Double-section combustion synthesis gas treatment device and biomass raw material carbonization system

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-section type combustion synthesis gas treatment device and a biomass raw material carbonization system.The double-section type combustion synthesis gas treatment device comprises a first-stage combustion chamber and a second-stage combustion chamber, synthesis gas can be subjected to oxygen-deficient combustion in the first-stage combustion chamber, and can be completely combusted in the second-stage combustion chamber; the oxygen-deficient combustion can reduce the combustion temperature, prolong the retention time of combustible materials and inhibit the generation of thermal NOX, and can ensure that combustible components in the synthesis gas are completely treated in cooperation with complete combustion; a cold flue gas inlet is formed in the second-stage combustion chamber, so that cold flue gas is mixed into secondary air, the combustion temperature can be controlled, the flow field and temperature distribution of a combustion area can be changed, and combustion is more uniform and sufficient; the combustion temperature is maintained at about 1000 DEG C, NOX generation can be inhibited, the combustion reaction of the synthesis gas can be promoted, it is ensured that the synthesis gas is converted into clean hot flue gas, the hot flue gas can flow back into the carbonization furnace to supply heat to the carbonization process, and a self-sufficiency heat supply mode is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of carbonization furnaces, in particular to a two-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device and a biomass raw material carbonization system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of biomass energy utilization technology, carbonization furnaces are widely used in the production fields of biomass charcoal, activated carbon and clean fuels. During the carbonization process, biomass raw materials (such as wood chips, straw, etc.) are pyrolyzed in a high-temperature and oxygen-deficient environment, generating a large amount of synthesis gas (mainly composed of tar, CO, carbon particles and volatile organic compounds). To avoid the harm of synthesis gas to the environment, a treatment device is equipped to burn it. Most traditional treatment devices use single-stage combustion, which has the following problems: 1. Low combustion efficiency; under single-stage combustion, the oxygen distribution is uneven and the residence time of combustibles is insufficient, which easily leads to incomplete combustion of tar and CO, and ultimately results in excessive tail gas pollutants (such as unburned tar, NO X ).

[0003] 2. Poor temperature control; the temperature in the combustion chamber fluctuates greatly, and a large amount of NO is generated in the high-temperature area X The tar in the low-temperature area is easy to condense and block the pipeline, which will affect the maintenance cost of the equipment.

[0004] 3. Insufficient adaptability; it is difficult to match the synthesis gas characteristics of different raw materials (such as wood chips, straw), the parameter adjustment is lagged and the combustion stability is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the deficiencies existing in the prior art and provide a two-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device and a biomass raw material carbonization system.

[0006] The present application provides a two-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device, including: a primary combustion chamber, the primary combustion chamber is configured with a burner and a primary air blower, and the synthesis gas can perform oxygen-deficient combustion in the primary combustion chamber; a secondary combustion chamber, communicating with the primary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber is configured with a secondary air blower, and the remaining combustible components in the synthesis gas after oxygen-deficient combustion can perform complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber; wherein, the combustion temperatures in the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are maintained at 1000 ± 50 °C; a cold flue gas inlet is provided on the secondary combustion chamber, and cold flue gas is mixed into the secondary combustion chamber through the cold flue gas inlet, which can adjust the combustion temperature while supplementing oxygen, thereby promoting the complete combustion of combustible components.

[0007] Furthermore, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber adopt adiabatic furnace linings; the adiabatic furnace lining includes a shell, a lining and an interlayer, the interlayer is arranged between the shell and the lining, and the interlayer is made of heat-insulating materials, which can reduce heat loss and improve combustion efficiency.

[0008] Further, the primary combustion chamber and / or the secondary combustion chamber are configured with temperature sensors; by means of the temperature sensors and in cooperation with the primary air blower to control the oxygen supply amount, the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled; the cold flue gas inlet is connected to the cold flue gas pipeline, and a proportional regulating valve is provided on the cold flue gas pipeline; by means of the temperature sensors and in cooperation with the secondary air blower to control the oxygen supply amount and / or the proportional regulating valve to control the intake amount of the cold flue gas, the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled.

[0009] Further, a cold air inlet is also provided on the secondary combustion chamber, and the cold air inlet is adjacent to the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber; by allowing normal-temperature or low-temperature gas to enter the secondary combustion chamber through the cold air inlet, the hot flue gas about to be discharged from the secondary combustion chamber can be cooled down, so as to facilitate the downstream utilization of the hot flue gas.

