Method for assembling and adjusting large-diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system

Abstract

The invention discloses an assembling and adjusting method for a large-diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system. The assembling and adjusting method comprises the steps of assembling and adjusting a bearing base ring, assembling and adjusting an axial hydraulic bearing and assembling and adjusting a radial hydraulic bearing. Aiming at a large-diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system adopted by a large-caliber photoelectric telescope, the problems that as the caliber of the telescope is increased to more than 5 meters, a rotary table and a bearing base ring are of a split structure, an interface of a whole-circle seam allowance structure cannot be machined, and the machining cost is low are solved through an assembling and adjusting method adopting a split type guide tool, an alignment tool and a laser tracker as tools. And an adjustment method taking an integral guide tool as a core is not suitable any more. Meanwhile, the assembling method of the split type guide tool is adopted, space is reserved for the interior of the shaft system, and the shaft system can be used for installing a winding mechanism, an electric cabinet and other matched equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shaft system assembly and adjustment of optoelectronic measuring devices, and particularly relates to an assembly and adjustment method for a large-diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system. Background Art

[0002] As a typical optoelectronic detection device, a ground-based optoelectronic telescope plays an extremely important role in the military, astronomy and other research fields of various countries. With the successive successful operation of two Keck telescopes in the United States in 1992 and 1998, the development of large-aperture optoelectronic telescopes in the world has entered the 10-meter era. Currently, there are more than a dozen 5-10-meter aperture optoelectronic telescopes in service, and there are also several 10-meter-plus aperture optoelectronic telescopes under construction. As the aperture of the telescope increases, the load borne by the vertical shaft system at the lower part also increases significantly. For large telescopes with an aperture of more than 5 meters, it can reach hundreds of tons, and for giant telescopes with an aperture of more than 10 meters, it even reaches thousands of tons.

[0003] For traditional 1-4-meter-class optoelectronic telescope vertical shaft systems, a turntable bearing is often used as the shaft system support component to bear the load and provide the rotation axis. Taking the double-row spherical turntable bearing as an example, as Figure 1 shown, the integral-type guiding tooling used for shaft system assembly consists of a fixed inner cylinder 13 that is stationary relative to the base 16 and a rotating outer cylinder 12 that rotates relative to the base 16. Generally, a steel ball group with rolling friction is used between them to reduce the friction of relative movement. The inner ring of the bearing 15 is the rotating part and is assembled with the bottom interface of the turntable 1. The outer ring of the bearing 15 is the fixed part and is assembled with the outer ring interface at the top of the base 16. Before assembly, first assemble the bearing 15 on the outer ring interface at the top of the base 16, and then install the vertical shaft 14 and the fixed inner cylinder 13 of the guiding tooling on the middle interface of the base 16 in sequence. Then, mount a dial indicator on the inner ring of the bearing 15, rotate the inner ring of the bearing 15, and adjust the fixed inner cylinder 13 of the guiding tooling to make it concentric with the rotation axis of the bearing 15. Install the rotating outer cylinder 12 of the guiding tooling at the inner interface inside the turntable 1 and position it by the stop. Lift and install the turntable 1 with the rotating outer cylinder 12 of the guiding tooling, and let it slide down along the fixed inner cylinder 13 of the guiding tooling until the bottom interface of the turntable contacts the upper surface of the inner ring of the bearing 15, completing the assembly of the vertical shaft system.

[0004] Optoelectronic telescopes with an aperture of more than 5 meters have huge loads. Large-sized mechanical rolling bearings are no longer suitable due to cost and manufacturing difficulties. Therefore, large and giant optoelectronic telescopes use liquid hydrostatic bearings in their vertical axis systems. At the same time, due to the huge structure of the telescope and the limitation of extra-wide transportation, the turntable and bearing base ring must adopt a split structure, and the interface of the full-circle stop structure cannot be processed. In addition, the central area of ​​the vertical axis system must reserve space for supporting equipment such as the winding mechanism and the electric control box, which is not convenient for extending the rigid structure inward and reserving interfaces for the self-contained guide tooling. Therefore, the assembly and adjustment method used by the vertical axis system of traditional 1-4 meter optoelectronic telescopes, which is centered on the self-contained guide tooling, is no longer suitable.

