A method for separating and purifying high-purity quartz sand from diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite series rocks

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of quartz sand separation and purification, and specifically discloses a method for separating and purifying high-purity quartz sand from diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite series rocks, which comprises the following steps: S1, crushing, grinding and screening the magmatic rock sample; S2, performing multi-stage magnetic separation on the sand sample; S3, performing multi-pass continuous reverse flotation on the coarse sand; S4, performing attrition scrubbing on the quartz coarse sand concentrate; S5, performing regrinding, screening and multi-stage magnetic separation on the quartz coarse sand concentrate after attrition scrubbing; and S6, performing multi-pass continuous reverse flotation on the quartz fine sand. Through multi-pass continuous flotation, the method can greatly improve the quartz monomer dissociation rate while reducing energy consumption, and through acid pickling, high-temperature chlorination and magnetic separation, the purity of the quartz raw material is greatly improved, high-purity quartz sand is separated and purified from high-reserve magmatic rocks, the raw material resource cost is greatly reduced, and the range of high-purity quartz sand raw material resources is expanded.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of quartz sand separation and purification, and particularly relates to a method for separating and purifying high-purity quartz sand from diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite series rocks. BACKGROUND

[0002] High-purity quartz sand is a core raw material for strategic industries such as photovoltaic glass, semiconductor crucibles and optical fibers.

[0003] The traditional quartz sand separation and purification process is as follows: ore crushing, calcination and water quenching, ore grinding, magnetic separation, flotation, acid leaching, high-temperature chlorination and finished product. This method has strong dependence on ore resources: it is only suitable for high-quality vein quartz or granite pegmatite. Due to the limitations of mineralogy and insufficient flotation separation technology, it cannot be adapted to diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite magmatic rocks.

[0004] The global reserves of magmatic rocks such as diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite are huge, while the output proportion of high-quality vein quartz or granite pegmatite is limited, making the existing production technology and mode of high-purity quartz a long-term supply bottleneck.

[0005] Mineralogical limitations: quartz-feldspar-mica in diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite has an interlaced structure. Quartz usually crystallizes last and fills the interstices between early crystallized minerals. Mechanical crushing and color separation are difficult to achieve monomer dissociation due to the fine crystalline particles.

[0006] Insufficient flotation separation technology: it is relatively simple to separate and remove impurity minerals of vein quartz and granite pegmatite using flotation reagents. However, it is difficult to economically separate and purify quartz sand due to the complex mineral combination of diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite, and the presence of many associated feldspar, mica and other impurity minerals. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for separating and purifying high-purity quartz sand from diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite series rocks, to solve the problem of insufficient supply of high-purity quartz glass raw materials at home and abroad due to the difficulty of traditional quartz sand separation and purification technology in fully separating and purifying impurities in high-reserve magmatic rocks and economically separating and purifying quartz sand.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for separating and purifying high-purity quartz sand from diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite series rocks, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1, crushing, grinding and screening the magma rock sample, the screening size is 20-80 mesh, to obtain a sand sample;

[0011] S2, the sand sample is subjected to multi-stage magnetic separation to remove magnetic impurities, to obtain a coarse sand;

[0012] S3, the coarse sand is subjected to multi-pass continuous reverse flotation to enrich quartz particles, to obtain a quartz coarse concentrate;

[0013] S4, the quartz coarse concentrate is subjected to scrubbing, and the pulp is adjusted to a pH of 6.5-7.5;

[0014] S5, the quartz coarse concentrate after scrubbing is subjected to regrinding, screening and multi-stage magnetic separation, to obtain a quartz fine sand with a size of 50-200 mesh;

[0015] S6, the quartz fine sand is subjected to multi-pass continuous reverse flotation, to obtain a quartz concentrate;

[0016] S7, the quartz concentrate is subjected to scrubbing, and the washing pulp is adjusted to a pH of 6.5-7.5, and then dehydrated;

[0017] S8, the dehydrated quartz concentrate is subjected to mixed acid leaching, to obtain a quartz sand;

[0018] S9, the quartz sand is subjected to water washing, the pulp is adjusted to a pH of 6.5-7.5, and then dehydrated and roasted;

[0019] S10, the quartz sand after dehydration and roasting is subjected to high-temperature chlorination treatment;

[0020] S11, the quartz sand after high-temperature chlorination treatment is collected and packaged to obtain finished high-purity quartz sand.

[0021] Preferably, the magma rock is one of diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite.

