Fertilizer special for forage grass production for marginal land and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a forage grass production special fertilizer for marginal land and a preparation method thereof. The special fertilizer is prepared from melatonin, a nitrification inhibitor, humic acid, a seaweed extract, a porous mineral carrier, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium source, trace elements, a binder and the like according to a specific ratio through a staged coating process. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly preparing the functionalized core particles, then sequentially loading the stress-resistant functional layer, constructing the full-nutrition layer and selectively wrapping the controlled-release layer. According to the invention, plant stress resistance induction, nitrification inhibition, organic activation and nutrient slow release technologies are organically combined, and the problems of low utilization rate of conventional fertilizers on marginal land, aggravated soil degradation, limited stress resistance improvement, serious nitrogen loss and the like are solved. The special fertilizer is suitable for forage grass crop planting in marginal land such as saline-alkali land and desertification land, and can synergistically realize multiple goals of high yield and high quality of forage grass, soil improvement and fertility improvement and environmental pollution prevention and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizer technology, specifically relating to a special fertilizer for improving soil conditions in marginal lands such as saline-alkali land and sandy land, and significantly increasing the yield and quality of forage, as well as its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of animal husbandry and the in-depth implementation of the "grain-to-feed" policy, the domestic market demand for high-quality forage continues to grow. However, my country's arable land resources are becoming increasingly constrained, and developing and utilizing marginal land resources such as saline-alkali land and sandy land to grow forage has become an important way to ensure feed supply security and improve the ecological environment. Marginal lands generally suffer from poor soil structure, lack of organic matter, high salt content, or poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, which seriously restricts the high-yield and high-quality production of forage.

[0003] Currently, most fertilizer products suitable for marginal lands are conventional compound fertilizers or soil conditioners, and their application effects have significant limitations: First, conventional fertilizers suffer severe nutrient leaching losses in sandy soils, and in saline-alkali soils, nutrient availability is reduced due to ion antagonism, resulting in generally low fertilizer utilization rates; Second, excessive application of chemical fertilizers easily exacerbates soil compaction and secondary salinization, damaging the soil micro-ecological environment; Third, existing fertilizers lack stress-resistance components, making it difficult to effectively alleviate the inhibition of forage growth by salt and drought stress, leading to low forage biomass and poor quality, manifested in insufficient crude protein content and excessive nitrate accumulation; Fourth, nitrification is vigorous in marginal soils, with ammonium nitrogen rapidly converting to nitrate nitrogen, causing not only a large loss of nitrogen through leaching and denitrification but also exacerbating greenhouse gas emissions and non-point source pollution.

[0004] In recent years, although some specialized fertilizers for saline-alkali land have emerged, their functions are mostly limited to providing nutrients or simply adding organic matter, failing to fundamentally solve the problem of efficient nutrient utilization and synergistic regulation of stress resistance and growth promotion in forage production on marginal lands. For example, while adding humic acid or organic fertilizer can improve soil structure, its effect on controlling nitrogen loss is limited; the use of nitrification inhibitors can delay nitrogen transformation, but lacks the function of enhancing the plant's own stress resistance; and the application of exogenous plant growth regulators has problems such as poor stability and poor compatibility with fertilizers.

[0005] Therefore, developing a multifunctional special fertilizer that can simultaneously achieve slow-release nutrient enhancement, precise inhibition of nitrification, and significant improvement in plant stress resistance is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of the forage industry on marginal land. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention discloses a special fertilizer for forage production on marginal lands and its preparation method. This invention aims to overcome the limitations of traditional fertilizers with singular efficacy in marginal land applications. Its core lies in the cross-domain systemic integration of plant stress-resistance active substances, nitrification inhibition technology, and a complete nutrient slow-release system. It utilizes melatonin as a plant stress-resistance signaling factor, scientifically combining it with highly efficient nitrification inhibitors, and through a multi-level coating process, combining it with essential plant nutrients to develop a special fertilizer specifically for stress-resistance, yield increase, and quality improvement of forage crops under saline-alkali, desertified, and other marginal land conditions.

[0007] This invention includes the following specific technical solutions:

[0008] A special fertilizer for forage production on marginal land is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0009] Melatonin 0.001-0.01 parts;

[0010] Nitrification inhibitor 0.5-3.0 parts;

[0011] 12-22 parts of humic acid;

[0012] 4-8 parts of seaweed extract;

[0013] 26-40 parts of porous mineral carrier;

[0014] 14-26 parts of nitrogen source, calculated as N element;

[0015] 9-16 parts of phosphorus source, calculated as P2O5;

[0016] Potassium source: 7-14 parts, calculated as K2O;

[0017] 0.8-2.5 parts of trace element compound;

[0018] 1.5-4.5 parts adhesive;

[0019] The preparation method of the special fertilizer includes a staged coating and granulation step.

