Ultrasonic vibration assisted rock breaking device and drilling method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral resource exploration, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic vibration assisted rock breaking device and a drilling method. The ultrasonic vibration assisted rock breaking device comprises a rack and loading system, a rotary drilling system, an ultrasonic vibration system and a measurement control system. Current is transmitted to a piezoelectric ceramic group through a conductive slip ring and a carbon brush of the ultrasonic vibration system, the piezoelectric ceramic group is excited to generate ultrasonic vibration, and amplified high-frequency vibration is continuously transmitted to a drill rod and a drill bit of the rotary drilling system which rotates at a high speed through an amplitude-change pole type ultrasonic vibrator; and rotation-vibration composite rock breaking is achieved. The method comprises the steps of preparing a rock sample and setting initial parameters, fixing the rock sample, applying axial drilling pressure, starting drilling fluid circulation, starting rotary drilling, starting ultrasonic vibration, and performing real-time monitoring and self-adaptive adjustment, the parameters can be adjusted in real time according to rock stratum changes, the rock breaking efficiency of the hard rock stratum is remarkably improved, the drilling load is reduced, and the drilling efficiency is improved. And the service life of the drill bit is effectively prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mineral resource exploration technology, specifically relating to an ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock breaking device and drilling method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth in demand for deep mineral resource mining and hard rock tunnel construction in my country, rock breaking operations are gradually shifting from shallow soft rock to deep hard rock strata. This inevitably leads to problems such as low rock breaking efficiency and high equipment wear caused by high rock pressure and hard strata. According to data, for every 50 MPa increase in the compressive strength of the formation rock, the drilling efficiency of traditional mechanical rotary rock breaking decreases by 30% to 40%, and the wear rate of drill bit cutting teeth accelerates. Frequent tool changes not only interrupt construction progress but also increase consumable costs.

[0003] Ultrasonic vibration rock breaking technology is a highly efficient rock breaking method that uses high-frequency periodic vibration to induce fatigue damage on the surface or in specific areas of the rock, ultimately leading to overall rock failure. As a key piece of equipment for indoor testing, ultrasonic vibration rock breaking devices are widely used in research on rock sample drillability evaluation and drill bit performance and life testing. The test results have significant theoretical and engineering implications for optimizing drill bit structure, establishing a rock sample drillability classification system, and improving actual drilling efficiency. With the continuous growth in industrial demand for oil, gas, and mineral resources, the requirements for drilling technology and equipment performance are increasingly stringent in order to improve drilling efficiency. Ultrasonic vibration rotary rock breaking devices have advantages such as strong environmental adaptability and wide application range. They can effectively simulate the rotation, feed, and lifting movements of the power head during actual drilling, and achieve real-time monitoring, acquisition, and processing of key drilling parameters such as drill pressure, rotation speed, and footage.

[0004] Currently, although there are precedents for research on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking in existing technologies, existing devices suffer from drawbacks such as inefficient energy transfer, complex structure, and poor portability, making it difficult to meet the needs of on-site construction. However, there are no reports in existing technologies on an integrated rock breaking device and its application method that can achieve deep coordination between ultrasonic vibration and rotational motion and adapt to different rock types and deep working conditions.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device that is suitable for deep hard rock formations. It is of great value in improving rock-breaking efficiency, extending equipment life, and reducing engineering costs. It is also a key technological breakthrough direction for promoting deep resource development and underground space construction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock breaking device and a drilling method for the above-mentioned ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock breaking device, so as to solve the problems of low efficiency, high equipment wear and insufficient energy transfer of existing rock breaking devices in hard rock formations.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] An ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock breaking device comprises a frame and loading system, a rotary drilling system, an ultrasonic vibration system, a drilling fluid circulation cooling system, and a measurement and control system.

[0009] The frame and loading system includes a drilling rig base 22, on which four columns 8 are fixed. The upper ends of the columns 8 are fixed to the top plate 3 to form a support frame. A hydraulic cylinder 1 is installed on the top plate 3. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 extends downward and is connected to a displacement plate 6. Four sliding sleeves 7 are installed at the bottom of the displacement plate 6. The sliding sleeves 7 are fitted onto the columns 8. The hydraulic cylinder 1 can drive the displacement plate 6 to slide up and down along the sliding sleeves 7 on the columns 8. Two slide rails 21 are installed on the drilling rig base 22 to cooperate with the sliding water tank 20 of the drilling fluid circulation cooling system.

