Method for ecological maintenance of mining area based on simulation of surface subsidence

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining subsidence treatment, in particular to a mining area ecological maintenance method based on surface subsidence simulation. Comprising the following steps: determining a potential subsidence source according to distribution information of roadways in a mine map; determining the subsidence classification of the earth surface at the first time point and the second time point; the interval between the first time point and the second time point is greater than 6 months; determining a first subsidence model set matched with the subsidence classification of the first time point based on the potential subsidence source by using a simulated annealing algorithm; determining a second subsidence model set based on the first subsidence model set, a simulated annealing algorithm and the surface subsidence classification at the second time point; and based on the second subsidence model set, determining a potential subsidence disturbance area of which the subsidence type changes in the first time period, and applying an ecological restoration measure. Therefore, the problem that the subsidence disturbance area in the mining area cannot be quickly and efficiently identified in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining subsidence control, and particularly to a method for ecological maintenance in mining areas based on simulating surface subsidence. Background Art

[0002] Mining can cause great damage to the surface. In particular, coal mining can cause geological disasters such as surface subsidence and crack development, which will have a great impact on aspects such as soil moisture content, porosity, nutrients, enzyme activity, and root zone microorganisms.

[0003] Therefore, in coal mining areas, ecological restoration measures are often needed to restore the ecological environment. However, completely restoring the mined area will consume huge resources, and some areas with relatively low subsidence can recover on their own. The areas that need to use ecological restoration measures are only those with large subsidence disturbances. The geological conditions of the mined areas are different, and the identification and prediction of areas with large subsidence disturbances have become obstacles to the targeted implementation of ecological restoration measures.

[0004] To address the above problems, the present application provides a method for ecological maintenance in mining areas based on simulating surface subsidence, which can quickly and efficiently simulate the generation of subsidence disturbance areas, thereby determining areas with large subsidence disturbances and implementing targeted ecological restoration measures, which can greatly reduce the restoration cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the problem that the prior art cannot quickly and efficiently identify subsidence disturbance areas in mined areas, at least one aspect and advantage of the present invention will be partially described below, or will be apparent from the description, or can be obtained by practicing the subject matter of the present disclosure.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for ecological maintenance in mining areas based on simulating surface subsidence includes:

[0007] Determining potential subsidence sources based on the distribution information of roadways in the mine map;

[0008] Determining the subsidence classification of the surface at a first time point and a second time point; the interval between the first time point and the second time point is greater than 6 months;

[0009] Using the simulated annealing algorithm to determine a first set of subsidence models that match the subsidence classification at the first time point based on the potential subsidence sources;

[0010] Determining a second set of subsidence models based on the first set of subsidence models, the simulated annealing algorithm, and the subsidence classification of the surface at the second time point;

[0011] Determine the potential subsidence disturbance area where the subsidence type changes within the first time period based on the second set of subsidence models, and apply ecological restoration measures;

[0012] The subsidence classification includes the original ground surface, the self-repair area, and the subsidence disturbance area;

[0013] The first set of subsidence models and the second set of subsidence models include the subsidence areas of the subsidence sources.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the subsidence sources are divided into the first type of subsidence source, the second type of subsidence source, and the third type of subsidence source according to the subsidence occurrence probability;

[0015] The first type of subsidence source includes the fault intersection area and the coal pillar failure area;

[0016] The second type of subsidence source includes the historical goaf area and the potential key stratum fracture area;

[0017] The third type is the stable coal pillar area.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the subsidence classification of the ground surface is based on determining the carbon-phosphorus ratio, carbon-nitrogen ratio, or nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the ground surface after dividing the mining area ground surface into grids.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, when using the simulated annealing algorithm to determine the first set of subsidence models, several roadways closest to the subsidence disturbance area where the subsidence at the first time point is classified are used as the subsidence sources of the collapse, and the surface subsidence amount and subsidence type at full subsidence are obtained by using the probability integral method;

[0020] After that, by changing the subsidence source of the collapse, the corresponding surface subsidence amount is obtained;

[0021] The objective function used by the simulated annealing algorithm is the first approximation degree, and the first approximation degree is the difference value between the surface subsidence type calculated based on the selected collapse source and the actual surface subsidence type;