[0005] Based on the above technical problems, technical personnel in this field urgently need to develop a method for assembling and adjusting a large-diameter hydraulic vertical axis system to solve the problem that the existing method for the vertical axis system of 1-4 meter optoelectronic telescopes, which is based on a self-contained guiding tooling, cannot meet the assembly and adjustment requirements of large telescopes with an aperture of more than 5 meters and giant telescopes with an aperture of more than 10 meters. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for assembling and adjusting a large-diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system. By adopting a split-type guide tool, an alignment tool and a laser tracker as tools, the present invention solves the problem that as the telescope aperture increases to more than 5 meters, the turntable and the bearing base ring both adopt a split structure, and the interface of the full-circle stop structure cannot be processed, and the assembly method with the integral guide tool as the core is no longer suitable.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The invention discloses a large-diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system installation and adjustment method, which is a large telescope vertical shaft system using liquid static pressure technology. After the cement foundation pier of the telescope station tower is cast, the installation and adjustment method is used. The installation and adjustment method uses a turntable, an axial oil pad, a radial oil pad seat, a radial oil pad, a bearing base ring, a cement foundation pier, a leveling mechanism, a guide tool, an alignment tool and a laser tracker. The installation and adjustment method comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Install and adjust the bearing base ring:

[0010] Install multiple sets of leveling mechanisms on the pre-buried anchor bolt array on the surface of the tower base pier at the telescope site;

[0011] Each segment of the bearing base ring is hoisted above the multiple sets of leveling mechanisms;

[0012] A laser tracker is set up at the rotation center of the shaft system, and combined with multiple sets of leveling mechanisms under each segment of the bearing base ring, the flatness and cylindricity of the bearing base ring are adjusted to meet the use requirements of axial and radial hydraulic bearings respectively;

[0013] Step 2: Assembling and adjusting the axial hydraulic bearing:

[0014] Reserve positions below the turntable and install groups of axial oil pads with equal adjusted heights in advance;

[0015] Install three groups of guiding toolings at another reserved position below the turntable;

[0016] Perform preliminary centering using the guiding toolings, hoist the turntable onto the bearing base ring, and ensure that each axial oil pad is in good contact with the bearing base ring;

[0017] Connect the oil supply system of the axial oil pads;

[0018] Step 3: Assembling and adjusting the radial hydraulic bearing:

[0019] a. Taking one group of guiding toolings as a reference, transfer the reference to an adjacent group of radial oil pad seats by installing alignment toolings, and assemble it with another reserved interface at the bottom of the turntable;

[0020] b. Remove the alignment toolings, set up a laser tracker at the center of the shafting, install the remaining two groups of radial oil pad seats at the other two reserved interfaces at the bottom of the turntable respectively, and adjust the three groups of radial oil pad seats to meet the theoretical coaxial diameter;

[0021] c. Install radial oil pads corresponding to the three groups of radial oil pad seats, and use metal films with a thickness equal to the designed value of the radial oil film thickness between the radial oil pads and the bearing base ring;

[0022] d. Remove the three groups of guiding toolings;

[0023] e. Remove the metal films;

[0024] f. Connect the oil supply system of the radial oil pads, manually push the turntable, and simultaneously detect whether the three groups of radial oil pads are working properly.

[0025] Furthermore, the bearing base ring respectively has an upper surface A, a reference cylindrical surface B, and an outer cylindrical surface C.

[0026] Furthermore, in the above Step 1, adjust the flatness of the upper surface A of the bearing base ring to meet the usage requirements of the axial hydraulic bearing;

[0027] Indirectly ensure the overall cylindricity of the outer cylindrical surface C of the bearing base ring by adjusting the overall cylindricity of the reference cylindrical surface B inside the bearing base ring to meet the usage requirements of the radial hydraulic bearing.

[0028] Furthermore, in the above Step 2, after installing the three groups of guiding toolings, use a laser tracker to preliminarily adjust each group of guiding toolings to initially meet the coaxial diameter with the reference cylindrical surface B inside the bearing base ring, and use a laser tracker to preliminarily adjust each group of guiding toolings.

[0029] Preferably, in the second step, after connecting the oil supply system of the axial oil pad, use a micrometer to measure whether the oil film thickness of the axial hydraulic bearing reaches the design requirements;

[0030] Subsequently, manually push the turntable and simultaneously detect whether each axial oil pad is working properly.

[0031] Further, after the third step is completed, assemble the remaining radial oil pads according to a - c in the third step until the installation and adjustment of the vertical axis hydraulic bearing are completed.

[0032] In the above technical solution, an installation and adjustment method for a large - diameter hydraulic vertical axis system provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The installation and adjustment method for a large - diameter hydraulic vertical axis system of the present invention is directed at the large - diameter hydraulic vertical axis system used in large - aperture optical telescopes. By adopting a sub - assembled guiding tooling, as well as an alignment tooling and a laser tracker - based installation and adjustment method, it solves the problem that as the telescope aperture increases to more than 5 meters, the turntable and the bearing base ring both adopt a split structure, and it is impossible to machine the interface of the integral circle stop structure, and the installation and adjustment method centered on the integral - type guiding tooling is no longer suitable. At the same time, the assembly method using the sub - assembled guiding tooling also reserves space inside the axis system, which can be used to install supporting equipment such as a winding mechanism and an electric control box. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the typical vertical axis system structure of a 1 - 4 - meter - class optical telescope with an integral - type guiding tooling described in the background technology of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the vertical axis system of a large - scale and giant optical telescope using a hydrostatic bearing;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of splicing and adjusting a segmented bearing base ring through a leveling mechanism in an installation and adjustment method for a large - diameter hydraulic vertical axis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of trial - fitting an axial oil pad and a bearing base ring through a guiding tooling in an installation and adjustment method for a large - diameter hydraulic vertical axis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5In the alignment method for a large-diameter hydraulic vertical axis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, by means of an alignment tooling, with a set of guiding tooling as a reference, the schematic diagram of the first group of radial oil pad seats is adjusted;