[0020] Furthermore, in the aforementioned fertilizer specifically for forage production on marginal land, the nitrification inhibitor is one or more of dicyandiamide, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, and 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine.

[0021] Furthermore, in the aforementioned fertilizer specifically for forage production on marginal land, the nitrogen source is selected from one or more of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and monoammonium phosphate; the phosphorus source is selected from one or more of superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, and diammonium phosphate; and the potassium source is selected from one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate.

[0022] Furthermore, in the aforementioned fertilizer specifically for forage production on marginal land, the porous mineral carrier is diatomaceous earth or bentonite calcined at 600-800℃, with a specific surface area of ​​30-60 m². 2 / g, with an average pore size of 1-5μm.

[0023] Furthermore, in the aforementioned fertilizer specifically for forage production on marginal land, the trace element compound is composed of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdate, and boric acid in a weight ratio of (4.5-7):(1.5-3.5):(0.8-2.5):(0.4-0.9):(0.7-1.6).

[0024] Furthermore, the aforementioned fertilizer specifically for forage production on marginal land also includes 2.2-3.8 parts of polyglutamic acid or polyaspartic acid as a nutrient synergist.

[0025] This invention discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned special fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) Core preparation: Humic acid, seaweed extract and some porous mineral carrier are mixed, water is added and wet-milled into a slurry, and then spray-dried to produce porous functional core particles.

[0027] (2) First coating layer (resistance layer): Melatonin and nitration inhibitor are dissolved together in ethanol-water solution, and the solution is uniformly sprayed onto the core particles obtained in step (1) using bottom spray fluidized bed technology to form an anti-resistance functional layer.

[0028] (3) Second layer coating (nutrient layer): Nitrogen source, phosphorus source, potassium source and trace element composite agent are micronized and mixed with binder to form nutrient layer powder; a rotary ball granulator is used to construct the nutrient layer by alternately spraying binder solution and coating nutrient layer powder with the particles obtained in step (2) as the core.

[0029] (4) Optional third layer coating (controlled release layer): Using a coating machine, a controlled release membrane material solution composed of biodegradable polyester and hydrophobic agent is sprayed onto the surface of the particles obtained in step (3);

[0030] (5) Post-processing: The coated particles are fluidized and dried at low temperature (<50℃) and sieved to obtain the finished product.

[0031] Furthermore, in the above preparation method, the controlled-release membrane material in step (4) is composed of polycaprolactone and beeswax in a weight ratio of 1.2:(0.4-0.9).

[0032] This invention discloses the application of the above-mentioned special fertilizer, which can be used as a base fertilizer for forage crops in moderately saline-alkali land or sandy marginal land, and can significantly improve the yield and quality of forage.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages:

[0034] 1. Effectively enhances the stress resistance and quality of forage: The melatonin and seaweed extract in the product can synergistically enhance the physiological resistance of forage under adverse conditions such as salinity and drought, reduce growth inhibition, and while ensuring yield, have a stable effect on improving quality indicators such as crude protein content of forage.

[0035] 2. Significantly improve fertilizer utilization efficiency: Through the combined action of nitrification inhibitors and slow-release carriers, the transformation and loss of nitrogen in the soil are effectively delayed, making the nutrient supply more in line with the needs of crops, thereby reducing nutrient loss and improving the utilization efficiency of nutrients such as nitrogen fertilizer.

[0036] 3. It also has long-term benefits in improving soil: The organic components such as humic acid in the product help improve the soil aggregate structure and microbial environment of marginal land, alleviate soil compaction and salinization, and gradually improve soil fertility while providing nutrients, thus demonstrating good ecological benefits.

[0037] Specific implementation methods

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A special fertilizer for forage production on marginal land is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0041] Melatonin 0.0075 parts;

[0042] 1.5 parts of nitration inhibitor;

[0043] 15 parts of humic acid;

[0044] 5 parts seaweed extract;

[0045] 35 portions of porous mineral carriers;

[0046] 20 parts of nitrogen source. Calculated as nitrogen element;

[0047] 10 parts of phosphorus source, calculated as P2O5;

[0048] 10 parts of potassium source, calculated as K2O;

[0049] Two portions of trace element compound;

[0050] 3 parts adhesive;

[0051] The preparation method of the special fertilizer includes a staged coating and granulation step.

[0052] The nitration inhibitor is dicyandiamide.

[0053] The nitrogen source is selected from urea; the phosphorus source is selected from superphosphate; and the potassium source is selected from potassium chloride.

