a power cable 6. The guillotine 5 triggers an arc by continuously cutting the power cable 6, thereby forming a stable arc plume. More specifically, one end of the power cable 6 is connected to the pre-regulating load 2, and the other end is connected to the post-regulating resistor 4 via the circuit protection unit 3. The guillotine 5 is located above the power cable 6 and mechanically cuts the power cable 6 in a prescribed manner, triggering arc discharge and generating an arc plume. In the present embodiment, for example, the power cable 6 can be made of materials such as copper, tinned copper, nickel copper, etc., and the guillotine 5 can be a dry arc ignition guillotine, and precise opening and closing control is achieved through a servo motor or electromagnetic drive.

[0038] The arc plume mentioned here refers to the phenomenon of luminous, conductive gas flow caused by the high temperature and ionization during the arc discharge process, which causes the air or other medium surrounding the arc to heat and ionize, resulting in the formation of a luminous, conductive gas flow. The arc plume is often accompanied by strong thermal, optical, and electromagnetic radiation, and is a key characteristic of the arc discharge process. The arc plume has various characteristics, including high temperature, ionization, luminescence, and flow. Specifically, the high temperature characteristic refers to the extremely high temperature of the arc plume, often reaching thousands of degrees Celsius or even higher, which gives it a strong thermal effect, melting, and evaporation. The ionization characteristic refers to the ionization of gas molecules in the arc plume into ions and electrons, forming a conductive channel that enables the arc to discharge continuously. The luminescence characteristic refers to the recombination, excitation, and transition of ions and electrons in the arc plume under the influence of the electric field, releasing light energy and forming the luminescence phenomenon. The flow characteristic refers to the arc plume's fluidity due to the thermal and electromagnetic forces generated by the arc discharge, which can affect the surrounding gas environment and the surface of objects. It can be seen from this that the arc generating unit is not limited to the form mentioned in this application, as long as it can generate an arc plume with the characteristics described above.

[0039] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the low-pressure environment simulation unit 7 is used to simulate the low-pressure conditions at an aircraft's cruising altitude in a laboratory environment, thereby realistically reproducing the arc plume's development behavior in a high-altitude environment. Specifically, an aircraft's cruising altitude is typically around 10,000 meters, at which point the ambient air pressure is approximately 0.3 atm (standard atmospheric pressure), which is significantly lower than the ground pressure (1 atm). A low-pressure environment can affect arc formation, plume diffusion, and heat conduction. For example, at a low pressure of 0.3 atm, the arc plume's expansibility decreases, and arc development slows. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate a low-pressure environment using the low-pressure environment simulation unit 7. In this embodiment, for example, the low-pressure environment simulation unit 7 can be formed as a sealed cabin that at least accommodates the arc generation unit and the plume thermal gradient detection unit.

[0040] In addition, if Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the plume thermal gradient detector is placed within the low-pressure environment simulation unit 7 and installed on the side of the arc generation unit where the arc is generated (i.e., the side where the guillotine 5 cuts the power cable 6), in direct contact with the arc plume. Specifically, the plume thermal gradient detector comprises a wire array 8 and an array outer frame 9. The wire array 8 is detachably positioned above the power cable 6 and the guillotine 5 to detect the thermal gradient and energy distribution of the arc plume generated by the guillotine 5 cutting the power cable 6. Figure 2In the figure, to clearly illustrate the positional relationship of the various components, the wire array 8 is rendered in a see-through manner, allowing the power cable 6 and guillotine 5 to be seen through the wire array 8. However, this is not necessarily the case in practice. When the density of the wire array 8 is sufficiently high, the power cable 6 and guillotine 5 may not be visible through the wire array 8. More specifically, the ends of the lowest wire in the wire array 8 lie on two parallel lines L1 and L2, respectively. The guillotine 5 cuts the power cable 6 below the plane defined by lines L1 and L2.

[0041] The array frame 9 is made of an insulating, high-temperature-resistant material and is positioned outside the wire array 8, surrounding it to ensure test safety. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the array frame 9 also supports the wire array 8, ensuring that the lowest wires in the array 8 are at a sufficient height for the guillotine 5 to cut the power cables 6. However, this is not a requirement; additional support structures may also be provided.