[0022] The subsidence type is obtained based on at least the coal seam thickness and the subsidence coefficient.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the process of determining the second set of subsidence models includes:

[0024] Select a model from the first set of subsidence models, obtain the corresponding subsidence area, and mark the corresponding roadway as collapsed;

[0025] After that, by changing the state of the subsidence source that is not collapsed in the collapse source and collapsing it, the corresponding surface subsidence amount is obtained;

[0026] The objective function used in the simulated annealing algorithm is the second approximation degree, which is the difference value between the surface subsidence type calculated based on the selected collapse source and the actual surface subsidence type;

[0027] The subsidence type is obtained at least based on the coal seam thickness and the subsidence coefficient.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the subsidence models in the first subsidence model set and the second subsidence model set further include the collapse ratio of the collapse source.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first approximation degree or the second approximation degree is the difference value of the proportion of the same type of collapse area.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the potential subsidence disturbance area includes an area that has not collapsed at the second time point and the collapse ratio of the adjacent area is lower than the first threshold.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second model set is sorted based on the ascending collapse ratio in the second subsidence model set, and the model with the lowest collapse ratio is obtained as the prediction benchmark.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the object of applying the ecological restoration measures is the area where the collapse type has changed to the subsidence disturbance area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The flowchart of a method for ecological maintenance in a mining area based on simulating surface subsidence is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Now, the content of the present disclosure will be described with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are described only to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to better understand and thus implement the content of the present disclosure, rather than implying any limitation to the scope of the present disclosure.

[0035] As used herein, the term "comprising" and its variants are to be construed as open-ended terms meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" is to be construed as "at least partially based on". The terms "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be construed as "at least one embodiment". The term "another embodiment" is to be construed as "at least one other embodiment". The orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit that the indicated devices, elements or components must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Moreover, in addition to being able to represent orientation or positional relationships, some of the above terms may also be used to represent other meanings. For example, the term "upper" may also be used to represent a certain attachment relationship or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, the terms "installed", "arranged", "provided with", "connected", "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or there is internal communication between two devices, elements or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are mainly used to distinguish different devices, elements or components (the specific types and structures may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance and quantity of the indicated devices, elements or components. Unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for ecological maintenance in a mining area based on simulated surface subsidence includes:

[0037] Determining potential subsidence sources according to the distribution information of roadways in a mine map;

[0038] Determining the subsidence classification of the surface at a first time point and a second time point; the interval between the first time point and the second time point is greater than 6 months;

[0039] Using a simulated annealing algorithm to determine a first set of subsidence models that matches the subsidence classification at the first time point based on the potential subsidence sources;

[0040] Determining a second set of subsidence models based on the first set of subsidence models, the simulated annealing algorithm, and the subsidence classification of the surface at the second time point;

[0041] Determine the potential subsidence disturbance area where the subsidence type changes within the first time period based on the second set of subsidence models, and apply ecological restoration measures;

[0042] The subsidence classification includes the original ground surface, the self-repair area, and the subsidence disturbance area;

[0043] The first set of subsidence models and the second set of subsidence models include the subsidence areas of the subsidence sources.

[0044] In this embodiment, a method for ecological maintenance of mining areas based on simulated ground subsidence is proposed. First, determine potential subsidence sources according to the distribution information of roadways in the mine map, and determine the surface subsidence classification at the first time point and the second time point. Secondly, use the simulated annealing algorithm and the potential subsidence sources to determine the first set of subsidence models that match the subsidence classification at the first time point. Thirdly, based on the first set of subsidence models and the surface subsidence classification at the second time point, use the simulated annealing algorithm to determine the second set of subsidence models. Finally, determine the potential subsidence disturbance area where the subsidence type changes within the first time period based on the second set of subsidence models, and apply ecological restoration measures to the corresponding areas.

[0045] Specifically, the mine map is an important tool for mine exploitation. Through the mine map, information such as the geological characteristics, engineering layout, ventilation system, power system, emergency escape system, etc. of the exploitation area can be understood. In the present invention, the distribution information of roadways in the exploitation area is obtained through the mine map, and potential subsidence sources are determined according to the roadway information. More specifically, the potential subsidence source refers to the area where subsidence may occur.