[0040] Figure 6 In the alignment method for a large-diameter hydraulic vertical axis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, a laser tracker is used to adjust the schematic diagrams of the remaining groups of radial oil pad seats.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0042] 1, turntable; 2, axial oil pad; 3, radial oil pad seat; 4, radial oil pad; 5, bearing base ring; 6, cement foundation pier; 7, leveling mechanism; 8, guiding tooling; 9, alignment tooling; 10, laser tracker;

[0043] A, upper surface; B, reference cylindrical surface; C, outer cylindrical surface. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] See Figures 2 to 6 as shown;

[0046] For an alignment method for a large-diameter hydraulic vertical axis system of the present invention, a large telescope vertical axis system adopting the hydrostatic technology. After the cement foundation pier of the telescope site tower is poured, this alignment method is used. This alignment method generally includes components such as a turntable 1, an axial oil pad 2, a radial oil pad seat 3, a radial oil pad 4, a bearing base ring 5, a cement foundation pier 6, and a leveling mechanism 7. As Figure 2 shown, for a large telescope with a diameter of more than 5 meters, the diameter of the bearing base ring 5 is generally more than 8 meters, and the overall processing difficulty is very high. At the same time, it is also necessary to consider avoiding over-width transportation. Therefore, a segmented assembly structure is adopted.

[0047] The large telescope adopts multiple groups of axial oil pads 2 and radial oil pads 4 distributed along the circumference, and is arranged according to the load and combined with the structure of the upper turntable. The axial oil pad 2 is assembled with the reserved interface at the bottom of the turntable 1. The radial oil pad 4 is assembled with the reserved interface separately provided at the bottom of the turntable 1 through the radial oil pad seat 3.

[0048] During the alignment process, guiding tooling 8, alignment tooling 9, and a laser tracker 10 are also adopted.

[0049] This alignment method includes the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Align the bearing base ring 5:

[0051] Install multiple sets of leveling mechanisms 7 on the array of anchor bolts pre-embedded on the surface of the foundation pier of the telescope site tower;

[0052] Hoist each segment of the bearing base ring 5 above multiple sets of leveling mechanisms 7 respectively;

[0053] Install a laser tracker 10 at the center of the axis system rotation. In combination with multiple sets of leveling mechanisms 7 below each segment of the bearing base ring 5, adjust the overall flatness of the upper surface A of the bearing base ring 5 to meet the usage requirements of the axial hydraulic bearing. At the same time, by adjusting the overall cylindricity of the inner reference cylindrical surface B of the bearing base ring 5, indirectly ensure the overall cylindricity of the outer cylindrical surface C of the bearing base ring 5 to meet the usage requirements of the radial hydraulic bearing;

[0054] Step Two: Assemble and adjust the axial hydraulic bearing:

[0055] At the reserved position below the turntable 1, install each group of axial oil pads 2 that have been adjusted to the same height in advance;

[0056] At another reserved position below the turntable 1, install three groups of guiding tooling 8, and use the laser tracker 10 to preliminarily adjust each group of guiding tooling 8 to preliminarily meet the requirement of being co-circular with the diameter of the inner reference cylindrical surface B of the bearing base ring 5;

[0057] Adopt the guiding tooling 8 for preliminary centering, hoist the turntable 1 onto the bearing base ring 5 to ensure that each axial oil pad 2 is in good contact with the bearing base ring 5, as Figure 4 shown;

[0058] Connect the oil supply system of the axial oil pads 2, and use a micrometer to measure whether the oil film thickness of the axial hydraulic bearing can reach the design requirement, generally several tens of micrometers;

[0059] Manually push the turntable 1, and at the same time detect whether each axial oil pad 2 is working properly.