[0042] More specifically, the wire array 8 is formed into a three-dimensional array structure with orderly arranged wires. When an arc plume occurs, it ejects in a fan-shaped or columnar manner toward the center of the wire array 8, causing the wires to melt to varying degrees. For example, the closest wires are first exposed to the plume and, if the temperature is high enough, may melt immediately. Wires further away, due to decreasing heat conduction, may melt, bend, or remain unmelted to varying degrees. Therefore, by analyzing the number and length of wires damaged in each layer of the wire array 8 and combining this with mathematical modeling, the arc plume thermal gradient distribution is derived.

[0043] In summary, in the aforementioned detection device D of this application, the air pressure within the test area is first lowered via the low-pressure environment simulator 7 to simulate the arc behavior characteristics of an aircraft at cruising altitude (approximately 0.3 atm). Next, the guillotine 5 continuously cuts the power cable 6, generating an AC arc powered by the AC variable power supply 1, forming a high-temperature, high-energy arc plume. The energy generated by the arc is then ejected onto the wire array 8 through thermal radiation and convection, heating and even fusing the wires.

[0044] The following, combined Figure 2 、 Figure 3 The wire array 8 is described in detail.

[0045] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown, the metal wires extend in the Y direction and are arranged in parallel at equal intervals in the X direction, thereby defining the XY plane as the metal wire layer. The metal wire layers are stacked and arranged at equal intervals in the Z direction, and a fixed vertical spacing is maintained between the metal wire layers. In addition, Figure 3 In the figure, the spacing is exaggerated for clarity and a small number of metal wires are shown for simplicity, but the present invention is not limited to this. Figure 3In the figure, the concept of "layer" is introduced for the convenience of description, in order to clearly describe the structure of the metal wire array 8, but it should be understood that the array itself does not necessarily need to be divided into layers. Figure 3 As shown in FIG, three metal wire layers are schematically drawn along the Z direction, numbered as layers 1 to 3, and for each metal wire layer, eight metal wires are drawn along the X direction, numbered as 1 to 8 (i.e., 8 columns), thus forming a metal wire array. In other words, Figure 3 As shown, 24 metal wires are arranged to form a metal wire array of 8 columns × 3 layers.

[0046] In this embodiment, the metal wires can be made of aviation cable materials such as copper, aluminum, nickel-chromium alloy, or stainless steel. There are no restrictions on the diameter of the individual wires, the spacing between the wires, or the vertical spacing between wire layers; all can be set based on specific experimental requirements. Generally speaking, the smaller the wire diameter and the higher the density of the wires, the better the detection effect. Furthermore, the number of layers, spacing, length, and arrangement of the wires in the wire array 8 can be adjusted based on specific circumstances, for example, as long as the wires in the wire array 8 can cover the heat radiation range of the arc plume.

[0047] In this application, the term "covering the arc plume's thermal radiation range" means that at least in the wire arrangement direction (width) and extension direction (length), not all wires are melted, and in the wire layer stacking direction (depth), not all wire layers are melted. In other words, preferably, for the most severely melted wires, there are still unmelted portions at the ends away from the arc plume. For the most severely melted wire layers, there are still undamaged wires at the edges away from the arc plume. For the wire array, there are still unmelted wire layers on the side away from the arc plume. In this way, the most perfect thermal gradient distribution can be achieved.

[0048] The following details the calculation of the arc plume's thermal gradient distribution. When the arc plume strikes the wires, its high temperature can cause them to melt, discolor, bend, or even evaporate. By quantifying these physical changes, the arc plume's thermal gradient distribution can be calculated.

[0049] As follows, the relationship between key parameters such as arc plume heat, temperature and medium properties is analyzed.

[0050] First, the dynamic characteristic equation of the arc plume is established. The Modified Schavemaker arc model is selected to establish the dynamic characteristic equation of the arc plume. The Modified Schavemaker arc model is an improvement on the classic Mayr model. It aims to more accurately describe the dynamic characteristics of the arc. It sets the arc dissipation power P and arc time constant τ, which are not constants in actual situations, as power functions of g, expressed by the following equation (1):

[0051] [Mathematical formula]

[0052]

[0053] Where, g: arc conductivity (S), U arc : Arc voltage limit value (V), u: Arc voltage (V), i: Arc current (A), P: Arc dissipated power, τ s : Arc time constant, P0: Dissipated power constant (W), θ: Phase angle considering AC arc characteristics.