[0010] The rotary drilling system consists of a motor 4, a drill rod 15, a drill bit 16, a rock sample 17, a clamping plate 18, and a fastening device 19. The output shaft of the motor 4 passes through the displacement plate 6 and is connected to the upper end of the drill rod 15 via a coupling. The lower end of the drill rod 15 is connected to the drill bit 16 via a thread. The rock sample 17 is placed on the sliding water tank 20 and fixed by the clamping plate 18 and the fastening device 19.

[0011] The ultrasonic vibration system includes a conductive slip ring 9 fixed to the drill rod 15. The outer ring of the conductive slip ring 9 is fixed to the displacement plate 6 by bolts or welding through a bracket. A flange 10 is located on the top of the vibrator housing 13. The upper end of a spring 11 is connected to the flange 10. The upper end of a piezoelectric ceramic assembly 12 is connected to the lower end of the spring 11, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the vibrator housing 13. The piezoelectric ceramic assembly 12 is connected to the lower end face of the conductive slip ring 9 through a wire 26 to form a rotary electrical connection interface. The vibrator housing 13 is fixed to the drill rod 15 and located below the conductive slip ring 9.

[0012] The drilling fluid circulation cooling system includes a faucet 14 installed on the upper end of the drill pipe 15, which is connected to a circulation pump 25 through a flexible pipe. The circulation pump 25 is connected to the mud tank 23 through a pipe. The drilling fluid in the mud tank 23 is pumped into the faucet 14 through the circulation pump 25. After flowing through the internal channel of the drill pipe 15, it is discharged from the drill bit 16 into the sliding water tank 20. The bottom of the sliding water tank 20 is provided with a drain outlet, which is connected to the mud tank 23 through a pipe.

[0013] The measurement and control system includes a pressure sensor 2, a displacement sensor 5, a flow meter 24, a wire 26, and a controller 27. The pressure sensor 2 is installed on the contact surface between the hydraulic cylinder 1 and the motor 4 to monitor drilling pressure in real time. The displacement sensor 5 is installed between the top plate 3 and the displacement plate 6 to monitor drilling displacement and drilling speed. The flow meter 24 is installed on the flexible pipe connecting the mud pit 23 and the circulating pump 25 to monitor drilling fluid flow. The controller 27 is connected to the pressure sensor 2, the displacement sensor 5, the flow meter 24, the conductive slip ring 9, the carbon brush 10, and the piezoelectric ceramic plate assembly 12 via the wire 26.

[0014] Furthermore, the four columns 8 are respectively fixed to the four corners of the drilling rig base 22 by bolts, the upper end of the columns 8 is fixed to the top plate 3 by bolts, and the hydraulic cylinder 1 is installed on the top plate 3 by bolts.

[0015] Furthermore, two slide rails 21 are used to install the sliding water tank 20. The lower part of the sliding water tank 20 is slidably engaged with the slide rails 21 and can move along the slide rails 21.

[0016] Furthermore, the motor 4 is coaxially arranged with the hydraulic cylinder 1 and connected by a coupling. The motor 4 provides rotational power and is fixed to the middle of the displacement plate 6 by bolts, driving the drill rod 15 and the drill bit 16 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotary cutting of the drill bit.

[0017] Furthermore, the drill bit 16 can be selected according to the rock sample type, and can be a surface-mounted, impregnated diamond drill bit or a PDC drill bit.

[0018] Furthermore, the fastening device 19 adopts a screw structure, and its output end is connected to the clamping plate 18. By rotating the screw, the clamping plate 18 is driven to clamp the rock sample 17, thereby fixing the rock sample 17 and ensuring that the rock sample 17 does not move during the drilling process.

[0019] Furthermore, the conductive slip ring 9 and the vibrator housing 13 are respectively fixed to the drill rod 15 by bolts. The conductive slip ring 9 is a through-hole thermocouple conductive slip ring, whose inner diameter can rotate and whose outer diameter is fixed.

[0020] Furthermore, the number of the piezoelectric ceramic groups 12 is four.