[0046] Specifically, the simulated annealing algorithm is a probabilistic random search optimization algorithm, which is inspired by the process of solid annealing. Physically, annealing means heating a solid to a sufficiently high temperature and then slowly cooling it, so that the arrangement of atoms inside the solid becomes regular, thereby reducing the energy state of the system. Similarly, in optimization problems, the simulated annealing algorithm avoids getting trapped in local optima by occasionally accepting worse solutions in order to find the global optimal solution.

[0047] Specifically, use the simulated annealing algorithm to determine the first set of subsidence models that match the subsidence classification at the first time point based on the potential subsidence sources. That is, predict the potential subsidence sources through the simulated annealing algorithm, find the subsidence sources in the potential subsidence sources that match the subsidence classification actually occurring at the first time point, and form the first set of subsidence models.

[0048] Specifically, according to the subsidence classification information in the first set of subsidence models, obtain the collapsed areas, mark the corresponding roadways, use the simulated annealing algorithm to predict the subsidence areas and subsidence classifications at the second time point for the areas that have not collapsed at the second time point, match them with the actual subsidence classification at the second time point, and form the second set of subsidence models.

[0049] Specifically, the interval between the first time point and the second time point is greater than 6 months. The reason is that the type of partial ground subsidence will change within a 6-month cycle. If it is too long, more changes will occur; if it is too short, the changes may be relatively small. For example, if the first time point is January, then the second time point is July; if the first time point is February, then the second time point is August. More specifically, according to different geological conditions, the interval between the first time point and the second time point can be flexibly selected to be 6 - 12 months, preferably 6 months.

[0050] Specifically, based on the second subsidence model set, determine the subsidence disturbance area where the collapse type changes within the first time period. That is, through the prediction of the collapse area in the second subsidence model set, determine the area where the collapse type will change within the first time period, so as to determine the corresponding potential subsidence disturbance area that will change, and use corresponding ecological restoration measures according to the subsidence situation.

[0051] Specifically, the first subsidence model set and the second subsidence model set include the collapse areas of the subsidence sources. More specifically, since the first subsidence model set contains multiple subsidence types, that is, the parameters at initialization are inconsistent, multiple solutions may be generated during calculation, which in turn affects that there may also be multiple possibilities for the second subsidence model.

[0052] Specifically, in the simulated annealing algorithm, the initial state starts from an initial solution, which can be randomly generated. Then introduce the temperature parameter as a control parameter. At high temperatures, the algorithm has a higher probability of accepting a worse solution; as the temperature gradually decreases, this probability also decreases. Finally, gradually reduce the temperature until the stop condition is met. Among them, the acceptance criterion is used as the standard for whether to accept the newly generated candidate solution. If the new solution is better than the current solution, it is directly accepted; if the new solution is worse, it is accepted with a certain probability, and this probability is related to the difference between the two and the current temperature. For example, define the objective function as y = f(x), and calculate y0 and y1 respectively, where y1 is the new solution. Through calculation, if y1 is better than y0 (y1 < y0) and the difference is less than 0, the probability P of accepting the new solution is 1, that is, accept the new solution; if y1 is worse, the probability of accepting the new solution is , where, represents the difference in the objective function between the new solution and the current solution, and T represents the current "temperature" parameter. More specifically, the simulated annealing algorithm is a relatively mature algorithm. In optimization problems, the simulated annealing algorithm avoids falling into local optima by allowing occasional acceptance of worse solutions in order to find the global optimum solution.

[0053] Specifically, the subsidence classification includes the original ground surface, the self-repairing area, and the subsidence disturbance area. Among them, the original ground surface refers to the area where mining has not been carried out. The self-repairing area refers to the area above the mining face where there is no obvious height difference on both sides of the cracks after the mining subsidence stabilizes. This area has the self-repairing characteristic of rapid closure.