[0010] Further, both the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are configured with oxygen concentration sensors, and the oxygen concentration sensors are used to confirm whether the oxygen concentration in the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber meets the corresponding combustion requirements; and / or, a nitrogen oxide detector is provided at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber, and the nitrogen oxide detector is used to confirm the cleaning effect of low-nitrogen combustion.

[0011] The present application also provides a biomass raw material carbonization system, which is characterized in that it includes the above-mentioned dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device, and further includes a carbonization furnace for carbonizing biomass raw materials; a syngas discharge port and a biomass carbon discharge port are provided on the carbonization furnace; the syngas discharge port is connected to the primary combustion chamber, and the syngas generated by carbonization can enter the dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device, undergo oxygen-deficient combustion and complete combustion in sequence, and finally form hot flue gas; a flue gas return port is also provided on the carbonization furnace, and the hot flue gas can supply heat to the carbonization furnace through the flue gas return port.

[0012] Further, the carbonization furnace is wrapped with a jacket, and the flue gas return port is provided on the jacket. The hot flue gas can enter the jacket through the flue gas return port to indirectly supply heat for the carbonization of biomass raw materials; a flue gas discharge port is also provided on the jacket, and the flue gas discharged through the flue gas discharge port still has heat energy and can be used downstream.

[0013] Further, after the flue gas is cooled, it can be used as cold flue gas and return to the secondary combustion chamber through the cold flue gas inlet to assist complete combustion.

[0014] Further, the biomass raw material carbonization system further includes: a waste heat boiler or a dryer, which is provided downstream of the carbonization furnace, and the flue gas with heat energy can enter the waste heat boiler or the dryer to play a role; and / or, a chimney, which is provided downstream of the carbonization furnace for discharging flue gas.

[0015] Further, the biomass raw material carbonization system further includes: a discharge auger for receiving the biomass carbon discharged through the biomass carbon discharge port; a carbon collecting cylinder for receiving the biomass carbon conveyed by the discharge auger; a cooling mechanism acting on the discharge auger for cooling the biomass carbon therein. The cooling mechanism includes: a water-cooled jacket wrapped around the discharge auger; a cooling tower for supplying cooling water to the water-cooled jacket. During operation, the cooling tower outputs cooling water, which enters the water-cooled jacket to cool the biomass carbon in the discharge auger. The heated water after heat exchange flows back to the cooling tower, where it is cooled by the cooling tower so that the cooling water can be recycled.

[0016] The present application provides a two-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device, including a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber. The synthesis gas can undergo oxygen-deficient combustion in the primary combustion chamber and complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber. Oxygen-deficient combustion can reduce the combustion temperature, extend the residence time of combustibles, and inhibit the formation of thermal NO X , and in combination with complete combustion, it can ensure that the combustible components in the synthesis gas are completely treated. The secondary combustion chamber is provided with a cold flue gas inlet, enabling the cold flue gas to mix with the secondary air, which is beneficial for controlling the combustion temperature, changing the flow field and temperature distribution in the combustion area, and making the combustion more uniform and complete. The combustion temperature is maintained at about 1000 °C, which not only helps to inhibit the formation of NO X , but also promotes the combustion reaction of the synthesis gas, ensuring that the synthesis gas is converted into clean hot flue gas.

[0017] The present application also provides a biomass raw material carbonization system, including the above two-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device, and further including a carbonization furnace. The synthesis gas generated by carbonization enters the two-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device, and the hot flue gas generated by combustion flows back to the carbonization furnace to supply heat for the carbonization process. This self-sufficient heat supply mode realizes the recycling of energy, makes the carbonization process unaffected by external energy supply, improves the stability and reliability of the system, and ensures the continuity and stability of biomass carbonization production. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass raw material carbonization system provided by the present application; Figure 2 is a structural cross-sectional view of a primary combustion chamber provided by the present application; Figure 3 is a structural cross-sectional view of a secondary combustion chamber provided by the present application; Figure 4 is Figure 3 the structural cross-sectional view of the secondary combustion chamber in the A-A direction shown in Detailed Embodiments

[0019] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application more apparent and understandable, the following provides a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] The present application provides a two-stage combustion syngas treatment device, including: a primary combustion chamber 11, the primary combustion chamber 11 is configured with a burner 21 and a primary air blower 22, and the syngas can undergo oxygen-deficient combustion in the primary combustion chamber 11; a secondary combustion chamber 12, communicating with the primary combustion chamber 11, the secondary combustion chamber 12 is configured with a secondary air blower 23, and the remaining combustible components in the syngas after oxygen-deficient combustion can undergo complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 12; wherein, the combustion temperature in the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 is maintained at 1000 ± 50 °C; a cold flue gas inlet is provided on the secondary combustion chamber 12, and by introducing cold flue gas into the secondary combustion chamber 12 through the cold flue gas inlet, it is possible to mix the cold flue gas into the secondary combustion chamber 12, adjust the combustion temperature while supplementing oxygen, thereby promoting the complete combustion of the combustible components.