[0021] Furthermore, the controller 27 can receive signals from the pressure sensor 2, displacement sensor 5, flow meter 24, conductive slip ring 9, and piezoelectric ceramic plate group 12, process the data through the built-in algorithm, and output control signals to the hydraulic cylinder 1, motor 4, circulating pump 25 and ultrasonic vibration system to achieve parameter adjustment. It can also convert and amplify all detected signals through the signal processor and display them dynamically in real time on the display 28.

[0022] A drilling method using an ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. Prepare standard rock sample 17 according to experimental or engineering needs, and record the physical properties of the rock sample; set the initial drilling parameters on the controller 27: drilling pressure, rotation speed, ultrasonic vibration frequency, and amplitude.

[0024] S2, place rock sample 17 on sliding water tank 20, start fastening device 19, drive clamping plate 18 to clamp rock sample 17 by rotating screw, and ensure that rock sample 17 does not loosen during drilling;

[0025] S3, apply axial drilling pressure, start the loading system on the display 28, apply axial drilling pressure to the drill rod 15; controller 27 controls the hydraulic cylinder 1 to drive the displacement plate 6 to move downward, so that the drill bit 16 presses against the surface of the rock sample 17; set the constant pressure or constant speed loading mode through the pressure regulating valve control button.

[0026] S4, start the circulation pump 25, and control the drilling fluid flow rate to the set value by controlling the regulating valve of the circulation pump 25; the drilling fluid is pumped from the mud tank 23 into the faucet 14, flows through the internal channel of the drill pipe 15, is discharged from the drill bit 16, cools the drill bit and carries the rock cuttings into the sliding water tank 20, and finally returns to the mud tank 23 for circulation.

[0027] S5, start motor 4, drive drill rod 15 and drill bit 16 to rotate at the set speed, the rotary cutting action begins to break the rock;

[0028] S6, the ultrasonic vibration system is started. The controller 27 transmits current to the piezoelectric ceramic group 12 through the conductive slip ring 9. The piezoelectric ceramic group 12 excites the vibrator housing 13 to generate high-frequency mechanical vibration. After being amplified by the vibrator housing 13, it is transmitted to the drill bit 16 through the drill rod 15, causing the drill bit to vibrate axially at high frequency. The vibration parameters can be adjusted in real time by the controller according to the hardness of the rock sample.

[0029] S7 features real-time monitoring and adaptive adjustment. The measurement and control system monitors parameters such as drill pressure, displacement, and flow rate in real time, and dynamically adjusts drill pressure, rotation speed, and ultrasonic vibration parameters to achieve adaptive drilling. Controller 27 dynamically adjusts parameters based on sensor feedback: if displacement sensor 5 shows a decrease in drilling speed, controller 27 automatically increases drill pressure or ultrasonic amplitude; if pressure sensor 2 shows excessive drill pressure, controller reduces drill pressure and increases vibration frequency. Flow meter 24 ensures stable drilling fluid flow; if the flow is abnormal, controller adjusts the circulation pump speed. All data is displayed in real-time on display 28, allowing operators to manually intervene or activate fully automatic mode.

[0030] S8, End drilling. After drilling is completed, shut down the system in sequence: First, shut down the ultrasonic vibration system and stop the current output; then shut down the loading system and reset the hydraulic cylinder 1; then, shut down the rotary drilling system and stop the motor 4; shut down the drilling fluid circulation cooling system and stop the circulation pump 25; finally, shut down the measurement and control system and cut off the power; loosen the fastening device 19, take out the rock sample 17, and clean the device.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] 1. This invention integrates ultrasonic vibration technology with traditional rotary drilling technology, and uses a rotating electrical connection interface of conductive slip ring and carbon brush to ensure that the current is transmitted uninterruptedly to the piezoelectric ceramic group when the drill rod rotates at high speed. The amplitude rod vibrator amplifies the vibration amplitude and transmits it directly to the drill bit, thus avoiding energy loss.

[0033] 2. The ultrasonic vibration system generates high-frequency mechanical vibration and rotary cutting, which work together to cause fatigue damage to the rock surface, reduce the rock's compressive strength, reduce the frictional resistance between the drill bit and the rock and the required axial pressure, thereby significantly increasing the rock breaking speed.

