Intelligent fertilization technical measure and method for improving fertilizer utilization rate

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and discloses an intelligent fertilization technical measure and method for improving the fertilizer utilization rate, and the intelligent fertilization technical measure comprises a soil sensor module which is used for monitoring various parameters of soil in real time, including but not limited to soil nutrient content, soil humidity, soil acidity and alkalinity, soil temperature and soil texture; the soil sensor module can collect monitored parameter data with high precision and high frequency, and transmit the data to the central control unit through the wireless communication module; the fertilizer storage and conveying module is internally provided with a plurality of independent fertilizer storage bins, and each storage bin can store different types of fertilizers. According to the present invention, the type, the use amount and the application time of the fertilizer can be precisely controlled according to the growth requirements of different crops and the soil state through the precise fertilization mode so as to ensure the efficient absorption of the fertilizer by the crops, such that the fertilizer utilization rate is significantly improved, and compared with the traditional fertilization mode, the fertilizer waste can be reduced, and the agricultural production cost can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and specifically to a technical measure and method for intelligent fertilization to improve fertilizer utilization rate. Background Art

[0002] In modern agricultural production, reasonable fertilization is one of the key factors to improve crop yield and quality. However, traditional fertilization methods often rely on farmers' experience and feeling, lacking precise understanding of soil nutrient status and crop growth requirements, resulting in great blindness and waste in fertilizer application. This extensive fertilization method not only increases agricultural production costs, but also causes soil and water pollution due to excessive fertilizer application, having a negative impact on the environment. With the development of technology, some automated fertilization technologies have emerged, such as time-based or sensor-based fertilization systems, which can improve the accuracy and efficiency of fertilization to a certain extent. However, most of the existing automated fertilization technologies have the following problems: First, the accuracy and stability of sensors are insufficient, making it difficult to accurately reflect the true state of the soil; second, the fertilization algorithm is simple, lacking comprehensive consideration of crop growth models and fertilizer formulas, and it is difficult to achieve true intelligent fertilization; third, the operation and maintenance of the system are complex and not easy for farmers to master and use.

[0003] Therefore, how to develop an intelligent fertilization system that can real-time monitor soil parameters, precisely control fertilizer application, and has a high level of automation and intelligence has become an important direction for the development of modern agricultural technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a technical measure and method for intelligent fertilization to improve fertilizer utilization rate, and solves the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A technical measure for intelligent fertilization to improve fertilizer utilization rate, including:

[0006] A soil sensor module for real-time monitoring of various soil parameters, including but not limited to soil nutrient content, soil humidity, soil pH, soil temperature, and soil texture. The soil sensor module can collect the monitored parameter data with high precision and high frequency, and transmit the data to the central control unit through a wireless communication module;

[0007] A fertilizer storage and conveying module, which has multiple independent fertilizer storage bins inside. Each storage bin can store different types of fertilizers, and each storage bin is equipped with a high-precision weighing sensor and a conveying device with adjustable flow rate. The conveying device can precisely control the conveying amount of different fertilizers according to the instructions of the central control unit, and convey the fertilizers to the fertilization nozzle through a conveying pipeline;

[0008] A fertilizer spray head, which is a porous rotary spray head, can adjust the rotation speed and spraying angle of the spray head according to the growth stage and planting density of crops to achieve precise fertilization. The fertilizer spray head is also equipped with a flow sensor and a pressure sensor for real-time monitoring of the flow rate and pressure during the fertilization process and feedback of the data to the central control unit;

[0009] The central control unit is connected to the soil sensor module, the fertilizer storage and conveying module, and the fertilizer spray head through a wireless communication module. The central control unit is built-in with an intelligent fertilization algorithm, which can calculate the optimal fertilization plan according to the soil parameter data transmitted by the soil sensor module, combined with the preset crop growth model and fertilizer formula, and send control instructions to the fertilizer storage and conveying module and the fertilizer spray head. The central control unit also has the functions of data storage and analysis, can store and analyze various data during the fertilization process, generate a fertilization report, and can be remotely accessed and controlled through a mobile terminal or a computer;

[0010] The data analysis and decision support module can deeply analyze various data during the fertilization process and generate a detailed fertilization report, including the change trend of soil parameters, fertilization amount statistics, crop growth comparison analysis, and fertilizer utilization rate evaluation, etc.

[0011] Preferably, the soil sensor module includes multiple different types of sensors. Among them, the soil nutrient sensor can detect the content of main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, as well as the content of trace elements. The soil humidity sensor uses a high-precision capacitive or resistive sensor, which can accurately measure the soil humidity under different soil textures and temperature conditions. The soil pH sensor uses a glass electrode or a composite electrode, which can quickly respond to the change of soil pH. The soil temperature sensor is prepared by using a high-precision thermistor, which can real-time monitor the change of soil temperature. The soil texture sensor judges the texture type of the soil by measuring parameters such as the resistivity and dielectric constant of the soil, combined with the preset soil texture model, providing a more accurate basis for the formulation of the fertilization plan.