[0021] First, explain syngas. Syngas is a complex combustible gas mixture, usually generated by raw materials such as biomass, coal, and organic waste through gasification or pyrolysis reactions. Syngas mainly includes combustible gases (carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane), non-combustible gases (carbon dioxide), volatile organic compounds (VOC S， such as tar, benzene compounds, etc.) and solid particles (unreacted carbon particles or ash). In addition, syngas may also contain small amounts of impurities such as nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or ammonia, and the specific content of these impurities is related to the raw material composition.

[0022] Next, explain cold flue gas. Cold flue gas refers to the flue gas with a relatively low temperature (lower than the combustion temperature) after cooling. The components of the flue gas mainly include water vapor, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. Since the temperature of the cold flue gas is lower than the combustion temperature and the oxygen content in the cold flue gas is relatively low (usually < 5%), introducing cold flue gas during the complete combustion process can reduce the oxygen concentration in the combustion area, reduce the combustion rate and the furnace temperature, thereby avoiding excessive local temperature and inhibiting the reaction of nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) to generate thermal-type nitrogen oxides (NO X), and it can also help to lengthen the flame, make the combustion of fuel in the furnace more uniform, thereby improving the coke quality and shortening the coking time. It can also adjust the atmosphere in the combustion zone. For some combustion processes that require a specific atmosphere, the incorporation of cold flue gas helps to achieve appropriate redox conditions, promote the progress of certain reactions or inhibit adverse reactions. It can also increase the gas volume in the combustion chamber, further extend the residence time of combustibles in the high-temperature zone, and promote the complete combustion of components such as tar and CO.

[0023] Specifically, the primary combustion chamber 11 is equipped with a burner 21 and a primary air blower 22. The burner 21 is used to provide a fire source for combustion, and the primary air blower 22 is used to supply air with a relatively low oxygen concentration to the primary combustion chamber 11, so as to facilitate the sub-oxygen combustion of syngas in the primary combustion chamber 11.

[0024] Specific reference can be made to Figure 1 and Figure 2 . In the illustrated embodiment, the primary combustion chamber 11 is provided with a syngas inlet, a burner interface, and a primary air inlet. When the carbonization furnace 30 operates and generates syngas, the syngas can enter the primary combustion chamber 11 through a pipeline and the syngas inlet. The primary combustion chamber 11 is connected to the burner 21 and the primary air blower 22 through the burner interface and the primary air inlet respectively.

[0025] The secondary combustion chamber 12 is connected to the primary combustion chamber 11. The secondary combustion chamber 12 is equipped with a secondary air blower 23 and is provided with a cold flue gas inlet. The syngas that has undergone sub-oxygen combustion and is discharged from the primary combustion chamber 11 enters the secondary combustion chamber 12. The secondary air blower 23 can supplement oxygen. At the same time, the cold flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 12 through the cold flue gas inlet, promoting the complete combustion of the remaining combustible components in the syngas.

[0026] Specific reference can be made in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 4 . In the illustrated embodiment, the secondary combustion chamber 12 is provided with a syngas inlet, and the syngas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 is connected to the syngas outlet of the primary combustion chamber 11. The secondary combustion chamber 12 is also provided with a secondary air inlet and a cold flue gas inlet. The secondary air inlet is connected to the secondary air blower 23, and the cold flue gas inlet is connected to a cold flue gas pipeline. The cold flue gas pipeline can be connected to a dedicated cold flue gas supply device or to the flue gas discharge port on the carbonization furnace 30 (specific details will be described below).

[0027] Continue to refer to Figure 4, on the secondary combustion chamber 12, the secondary air inlet and the cold flue gas inlet are arranged oppositely. The secondary air introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 12 collides with the cold flue gas, and the generated turbulence can enhance the mixing effect between gases, enabling the oxygen in the secondary air to come into more sufficient contact with the combustible components in the syngas, promoting the combustion reaction, and improving the combustion efficiency. At the same time, it makes the cold flue gas more evenly dispersed in the high-temperature gas, quickly reducing the overall temperature. Through the counter-flow mixing, it is also possible to avoid the occurrence of local high-temperature or low-temperature regions in the secondary combustion chamber 12, making the temperature field distribution more uniform.