[0054] Specifically, the subsidence disturbance area refers to the areas such as surface collapse and permanent fissures caused by mineral mining. And this area is strongly affected by mineral mining disturbances and is difficult to repair automatically, which will cause continuous damage to the surface environment, resulting in changes in soil factors, soil enzyme activities, and ecological stoichiometry ratios, etc.

[0055] The present invention relates to a method for ecological maintenance in mining areas based on simulating surface subsidence, predicting the subsidence disturbance area in the mineral mining area, and applying corresponding ecological restoration measures to intervene in the ecological environment, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the cost of ecological restoration and improving the quality of ecological restoration.

[0056] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the subsidence sources are divided into the first type of subsidence source, the second type of subsidence source, and the third type of subsidence source according to the probability of subsidence occurrence;

[0057] The first type of subsidence source includes the fault intersection area and the coal pillar failure area;

[0058] The second type of subsidence source includes the historical goaf and the potential key stratum fracture area;

[0059] The third type is the stable coal pillar area.

[0060] In this embodiment, three types of subsidence sources divided according to the probability of subsidence occurrence are introduced.

[0061] Specifically, the first type of subsidence source includes the fault intersection area and the coal pillar failure area. More specifically, the fault intersection area refers to the complex geological structure area formed by the intersection and cutting of two or more faults. Local stress fields usually form at the fault intersection points, which may lead to higher stress concentration and increase the possibility of subsidence in this area. The coal pillar failure area refers to the area where, during the underground coal mining process, due to the redistribution of stress, the coal pillar (the coal body used to support the roof and side walls) loses its bearing capacity and then undergoes damage or deformation. When the coal pillar fails, serious accidents such as roof collapse and roadway deformation may occur. Therefore, the first type of subsidence source is the area with a high probability of subsidence occurrence, and these areas are most likely to form subsidence disturbance areas.

[0062] Specifically, the second type of subsidence source includes historical mined - out areas and potentially critical - layer fracture regions. More specifically, historical mined - out areas refer to underground space regions where mining activities have been carried out in the past but have now ceased. Due to long - term mining activities, the stratum structure in these areas has undergone significant changes, which may trigger a series of geological disasters and engineering problems, such as ground subsidence, collapse, and groundwater level changes. Potentially critical - layer fracture regions refer to specific areas in underground mining where, due to stress redistribution, critical layers may rupture or become unstable. Critical layers usually refer to those rock layers with high strength, large thickness, and playing a supporting role in the stratum. When these critical layers are damaged, serious geological disasters may be triggered, such as roof collapse and ground subsidence. Therefore, the second type of subsidence source is an area with a relatively high probability of subsidence, and these areas may form self - recovery areas or subsidence disturbance areas.

[0063] Specifically, the third type of subsidence source is the stable coal - pillar area. The stable coal - pillar area refers to the coal - pillar area that maintains structural integrity and bearing capacity through reasonable design and layout during underground coal - mine mining. Therefore, the third type of subsidence source is an area with a relatively low probability of subsidence.

[0064] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the subsidence classification of the surface is based on determining the carbon - phosphorus ratio, carbon - nitrogen ratio, or nitrogen - phosphorus ratio of the surface after grid - dividing the surface of the mining area.

[0065] In this embodiment, the subsidence classification of the surface is based on determining the carbon - phosphorus ratio, carbon - nitrogen ratio, or nitrogen - phosphorus ratio of the surface after grid - dividing the surface of the mining area. Since the carbon - phosphorus ratio, carbon - nitrogen ratio, or nitrogen - phosphorus ratio of the surface changes with the mining years, and the change trends in the self - repair area and the subsidence disturbance area are somewhat different, after grid - dividing the surface, determining the subsidence classification through the carbon - phosphorus ratio, carbon - nitrogen ratio, or nitrogen - phosphorus ratio can make the classification result more accurate.

[0066] Specifically, grid - dividing and calculating by region is a common calculation method, and the simulated annealing algorithm used in the present invention also calculates for each grid.