[0012] Preferably, a moisture-proof and anti-caking device is provided in the fertilizer storage bin of the fertilizer storage and conveying module to prevent the fertilizer from getting damp and caking. The conveying device uses a high-precision metering pump or a screw pump, which can accurately control the conveying amount of the fertilizer according to the instructions of the central control unit.

[0013] Preferably, the porous rotary nozzle of the fertilizer spraying nozzle adopts a special nozzle hole design, which can make the fertilizer solution form uniform mist particles, improve the diffusion range and uniformity of the fertilizer, and the adjustment ranges of the rotation speed and spraying angle of the nozzle are 0-3600 r / min and 0-90° respectively, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the growth stage and planting density of the crops to achieve precise fertilization.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent fertilization algorithm of the central control unit comprehensively considers various factors such as soil parameters, crop growth models, fertilizer formulas, and meteorological data. It can dynamically adjust the fertilization plan according to the growth needs of different crops and soil conditions. The central control unit is connected to the soil sensor module, fertilizer storage and conveying module, and fertilizer spraying nozzle through a wireless communication module, and its communication frequency can be adjusted according to actual needs to ensure the timeliness and stability of data transmission. The central control unit has a fault diagnosis and alarm function, which can monitor the operating status of each component of the system in real time. When a fault occurs, it will send an alarm signal in time and send the fault information to the user through a mobile terminal or computer, which is convenient for the user to repair and process in time.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a meteorological monitoring module for real-time monitoring of meteorological data, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, and light intensity; the meteorological monitoring module transmits the monitored meteorological data to the central control unit, and the central control unit comprehensively judges the best timing and fertilization amount of fertilization according to the meteorological data and soil parameters.

[0016] Preferably, it further includes a crop growth monitoring module for real-time monitoring of the growth status of the crops, including the height, number of leaves, leaf color, stem thickness, and root development of the crops. The crop growth monitoring module transmits the monitored crop growth data to the central control unit, and the central control unit combines the soil parameters and meteorological data to dynamically adjust the fertilization plan according to the crop growth model and nutritional requirements.

[0017] Preferably, it further includes an energy management module, which can monitor and manage the energy of various devices in the fertilization system, optimize the operation mode of the devices, and reduce energy consumption.

[0018] An intelligent fertilization method for improving fertilizer utilization rate includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. Through the soil sensor module, various parameters of the soil are monitored in real time, including soil nutrient content, soil humidity, soil pH, soil temperature, and soil texture. The soil sensor module collects the monitored parameter data with high precision and high frequency, and transmits the data to the central control unit through a wireless communication module;

[0020] S2. The central control unit calculates the optimal fertilization plan according to the received soil parameter data, combines the preset crop growth model and fertilizer formula, and uses the built-in intelligent fertilization algorithm.

[0021] S3. According to the instructions of the central control unit, the fertilizer storage and transportation module precisely controls the delivery volume of different fertilizers through high-precision weighing sensors and adjustable-flow delivery devices, and transports the fertilizers to the fertilization nozzles. The fertilization nozzles adjust the rotation speed and spraying angle of the nozzles according to the growth stage and planting density of the crops, and evenly spray the fertilizers onto the root area of the crops.

[0022] S4. During the fertilization process, the fertilization nozzles monitor the flow rate and pressure of fertilization in real time through flow sensors and pressure sensors, and feed the data back to the central control unit. The central control unit dynamically adjusts the fertilization parameters according to the feedback data to ensure the accuracy and uniformity of fertilization.

[0023] S5. The central control unit stores and analyzes the data during the fertilization process, generates a fertilization report, including the change trend of soil parameters, fertilization volume statistics, crop growth comparison analysis, and fertilizer utilization rate evaluation, etc. The central control unit also predicts the growth trend and fertilizer demand of the crops according to historical data and current data, and provides scientific fertilization suggestions and decision-making support for users.

[0024] S6. The meteorological monitoring module monitors meteorological data in real time, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, and light intensity. The crop growth monitoring module monitors the growth status of the crops in real time, including the height, number of leaves, leaf color, stem thickness, and root development of the crops. The central control unit dynamically adjusts the fertilization plan according to the meteorological data and crop growth data.

[0025] S7. Users can view information such as soil parameters, fertilization process, crop growth status, and meteorological data in real time through the remote monitoring module. At the same time, users can also manually control the fertilization system or adjust the fertilization parameters through the remote monitoring module.