[0028] During use, according to the changes in the composition, flow rate, etc. of the syngas, flexibly adjusting the counter-flow ratio and speed of the secondary air and the cold flue gas can control the combustion process. For example, when the combustible components in the syngas increase, increase the proportion of the secondary air to ensure complete combustion; when the flow rate of the syngas changes, correspondingly adjust the amount of cold flue gas to maintain a stable combustion condition.

[0029] The syngas first enters the primary combustion chamber 11 for oxygen-deficient combustion. In the primary combustion chamber 11, the primary air blower 22 supplies a mixed gas with a relatively low oxygen concentration (oxygen concentration ≤ 12%), making the combustion in an oxygen-deficient state. This combustion method can reduce the combustion temperature, extend the residence time of the combustibles, and inhibit the formation of thermal NO X . Some of the combustion products and unburned components generated by the oxygen-deficient combustion enter the secondary combustion chamber 12. In the secondary combustion chamber 12, the secondary air blower 23 supplements oxygen (oxygen concentration ≥ 18%) to ensure that the remaining combustible components, such as CO and tar, can be completely burned. At the same time, the cold flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 12 and mixes with the secondary air. The introduction of the cold flue gas can reduce the temperature in the combustion area. On the one hand, it further inhibits the formation of NO X . On the other hand, it controls the combustion temperature to ensure that the combustion proceeds within a suitable temperature range, promoting the complete combustion of the remaining combustible components. Finally, the syngas is converted into hot flue gas and discharged. The flue gas is a relatively clean gas, meeting the environmental protection requirements and can be directly discharged.

[0030] It should be added that the reason for controlling the combustion temperature at about 1000 °C is that for the primary combustion chamber 11, during the oxygen-deficient combustion inside, maintaining the temperature at about 1000 °C is mainly based on the dual considerations of inhibiting the formation of NO X and promoting the preliminary reaction of the syngas. In a high-temperature environment, the chemical reaction rate increases, and components such as tar and CO in the syngas can start to decompose and undergo preliminary combustion under oxygen-deficient conditions. At the same time, the temperature of about 1000 °C is not too high, which can effectively reduce the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen, thereby inhibiting the formation of thermal NO XGeneration. For the secondary combustion chamber 12, its main task is to completely burn the remaining combustible components after oxygen-deficient combustion, maintain a high temperature of about 1000 °C, and provide sufficient energy for these remaining combustible components, such as unburned CO, tar, etc., so that they can react quickly and fully with the supplemented oxygen to achieve complete combustion. This can not only improve the combustion efficiency, ensure that the combustible components in the syngas are completely consumed, reduce pollutant emissions, but also generate sufficient high-temperature hot flue gas to provide a heat source for downstream equipment such as the carbonization furnace 30.

[0031] The dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device provided by this application extends the residence time of combustibles through oxygen-deficient combustion in the primary combustion chamber 11, and realizes complete combustion by supplementing oxygen in the secondary combustion chamber 12, solving the problem of incomplete combustion; the incorporation of cold flue gas can effectively control the combustion temperatures of the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 at 1000 ± 50 °C, changing the flow field and temperature distribution in the combustion area, making the combustion more uniform and sufficient; through staged combustion, the oxygen supply and temperature can be accurately adjusted according to different combustion requirements, improving the adaptability to syngas produced by carbonization of different raw materials.

[0032] The dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device provided by this application ensures the full combustion of combustible components such as tar and CO in the syngas through a two-stage combustion design, which not only improves the combustion efficiency but also reduces the content of pollutants such as unburned tar in the tail gas; the primary combustion chamber 11 suppresses the generation of thermal NO X through oxygen-deficient combustion, and the secondary combustion chamber 12 further reduces the generation of NO X through the mixing of cold flue gas, achieving low-nitrogen combustion and meeting environmental protection requirements; precise temperature control and oxygen supply adjustment enable the device to adapt to the characteristics of syngas from different raw materials, improving the combustion stability and reducing the equipment maintenance cost.

[0033] In one embodiment, the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are integrally formed and are two regions with different functions in the same furnace body.

[0034] Specifically, the front section of the furnace body is used as the primary combustion chamber 11, which is an oxygen-deficient combustion zone, and the rear section is used as the secondary combustion chamber 12, which is a complete combustion zone. A partition is also provided in the furnace body. The partition is located between the oxygen-deficient combustion zone and the complete combustion zone. The partition divides the furnace cavity into front and rear sections, realizing the physical isolation of oxygen-deficient combustion and complete combustion. The partition is provided with through holes to facilitate the passage of gas.