[0054] The porous mineral carrier is diatomaceous earth or bentonite calcined at 600-800℃, with a specific surface area of ​​30-60 m². 2 / g, with an average pore size of 1-5μm.

[0055] The trace element compound is composed of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdate and boric acid in a weight ratio of (4-6):(2-4):(1-3):(0.5-1):(1-2).

[0056] Preferably, it also includes 3 parts of polyglutamic acid as a nutrient synergist.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The preparation method of the special fertilizer in Example 1 includes the following steps:

[0059] (1) Core preparation: Humic acid, seaweed extract and some porous mineral carrier are mixed, water is added and wet-milled into a slurry, and then spray-dried to produce porous functional core particles.

[0060] (2) First coating layer (resistance layer): Melatonin and nitration inhibitor are dissolved together in ethanol-water solution, and the solution is uniformly sprayed onto the core particles obtained in step (1) using bottom spray fluidized bed technology to form an anti-resistance functional layer.

[0061] (3) Second layer coating (nutrient layer): Nitrogen source, phosphorus source, potassium source and trace element composite agent are micronized and mixed with binder to form nutrient layer powder; a rotary ball granulator is used to construct the nutrient layer by alternately spraying binder solution and sprinkling nutrient layer powder with the particles obtained in step (2) as the core.

[0062] (4) Third layer coating (controlled release layer): Using a coating machine, a controlled release membrane material solution composed of biodegradable polyester and hydrophobic agent is sprayed onto the surface of the particles obtained in step (3);

[0063] (5) Post-processing: The coated particles are fluidized and dried at low temperature (<50℃) and sieved to obtain the finished product.

[0064] The controlled-release membrane material described in step (4) is composed of polycaprolactone and beeswax in a weight ratio of 1:0.7.

[0065] The above are merely a few preferred embodiments of the present invention, described in a relatively specific and detailed manner, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for forage production on marginal land, characterized in that, Made from the following parts by weight of raw materials: Melatonin 0.001-0.01 parts; Nitrification inhibitor 0.5-3.0 parts; 12-22 parts of humic acid; 4-8 parts of seaweed extract; 26-40 parts of porous mineral carrier; 14-26 parts of nitrogen source, calculated as N element; 9-16 parts of phosphorus source, calculated as P2O5; Potassium source: 7-14 parts, calculated as K2O; 0.8-2.5 parts of trace element compound; 1.5-4.5 parts adhesive; The preparation method of the special fertilizer includes a staged coating and granulation step.

2. The special fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitration inhibitor is one or more of dicyandiamide, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, and 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine.

3. The special fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen source is selected from one or more of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and monoammonium phosphate; the phosphorus source is selected from one or more of superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, and diammonium phosphate; and the potassium source is selected from one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate.

4. The special fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous mineral carrier is diatomaceous earth or bentonite calcined at 600-800℃, with a specific surface area of ​​30-60 m². 2 / g, with an average pore size of 1-5μm.

5. The special fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trace element compound is composed of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate, manganese sulfate, ammonium molybdate and boric acid in a weight ratio of (4.5-7):(1.5-3.5):(0.8-2.5):(0.4-0.9):(0.7-1.6).

6. The special fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes 2.2-3.8 parts of polyglutamic acid or polyaspartic acid as a nutrient synergist.

7. The method for preparing the special fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Core preparation: Humic acid, seaweed extract and some porous mineral carrier are mixed, water is added and wet-milled into a slurry, and then spray-dried to produce porous functional core particles. (2) First layer coating: Melatonin and nitration inhibitor are dissolved together in ethanol-water solution, and the solution is uniformly sprayed onto the core particles obtained in step (1) using bottom spray fluidized bed technology to form an anti-stress functional layer. (3) Second layer coating: The nitrogen source, phosphorus source, potassium source and trace element composite agent are micronized and mixed with the binder to form the nutrient layer powder; Using a rotary ball granulator, the particles obtained in step (2) are used as the core, and a binder solution is sprayed alternately and a nutrient layer powder is applied to construct the nutrient layer. (4) Optional third layer coating: Using a coating machine, a controlled-release membrane material solution composed of biodegradable polyester and hydrophobic agent is sprayed onto the surface of the particles obtained in step (3); (5) Post-processing: The coated particles are fluidized and dried at low temperature and then sieved to obtain the finished product.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The controlled-release membrane material described in step (4) is composed of polycaprolactone and beeswax in a weight ratio of 1.2:(0.4-0.9).

9. The application of the special fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Used as a base application for forage crops in moderately saline-alkali land or desertified marginal land.