[0026] The present invention provides a technical measure and method for intelligent fertilization to improve fertilizer utilization rate. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The present invention monitors various parameters of the soil in real time through a soil sensor module, combines a crop growth model and a fertilizer formula, and uses an intelligent fertilization algorithm of a central control unit to dynamically adjust the fertilization plan. This precise fertilization method can accurately control the type, dosage, and application time of fertilizers according to the growth requirements of different crops and the soil conditions, ensuring that fertilizers are efficiently absorbed by crops, thereby significantly improving the fertilizer utilization rate. Compared with traditional fertilization methods, the present invention can reduce fertilizer waste, lower agricultural production costs, and at the same time reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization, with significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0028] 2. The intelligent fertilization system of the present invention has a high level of automation and intelligence. Through real-time data collection by soil sensors, meteorological monitoring modules, and crop growth monitoring modules, the system can comprehensively grasp the soil, meteorological, and crop growth conditions, and accordingly dynamically adjust the fertilization plan. The porous rotary design of the fertilization nozzle and the adjustable rotation speed and spraying angle can achieve precise fertilization according to the growth stage and planting density of crops. In addition, the data storage and analysis function of the central control unit and the convenient operation of the remote monitoring module enable users to master the fertilization situation and make manual adjustments at any time and place, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of fertilization management, and providing a scientific and efficient management means for agricultural production.

[0029] 3. The present invention is equipped with an energy management module that can monitor and manage the energy of various devices in the fertilization system. By optimizing the operation mode of the devices, the system can minimize energy consumption on the premise of ensuring the fertilization effect. In addition, the energy management module also has the function of accessing renewable energy such as solar energy or wind energy, which can use renewable energy as backup energy to further improve the energy utilization efficiency and sustainability of the system. This energy optimization design not only reduces the dependence of agricultural production on traditional energy but also reduces the operating cost, making the intelligent fertilization system more advantageous in terms of economy and environmental protection, and providing strong support for the sustainable development of agricultural production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is the overall flowchart of the intelligent fertilization system of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is the interaction flowchart between the soil sensor module and the central control unit of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is the fertilization process control flowchart of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is the flowchart of the intelligent fertilization method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] Next, in combination with the accompanying drawings of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 4 , the embodiments of the present invention provide a technical measure for intelligent fertilization to improve fertilizer utilization rate, including:

[0036] A soil sensor module for real-time monitoring of various soil parameters, including but not limited to soil nutrient content, soil humidity, soil pH value, soil temperature, and soil texture. The soil sensor module can collect the monitored parameter data with high precision and high frequency and transmit the data to the central control unit through a wireless communication module;

[0037] The soil sensor module includes multiple different types of sensors. Among them, the soil nutrient sensor can detect the content of main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, as well as the content of trace elements. The soil humidity sensor uses a high-precision capacitive or resistive sensor and can accurately measure the soil humidity under different soil textures and temperature conditions. The soil pH sensor uses a glass electrode or a composite electrode and can quickly respond to changes in soil pH. The soil temperature sensor is prepared with a high-precision thermistor and can monitor the change of soil temperature in real time. The soil texture sensor judges the texture type of the soil by measuring parameters such as the resistivity and dielectric constant of the soil and combining a preset soil texture model, providing a more accurate basis for formulating a fertilization plan.

[0038] Specifically, the soil sensor module is responsible for real-time monitoring of various key soil parameters, which can help formulate a more accurate fertilization plan.

[0039] The monitored parameters include:

[0040] Soil nutrient content: Monitor the content of main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, as well as the content of trace elements.

[0041] Soil humidity: Measure the soil humidity through a high-precision capacitive or resistive sensor. Soil humidity directly affects the water absorption of plants and the dissolution and absorption of fertilizers.

[0042] Soil pH value: Use a glass electrode or a composite electrode to quickly respond to changes in soil pH. The pH of the soil affects the availability of nutrients and the growth of plants.

[0043] Soil temperature: The soil temperature is monitored in real time using a high-precision thermistor. Soil temperature affects microbial activity and the rate of nutrient transformation.

[0044] Soil texture: By measuring parameters such as the resistivity and dielectric constant of the soil and combining with a preset soil texture model, the type of soil texture is determined. Soil texture affects the water and nutrient retention capacity.

[0045] The soil sensor module can collect the above parameter data with high precision and high frequency, and transmit the data to the central control unit through a wireless communication module. This wireless transmission method improves the flexibility and scalability of the system.

[0046] The central control unit receives the data from the soil sensor module, combines the crop growth model and fertilizer formula, and uses the built-in intelligent fertilization algorithm to calculate the optimal fertilization plan. Then, it sends control instructions to the fertilizer storage and delivery module and the fertilization nozzle to achieve precise fertilization.

[0047] By accurately monitoring the soil conditions, over-fertilization can be avoided, thus improving the utilization rate of fertilizers.

[0048] At the same time, reducing unnecessary fertilizer use can reduce the impact on the environment (such as groundwater pollution).