[0067] Specifically, the nitrogen - phosphorus ratio is the ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus, and the carbon - nitrogen ratio and carbon - phosphorus ratio are the ratios of organic matter to total nitrogen and total phosphorus respectively. Total soil phosphorus can be determined according to the requirements of "Determination of Total Phosphorus in Soil - Alkaline Fusion - Molybdenum Antimony Anti - Spectrophotometric Method: HJ632 - 2011"; total soil nitrogen can be determined according to the provisions of "Soil Quality - Determination of Total Nitrogen - Kjeldahl Method: HJ717 - 2014"; soil organic matter can be determined using the potassium dichromate oxidation method in "Determination of Soil Organic Matter: NY / T1121.6 - 2006".

[0068] Specifically, the carbon-phosphorus ratio on the ground surface shows different changes with the mining of the mining area. In the self-repair area, the carbon-phosphorus ratio on the ground surface increases with the increase of the mining years; in the subsidence disturbance area, the carbon-phosphorus ratio on the ground surface first increases and then decreases with the increase of the reclamation years.

[0069] Specifically, with the increase of the mining years, the carbon-nitrogen ratio on the ground surface in the self-repair area is significantly higher than that in the subsidence disturbance area.

[0070] Specifically, the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio on the ground surface first increases and then decreases with the increase of the mining years, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio in the subsidence disturbance area is significantly higher than that in the self-repair area.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present invention, when using the simulated annealing algorithm to determine the first subsidence model set, the subsidence at the first time point is classified as the subsidence source of the collapse for several roadways closest to the subsidence disturbance area, and the surface subsidence amount and subsidence type at full subsidence are calculated by the probability integral method;

[0072] After that, by changing the subsidence source of the collapse, the corresponding surface subsidence amount is obtained;

[0073] The objective function used in the simulated annealing algorithm is the first approximation degree, and the first approximation degree is the difference value between the surface subsidence type calculated based on the selected collapse source and the actual surface subsidence type;

[0074] The subsidence type is obtained at least based on the coal seam thickness and the subsidence coefficient.

[0075] In this embodiment, when determining the first subsidence model set, the simulated annealing algorithm is specifically used to determine that, at the first time point, the subsidence is classified as the subsidence source of the collapse for multiple roadways closest to the subsidence disturbance area, and then the probability integral method is used to calculate the surface subsidence amount and subsidence type at full subsidence. Finally, by changing the subsidence source of the collapse, the corresponding surface subsidence amount is obtained.

[0076] Specifically, the objective function of the simulated annealing algorithm used in this embodiment is the first approximation degree. The first approximation degree is the difference value between the surface subsidence type calculated based on the selected collapse source and the actual surface subsidence type. That is to say, the objective function is a measurement method for the difference between the calculated surface subsidence type and the actual surface subsidence type, and methods such as the sum of absolute differences and the sum of squared differences can be used.

[0077] Specifically, the Probability Integral Transform (PIT) is an important method in statistics, mainly used to transform random variables into a uniform distribution. This method is based on the properties of the cumulative distribution function (CDF), that is, any continuous random variable will obtain a random variable that follows a uniform distribution on the interval (0, 1) after being transformed by its own cumulative distribution function. This method is based on statistical theory and a large number of observational data, assuming that rock strata failure and surface subsidence follow a certain probability distribution law, and it is a method widely used in the calculation of surface movement and deformation caused by mine exploitation.

[0078] Specifically, when calculating the surface subsidence amount during complete subsidence, multiple rapid calculation methods can be adopted. For example, in one embodiment, when considering the coal seam mining thickness, coal seam dip angle, and subsidence coefficient, the formula is used for calculation, where is the surface subsidence amount during complete subsidence, m is the coal seam mining thickness, q is the subsidence coefficient, A is the coal seam dip angle. The subsidence coefficient is an empirical coefficient that measures the surface subsidence amount per unit mining thickness and reflects the impact degree of mining on the surface under specific geological conditions. It is usually obtained through on-site measurement or historical data statistics, and its range can vary from 0.1 to 0.9, depending on factors such as geological conditions and lithology.

[0079] For another example, in another embodiment, when considering the mining thickness and mining depth, the formula is used for calculation, where W is the subsidence amount, k is the empirical coefficient, m is the mining thickness, and H is the mining depth. The empirical coefficient varies according to different geological conditions and mining methods. In some other embodiments, finite element calculation methods can also be used.