[0022] Preferably, the multi-pass continuous reverse flotation uses flotation reagents including pulp conditioning agents and collectors for non-quartz impurity minerals, the pulp conditioning agents include sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid and sodium hydroxide, and the collectors include dodecylamine hydrochloride and sodium oleate.

[0023] Preferably, the multi-pass continuous reverse flotation of the coarse sand in step S3 is as follows:

[0024] The coarse sand is mixed with plasma water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2 to form a uniform sand slurry;

[0025] Sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid are added to the sand slurry, the ratio of sulfuric acid to hydrofluoric acid is 1:1, the pH of the pulp is adjusted to 2-3, dodecylamine hydrochloride is added, and the impurities are floated out;

[0026] Add hydrofluoric acid to the mortar, adjust the pH of the ore pulp to 3-4, and then add dodecylamine hydrochloride to float out the impurities.

[0027] Preferably, the process of continuously reverse flotation of the fine quartz sand in step S6 is as follows:

[0028] Mix the fine quartz sand with plasma water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2 to form a uniform ore pulp;

[0029] Add sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid to the ore pulp, the ratio of the sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid being 1:1, adjust the pH of the ore pulp to 2-4, and then add dodecylamine hydrochloride to float out the impurities;

[0030] Add hydrofluoric acid to the ore pulp, adjust the pH of the ore pulp to 4-5, and then add dodecylamine hydrochloride to float out the impurities;

[0031] Add sodium hydroxide to the ore pulp, adjust the pH of the ore pulp to 9-11, and then add sodium oleate to float out the impurities;

[0032] Add sodium hydroxide to the ore pulp, adjust the pH of the ore pulp to 12-14, and then add sodium oleate to float out the impurities.

[0033] Preferably, the multi-stage magnetic separation adopts three-stage gradient magnetic separation, the first stage removes strong magnetic impurities at 0.5-1.0T, the second stage removes medium magnetic impurities at 1.0-1.5T, and the third stage removes weak magnetic impurities at 1.5-2.0T.

[0034] Preferably, the acid leaching parameters in step S7 include a time of 10-20 hours and a temperature of 50-100℃.

[0035] The mixed acid is composed of 10%-15% concentration hydrochloric acid and 5%-8% concentration hydrofluoric acid at a volume ratio of 3:1, and the liquid-solid ratio is controlled to be 1:2-3:1.

[0036] Preferably, the high-temperature chlorination treatment parameters in step S10 include that dry HCL gas with a purity of ≥99% is introduced under a nitrogen protective atmosphere, the gas flow is 0.5L-5L / min, the sand sample heating temperature is 1100-1200℃, and the time is 60-120min.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0038] The application greatly improves the quartz monomer dissociation rate by multi-channel continuous flotation, reduces energy consumption, and greatly improves the purity of the quartz raw material through pickling, high-temperature chlorination and magnetic separation. The purity and micro-gas-liquid inclusion content of the quartz sand obtained by separation and purification meet the requirements of optical fiber, semiconductor, photovoltaic, special industry and other industries for melting into quartz glass, realizing the separation and purification of high-purity quartz sand from high-reserve magmatic rock, greatly reducing the raw material resource cost, and expanding the range of high-purity quartz sand raw material resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor. Among them:

[0040] Figure 1 The method step block diagram of the present application is shown in the following figure:

[0041] Figure 2 The process flow block diagram of the present application is shown in the following figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings of the specification.

[0043] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present application, therefore the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0044] Secondly, the "one embodiment" or "embodiment" referred to herein means that the specific features, structures or characteristics can be included in at least one implementation of the present application. "In one embodiment" appearing in different places in the specification does not mean the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment.

[0045] As shown in the accompanying Figure 1 to the accompanying Figure 2 As shown in the accompanying:

[0046] Embodiment one: the present embodiment provides a method for separating and purifying high-purity quartz sand from diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite series rocks, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1, crushing, grinding and screening the granodiorite sample, the screening particle size is 20-80 mesh, and the sand sample is obtained;

[0048] Through mechanical crushing and grinding, the original structure of the ore is destroyed, and the quartz and other minerals (feldspar, mica, etc.) are preliminarily dissociated; the particle size range is controlled by screening to ensure the efficiency of subsequent flotation and magnetic separation.

[0049] S2, the sand sample is subjected to multi-stage magnetic separation to remove magnetic impurities and obtain coarse sand;

[0050] Avoiding the interference of strong magnetic impurities on subsequent flotation.