[0034] 3. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock breaking device of the present invention can effectively carry out combined rock breaking experiments in the laboratory, and systematically study the synergistic effect of vibration parameters and rotary drilling parameters on rock breaking efficiency, thereby providing a reliable experimental platform for optimizing the structural design of ultrasonic vibration drills and evaluating their rock breaking performance. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibrator of the present invention.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Hydraulic cylinder 2. Pressure sensor 3. Top plate 4. Motor 5. Displacement sensor 6. Displacement plate 7. Sliding sleeve 8. Column 9. Conductive slip ring 10. Flange 11. Spring 12. Piezoelectric ceramic assembly 13. Vibrator housing 14. Water tap 15. Drill rod 16. Drill bit 17. Rock sample 18. Clamping plate 19. Fastening device 20. Sliding water tank 21. Slide rail 22. Drill rig base 23. Mud tank 24. Flow meter 25. Circulating pump 26. Wire 27. Controller 28. Display. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments:

[0040] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention and not the entire structure.

[0041] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock breaking device of the present invention consists of a frame and loading system, a rotary drilling system, an ultrasonic vibration system, a drilling fluid circulation cooling system, and a measurement and control system.

[0043] The frame and loading system comprises a hydraulic cylinder 1, a top plate 3, a displacement plate 6, sliding sleeves 7, columns 8, slide rails 21, and a drilling rig base 22, used to provide and control the axial pressure during drilling. The drilling rig base 22 is fixed to a flat surface or test bench to ensure stability. Four columns 8 are bolted to the drilling rig base 22, with their upper ends fixed to the top plate 3 to form a support frame. The hydraulic cylinder 1 is bolted to the top plate 3, with its piston rod extending downwards and connecting to the displacement plate 6 to drive its movement. The controller 27 controls the raising and lowering of the hydraulic cylinder 1. Four sliding sleeves 7 are installed at the bottom of the displacement plate 6, fitting onto the columns 8. The hydraulic cylinder 1 drives the displacement plate 6 to slide up and down along the sliding sleeves 7 on the columns 8, achieving constant pressure or constant speed loading on the drill rod 15 (constant speed can be achieved by setting a certain speed for the motor 4, and constant pressure by setting a certain pressure for the hydraulic cylinder; this is common knowledge and will not be elaborated further). Two slide rails 21 are fixed to the drilling rig base 22 by bolts. The two slide rails 21 are used to install the sliding water tank 20 in the drilling fluid circulation cooling system. The lower part of the sliding water tank 20 is fastened to the slide rail 21 and slides with the slide rail 21. It can move along the slide rail 21, which facilitates the positioning and replacement of the rock sample 17.

[0044] The rotary drilling system consists of a motor 4, a drill rod 15, a drill bit 16, a rock sample 17, a clamping plate 18, and a fastening device 19. The motor 4 provides the rotary power and is bolted to the center of the displacement plate 6. The motor 4 is coaxially mounted with the hydraulic cylinder 1 and connected via a coupling, driving the drill rod 15 and drill bit 16 to rotate, thus achieving rotary cutting. The motor output shaft passes through the displacement plate 6 and is connected to the upper end of the drill rod 15 via a coupling. The lower end of the drill rod 15 is threaded to the drill bit 16. The drill bit 16 can be selected according to the type of rock sample, such as a surface-mounted, impregnated diamond drill bit, or a PDC drill bit. The rock sample 17 is placed on the sliding water tank 20 and fixed by the clamping plate 18 and the fastening device 19. Specifically, the fastening device 19 adopts a screw structure, and its output end is connected to the clamping plate 18. By rotating the screw, the clamping plate 18 is driven to clamp the rock sample 17, thereby fixing the rock sample 17 and ensuring that the rock sample 17 does not move during the drilling process.