[0080] Specifically, the subsidence type is determined based at least on the coal seam thickness and the subsidence coefficient. The coal seam thickness refers to the actual thickness of the coal seam being mined, which directly affects the scale and severity of surface subsidence. Generally speaking, the thicker the coal seam, the greater the possible surface subsidence after mining.

[0081] Specifically, through the method in this embodiment, the collapse subsidence amount of the subsidence disturbance area in different mining areas can be quickly estimated using existing data, and compared with the actual collapse situation to obtain the first subsidence model that matches the subsidence classification at the first time point.

[0082] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the process of determining the second set of subsidence models includes:

[0083] Select a model from the first set of subsidence models, obtain the corresponding collapse area, and mark the corresponding roadway as collapsed;

[0084] After that, by changing the state of the subsidence source in the collapse source to an uncollapsed subsidence source, collapse it to obtain the corresponding surface subsidence amount;

[0085] The objective function used in the simulated annealing algorithm is the second approximation degree, and the second approximation degree is the difference value between the surface subsidence type calculated based on the selected collapse source and the actual surface subsidence type;

[0086] The subsidence type is obtained at least based on the coal seam thickness and the subsidence coefficient.

[0087] In this embodiment, the determination process of the second subsidence model set is introduced. First, select a model from the first subsidence model set and obtain the corresponding collapse area. Secondly, mark the roadway corresponding to the collapse area as collapsed. Finally, by changing the state of the collapse source to an uncollapsed subsidence source, use the simulated annealing algorithm to perform collapse simulation and obtain the corresponding subsidence amount.

[0088] Specifically, the models in the first subsidence model set are classified by subsidence that matches the actual collapse situation at the first time point. Therefore, by using one of the models in the first subsidence model, the collapsed areas in the mining area can be known and the corresponding areas can be marked as collapsed.

[0089] Specifically, through the collapsed area, find the corresponding uncollapsed roadway, use the simulated annealing algorithm to perform collapse simulation on the uncollapsed area, and obtain the corresponding surface subsidence amount. Thus, the surface subsidence classification situation of the corresponding area at the second time point is obtained, forming the second subsidence model set. More specifically, the distribution of the underground subsidence types in the second subsidence model set is further optimized based on the data in the first subsidence model, which reflects the possible underground collapse situation at the second time point and is used to predict the subsequent potential collapse types based on this.

[0090] Specifically, the objective function of the simulated annealing algorithm is the second approximation degree, and the second approximation degree is the difference value between the surface subsidence type calculated based on the selected collapse source and the actual surface subsidence type. More specifically, there are many ways to calculate the difference value. For example, in some embodiments, calculate the subsidence type of each grid at the second time point, compare the calculated subsidence type with the actual subsidence type. If they are the same, record it as 1, otherwise record it as 0. Compare the calculated numbers, and if the resulting number is m, then the difference value is 1 - m. Another example is that in some other embodiments, calculate the subsidence height of each grid at the second time point, compare it with the actual subsidence height at the second time point, obtain the ratio of the corresponding calculated height value to the actual height value. If the ratio is greater than 1, record it as 1, otherwise record it as 0. Record the ratio as the value corresponding to the grid. Compare the calculated numbers, and if the resulting value is m, then 1 - m is its difference value.

[0091] Specifically, the subsidence type is determined based on at least the coal seam thickness and the subsidence coefficient.

[0092] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the subsidence models of the first subsidence model set and the second subsidence model set further include the collapse ratio of the subsidence source.

[0093] In this actual example, the subsidence models of the first subsidence model set and the second subsidence model set further include the collapse ratio of the subsidence source. Specifically, in the actual scenario, not all roadways under the disturbed subsidence area will completely collapse, and there will also be cases where a certain area or a certain height collapses. For example, the roadway may not collapse completely, and a collapse ratio can be considered when calculating, so that the calculated surface subsidence amount is lower than that during complete subsidence.

[0094] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first approximation or the second approximation is the difference value of the proportion of the same type of collapse area.