[0051] S3, the coarse sand is subjected to multi-pass continuous reverse flotation to enrich quartz particles and obtain quartz coarse sand concentrate;

[0052] Using flotation reagents to selectively separate non-quartz impurities, including feldspar, mica, and iron-containing minerals.

[0053] S4, the quartz coarse sand concentrate is subjected to scrubbing, and the slurry is adjusted to pH 7;

[0054] Mechanical scrubbing peels off fine impurities and flotation reagent residues attached to the surface of quartz, and pH 7 avoids secondary dissolution of quartz or re-adsorption of impurities caused by acid and alkali environment. Scrubbing equipment can be selected as a mechanical scrubbing machine, which generates shear force through impeller rotation at 400-500 rpm to strengthen impurity peeling and improve quartz surface cleanliness, creating conditions for deep purification.

[0055] S5, the quartz coarse sand concentrate after scrubbing is subjected to regrinding, screening and multi-stage magnetic separation to obtain 50-200 mesh quartz fine sand;

[0056] Further refining quartz particles, improving quartz monomer dissociation degree, promoting the exposure of inclusion impurities and releasing impurities in micro-cracks; screening controls target particle size, and magnetic separation removes magnetic particles introduced by mechanical iron pollution during the grinding process. 20-80 mesh regrinding can greatly improve the efficiency.

[0057] S6, the quartz fine sand is subjected to multi-pass continuous reverse flotation to obtain quartz concentrate;

[0058] Controlling pH gradient, targeted removal of trace impurities, including residual feldspar, iron film, and surface adsorbed ions, greatly improves the purity of quartz.

[0059] S7, the quartz concentrate is subjected to scrubbing, and the slurry is washed to pH 7 and then dehydrated;

[0060] Removing flotation reagent residues and washing the slurry to pH 7 to neutralize residual acid and alkali, preventing violent reaction during acid leaching, and then dehydrating to reduce the consumption of acid leaching reagents during subsequent acid washing, improving reaction efficiency.

[0061] S8, the dehydrated quartz concentrate is subjected to mixed acid acid leaching to obtain quartz sand;

[0062] Dissolve trace impurities (Al, Li, B, etc.) and surface inclusions at the edge of quartz lattice.

[0063] S9, washing the quartz sand with water, and dehydrating and baking the quartz sand after adjusting the pH of the ore slurry to 7;

[0064] Removing the acid leaching residual liquid, preventing residual acid from corroding equipment or affecting the chlorination reaction, drying the quartz sand to remove adsorbed water, and avoiding the reaction of water vapor and HCl to generate corrosive gas during high-temperature chlorination.

[0065] S10, high-temperature chlorination treatment of the dehydrated and baked quartz sand;

[0066] Removing gas-liquid inclusions and trace metal impurities in the quartz lattice through gas-solid reaction.

[0067] S11, collecting and packaging the quartz sand after high-temperature chlorination treatment to obtain finished high-purity quartz sand.

[0068] Specifically, the flotation reagents used in the multi-stage continuous reverse flotation include an ore slurry adjusting agent and a non-quartz impurity mineral collector. The ore slurry adjusting agent includes sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and sodium hydroxide, and the collector includes dodecylamine hydrochloride and sodium oleate.

[0069] Specifically, the multi-stage continuous reverse flotation process of the coarse sand in step S3 is as follows:

[0070] Mixing the coarse sand with plasma water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2 to form uniform slurry;

[0071] Adding sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid to the slurry, the ratio of sulfuric acid to hydrofluoric acid being 1:1, adjusting the pH of the ore slurry to 2-3, and then adding dodecylamine hydrochloride to float out the impurities.

[0072] Dissolving Al on the surface of feldspar in a strong acid environment 3+ , activating feldspar to be adsorbed by dodecylamine hydrochloride, corroding the edge of mica, exposing the internal structure for the action of the collector, dodecylamine hydrochloride being a cationic collector that preferentially adsorbs the surface of negatively charged feldspar and mica to make them float.

[0073] Adding hydrofluoric acid to the slurry, adjusting the pH of the ore slurry to 3-4, and then adding dodecylamine hydrochloride to float out the impurities.

[0074] Fine-tuning the acidity to strengthen the flotation selectivity of residual iron-containing minerals, removing main silicate impurities in stages, and improving the recovery rate of quartz.

