Compound fertilizer for improving yield and quality of tea garden as well as preparation method and application of compound fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of a tea garden as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The compound fertilizer is prepared from an intelligent fertilizer and a nitrification inhibitor, the intelligent fertilizer is composed of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 22: 10: 15; the mass of the nitrification inhibitor is 0.8%-1.6% of the nitrogen content in the mixed fertilizer; the nitrogen content is calculated by pure nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen is not included in the nitrogen content; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and ground phosphate rock; the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate; the nitrification inhibitor is dimethyl pyrophosphate (DMPP); according to the compound fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are scientifically proportioned, and dimethyl pyrophosphate (DMPP) is added as a nitrification inhibitor, so that a proper amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied while the nitrogen fertilizers are applied, the conversion from ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen is delayed, the retention time of nitrogen in soil is obviously prolonged, nitrogen nutrients are better provided for the tea trees, and the yield of the tea trees is increased. Finally, the yield and quality of the tea garden are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tea fertilization, and specifically relates to a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tea trees are one of the important cash crops in China, and have special requirements for fertilizers. Ordinary fertilizers on the current market are difficult to meet the growth needs of tea trees, and there are problems such as rapid nutrient loss and low utilization rate during use. At the same time, nitrogen in fertilizers is prone to nitrification in the soil, resulting in nitrogen loss.

[0003] Tea trees are perennial ammonium-loving crops. According to the growth and fertilizer requirement laws of tea trees, nitrification inhibitors can inhibit the activity of nitrite bacteria in the soil, delay the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, and can significantly prolong the retention time of nitrogen in the soil. Compared with ordinary urea, the concentration of NH-N is significantly increased and can last for a long time; it can better provide nitrogen nutrients for tea trees.

[0004] During the growth process of tea trees, the demand for nitrogen is relatively large. In the existing technology, most fertilizers are applied and managed by applying a large amount of urea and applying a small amount or no phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Although applying urea can meet the demand for quickly providing a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, it will cause problems such as soil compaction and a decrease in organic matter content. At the same time, nitrifying bacteria in the soil will convert a part of the ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen and lose it, resulting in waste of fertilizers.

[0005] According to investigations, the main problems in the fertilization process of farmers in the tea gardens of Yuanyang Terraces in Yunnan are that local farmers overemphasize nitrogen fertilizer and neglect phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and at the same time, topdressing is only carried out in the early stage of picking spring tea and summer tea, and no base fertilizer is applied.

[0006] In summary, in the prior art, the following technical problems lead to low yield and poor quality of tea gardens: 1. Nitrogen in the tea garden fertilizer is prone to nitrification in the soil, resulting in nitrogen loss; 2. Increasing the application rate of urea due to easy loss of nitrogen will cause problems such as soil compaction and a decrease in organic matter content, which will affect the growth of tea trees and cause waste of fertilizers.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a compound fertilizer that can improve the yield and quality of tea gardens, which can solve the problems in the prior art that tea gardens overemphasize nitrogen fertilizer and neglect phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, resulting in low yield and poor quality of tea gardens. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens, a preparation method and an application thereof. The compound fertilizer, through the scientific ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and adding dimethyl pyrophosphate (DMPP) as a nitrification inhibitor, can apply appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers while applying nitrogen fertilizer, and by inhibiting the activity of nitrite bacteria in the soil and delaying the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, significantly extend the retention time of nitrogen in the soil, better provide nitrogen nutrients for tea trees, and ultimately improve the yield and quality of tea gardens;

[0009] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens, comprising: intelligent fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor; the intelligent fertilizer is obtained by mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to a mass ratio;

[0011] In the intelligent fertilizer, the mass percentage of pure nutrient content in nitrogen fertilizer: phosphorus fertilizer: potassium fertilizer N:P2O5:K2O is 22:10:15; the mass of the nitrification inhibitor is 0.8%-1.6% of the nitrogen content in the intelligent fertilizer; the nitrogen content is calculated based on pure nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen is not included in the nitrogen content;

[0012] Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the phosphorus fertilizer is one or several of superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and phosphate rock powder; the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate; the nitrification inhibitor is dimethyl pyrophosphate (DMPP);

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a preparation method of the above compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1: Mix and stir nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor according to the above mass ratio to obtain a primary material;

[0015] S2: Crush the primary material obtained in S1 to obtain a middle material; granulate the middle material to obtain a semi-finished granule;

[0016] S3: Screen the semi-finished granule obtained in S2 to obtain qualified granules and unqualified granules; return the unqualified granules to S1 above;

[0017] S4: Dry, cool and classify the qualified granules obtained in S3 in sequence to obtain classified qualified granules and classified unqualified granules; return the classified unqualified granules to step S2 for crushing and re-granulation;

[0018] S5: Coat and encapsulate the classified qualified granules obtained in S4 to obtain a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens;

[0019] Furthermore, the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens is stored in sealed bags and placed in a ventilated area.