[0095] In this embodiment, the first approximation or the second approximation can also be the difference value of the proportion of the same type of collapse area. That is, it is the difference between the proportion of the collapse area obtained based on the selected subsidence source in the mining area and the proportion of the actual same type of collapse area in the mining area.

[0096] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the potential subsidence disturbance area includes an area that has not collapsed at the second time point and the collapse ratio of the adjacent area is lower than the first threshold. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second model set is sorted based on the ascending order of the collapse ratio in the second subsidence model set, and the model with the lowest collapse ratio is obtained as the prediction benchmark. In this embodiment, the potential subsidence disturbance area also includes an area that has not collapsed at the second time point and the collapse ratio of the adjacent area is lower than the first threshold.

[0097] Specifically, the collapse ratio refers to the proportion of the collapsed area among all the subsidence sources.

[0098] Specifically, in the actual scenario, when a certain area in the mining area collapses, a relatively stable structure will actually form in its adjacent area. Therefore, an area that has not occurred at the second time point and the collapse ratio of its adjacent area is relatively low can be regarded as a potential subsidence disturbance area, that is, it may collapse.

[0099] Specifically, all the models in the second subsidence model set are sorted in ascending order according to the collapse ratio. At this time, the models with a higher collapse ratio are actually more stable than the models with a lower collapse ratio. Therefore, the model with the lowest collapse ratio is selected as the prediction benchmark. This can make the prediction of the potential subsidence disturbance area more reasonable.

[0100] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the object of applying ecological restoration measures is the area where the subsidence type has changed to a subsidence disturbance area.

[0101] In this embodiment, the object of applying ecological restoration measures is introduced. Specifically, it is the area where the subsidence type has changed to a subsidence disturbance area. More specifically, in the actual mining scenario, when the subsided area is below a certain threshold, the ecological environment of the subsidence area can be self-repaired. For example, if a 10-meter roadway has subsided, but the ground surface has only subsided by 1 meter to form a stable structure, in this case, no ecological restoration measures need to be implemented, and these areas correspond to the self-repair areas. When the subsidence exceeds a certain height, it severely damages the surface ecosystem, and then ecological restoration measures are required. For example, when the ground surface subsides by more than 3 meters, the vegetation will shift, the light will be affected, which will in turn affect the microbial system, and the various elemental components in the soil will also be affected, making it difficult for the ecology to repair itself, and then artificial intervention is needed to implement ecological restoration measures, and these areas correspond to the subsidence disturbance areas. Therefore, when the subsidence type of a certain area is changed to a subsidence disturbance area, ecological restoration measures need to be carried out in this area.

[0102] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: through a method for maintaining the ecological environment in a mining area based on simulating surface subsidence of the present invention, it can effectively simulate the generation of the subsidence disturbance area in the mining area, so as to quickly distinguish the self-repair area and the subsidence disturbance area in the mining area, enabling targeted ecological restoration measures to be carried out for the subsidence disturbance area, which not only protects the ecological environment of the mining area but also greatly reduces the restoration cost.

[0103] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the modules and algorithm steps described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present invention.

[0104] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described devices and equipment can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0105] In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or modules can be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0106] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0107] In addition, each functional module in the embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into a processing module, or each module can exist physically alone, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0108] If the functions are implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method for sending / receiving energy-saving signals in each embodiment of the present invention. The foregoing storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0109] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and an explanation of the applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present application is not limited to the technical solution formed by the specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the technical solutions formed by mutually replacing the above features with the (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present application.

[0110] It should be understood that the magnitudes of the sequence numbers of the steps in the summary of the invention and the embodiments of the present invention do not absolutely indicate the sequence of execution. The execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention. For purposes of illustration and description, the foregoing description of the implementation of the present disclosure has been given. The foregoing description is not exhaustive and is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the exact form disclosed. According to the above teachings, various variations and modifications may exist, or various variations and modifications may be obtained from the practice of the present disclosure. These embodiments are selected and described to illustrate the principles of the present disclosure and its practical applications, so that those skilled in the art can utilize the present disclosure in various embodiments and various modifications suitable for the specific purposes conceived.