[0049] The fertilizer storage and delivery module has multiple independent fertilizer storage bins inside. Each storage bin can store different types of fertilizers, and each storage bin is equipped with a high-precision weighing sensor and a delivery device with adjustable flow rate. The delivery device can accurately control the delivery amount of different fertilizers according to the instructions of the central control unit, and deliver the fertilizers to the fertilization nozzle through the delivery pipeline; a moisture-proof and anti-caking device is provided in the fertilizer storage bin of the fertilizer storage and delivery module to prevent the fertilizer from getting damp and caking. The delivery device uses a high-precision metering pump or screw pump, which can accurately control the delivery amount of the fertilizer according to the instructions of the central control unit.

[0050] Specifically, the fertilizer storage and delivery module is responsible for storing different types of fertilizers and accurately controlling the delivery amount of the fertilizers according to the instructions of the central control unit to achieve precise fertilization.

[0051] There are multiple independent storage bins inside the module. Each storage bin can store different types of fertilizers, such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer or trace element fertilizer. This design allows the system to flexibly select and mix fertilizers according to the growth stages of different crops and the specific needs of the soil.

[0052] Each storage bin is equipped with a high-precision weighing sensor to monitor the remaining amount and delivery amount of the fertilizer. These sensors ensure the accurate control of the fertilizer delivery amount and avoid over-fertilization or under-fertilization.

[0053] The conveying device can accurately control the conveying amounts of different fertilizers according to the instructions of the central control unit.

[0054] The fertilizer storage bin is equipped with moisture-proof and anti-caking devices to prevent the fertilizer from getting damp and caking, and to maintain the fluidity and effectiveness of the fertilizer. The conveying device uses high-precision metering pumps or screw pumps, which can accurately control the conveying amount of the fertilizer according to the instructions of the central control unit. Metering pumps and screw pumps are suitable for occasions that require precise control of fluid conveying amounts due to their high precision and reliability.

[0055] The fertilizer spraying nozzle is a multi-hole rotary nozzle, which can adjust the rotation speed and spraying angle of the nozzle according to the growth stage and planting density of the crops to achieve precise fertilization. The fertilizer spraying nozzle is also equipped with a flow sensor and a pressure sensor to monitor the flow rate and pressure during the fertilization process in real time and feed the data back to the central control unit; the multi-hole rotary nozzle of the fertilizer spraying nozzle adopts a special nozzle hole design, which can make the fertilizer solution form uniform mist-like particles, improve the diffusion range and uniformity of the fertilizer, and the adjustment ranges of the rotation speed and spraying angle of the nozzle are 0 - 3600 r / min and 0 - 90° respectively, and can be flexibly adjusted according to the growth stage and planting density of the crops to achieve precise fertilization.

[0056] Specifically, the rotation speed and spraying angle of the nozzle can be flexibly adjusted. This flexibility enables the nozzle to be optimally set according to the growth stage and planting density of different crops to achieve precise fertilization. For example, for densely planted crops, a smaller spraying angle and a higher rotation speed are required to ensure that the fertilizer evenly covers the root area of the crops.

[0057] The nozzle adopts a special nozzle hole design, which can make the fertilizer solution form uniform mist-like particles. This atomization treatment can increase the diffusion range of the fertilizer and improve the uniformity of fertilizer distribution, thereby improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer. The fertilizer spraying nozzle is also equipped with a flow sensor and a pressure sensor, which are used to monitor the flow rate and pressure during the fertilization process in real time. The monitored data is fed back to the central control unit, and the central control unit can dynamically adjust the fertilization parameters according to these feedback information to ensure the accuracy and uniformity of fertilization.

[0058] It has the following technical advantages:

[0059] Improve the fertilizer utilization rate. By precisely controlling the spraying position, amount and uniformity of the fertilizer, the fertilizer utilization rate can be significantly improved and fertilizer waste can be reduced.

[0060] Reduce environmental pollution. Precise fertilization reduces environmental pollution caused by over-fertilization, such as groundwater pollution and soil acidification.

[0061] Strong adaptability. The design of the fertilizer spraying nozzle enables it to adapt to different crops and planting conditions, increasing the flexibility and applicability of the system.

[0062] Automation and intelligence. The operation of the fertilizer spraying nozzle is automatically controlled by the central control unit, reducing manual intervention and improving the efficiency and accuracy of fertilization.