[0020] Another object of the present invention is to provide the above application for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens, including:

[0021] Applying the above compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens as a base fertilizer at a total application rate of 1200 - 1400 kg / hm2 during the annual fallow period, and topdressing before the spring tea sprouts.

[0022] Furthermore, the application rate of the base fertilizer is 70% of the total application rate; the application rate of the topdressing is 30% of the total application rate.

[0023] Furthermore, the total application rate is 1363 kg / hectare.

[0024] Furthermore, the fallow period is November every year; before the spring tea sprouts is late February every year; the application method is ditch application, and the application depth is 30 CM.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] Compared with the existing technology, in which most fertilizers are applied and managed by applying a large amount of urea and a small amount or no application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens provided by the present invention first scientifically ratios the weight ratio between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, optimally selects sulfur-based fertilizers, and adds nitrification inhibitors; and further improves and optimizes the depth and fertilization timing.

[0027] Through experimental verification, it is proved that applying the compound fertilizer of the present invention to the sloping farmland soil of medium and low-yield tea gardens in Yunnan can significantly advance the sprouting time of spring tea by about ten days compared with conventional fertilization, so that an additional picking of tea leaves can be carried out during spring tea, increasing the tea leaf yield by 89.9%, and significantly improving the spring tea yield.

[0028] In the medium and low-yield tea gardens in Yunnan applied with the technical solution of the present invention, the soluble sugar content in the new shoots of spring tea leaves has increased by 3.32%, the amino acid content has significantly increased by 14.04%, and the phenol-ammonia ratio has significantly decreased by 11.17%; that is, by applying the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens of the present invention, the quality of tea leaves in the tea garden can be improved, and the freshness of the green tea soup can be enhanced. Detailed implementation method

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] In this embodiment, a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of a tea garden includes: intelligent fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor; the intelligent fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer obtained by mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer according to a mass ratio;

[0032] In the mixed fertilizer, the mass percentage of pure nutrient content in nitrogen fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: potassium fertilizer N:P2O5:K2O is 22:10:15; the mass of the nitrification inhibitor is 0.8%-1.6% of the nitrogen content in the mixed fertilizer; the nitrogen content is calculated based on pure nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen is not included in the nitrogen content;

[0033] Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of single superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and phosphate rock powder; the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate; the nitrification inhibitor is dimethyl pyrophosphate (DMPP);

[0034] In the present invention, since tea trees are easily damaged by chlorine, potassium sulfate-based fertilizers are selected as the potassium fertilizer instead of potassium chloride.

[0035] Embodiment 2

[0036] In this embodiment, the present invention provides a preparation method for the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of a tea garden in the above Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0037] S1: Mix and stir nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and nitrification inhibitor according to the above mass ratio to obtain a primary material;

[0038] S2: Crush the primary material obtained in S1 to obtain a middle material; granulate the middle material to obtain a semi-finished granule;

[0039] S3: Screen the semi-finished granule obtained in S2 to obtain qualified granules and unqualified granules; return the unqualified granules to S1 above;

[0040] S4: Dry, cool, and classify the qualified granules obtained in S3 in sequence to obtain classified qualified granules and classified unqualified granules; return the classified unqualified granules to step S2 for crushing and re-granulation;

[0041] S5: Coat and encapsulate the classified qualified granules obtained in S4 to obtain a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of a tea garden;

[0042] In this embodiment, the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens in the bagging packaging is stored in a ventilated place.

[0043] In the above S1, horizontal mixers or pan mixers can be used for mixing and stirring.

[0044] In the above S2, a chain crusher is mainly used for crushing, aiming to crush large lumps of raw materials to facilitate subsequent granulation and processing.

[0045] In the above S3, a drum granulator can be used for the granulation process, or a pair-roll extrusion granulator, a disc granulator, etc. can also be selected. Step S3 is the granulation step, which is an essential and most important link in the compound fertilizer production process.

[0046] In the above S4, for the classification operation, a rotary screen is generally used, aiming to obtain fertilizer particles with qualified quality.

[0047] In the above S5, for the coating and film-forming step, its function is to increase the brightness and roundness of the particles and make the appearance more beautiful. Generally, a film-forming machine is used for film-forming.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] In this embodiment, the application of a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens aims to disclose the specific application method of a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens of the present invention:

[0050] Specifically, for a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens of the present invention, a total application amount of 61200 - 1400 kg / hm 2 is used as the base fertilizer during the fallow period of the tea garden every year, and topdressing is carried out before the spring tea germinates.