[0045] The ultrasonic vibration system consists of a conductive slip ring 9, a flange 10, a spring 11, a piezoelectric ceramic assembly 12, and a vibrator housing 13. The conductive slip ring 9 is bolted to the drill rod 15 and rotates with it. The conductive slip ring 9 is a through-hole thermocouple conductive slip ring, with its inner diameter rotating and outer diameter fixed to prevent the wire 26 from tangling. The piezoelectric ceramic assembly 12 is connected to the lower end face of the conductive slip ring 9 via the wire 26, forming a rotating electrical connection interface. The outer ring of the conductive slip ring 9 is fixed to the displacement plate 6 by bolts or welding via a bracket. The flange 10 is located at the top of the vibrator housing 13. The upper end of the spring 11 is connected to the flange 10, and the lower end of the spring 11 is connected to the upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic assembly 12. The spring 11 provides preload and transmits vibration, while also providing some cushioning. The piezoelectric ceramic assembly 12 is composed of several stacked piezoelectric ceramic sheets, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the inner bottom or lower structure of the vibrator housing 13 to generate ultrasonic vibration after energization.

[0046] The vibrator housing 13 is bolted to the drill rod 15 and is located below the conductive slip ring 9. The vibrator housing 13 contains 2 to 4 piezoelectric ceramic assemblies 12, preferably 4, to balance vibration efficiency and structural compactness. The vibrator housing 13 is an amplitude transformer type, used to amplify the vibration amplitude generated by the piezoelectric ceramic assemblies 12 (amplification factor can reach 5 to 10 times). The piezoelectric ceramic assemblies 12 are connected to the lower end face of the conductive slip ring 9 via wires 26, forming a rotary electrical connection interface. Wires 26 connect from the conductive slip ring 9 to the controller 27 in the measurement and control system, providing high-frequency current. The piezoelectric ceramic assemblies 12 generate high-frequency mechanical vibration signals, which are amplified and focused by the vibrator 13 connected to them, and then directly transmitted to the drill bit 16 through the drill rod 15, causing the drill bit 16 to vibrate axially at high frequencies.

[0047] The drilling fluid circulation cooling system consists of a faucet 14, a sliding water tank 20, a mud pool 23, a flow meter 24, a circulation pump 25, and pipelines. The faucet 14 is installed on the upper end of the drill pipe 15 and connected to the circulation pump 25 via a flexible pipeline. The mud pool 23 stores drilling fluid, such as mud or water. The circulation pump 25 is connected to the mud pool 23 via a pipeline, pumping the drilling fluid from the mud pool 23 into the faucet 14. After flowing through the internal channels of the drill pipe 15, it is discharged from the drill bit 16 into the sliding water tank 20. The sliding water tank 20 has a drain outlet at its bottom, connected to the mud pool 23 via a pipeline, forming a closed-loop circulation, with the drilling fluid ultimately returning to the mud pool 23. The flow meter 24 is installed on the pipeline between the mud pool 23 and the circulation pump 25 to monitor the drilling fluid flow rate.

[0048] The measurement and control system consists of a pressure sensor 2, a displacement sensor 5, a flow meter 24, a wire 26, a controller 27, and a display 28. The pressure sensor 2 is installed at the contact surface between the hydraulic cylinder 1 and the motor 4 to monitor drilling pressure in real time. The displacement sensor 5 is installed between the top plate 3 and the displacement plate 6 to monitor drilling displacement and drilling speed. The flow meter 24 is installed on the flexible pipe connecting the mud pit 23 and the circulating pump 25 to monitor drilling fluid flow rate; the signal is connected to the controller 27 via a wire. The controller 27, such as a PLC or industrial computer, receives all sensor signals and is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 1, motor 4, circulating pump 25, and vibrator housing 13 via wires. The controller 27 controls operating parameters such as loading pressure, motor speed, ultrasonic frequency and amplitude, and circulating pump flow rate via wires, processing and displaying these parameters on the display 28. The controller 27 processes data using a built-in algorithm and outputs control signals to the hydraulic cylinder 1, motor 4, circulating pump 25, and piezoelectric ceramic assembly 12 to achieve parameter adjustment. The display 28 is connected to the controller 27 and displays data such as drilling pressure, displacement, flow rate, and vibration parameters in real time (the above-mentioned control of the controller 27 on the magnitude of the applied pressure, motor speed, frequency and amplitude of the ultrasonic waves, and flow rate of the circulating pump is existing technology and will not be described in detail).

[0049] The pressure sensor 2, displacement sensor 5, conductive slip ring 9, piezoelectric ceramic plate group 12 and flow meter 24 are respectively connected to the controller 27 through corresponding signal lines. All detected signals are converted and amplified by the signal processor and then displayed dynamically in real time on the display 28.