[0063] The central control unit is connected to the soil sensor module, the fertilizer storage and delivery module, and the fertilizer spraying nozzle through a wireless communication module. The central control unit is built-in with an intelligent fertilization algorithm, which can calculate the optimal fertilization plan based on the soil parameter data transmitted by the soil sensor module, combined with the preset crop growth model and fertilizer formula, and send control instructions to the fertilizer storage and delivery module and the fertilizer spraying nozzle. The central control unit also has data storage and analysis functions, which can store and analyze various data during the fertilization process, generate fertilization reports, and can be remotely accessed and controlled through a mobile terminal or a computer;

[0064] Specifically, the central control unit is connected to the soil sensor module, the fertilizer storage and delivery module, and the fertilizer spraying nozzle through a wireless communication module. This wireless connection method makes the system more flexible, easier to install and expand, and also reduces the complexity of wiring. The built-in intelligent fertilization algorithm can calculate the optimal fertilization plan based on the soil parameter data (such as soil nutrient content, humidity, pH, temperature, and texture) transmitted by the soil sensor module, combined with the preset crop growth model and fertilizer formula. According to the calculated optimal fertilization plan, the central control unit sends control instructions to the fertilizer storage and delivery module and the fertilizer spraying nozzle. These instructions include the type, dosage, delivery time, and fertilization time of the fertilizer, ensuring that the fertilizer can be accurately applied according to the calculated plan.

[0065] It has the following technical advantages:

[0066] Improve fertilization accuracy. By accurately calculating and controlling the fertilization plan, the fertilization accuracy is improved, and fertilizer waste is reduced.

[0067] Optimize crop growth. Fertilize according to the actual needs of the crops, and the crops grow healthier and more efficiently.

[0068] Reduce environmental pollution. Reducing unnecessary fertilizer use can reduce the impact on the environment, such as reducing groundwater pollution.

[0069] Improve management efficiency. The remote monitoring and control functions make fertilization management more convenient and efficient, reducing the need for manual intervention.

[0070] The intelligent fertilization algorithm of the central control unit comprehensively considers various factors such as soil parameters, crop growth models, fertilizer formulas, and meteorological data. It can dynamically adjust the fertilization plan according to the growth needs of different crops and soil conditions. The central control unit is connected to the soil sensor module, fertilizer storage and delivery module, and fertilization nozzles through a wireless communication module, and its communication frequency can be adjusted according to actual needs to ensure the timeliness and stability of data transmission. The central control unit has a fault diagnosis and alarm function, which can monitor the operating status of each component of the system in real time. When a fault occurs, it will send an alarm signal in time and send the fault information to the user through a mobile terminal or computer, facilitating the user to carry out maintenance and processing in a timely manner.

[0071] Specifically, the intelligent fertilization algorithm of the central control unit can comprehensively consider various factors such as soil parameters (such as nutrient content, humidity, pH value, temperature, and texture), crop growth models, fertilizer formulas, and real-time meteorological data (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, and light intensity). This comprehensive consideration enables the algorithm to more accurately understand the growth needs of crops and the actual conditions of the soil, thereby calculating the most suitable fertilization plan for the current conditions.

[0072] It has the following technical advantages:

[0073] Improve fertilization efficiency. By comprehensively considering various factors and dynamically adjusting the fertilization plan, the efficiency and effect of fertilization are improved.

[0074] Enhance system reliability. The wireless communication and fault diagnosis functions enhance the reliability of the system and ensure the continuity and stability of the fertilization process.

[0075] Enhance user experience. Through remote monitoring and alarm notification of mobile terminals or computers, the user experience is enhanced, making fertilization management more convenient and efficient.

[0076] The data analysis and decision support module can deeply analyze various data during the fertilization process and generate detailed fertilization reports, including soil parameter change trends, fertilization amount statistics, crop growth comparison analysis, and fertilizer utilization rate evaluation, etc.

[0077] It also includes a meteorological monitoring module for real-time monitoring of meteorological data, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, and light intensity. The meteorological monitoring module transmits the monitored meteorological data to the central control unit, which comprehensively determines the best timing and amount of fertilization based on the meteorological data and soil parameters. It also includes a crop growth monitoring module for real-time monitoring of the growth status of crops, including the height of the crops, the number of leaves, the color of the leaves, the stem thickness, and the root development. The crop growth monitoring module transmits the monitored crop growth data to the central control unit, which dynamically adjusts the fertilization plan in combination with the soil parameters and meteorological data according to the crop growth model and nutritional requirements.

[0078] It also includes a crop growth monitoring module for real-time monitoring of the growth status of crops, including the height of the crops, the number of leaves, the color of the leaves, the stem thickness, and the root development. The crop growth monitoring module transmits the monitored crop growth data to the central control unit, which dynamically adjusts the fertilization plan in combination with the soil parameters and meteorological data according to the crop growth model and nutritional requirements.

[0079] Specifically, the crop growth monitoring module uses various sensors and image recognition technologies to real-time monitor the key growth indicators of crops, including:

[0080] Crop height: Monitor the growth height of the crops from sowing to maturity.

[0081] Number of leaves: The number of leaves affects the photosynthesis efficiency of the crops.