[0075] Specifically, the multi-stage continuous reverse flotation process of the quartz fine sand in step S6 is as follows:

[0076] Mixing the quartz fine sand with plasma water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2 to form uniform slurry;

[0077] Add sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid to the ore slurry, the ratio of sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid is 1:1, adjust the pH of the ore slurry to 2-4, then add dodecylamine hydrochloride to float out the impurities;

[0078] Secondary flotation of residual feldspar and iron-containing minerals.

[0079] Add hydrofluoric acid to the ore slurry, adjust the pH of the ore slurry to 4-5, then add dodecylamine hydrochloride to float out the impurities;

[0080] Fine-tuning of acidity to remove surface Fe 3+ Complex.

[0081] Add sodium hydroxide to the ore slurry, adjust the pH of the ore slurry to 9-11, then add sodium oleate to float out the impurities;

[0082] Alkaline environment activates sodium oleate, floats calcium and magnesium minerals adsorbed on the surface of quartz, and replaces dodecylamine hydrochloride with sodium oleate to adapt to the changes in the surface electrical properties of impurities at different pH.

[0083] Add sodium hydroxide to the ore slurry, adjust the pH of the ore slurry to 12-14, then add sodium oleate to float out the impurities.

[0084] Strong alkaline hydroxylation reaction peels off the iron oxide film on the surface of quartz.

[0085] Specifically, the multi-stage magnetic separation adopts three-stage gradient magnetic separation, the first stage removes strong magnetic impurities at 0.5-1.0T, the second stage removes medium magnetic impurities at 1.0-1.5T, and the third stage removes weak magnetic impurities at 1.5-2.0T.

[0086] Specifically, the acid leaching parameters in step S7 include: time 10-20 hours, temperature 50-100℃;

[0087] The mixed acid is composed of 10%-15% concentration hydrochloric acid and 5%-8% concentration hydrofluoric acid in a volume ratio of 3:1, and the liquid-solid ratio is controlled at 1:2-3:1.

[0088] 10%-15% concentration hydrochloric acid dissolves metal oxides including Fe2O3 and Al2O3, 5%-8% concentration hydrofluoric acid corrodes silicate impurities, opens the micropores on the surface of quartz, temperature 50-100℃ accelerates the acid reaction kinetics, shortens the treatment time, and the liquid-solid ratio ensures that the acid solution fully infiltrates the quartz particles.

[0089] Specifically, the high-temperature chlorination treatment parameters in step S10 include: using dry HCL gas with purity ≥99%, introducing it under a nitrogen protective atmosphere, gas flow rate 0.5L-5L / min, sand sample heating temperature 1100-1200℃, and time 60-120min.

[0090] The temperature is 1100-1200 DEG C, reaching the quartz alpha-beta phase transition temperature, the lattice expands to release the inclusions, dry HCl gas reacts with impurity metals (such as Fe, Al) to generate volatile chlorides (FeCl3↑, AlCl3↑), and the air flow is 0.5-5 L / min to balance the reaction rate and gas utilization.

[0091] The purity data of the granodiorite treated by the above method are shown in the following table:

[0092]

[0093] The particle size distribution data of the granodiorite treated by the above method are shown in the following table:

[0094]

[0095] The application separates and purifies high-purity quartz sand from diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite and granite (initial quartz content of 5-60%), greatly reduces the cost of raw material resources, and expands the range of high-purity quartz sand raw material resources;

[0096] Through multi-channel continuous flotation, the energy consumption is reduced, and the single-body dissociation rate of quartz is increased to more than 99.95%;

[0097] Through acid pickling, high-temperature chlorination and magnetic separation, the purity of the final quartz raw material reaches more than 99.995;

[0098] The purity and micro-gas-liquid inclusion content of the finished quartz sand meet the requirements of the optical fiber, semiconductor, photovoltaic, special industry and other industries for melting and making quartz glass.

[0099] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the application shown in the various exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review the present disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. For example, elements shown as integrally formed can be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements can be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of elements or positions can be altered or varied. Thus, the foregoing description is by way of example only, and is not intended to be limiting. The application is limited only as defined in the following claims and equivalents thereto. The sequence of any process or method steps, or the order in which they are carried out, can be altered or re-ordered without departing from the scope of the application. Any "articles of manufacture" or "manufacturing" as described herein are intended to encompass structures constructed of a multitude of different physical elements or components. In the claims, any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and also cover structures yet to be invented which perform the recited function but operate in a different manner. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the application as expressed in the appended claims.

[0100] Also, to provide a concise description of the exemplary embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation can be described (that is, not all implementations can include all of the features described or optional implementations can include only a subset of the features described).