[0054] Next, an energy balance equation is established. Assuming that all arc energy enters the wire array 8 and is used to melt the array structure, the amount of wire melted (i.e., how many wires are melted, how long they are melted, etc.) depends on whether the energy provided by the arc is sufficient to raise the temperature of the wires from ambient temperature to the melting point, and also whether the additional energy required for material melting (latent heat of fusion) is met. Based on this, an equation for the arc energy entering the wire array 8 is established, expressed as the following equation (2):

[0055] [Mathematical formula]

[0056]

[0057] Where, E′: energy absorbed by the metal wire array 8 (J), P arc : total energy released / input by the arc (W), a: heat consumption coefficient ( ), dE′ / dt: the rate of change of net energy absorbed by the metal wire per unit time (W).

[0058] Finally, the AC arc model equation is established. Since the arc energy and heat consumption entering the wire array 8 are proportional to the accumulated energy, the heat consumption is proportional to the temperature difference, and the temperature difference is proportional to the energy difference. Therefore, the AC arc model equation can be obtained by combining mathematical formulas (1) and (2), thereby obtaining the relationship between key parameters such as arc plume heat, temperature, and dielectric properties, which is expressed by the following formula (3):

[0059] [Mathematical formula]

[0060]

[0061] Among them, P arc : total arc energy (W), a: heat dissipation coefficient, τ t : Arc duration (s), T m : Melting point temperature of the metal wire (K), T a : ambient temperature (K), C: specific heat capacity of metal (J / kg·K), H fus : latent heat of fusion of the metal (J / kg), ρ: density of the metal (kg / m³), M: melting mass of the metal wire (kg), V: melting volume of the metal wire (m³).

[0062] Based on the above derivation, we can derive the relationship between key parameters such as arc plume heat, temperature, and dielectric properties. Specifically, the greater the arc energy, the greater the amount of wire melted (V), indicating a greater number of melted wires, a deeper melt layer, and a greater thermal gradient.

[0063] In this embodiment, after the arc plume is generated, the wires within the wire array 8 fuse or melt. Fusing, as used herein, means that the wires are heated by the arc plume to the point of breaking, destroying their structural integrity. Melting refers to the surface or localized softening or melting of the wires, but without complete breakage. By analyzing the fusing of the wires, the actual impact of the heat generated by the arc plume on the surrounding environment can be assessed.

[0064] Specifically, when a wire melts, the length of the wire that has melted is calculated using the center point of the cross section as a reference. For example, the state of each wire in the plume thermal gradient detection unit can be manually observed and measured, or detected and analyzed using tools such as a camera, graphics processing software, and laser point cloud analysis. This information includes at least information about whether the wire has melted, whether it has melted, and the length of the melted wire.

[0065] Therefore, the relative melting quality of the metal wire is calculated based on the melting length: m i =ρAl i , where m i : relative melting mass of the i-th metal wire (kg), ρ: density of the metal wire (kg / m³), A: cross-sectional area of the metal wire (m²), l i : The melting length of the i-th metal wire (m).

[0066] Then, the relative heat value of the arc plume corresponding to the i-th metal wire is obtained according to the heat formula: Q i =m i cΔT i , where Q i : Relative calorific value of the i-th metal wire (J), m i : relative melting mass of the i-th metal wire (kg), c: specific heat capacity of the metal wire (J / kg·℃), ΔTi : Temperature change of the i-th metal wire (℃).

[0067] Therefore, the corresponding calorific value can be deduced based on whether each metal wire is melted and the melted length, thereby constructing a map reflecting the spatial variation trend of the calorific value, which can effectively describe the dynamic characteristics of the arc plume in a low-pressure environment and help analyze the temperature field distribution of the arc plume. In addition, Figure 2 As shown, after calculating the relative calorific value of each melted wire, the calorific values of all the wires can be listed in the spatial order of the wires (for example, according to the number of layers Z and the number X in each layer) to form a two-dimensional calorific value matrix (which can also be understood as a calorific value set), thereby obtaining the thermal gradient distribution. Alternatively, the thermal value average of each layer can be calculated and the thermal gradient distribution of the arc plume heat in different layers can be plotted. Figure 3 The right side of the middle shows the two-dimensional calorific value matrix corresponding to the wire array. Specifically, as mentioned above, the arc plume relative calorific value corresponding to the i-th wire in the wire array is Q i Therefore, in this embodiment, in the two-dimensional calorific value matrix, the i-th metal wire is uniquely defined by the layers and columns of the array, that is, i=11 represents the metal wire in the first column of the first layer (i.e., the first wire in the layer), and Q11 represents the calorific value of the metal wire in the first column of the first layer; i=12 represents the metal wire in the second column of the first layer (i.e., the second wire in the layer), and Q12 represents the calorific value of the metal wire in the second column of the first layer; i=21 represents the metal wire in the first column of the second layer (i.e., the first wire in the layer), and Q21 represents the calorific value of the metal wire in the first column of the second layer, and so on.