[0082] Leaf color: The leaf color can reflect the nutritional status of the crops. For example, yellowing leaves indicate nitrogen deficiency.

[0083] Stem thickness: The thickness of the stem can reflect the structural strength and growth health of the crops.

[0084] Root development: The root system is the main organ for crops to absorb water and nutrients, and its development directly affects the growth and yield of crops.

[0085] The central control unit receives the data from the crop growth monitoring module and forms a comprehensive crop growth environment model in combination with the data provided by the soil sensor module and the meteorological monitoring module.

[0086] The central control unit utilizes built-in crop growth models, which are based on agricultural scientific research and historical data, to simulate the growth process of crops under different environmental conditions. The models take into account factors such as the growth stage of the crops, environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, light), and soil conditions (such as nutrient content, pH value). According to the crop growth models and nutritional requirements, the central control unit dynamically adjusts the fertilization plan. This means that the fertilization plan is not static but is optimized in real time according to the actual growth situation of the crops and environmental conditions. For example, if it is detected that the crop leaves are yellowing, indicating a nitrogen deficiency, the central control unit will increase the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0087] It also includes an energy management module that can monitor and manage the energy of various devices in the fertilization system, optimize the operation mode of the devices, and reduce energy consumption.

[0088] Specifically, the energy management module is responsible for monitoring the energy consumption of all relevant devices in the intelligent fertilization system, including soil sensors, fertilizer storage and delivery modules, fertilization nozzles, the central control unit, etc. Through real-time monitoring, the energy usage of each device can be accurately understood, and the peak and trough periods of energy consumption can be identified.

[0089] The energy management module includes the following technical implementation methods:

[0090] Intelligent scheduling algorithm: Using an algorithm to determine when to run which devices to minimize energy consumption.

[0091] Energy storage system: Such as batteries or supercapacitors, used to store excess energy and use it when needed.

[0092] Renewable energy integration: Integrating renewable energy sources such as solar panels and wind turbines into the system to provide part or all of the energy requirements.

[0093] User interface: Providing a user interface that allows users to view the energy usage and manually adjust the energy management strategy.

[0094] A method for intelligent fertilization to improve fertilizer utilization rate includes the following steps:

[0095] S1. Real-time monitor various parameters of the soil through the soil sensor module, including soil nutrient content, soil humidity, soil acidity and alkalinity, soil temperature, and soil texture. The soil sensor module collects the monitored parameter data with high precision and high frequency and transmits the data to the central control unit through the wireless communication module;

[0096] S2. The central control unit, based on the received soil parameter data, combines the preset crop growth models and fertilizer formulas, and uses the built-in intelligent fertilization algorithm to calculate the optimal fertilization plan;

[0097] S3. According to the instructions of the central control unit, the fertilizer storage and transportation module precisely controls the delivery volume of different fertilizers through high-precision weighing sensors and adjustable-flow delivery devices, and transports the fertilizers to the fertilizer spray nozzles. The fertilizer spray nozzles adjust the rotation speed and spraying angle of the nozzles according to the growth stage and planting density of the crops, and evenly spray the fertilizers onto the root area of the crops;

[0098] S4. During the fertilization process, the fertilizer spray nozzles real-time monitor the flow rate and pressure of fertilization through flow sensors and pressure sensors, and feed back the data to the central control unit. The central control unit dynamically adjusts the fertilization parameters according to the feedback data to ensure the accuracy and uniformity of fertilization;

[0099] S5. The central control unit stores and analyzes various data during the fertilization process, generates a fertilization report, including the change trend of soil parameters, fertilization volume statistics, crop growth comparison analysis, and fertilizer utilization rate evaluation, etc. The central control unit also predicts the growth trend of crops and fertilizer requirements according to historical data and current data, and provides scientific fertilization suggestions and decision-making support for users;

[0100] S6. The meteorological monitoring module real-time monitors meteorological data, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, and light intensity. The crop growth monitoring module real-time monitors the growth status of crops, including the height of crops, the number of leaves, the color of leaves, the stem diameter, and the root development. The central control unit dynamically adjusts the fertilization plan according to the meteorological data and crop growth data;

[0101] S7. Users can real-time view information such as soil parameters, fertilization process, crop growth status, and meteorological data through the remote monitoring module. At the same time, users can also manually control the fertilization system or adjust the fertilization parameters through the remote monitoring module.

[0102] To verify the effectiveness of the intelligent fertilization system of the present invention, we conducted a one-year experiment on a 10-hectare farmland. The experimental field planted two kinds of crops, wheat and rice, and a comparative experiment of intelligent fertilization and traditional fertilization was carried out during the growth season respectively. The following is a summary of the experimental results (Table 1).