Claims

1. A method for ecological maintenance in mining areas based on simulated surface subsidence, characterized in that, Including: Determine potential subsidence sources based on the distribution information of roadways in the mine map; Determine the subsidence classification of the ground surface at the first time point and the second time point; The interval between the first time point and the second time point is greater than 6 months; Use the simulated annealing algorithm to determine the first set of subsidence models that match the subsidence classification at the first time point based on the potential subsidence sources; Determine the second set of subsidence models based on the first set of subsidence models, the simulated annealing algorithm, and the subsidence classification of the ground surface at the second time point; Based on the second set of subsidence models, determine the potential subsidence disturbance areas where the subsidence type changes within the first time period, and apply ecological restoration measures; The subsidence classification includes the original ground surface, the self-repair area, and the subsidence disturbance area; The first set of subsidence models and the second set of subsidence models include the subsidence areas caused by the subsidence sources; 2. The method for maintaining the ecological environment of a mining area based on simulating surface subsidence according to claim 1, characterized in that, The subsidence sources are divided into the first type of subsidence source, the second type of subsidence source, and the third type of subsidence source according to the subsidence occurrence probability; The first type of subsidence source includes the fault intersection area and the coal pillar failure area; The second type of subsidence source includes the historical goaf and the potential key stratum fracture area; The third type of subsidence source is the stable coal pillar area; 3. The method for ecological maintenance in mining areas based on simulated ground subsidence according to claim 1, characterized in that, The subsidence classification of the ground surface is determined based on the carbon-phosphorus ratio, carbon-nitrogen ratio, or nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the ground surface after grid division of the mining area surface; 4. The method for ecological maintenance in mining areas based on simulated ground subsidence according to claim 1, wherein, When using the simulated annealing algorithm to determine the first set of subsidence models, several roadways and goafs closest to the subsidence disturbance area classified at the first time point are used as the subsidence sources of the collapse, and the probability integral method is used to calculate the ground surface subsidence amount and subsidence type during complete subsidence; After that, by changing the subsidence source of the collapse, the corresponding ground surface subsidence amount is obtained; The objective function used in the simulated annealing algorithm is the first approximation degree, and the first approximation degree is the difference value between the ground surface subsidence type calculated based on the selected subsidence source and the actual ground surface subsidence type; The subsidence type is obtained based on at least the coal seam thickness and the subsidence coefficient; 5. A method for ecological maintenance in mining areas based on simulated surface subsidence, as described in claim 1, characterized in that The process of determining the second set of subsidence models includes: Select a model from the first set of subsidence models, obtain the corresponding subsidence area, and mark the corresponding roadway as collapsed; After that, by changing the state of the subsidence source that is not collapsed in the subsidence source to collapsed, collapse it to obtain the corresponding ground surface subsidence amount; The objective function used in the simulated annealing algorithm is the second approximation degree, and the second approximation degree is the difference value between the ground surface subsidence type calculated based on the selected subsidence source and the actual ground surface subsidence type; The subsidence type is obtained based on at least the coal seam thickness and the subsidence coefficient; 6. The method for ecological maintenance in mining areas based on simulated surface subsidence according to claim 1, characterized in that, The subsidence models of the first set of subsidence models and the second set of subsidence models also include the collapse ratio of the subsidence source; 7. A method for maintaining the ecological environment in a mining area based on simulating surface subsidence, as claimed in claim 1, wherein The first approximation degree or the second approximation degree is the difference value of the proportion of the same type of subsidence area; 8. The method for maintaining the ecological environment in a mining area based on simulating surface subsidence as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The potential subsidence disturbance area includes the area that is not collapsed at the second time point and the collapse ratio of the adjacent area is lower than the first threshold; 9. The method for maintaining the ecological environment of a mining area based on simulating surface subsidence according to claim 8, characterized in that, Sort the second model set based on the collapse ratio from low to high in the second set of subsidence models, and obtain the model with the lowest collapse ratio as the prediction benchmark; 10. A method for ecological maintenance in mining areas based on simulating surface subsidence, as described in claim 1, wherein The object of applying ecological restoration measures is the area where the subsidence type changes to the subsidence disturbance area.

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