[0050] The drilling method of the above-mentioned ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock breaking device, used to achieve adaptive rock breaking, includes the following steps:

[0051] S1. Prepare rock sample 17 as needed and set initial drilling parameters. Prepare standard rock sample 17 (e.g., granite, sandstone, etc.) according to experimental or engineering requirements, and record the physical properties of the rock sample (e.g., compressive strength). Set the initial drilling parameters on controller 27: drilling pressure (e.g., 5–20 kN), rotation speed (e.g., 100–500 rpm), ultrasonic vibration frequency (e.g., 20–40 kHz), amplitude (e.g., 5–20 μm), and drilling fluid flow rate (e.g., 10–50 L / min).

[0052] S2, Fix rock sample 17. Place rock sample 17 on sliding water tank 20, start fastening device 19, drive clamping plate 18 to clamp rock sample 17 by rotating screw, and ensure that rock sample 17 does not loosen during drilling.

[0053] S3, Apply axial drilling pressure. Start the loading system on display 28 to apply axial drilling pressure to drill pipe 15. Controller 27 controls hydraulic cylinder 1 to drive displacement plate 6 downwards, causing drill bit 16 to press against the surface of rock sample 17. Set constant pressure or constant speed loading mode via the pressure regulating valve control button (integrated in controller 27 or on a separate panel). For example, in hard rock formations, select constant pressure mode and set drilling pressure to 10 kN.

[0054] S4. Start the drilling fluid circulation and cooling system to circulate the drilling fluid. Start the circulation pump 25, and select an appropriate drilling fluid flow rate by controlling the regulating valve of the circulation pump 25 to control the drilling fluid flow rate to the set value (e.g., 20L / min). The drilling fluid is pumped from the mud pit 23 into the swivel 14, flows through the internal channel of the drill pipe 15, and is discharged from the drill bit 16, cooling the drill bit and carrying rock cuttings into the sliding water tank 20. Finally, it returns to the mud pit 23 for circulation.

[0055] S5, start the rotary drilling system and begin rotary drilling. Start motor 4 to drive drill rod 15 and drill bit 16 to rotate at the set speed (e.g., 300 rpm). The rotary cutting action begins to break the rock.

[0056] S6, Start the ultrasonic vibration system. Upon starting the ultrasonic vibration system, the controller 27 transmits current to the piezoelectric ceramic assembly 12 via the conductive slip ring 9, applying a high-frequency current (e.g., 25kHz, 100V) to the piezoelectric ceramic assembly 12. The piezoelectric ceramic assembly 12 excites the ultrasonic vibrator 13 to generate high-frequency mechanical vibration. After being amplified by the vibrator housing 13, this vibration is transmitted to the drill bit 16 through the drill rod 15, causing high-frequency axial vibration of the drill bit. The vibration parameters (frequency and amplitude) can be adjusted in real time by the controller according to the hardness of the rock sample. For example, in extremely hard rocks, the amplitude can be increased to 15μm.

[0057] S7, Real-time Monitoring and Adaptive Adjustment. The measurement and control system monitors parameters such as drill pressure, displacement, and flow rate in real time, and dynamically adjusts drill pressure, rotation speed, and ultrasonic vibration parameters to achieve adaptive drilling. Controller 27 dynamically adjusts parameters based on sensor feedback: if displacement sensor 5 shows a decrease in drilling speed, controller 27 automatically increases drill pressure or ultrasonic amplitude. If pressure sensor 2 shows excessive drill pressure, the controller reduces drill pressure and increases vibration frequency. Flow meter 24 ensures stable drilling fluid flow; if the flow is abnormal, the controller adjusts the circulation pump speed. All data is displayed in real-time on display 28, allowing the operator to manually intervene or activate fully automatic mode.

[0058] S8, End Drilling. After drilling is complete (e.g., reaching the predetermined depth or time), shut down the systems sequentially: First, shut down the ultrasonic vibration system and stop the current output. Then, shut down the loading system and reset hydraulic cylinder 1. Next, shut down the rotary drilling system and stop motor 4. Shut down the drilling fluid circulation cooling system and stop circulation pump 25. Finally, shut down the measurement and control system and disconnect the power. Loosen the fastening device 19, remove the rock sample 17, and clean the device.