[0051] The application amount of the base fertilizer is 70% of the total application amount; the application amount of the topdressing is 30% of the total application amount.

[0052] In this embodiment, the fallow period is November every year; before the spring tea germinates is the end of February every year; the application method is ditch application, and the application depth is 30 CM; this application method has been verified by the inventor through experiments and is different from the conventional fertilization methods of farmers in the prior art.

[0053] The conventional fertilization method of farmers is: the nitrogen application amount is 360 kg / hm2, no phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied, no base fertilizer is applied, and topdressing is carried out before spring tea and summer tea. The fertilization depth is 15 cm, and the fertilization method is ditch application.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] A compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens, which is a green intelligent fertilizer for tea trees developed by the inventor for the sloping cultivated land soil of medium- and low-yield tea gardens in Yunnan. It is obtained through a large number of experimental explorations and is a compound fertilizer verified through experiments.

[0056] Specifically, the inventor's experimental process is as follows:

[0057] The test plot is located in the tea garden of Oule Tea Factory, Niujiaozhai Town, Yuanyang County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and the tea tree variety is the population variety. The following two treatments are set in the experiment:

[0058] CK: Conventional fertilization by farmers; the nitrogen application rate is 360 kg / hm2, no phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied, no base fertilizer is applied, and top dressing is carried out before spring tea and summer tea. The fertilization depth is 15 cm, and the fertilization method is ditch application.

[0059] NF: Special intelligent fertilizer for tea trees with nitrification inhibitor added; the nitrogen application rate is 300 kg / hm2, P2O5 is 136.5 kg / hm2, K2O is 204 kg / hm2. The fertilization time is optimized according to the local farmers' conventional fertilization habits. The base fertilizer is heavily applied, and the base fertilizer is applied during the fallow period in November every year. Top dressing is carried out before the spring tea germinates at the end of February. At the same time, according to the spatial distribution law of the tea tree roots, the fertilization depth is optimized, and ditch application of 30 cm is adopted.

[0060] Each treatment has three replicates, and each plot is 30 m 2 , and the plots are randomly arranged in blocks. The one-bud-two-leaf of spring tea and summer tea are picked to measure the yield. At the same time, the new shoots of spring tea and summer tea are picked to measure the tea quality (amino acids, tea polyphenols, soluble sugars, water extracts, and catechins);

[0061] Measure various effect parameters of the above two treatments and obtain the following parameters:

[0062] 1. Comparison of spring tea and summer tea yields

[0063] As shown in Table 1 below, compared with conventional fertilization, in the tea garden applying the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens of the present invention, the germination time of spring tea is advanced by about ten days; the tea garden treated with the present invention picks one more batch of tea than the tea garden with conventional fertilization, significantly increasing the spring tea yield by 87%.

[0064] Table 1 Fresh leaf yields of spring tea and summer tea under two treatments

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] 2. Quality comparison

[0068] As shown in Table 2 below, compared with conventional fertilization, in the tea gardens where a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens of the present invention is applied, the soluble sugar content in the new shoots of spring tea leaves has increased by 3.32%, the amino acid content has significantly increased by 14.04%, and the phenol-ammonia ratio has significantly decreased by 11.17%. That is, the tea gardens applying a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens of the present invention can improve the quality of tea leaves in the tea gardens and enhance the freshness of the green tea soup.

[0069] Table 2 Quality indicators of spring tea and summer tea

[0070]

[0071] Example 5

[0072] In this example, the production process flow of the compound fertilizer is introduced as follows:

[0073] The production process flow of the compound fertilizer is generally: raw material batching, mixing and stirring, caking and crushing, material granulation, primary screening, particle drying, particle cooling, secondary classification of particles, coating of finished particles, quantitative packaging of finished particles, etc.

[0074] The production process flow of the compound fertilizer is raw material batching → stirring and mixing → crushing caking → granulation → primary screening → particle drying → particle cooling → secondary screening → coating of finished particles → quantitative packaging of finished products.