[0060] Step Three: Assemble and adjust the radial hydraulic bearing:

[0061] a. Taking one group of guiding tooling 8 as the reference, through installing the alignment tooling 9, transfer the reference to an adjacent group of radial oil pad seats 3, and assemble it with another reserved interface at the bottom of the turntable 1;

[0062] b. Remove the alignment tooling 9, install a laser tracker 10 at the center of the axis system, install the remaining two groups of radial oil pad seats 3 at the other two reserved interfaces at the bottom of the turntable 1 respectively, and adjust the three groups of radial oil pad seats 3 to meet the theoretical co-circular diameter;

[0063] c. Install the radial oil pads 4 corresponding to the three groups of radial oil pad seats 3, and use a metal film with a thickness equal to the designed value of the radial oil film thickness between the radial oil pads 4 and the bearing base ring 5;

[0064] d. Remove the three groups of guiding tooling 8;

[0065] e. Remove the metal film;

[0066] f. Connect the oil supply system of the radial oil pad 4, manually push the turntable 1, and at the same time detect whether the three groups of radial oil pads 4 are working properly;

[0067] g. Assemble the remaining radial oil pads 4 according to a - c in step three until the assembly and adjustment of the vertical axis hydraulic bearing are completed.

[0068] Only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described by way of illustration above. Undoubtedly, for those of ordinary skill in the art, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assembling and adjusting a large diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system, characterized in that: The installation and adjustment method uses a turntable (1), an axial oil pad (2), a radial oil pad seat (3), a radial oil pad (4), a bearing base ring (5), a cement base pier (6), a leveling mechanism (7), a guide tool (8), an alignment tool (9) and a laser tracker (10), and comprises the following steps: Step 1: Install and adjust the bearing base ring (5): Installing multiple sets of leveling mechanisms (7) on an array of anchor bolts pre-buried on the surface of the tower base pier at the telescope site; Each segment of the bearing base ring (5) is hoisted above the multiple sets of leveling mechanisms (7); A laser tracker (10) is set up at the rotation center of the shaft system, and combined with multiple sets of leveling mechanisms (7) under each segment of the bearing base ring (5), the flatness and cylindricity of the bearing base ring (5) are adjusted to meet the use requirements of the axial and radial hydraulic bearings respectively; Step 2: Install and adjust the axial hydraulic bearing: In a reserved position below the turntable (1), install groups of axial oil pads (2) adjusted to the same height in advance; Three sets of guide fixtures (8) are installed at a reserved position below the turntable (1); Use the guide fixture (8) to perform preliminary centering, and hoist the turntable (1) onto the bearing base ring (5), ensuring that each axial oil pad (2) is in good contact with the bearing base ring (5); Connecting the oil supply system of the axial oil pad (2); Step 3: Install and adjust the radial hydraulic bearing: a. Using one set of guide fixtures (8) as a reference, the reference is transferred to an adjacent set of radial oil pad seats (3) by installing an alignment fixture (9), and the radial oil pad seats (3) are assembled with a reserved interface provided at the bottom of the turntable (1); b. Remove the alignment tool (9), set up a laser tracker (10) at the center of the shaft system, install the remaining two sets of radial oil pads (3) at two other reserved interfaces at the bottom of the turntable (1), and adjust the three sets of radial oil pads (3) to meet the theoretical common circle diameter; c. Install radial oil pads (4) corresponding to the three sets of radial oil pad seats (3), and use a metal film with a thickness equal to the design value of the radial oil film thickness between the radial oil pads (4) and the bearing base ring (5); d. dismantle the three sets of guide fixtures (8); e. Remove the metal film; f. Connect the oil supply system of the radial oil pads (4), manually push the turntable (1), and simultaneously check whether the three groups of radial oil pads (4) are working normally.

2. The method for assembling and adjusting a large diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing base ring (5) respectively comprises an upper surface (A), a reference cylindrical surface (B) and an outer cylindrical surface (C).

3. The method for assembling and adjusting a large diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 1, the flatness of the upper surface (A) of the bearing base ring (5) is adjusted to meet the use requirements of the axial hydraulic bearing; By adjusting the overall cylindricity of the inner reference cylindrical surface (B) of the bearing base ring (5), the overall cylindricity of the outer cylindrical surface (C) of the bearing base ring (5) is indirectly guaranteed, thereby meeting the use requirements of the radial hydraulic bearing.

4. The method for assembling and adjusting a large diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 2, after installing the three sets of guide fixtures (8), a laser tracker is used to preliminarily adjust each set of guide fixtures (8) to preliminarily meet the requirement of being cocircular with the diameter of the reference cylindrical surface (B) in the bearing base ring (5), and a laser tracker (10) is used to preliminarily adjust each set of guide fixtures (8).

5. The method for assembling and adjusting a large diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second step, after the oil supply system of the axial oil pad (2) is connected, a micrometer is used to measure whether the oil film thickness of the axial hydraulic bearing meets the design requirements; Then, the turntable (1) is manually pushed, and at the same time, each axial oil pad (2) is checked to see whether it is working normally.

6. The method for assembling and adjusting a large diameter hydraulic vertical shaft system according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the step three is completed, the remaining radial oil pads (4) are assembled according to steps a to c in step three until the vertical shaft system hydraulic bearing assembly and adjustment are completed.

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