[0059] The design of the digital prototype model, the parameter settings for each material, and the selection of the measuring plane described above are merely preferred embodiments and technical principles of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device, characterized in that: It consists of a frame and loading system, a rotary drilling system, an ultrasonic vibration system, a drilling fluid circulation and cooling system, and a measurement and control system; The frame and loading system include a drilling rig base (22), on which four columns (8) are fixed. The upper ends of the columns (8) are fixed to the top plate (3) to form a support frame. A hydraulic cylinder (1) is installed on the top plate (3). The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (1) extends downward and is connected to the displacement plate (6). Four sliding sleeves (7) are installed at the bottom of the displacement plate (6). The sliding sleeves (7) are fitted on the columns (8). The hydraulic cylinder (1) can drive the displacement plate (6) to slide up and down along the sliding sleeves (7) on the columns (8). Two slide rails (21) are installed on the drilling rig base (22) to cooperate with the sliding water tank (20) of the drilling fluid circulation cooling system. The rotary drilling system consists of a motor (4), a drill rod (15), a drill bit (16), a rock sample (17), a clamping plate (18), and a fastening device (19). The output shaft of the motor (4) passes through a displacement plate (6) and is connected to the upper end of the drill rod (15) via a coupling. The lower end of the drill rod (15) is connected to the drill bit (16) via a thread. The rock sample (17) is placed on a sliding water tank (20) and fixed by the clamping plate (18) and the fastening device (19). The ultrasonic vibration system includes a conductive slip ring (9) fixed on the drill rod (15). The outer ring of the conductive slip ring (9) is fixed to the displacement plate (6) by bolts or welding through a bracket. A flange (10) is located on the top of the vibrator housing (13). The upper end of the spring (11) is connected to the flange (10). The upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic assembly (12) is connected to the lower end of the spring (11), and its lower end is fixedly connected to the vibrator housing (13). The piezoelectric ceramic assembly (12) is connected to the lower end face of the conductive slip ring (9) through a wire (26) to form a rotary electrical connection interface. The vibrator housing (13) is fixed on the drill rod (15) and located below the conductive slip ring (9). The drilling fluid circulation cooling system includes a faucet (14) installed on the upper end of the drill pipe (15), which is connected to a circulation pump (25) through a flexible pipe. The circulation pump (25) is connected to the mud tank (23) through a pipe. The drilling fluid in the mud tank (23) is pumped into the faucet (14) through the circulation pump (25), flows through the internal channel of the drill pipe (15), and is discharged from the drill bit (16) into the sliding water tank (20). The bottom of the sliding water tank (20) is provided with a drain outlet, which is connected to the mud tank (23) through a pipe. The measurement and control system includes a pressure sensor (2), a displacement sensor (5), a flow meter (24), a wire (26), and a controller (27). The pressure sensor (2) is installed on the contact surface between the hydraulic cylinder (1) and the motor (4) to monitor the drilling pressure in real time. The displacement sensor (5) is installed between the top plate (3) and the displacement plate (6) to monitor the drilling displacement and the drilling speed. The flow meter (24) is installed on the flexible pipe connecting the mud pit (23) and the circulating pump (25) to monitor the drilling fluid flow. The controller (27) is connected to the pressure sensor (2), the displacement sensor (5), the flow meter (24), the conductive slip ring (9), the carbon brush (10), and the piezoelectric ceramic plate group (12) through the wire (26).

2. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four columns (8) are fixed to the four corners of the drilling rig base (22) by bolts. The upper end of the column (8) is fixed to the top plate (3) by bolts. The hydraulic cylinder (1) is installed on the top plate (3) by bolts.

3. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two slide rails (21) are used to install the sliding water tank (20). The lower part of the sliding water tank (20) slides in conjunction with the slide rails (21) and can move along the slide rails (21).

4. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor (4) is coaxially arranged with the hydraulic cylinder (1) and connected by a coupling. The motor (4) provides rotational power and is fixed in the middle of the displacement plate (6) by bolts to drive the drill rod (15) and drill bit (16) to rotate, so as to realize the rotary cutting of the drill tool.

5. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill bit (16) can be selected according to the rock sample type, and can be a surface-mounted, impregnated diamond drill bit or a PDC drill bit.

6. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fastening device (19) adopts a screw structure, and its output end is connected to the clamping plate (18). By rotating the screw, the clamping plate (18) is driven to clamp the rock sample (17), thereby fixing the rock sample (17) and ensuring that the rock sample (17) does not move during the drilling process.

7. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive slip ring (9) and the vibrator housing (13) are respectively fixed to the drill rod (15) by bolts. The conductive slip ring (9) is a through-hole thermocouple conductive slip ring, whose inner diameter rotates and outer diameter is fixed.

8. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the piezoelectric ceramic groups (12) is 4.

9. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller (27) can receive signals from the pressure sensor (2), displacement sensor (5), flow meter (24), conductive slip ring (9), and piezoelectric ceramic plate group (12), process the data through the built-in algorithm, and output control signals to the hydraulic cylinder (1), motor (4), circulating pump (25) and ultrasonic vibration system to realize parameter adjustment. It can also convert and amplify all detected signals through the signal processor and display them dynamically in real time on the display (28).

10. The drilling method of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Prepare standard rock samples (17) according to experimental or engineering needs, and record the physical properties of the rock samples; set the initial drilling parameters on the controller 27: drilling pressure, rotation speed, ultrasonic vibration frequency, and amplitude. S2, place the rock sample (17) on the sliding water tank (20), start the fastening device (19), drive the clamping plate (18) to clamp the rock sample (17) by rotating the screw, and ensure that the rock sample (17) does not loosen during the drilling process; S3, apply axial drilling pressure, start the loading system on the display (28), apply axial drilling pressure to the drill rod (15), the controller (27) controls the hydraulic cylinder (1) to drive the displacement plate (6) to move downward, so that the drill bit (16) presses against the surface of the rock sample (17); set the constant pressure or constant speed loading mode through the pressure regulating valve control button; S4, start the circulation pump (25), control the drilling fluid flow rate to the set value by controlling the regulating valve of the circulation pump (25); the drilling fluid is pumped from the mud pit (23) into the faucet (14), flows through the internal channel of the drill pipe (15), is discharged from the drill bit (16), cools the drill bit and carries the cuttings into the sliding water tank (20), and finally returns to the mud pit (23) for circulation; S5, start the motor (4), drive the drill rod (15) and drill bit (16) to rotate at the set speed, and the rotary cutting action begins to break the rock; S6, start the ultrasonic vibration system. The controller (27) transmits current to the piezoelectric ceramic assembly (12) through the conductive slip ring (9). The piezoelectric ceramic assembly (12) excites the vibrator housing (13) to generate high-frequency mechanical vibration. After being amplified by the vibrator housing (13), it is transmitted to the drill bit (16) through the drill rod (15), causing the drill bit to vibrate axially at high frequency. The vibration parameters can be adjusted in real time by the controller according to the rock sample hardness. S7, Real-time monitoring and adaptive adjustment, through the measurement and control system to monitor parameters such as drilling pressure, displacement, and flow rate in real time, and dynamically adjust drilling pressure, rotation speed and ultrasonic vibration parameters to achieve adaptive drilling; the controller (27) dynamically adjusts parameters according to sensor feedback: if the displacement sensor (5) shows a decrease in the drilling speed, the controller (27) automatically increases the drilling pressure or ultrasonic amplitude; if the pressure sensor (2) shows that the drilling pressure is too high, the controller reduces the drilling pressure and increases the vibration frequency; the flow meter (24) ensures that the drilling fluid flow rate is stable, and if the flow rate is abnormal, the controller adjusts the rotation speed of the circulating pump; all data are displayed on the display (28) in real time, and the operator can manually intervene or enable the fully automatic mode; S8, end drilling. After drilling is completed, shut down the system in sequence: first shut down the ultrasonic vibration system and stop the current output; then shut down the loading system and reset the hydraulic cylinder (1); then shut down the rotary drilling system and stop the motor (4); shut down the drilling fluid circulation cooling system and stop the circulation pump (25); finally, shut down the measurement and control system and cut off the power; loosen the fastening device (19), take out the rock sample (17), and clean the device.

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