[0101] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions can be made. Such development efforts can inevitably lead to modifications, not all of which can be foreseen in advance. Such modifications are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the present application, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present application. The disclosure is not a complete description of the actual implementation, nor is it intended to be so; thus, what is actually devised can depart from what is described in this disclosure.

[0102] It should be noted that the above examples are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting of the technical solutions of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and all such modifications and equivalents should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for separating and purifying high-purity quartz sand from diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite, and granite series rocks, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The igneous rock mineral sample is crushed, ground, and sieved to a particle size of 20-80 mesh to obtain a sand sample. S2. The sand sample is subjected to multi-stage magnetic separation to remove magnetic impurities and obtain coarse sand; S3. The coarse sand is subjected to multiple continuous reverse flotation to enrich the quartz particles and obtain quartz coarse sand concentrate. S4. The quartz coarse sand concentrate is scrubbed, and the pH of the slurry is adjusted to 6.5-7.5; S5. The washed quartz coarse sand concentrate is regrinded, screened and subjected to multi-stage magnetic separation to obtain 50-200 mesh quartz fine sand; S6. The quartz fine sand is subjected to multiple continuous reverse flotation to obtain quartz concentrate; S7. The quartz concentrate is scrubbed and the slurry is rinsed to a pH of 6.5-7.5 and then dehydrated. S8. The dehydrated quartz concentrate is mixed and leached with acid to obtain quartz sand; S9. The quartz sand is washed with water, and the slurry is adjusted to pH 6.5-7.5 before dehydration and baking. S10. The dehydrated and baked quartz sand is subjected to high-temperature chlorination treatment; S11. Collect and package the high-temperature chlorinated quartz sand to obtain the finished high-purity quartz sand; The multi-stage continuous reverse flotation process for the coarse sand described in step S3 is as follows: The coarse sand and plasma water are mixed at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2 to form a uniform mortar. Sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid are added to the mortar in a ratio of 1:

1. After adjusting the pH of the mortar to 2-3, dodecylamine hydrochloride is added to float out the impurities. Hydrofluoric acid was added to the mortar to adjust the pH of the slurry to 3-4, and then dodecylamine hydrochloride was added to float out the impurities. The process of performing multi-stage continuous reverse flotation on the quartz fine sand described in step S6 is as follows: The fine quartz sand and plasma water are mixed at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2 to form a homogeneous slurry; Sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid are added to the slurry in a ratio of 1:

1. After adjusting the pH of the slurry to 2-4, dodecylamine hydrochloride is added to float out impurities. Hydrofluoric acid was added to the slurry to adjust the pH of the slurry to 4-5, and then dodecylamine hydrochloride was added to float out the impurities. Sodium hydroxide is added to the slurry to adjust the pH of the slurry to 9-11, and then sodium oleate is added to float out the impurities. Sodium hydroxide is added to the slurry to adjust the pH of the slurry to 12-14, and then sodium oleate is added to float out the impurities. The multi-stage magnetic separation adopts a three-stage gradient magnetic separation, with the first stage of 0.5 to 1.0T removing strongly magnetic impurities; The second stage (1.0–1.5T) removes medium magnetic impurities; the third stage (1.5–2.0T) removes weak magnetic impurities. The mixed acid leaching parameters in step S8 include: time 10-20 hours, temperature 50-100℃; The mixed acid is composed of 10%-15% hydrochloric acid and 5%-8% hydrofluoric acid in a volume ratio of 3:1, with the liquid-to-solid ratio controlled at 1:2 to 3:

1. The high-temperature chlorination treatment parameters in step S10 include: using dry HCl gas with a purity ≥99%, passing it through under a nitrogen protective atmosphere, with a gas flow rate of 0.5L~5L / min, a sand sample heating temperature of 1100~1200℃, and a time of 60~120min; By using multiple continuous flotation stages, energy consumption is reduced while the quartz monomer dissociation rate is increased to over 99.95%. Through pickling, high-temperature chlorination, and magnetic separation, the final purity of the quartz raw material reaches over 99.995%.

2. The method for separating and purifying high-purity quartz sand from diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite, and granite series rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The igneous rock is one of the following: diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite, or granite ore sample.

3. The method for separating and purifying high-purity quartz sand from diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite, and granite series rocks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flotation reagents used in the multi-stage continuous reverse flotation include pulp conditioners and collectors for non-quartz impurity minerals. The pulp conditioners include sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and sodium hydroxide, and the collectors include dodecylamine hydrochloride and sodium oleate.

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