[0068] Furthermore, in this embodiment, if the metal wire shows no signs of melting, the corresponding arc plume relative calorific value is zero. If the metal wire shows signs of melting but is not melted, the corresponding arc plume relative calorific value is not calculated (defaults to zero), but this is not limiting. Furthermore, in this embodiment, for example, the raw calorific value can be used directly or normalized, without specific limitation.

[0069] Furthermore, if Figure 4 As shown, the metal wire array 8 can also be divided into four areas: severe, moderate, mild, and no damage according to the metal wire damage and thermal gradient data.

[0070] When there is no melting mark on a metal wire (“No” in the figure), the metal wire is undamaged, and all undamaged metal wires constitute an undamaged area in the array.

[0071] When a metal wire has melting traces but is not melted ("No" in the figure), the metal wire is slightly damaged, and all the slightly damaged metal wires constitute a slightly damaged area in the array.

[0072] When a wire has melted ("Yes" in the diagram), the relative calorific value of each melted wire is calculated as above and added together to obtain the total calorific value. The relative calorific values of each melted wire are then sorted from highest to lowest to form a one-dimensional array, and the cumulative calorific value is gradually accumulated. When the cumulative calorific value of the k-th wire in the one-dimensional array is ≥ 50% of the total calorific value, it is defined as the threshold wire. The wires preceding the threshold wire in the one-dimensional array (including the k-th wire) are defined as severely damaged, and all severely damaged wires constitute the severely damaged region of the array. The wires following the threshold wire in the one-dimensional array (excluding the k-th wire) are defined as moderately damaged, and all moderately damaged wires constitute the moderately damaged region of the array.

[0073] By categorizing the wire array 8 into four zones—severe, moderate, mild, and no damage—the authors categorized the actual impact of the arc plume's heat on the surrounding environment into four levels, providing a robust basis for subsequent experimental research. Furthermore, by observing the melting of wires in different layers and combining this with the arc model formula described below, they calculated the arc plume's thermal gradient distribution, the arc heat damage zone, and the response of different metal materials to the arc's thermal effects. This evaluation of the arc plume's thermal gradient distribution provided data support for aviation EWIS safety design.

[0074] In addition, the test can be repeated by replacing the metal wire array 8 in the detection device D. By changing the material and layout of the metal wire array 8, the test conditions can be easily changed to simulate different aviation equipment and obtain the impact of the arc plume on different aviation equipment, thereby meeting as many test needs as possible at a lower cost.

[0075] Furthermore, when using the wire array 8 to simulate the arc plume thermal effects on aviation equipment, the wires within the wire array 8 may not be arranged parallel and evenly spaced as described above, but may be arranged in a desired manner based on specific needs. For example, other layouts, such as staggered arrangements, may be used based on specific needs. The higher the density of the staggered grid, the better the detection effect.

[0076] Furthermore, the detection device D described herein is not limited to the AC arc plume detection device described above and can also be implemented in other forms, as long as it utilizes a wire array to detect the arc plume's thermal gradient distribution and thermal damage. Furthermore, although not shown, it should be understood that the detection device D includes a control unit for adjusting current, controlling the blade speed, and so forth.

[0077] In addition, the present application simulates the aviation environment through the low-pressure environment simulation unit 7, but if one wants to obtain the arc plume thermal gradient under a normal atmospheric pressure environment, the low-pressure environment simulation unit 7 can be omitted.

[0078] The instructions for performing the aforementioned processes or steps are embodied as computer-executable instructions. Computer-executable instructions can be compiled or interpreted from computer programs created using various programming languages and / or technologies, including but not limited to Java™, C, C++, Visual Basic, JavaScript, Perl, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and the like, alone or in combination. Generally speaking, a processor (e.g., a microprocessor) receives instructions, for example, from a memory, a computer-readable medium, and the like, and executes these instructions, thereby performing one or more processes, including one or more of the processes described herein. Such instructions and other data can be stored and transmitted using various computer-readable media. A file in a computing device is typically a collection of data stored on a computer-readable medium, such as a storage medium or random access memory.

[0079] In addition, any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed in a sequence other than as shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in a reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present application belong.