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] Table 1

[0106] The implementation steps are as follows:

[0107] System Installation and Debugging: Install soil sensor modules in the experimental field, one set per 2 mu of land, to ensure that soil parameters of the entire experimental field can be monitored in real time. Install the fertilizer storage and delivery module, including 4 fertilizer storage bins for storing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and trace element fertilizer respectively.

[0108] Install fertilizer spray nozzles, one set per 1 mu of land, to ensure that fertilizers can be evenly sprayed onto the root area of crops. Install the central control unit, connect all modules, and conduct system debugging to ensure the accuracy of data transmission and control instructions. Real-time monitor parameters such as nutrient content, humidity, pH value, temperature, and texture of the soil through the soil sensor module. Real-time monitor meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, and light intensity through the meteorological monitoring module. Real-time monitor growth data such as the height, number of leaves, leaf color, stem diameter, and root development of crops through the crop growth monitoring module.

[0109] Based on the received soil parameter data, meteorological data, and crop growth data, the central control unit combines the preset crop growth model and fertilizer formula, and uses the intelligent fertilization algorithm to calculate the optimal fertilization plan. According to the instructions of the central control unit, the fertilizer storage and delivery module precisely controls the delivery volume of different fertilizers through high-precision weighing sensors and adjustable-flow delivery devices, and transports the fertilizers to the fertilizer spray nozzles. The fertilizer spray nozzles adjust the rotation speed and spraying angle of the nozzles according to the growth stage and planting density of the crops, and evenly spray the fertilizers onto the root area of the crops.

[0110] During the fertilization process, the fertilizer spray nozzles real-time monitor the flow rate and pressure of fertilization through flow sensors and pressure sensors, and feedback the data to the central control unit. The central control unit dynamically adjusts the fertilization parameters according to the feedback data to ensure the accuracy and uniformity of fertilization.

[0111] The central control unit stores and analyzes various data during the fertilization process, generates a fertilization report, including the change trend of soil parameters, fertilization volume statistics, crop growth comparison analysis, and fertilizer utilization rate evaluation, etc. The central control unit also predicts the growth trend of crops and fertilizer requirements based on historical data and current data, and provides scientific fertilization suggestions and decision-making support for users.

[0112] Through the above embodiments, we can see that the intelligent fertilization system of the present invention has significant beneficial effects in improving fertilizer utilization rate, increasing crop yield, reducing production costs, reducing environmental pollution and energy consumption, etc., and provides a scientific and efficient management means for agricultural production.

[0113] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A technical measure for intelligent fertilization to improve fertilizer utilization, characterized in that: include: A soil sensor module is used to monitor various soil parameters in real time, including but not limited to soil nutrient content, soil moisture, soil pH, soil temperature and soil texture. The soil sensor module can collect the monitored parameter data with high accuracy and high frequency, and transmit the data to the central control unit through the wireless communication module; The fertilizer storage and delivery module has multiple independent fertilizer storage bins inside, each of which can store different types of fertilizers, and each of which is equipped with a high-precision weighing sensor and a delivery device with adjustable flow. The delivery device can accurately control the delivery amount of different fertilizers according to the instructions of the central control unit, and deliver the fertilizers to the fertilizer nozzles through the delivery pipeline; The fertilization nozzle is a multi-hole rotary nozzle that can adjust the rotation speed and spraying angle of the nozzle according to the growth stage and planting density of the crop to achieve precise fertilization. The fertilization nozzle is also equipped with a flow sensor and a pressure sensor to monitor the flow and pressure during the fertilization process in real time and feed the data back to the central control unit; The central control unit is connected to the soil sensor module, the fertilizer storage and delivery module, and the fertilizer nozzle through a wireless communication module. The central control unit has a built-in intelligent fertilization algorithm, which can calculate the optimal fertilization plan based on the soil parameter data transmitted by the soil sensor module, combined with a preset crop growth model and fertilizer formula, and send control instructions to the fertilizer storage and delivery module and the fertilizer nozzle. The central control unit also has data storage and analysis functions, can store and analyze various data in the fertilization process, generate fertilization reports, and can be remotely accessed and controlled through a mobile terminal or computer; The data analysis and decision support module can conduct in-depth analysis of various data in the fertilization process and generate detailed fertilization reports, including soil parameter change trends, fertilizer application statistics, crop growth comparison analysis, and fertilizer utilization rate evaluation.

2. The technical measure for intelligent fertilization for improving fertilizer utilization rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soil sensor module includes multiple sensors of different types, among which the soil nutrient sensor can detect the content of major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and the content of trace elements in the soil. The soil moisture sensor adopts a high-precision capacitive or resistive sensor, which can accurately measure soil moisture under different soil textures and temperature conditions. The soil pH sensor adopts a glass electrode or a composite electrode, which can quickly respond to changes in soil pH. The soil temperature sensor is made of a high-precision thermistor and can monitor changes in soil temperature in real time. The soil texture sensor measures soil resistivity, dielectric constant and other parameters, combined with a preset soil texture model, to determine the soil texture type, providing a more accurate basis for the formulation of fertilization plans.