[0075] 1. Batching of raw materials: Generally, raw materials such as urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate (monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate, ordinary superphosphate), potassium chloride (potassium sulfate) can be selected and prepared in a certain proportion (mainly determined according to local market demand and local soil test results);

[0076] 2. Mixing and stirring: Stir the prepared raw materials evenly to improve the overall uniform fertilizer efficiency content of the fertilizer particles, and use a horizontal mixer or a pan mixer for mixing and stirring;

[0077] 3. Caking and crushing: Crush the large lumps of the evenly mixed and stirred raw materials for subsequent granulation processing, mainly using a chain crusher, etc.;

[0078] 4. Material granulation: Feed the evenly stirred and crushed materials into a granulator through a belt conveyor for granulation (a rotary drum granulator can be used, or a pair-roll extrusion granulator, a disc granulator, etc. can also be selected). This step is an essential and most important link in the production process flow of the compound fertilizer;

[0079] 5. Primary screening: Preliminarily screen the particle semi-finished products, and return the unqualified particles to the mixing and stirring link for reprocessing. Generally, a drum screen is used;

[0080] 6. Granule drying: The granules produced by the granulator and passed through the first-stage screening are sent to a dryer to dry the moisture contained in the granules, increase the granule strength, and facilitate storage. Generally, a rotary dryer is used.

[0081] 7. Granule cooling: The temperature of the dried fertilizer granules is too high and they are prone to caking. After cooling, they are convenient for bagging and storage, and transportation. A cooler is used for cooling.

[0082] 8. Second-stage granule classification: The cooled granules are classified. The unqualified granules are crushed and regranulated, and the qualified products are screened out. A second-stage rotary screening machine can be used for screening.

[0083] 9. Coating of finished product granules: The qualified products are coated to increase the brightness and roundness of the granules, making the appearance more beautiful. Generally, a coating machine is used for coating.

[0084] 10. Quantitative packaging of finished product granules: The coated granules, that is, the finished product granules, are sent to a silo for temporary storage through a belt conveyor, and then automatically quantitatively packaged and sealed with an electronic quantitative packaging scale, sewing machine, etc., and stored in a ventilated place to achieve full automation.

[0085] Example 6

[0086] In this example, the dosage ratios of various fertilizers for fertilizers without preparing finished fertilizers are introduced:

[0087] In the prior art, the nitrogen content of urea is 46%, and the application rate of pure nitrogen is 300 kg / mu. Therefore, when used to prepare the finished fertilizer of the present invention, it needs to be calculated at 652 kg / ha; the phosphorus content of superphosphate is 14%, and the dosage is 136 kg / mu. Therefore, when used to prepare the finished fertilizer of the present invention, the dosage of superphosphate is 975 kg / ha; the potassium content of potassium sulfate is 54%, and the application rate is 204 kg / mu. The amount used to prepare the finished fertilizer is 392 kg / ha.

[0088] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, according to the content of this specification, many modifications and changes can be made. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principle and practical application of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and utilize the present invention well. The present invention is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens, characterized in that: include: Smart fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor; the smart fertilizer is obtained by mixing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to mass proportion; The mass percentage of pure nutrient content in the mixed fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2O is 22:10:15; the mass of the nitrification inhibitor is 0.8%-1.6% of the nitrogen content in the mixed fertilizer; the nitrogen content is calculated based on pure nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen is not included in the nitrogen content.

2. A compound fertilizer for improving tea garden yield and quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of calcium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, and phosphate rock powder; the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate; and the nitrification inhibitor is dimethyl pyrophosphate.

3. A method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of a tea garden, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: mixing and stirring the nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor according to the above mass ratio to obtain an initial material; S2: The primary material obtained in S1 is crushed to obtain a medium material; the medium material is granulated to obtain a granular semi-finished product; S3: Screening the semi-finished particles obtained in S2 to obtain qualified particles and unqualified particles; the unqualified particles are returned to the above S1; S4: drying, cooling and classifying the qualified particles obtained in S3 in sequence to obtain qualified particles and unqualified particles; returning the unqualified particles to step S2 for crushing and re-granulation; S5: coating and film-packing the qualified particles obtained in S4 to obtain the finished fertilizer of the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens as claimed in claim 1.

4. A method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving tea garden yield and quality according to claim 3, characterized in that: The finished fertilizer needs to be packaged in sealed bags and stored in a ventilated place.

5. An application of compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens, characterized in that: The finished product of the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of tea gardens is applied to tea trees in medium and low yield tea gardens.

6. The use of a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of a tea garden according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method of applying the finished fertilizer is: applying base fertilizer during the annual garden-resting period, and applying topdressing fertilizer before the spring tea sprouts.

7. The use of a compound fertilizer for improving tea garden yield and quality according to claim 6, characterized in that: The total application amount of the finished fertilizer is 1200-1400 kg / hm 2 ; The application amount of the base fertilizer is 70% of the total application amount; the application amount of the topdressing fertilizer is 30% of the total application amount.

8. The use of a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of a tea garden according to claim 7, characterized in that: The total application rate was 1363 kg / hectare.

9. The use of a compound fertilizer for improving tea garden yield and quality according to claim 8, wherein the garden rest period is November each year; the spring tea sprouts before the end of February each year; the application method is furrow application, and the application depth is 30 cm.

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