[0080] The functions of the elements disclosed in this specification may be performed using circuits or processing circuits comprising general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, integrated circuits, ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), existing circuits, and / or combinations thereof, which are constructed or programmed to perform the disclosed functions. A processor is considered a processing circuit or circuit because it contains transistors or other circuits. In this disclosure, a circuit, unit, or means is hardware that performs the listed functions, or hardware that is programmed to perform the listed functions. The hardware may be the hardware disclosed in this specification, or other known hardware that is programmed or constructed to perform the listed functions. When the hardware is considered to be a processor that is a type of circuit, the circuit, means, or unit is a combination of hardware and software, and the software is used in the construction of the hardware and / or processor.

[0081] As another aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the computer device described in the above embodiments and their variations, or may exist independently and not incorporated into the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs. When executed by the computer device, the computer device implements the method described in the above embodiments and their variations. For example, the computer device may implement the steps shown in the various figures.

[0082] According to one aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is provided, comprising computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the methods provided in various optional implementations of the above-described embodiments.

[0083] The above specific implementation methods further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of this application in detail. It should be understood that the above is only a specific implementation method of this application and is not limited to the scope of protection of this application. Without departing from the purpose of the basic characteristics of this application, this application can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, the implementation forms in this application are used for illustration rather than limitation. Since the scope of this application is defined by the claims rather than the specification, and all changes that fall within the scope defined by the claims or the equivalent range of the scope defined by them should be understood to be included in the claims. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the thermal gradient of an arc plume, using a device for detecting the thermal gradient of an arc plume, characterized in that: The detection device comprises: an arc plume generating portion for generating an arc plume; and a plume thermal gradient detection unit disposed near a location where an arc is generated in the arc plume generating unit; The plume thermal gradient detection unit includes a detachable metal wire array, the metal wire array is formed into a three-dimensional array structure in which metal wires are arranged in an orderly manner, and the state of the metal wires is used to reflect the arc plume thermal gradient. The detection method comprises: The arc is generated by the arc plume generating portion, and a high-temperature and high-energy arc plume is formed. The plume thermal gradient detection unit detects the melting of the metal wires in the metal wire array, thereby detecting the arc plume thermal gradient. After the arc plume is generated, the metal wires in the metal wire array are fused or melted, and the relative melting quality of the metal wires is determined by detecting the melting length of the metal wires, and the arc plume relative heat value of the metal wires is obtained based on the relative melting quality. The relative heat value of each fused metal wire is calculated, and the relative heat values are arranged according to the spatial order of the metal wires to form a two-dimensional matrix, thereby obtaining the arc plume thermal gradient of the metal wire array.

2. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein The arc plume generating portion comprises: an AC variable power supply that provides adjustable AC current; a pre-regulating load connected to the AC variable power supply and used for adjusting the current amplitude; an arc generating unit connected to the pre-regulating load and configured to generate an arc; a circuit protection unit connected to the arc generating unit and configured to disconnect the circuit when a fault occurs; and A post-regulating resistor is connected to the circuit protection unit and is used to control the current.

3. The detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that The arc generating unit includes a power cable and a guillotine provided above the power cable. The guillotine initiates an arc by cutting the power cable, thereby forming a stable arc plume.

4. The detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that The wire array is arranged in a manner close to a side of the guillotine that cuts the power cable.

5. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein The plume thermal gradient detection unit further includes an array outer frame, which is disposed outside the metal wire array in a manner of surrounding the metal wire array.

6. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that The metal wire array is constructed such that the metal wires extend in the same direction and are arranged in parallel at equal intervals in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction to form a metal wire layer, and the metal wire layer is stacked at equal intervals in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction.

7. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that The device further includes a low-pressure environment simulation portion configured to surround at least a portion of the plume thermal gradient detection portion and the arc plume generation portion.

8. The detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that The low-pressure environment simulation unit is used to reduce the air pressure in the test area to simulate an aviation low-pressure environment.

9. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein The relative calorific value of each melted metal wire is calculated, and the total calorific value is obtained by adding them up. The relative calorific values are sorted from large to small to form a one-dimensional array, and the cumulative calorific values are gradually accumulated to obtain the cumulative calorific value. The threshold metal wire whose cumulative calorific value in the one-dimensional array is above the specified threshold of the total calorific value is calculated.

10. The detection method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the metal wire array, The area consisting of metal wires without melting marks is defined as the damage-free area. The area consisting of metal wires with melting marks but not melted is defined as the lightly damaged area. The area formed by the metal wires before the threshold metal wire in the one-dimensional array is defined as a severe damage area, The area formed by the metal wires after the threshold metal wire in the one-dimensional array is defined as a moderate damage area.

Images