3. The technical measure for intelligent fertilization for improving fertilizer utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer storage bin of the fertilizer storage and delivery module is provided with a moisture-proof and anti-caking device to prevent the fertilizer from getting damp and agglomerating. The delivery device adopts a high-precision metering pump or a screw pump, which can accurately control the delivery amount of the fertilizer according to the instructions of the central control unit.

4. The technical measure for intelligent fertilization for improving fertilizer utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous rotary nozzle of the fertilization nozzle adopts a special nozzle design, which can make the fertilizer solution form uniform mist particles, improve the diffusion range and uniformity of the fertilizer, and the adjustment range of the rotation speed and spraying angle of the nozzle are 0-3600r / min and 0-90° respectively. It can be flexibly adjusted according to the growth stage and planting density of the crop to achieve precise fertilization.

5. The technical measure for intelligent fertilization for improving fertilizer utilization rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent fertilization algorithm of the central control unit comprehensively considers multiple factors such as soil parameters, crop growth model, fertilizer formula and meteorological data, and can dynamically adjust the fertilization plan according to the growth needs and soil conditions of different crops. The central control unit is connected to the soil sensor module, fertilizer storage and delivery module and fertilizer nozzle through a wireless communication module. Its communication frequency can be adjusted according to actual needs to ensure the timeliness and stability of data transmission. The central control unit has fault diagnosis and alarm functions, and can monitor the operating status of various components of the system in real time. When a fault occurs, an alarm signal is issued in time, and fault information is sent to the user through a mobile terminal or computer, so that the user can carry out repairs and processing in time.

6. The technical measure for intelligent fertilization for improving fertilizer utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a meteorological monitoring module for real-time monitoring of meteorological data, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall and light intensity; the meteorological monitoring module transmits the monitored meteorological data to the central control unit, and the central control unit comprehensively determines the best time and amount of fertilization based on the meteorological data and soil parameters.

7. The technical measure for intelligent fertilization for improving fertilizer utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a crop growth monitoring module for real-time monitoring of crop growth status, including crop height, leaf number, leaf color, stem thickness and root development. The crop growth monitoring module transmits the monitored crop growth data to a central control unit, which combines soil parameters and meteorological data to dynamically adjust the fertilization plan according to the crop growth model and nutritional needs.

8. The technical measure for intelligent fertilization for improving fertilizer utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an energy management module that can monitor and manage the energy of various equipment in the fertilization system, optimize the operation mode of the equipment, and reduce energy consumption.

9. A method for intelligent fertilization for improving fertilizer utilization, according to a technical measure for intelligent fertilization for improving fertilizer utilization as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Real-time monitoring of various soil parameters, including soil nutrient content, soil moisture, soil pH, soil temperature and soil texture, is performed through the soil sensor module. The soil sensor module collects the monitored parameter data with high precision and high frequency, and transmits the data to the central control unit through the wireless communication module; S2. The central control unit calculates the optimal fertilization plan based on the received soil parameter data, combined with the preset crop growth model and fertilizer formula, using the built-in intelligent fertilization algorithm; S3, the fertilizer storage and delivery module, according to the instructions of the central control unit, accurately controls the delivery amount of different fertilizers through high-precision weighing sensors and flow-adjustable delivery devices, and delivers the fertilizers to the fertilizer nozzles. The fertilizer nozzles adjust the rotation speed and spraying angle of the nozzles according to the growth stage and planting density of the crops, and evenly spray the fertilizers to the root area of ​​the crops; S4. During the fertilization process, the fertilization nozzle monitors the flow rate and pressure of fertilization in real time through the flow sensor and pressure sensor, and feeds the data back to the central control unit. The central control unit dynamically adjusts the fertilization parameters according to the feedback data to ensure the accuracy and uniformity of fertilization; S5. The central control unit stores and analyzes various data during the fertilization process and generates a fertilization report, including soil parameter change trends, fertilizer application statistics, crop growth comparison analysis, and fertilizer utilization rate evaluation. The central control unit also predicts crop growth trends and fertilizer requirements based on historical and current data, providing users with scientific fertilization recommendations and decision support; S6. Real-time monitoring of meteorological data, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall and light intensity, through the meteorological monitoring module; real-time monitoring of crop growth status, including crop height, leaf number, leaf color, stem thickness and root development, through the crop growth monitoring module; the central control unit dynamically adjusts the fertilization plan according to the meteorological data and crop growth data; S7. Users can view soil parameters, fertilization process, crop growth status, meteorological data and other information in real time through the remote monitoring module. At the same time, users can also manually control the fertilization system or adjust fertilization parameters through the remote monitoring module.

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