[0035] Optionally, the partition is made of a high-temperature resistant material to withstand the high-temperature environment in the furnace. The surface of the partition is also coated with an antioxidant coating (such as an Al2O3 ceramic coating), which can improve the antioxidant ability of the partition and extend its service life.

[0036] Optionally, the opening degree of the flow holes on the partition plate is adjustable, and the opening degree of the flow holes can be controlled by an automatic driving structure such as a servo motor or a hydraulic device, so as to regulate the gas flow from the oxygen-deficient combustion zone to the complete combustion zone.

[0037] More specifically, a burner 21 and a primary air blower 22 are arranged in the oxygen-deficient combustion zone. The primary air blower 22 is used to inject a mixed gas with a relatively low oxygen concentration into the oxygen-deficient combustion zone to maintain an oxygen-deficient environment. Such an oxygen-deficient environment and a specific temperature can extend the residence time of combustibles in this area, thereby effectively suppressing nitrogen oxides NO X generation.

[0038] Part of the combustion products and unburned components generated by oxygen-deficient combustion enter the complete combustion zone through the flow holes on the partition plate. According to the combustion conditions and process requirements, the opening degree of the flow holes can be adjusted to assist in controlling the residence time of the syngas in the oxygen-deficient combustion zone and controlling the gas flow in the complete combustion zone to ensure complete combustion.

[0039] A secondary air blower 23 is arranged in the complete combustion zone. The secondary air blower 23 is used to inject a mixed gas with a relatively high oxygen concentration into the complete combustion zone. At the same time, the syngas treatment device also includes an FGR flue gas recirculation system, which can introduce cold flue gas into the complete combustion zone and mix it with the secondary air. By supplementing oxygen and mixing in cold flue gas, it can ensure that the remaining combustible components coming from the oxygen-deficient combustion zone, such as CO and tar, are completely burned. The mixing of cold flue gas can also reduce the flame temperature and further reduce NO X generation.

[0040] Optionally, an emergency pressure relief valve is also provided on the furnace body. In case of abnormal working conditions, such as deflagration, the emergency pressure relief valve can release the pressure in the furnace in time to prevent equipment damage and accidents and ensure the safety of operators and equipment.

[0041] In other embodiments, the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are two independent furnace bodies, which are connected through pipelines.

[0042] To ensure that the gas stays in the combustion chamber for enough time, the combustion chamber usually has a certain length. To reduce the floor area occupied by the equipment in the one-way space layout, the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 can be arranged side by side, and they are connected through a bent pipeline.

[0043] This application does not limit the specific configurations of the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12.

[0044] Optionally, the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 adopt adiabatic furnace linings; the adiabatic furnace lining includes a shell, a lining and an interlayer. The interlayer is arranged between the shell and the lining, and the interlayer is made of heat-insulating materials, which can reduce heat loss and improve combustion efficiency.

[0045] For details, please refer to Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the furnace wall of the primary combustion chamber 11 is a multi-layer structure. Among them, the outer shell is usually made of metal material, such as carbon steel, which mainly plays a mechanical protection role, can prevent the internal structure from being damaged by external forces, and can also block the influence of the external environment on the inside of the furnace, such as preventing the insulation layer from getting damp. Since the lining is in direct contact with the high-temperature combustion area, it needs to be made of high-temperature resistant metal materials, such as stainless steel, heat-resistant alloys or refractory bricks, to ensure structural strength and ensure that it will not deform or melt at high temperatures. There is a gap between the outer shell and the lining, and the gap is filled with insulation materials, such as aluminum silicate fibers or ceramic fibers, to form an interlayer. The thickness of the interlayer is usually 50-100mm. Since the insulation material has an extremely low thermal conductivity of ≤0.15W / (m・K), it can effectively reduce heat loss to the outside.

[0046] When the first-stage combustion chamber 11 is working, the high temperature generated by the combustion is blocked by the lining, and most of the heat is confined inside the furnace. The interlayer insulation material further prevents the heat from being transferred to the outer shell, thereby maintaining the high temperature environment in the furnace and ensuring the combustion efficiency by reducing heat loss.

[0047] Continue to refer to Figure 3 The furnace wall of the secondary combustion chamber 12 is also a multi-layer structure, similar to the primary combustion chamber 11, and is also composed of an outer shell, an inner lining and an interlayer, which will not be described in detail.

[0048] The remaining combustible components after the oxygen-deficient combustion continue to burn in the secondary combustion chamber 12. The insulated furnace can ensure that the heat generated by the combustion is fully utilized, and by reducing the heat dissipation to the surrounding environment, the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 12 is kept stable, providing a good environment for complete combustion.

[0049] During the combustion of syngas, the insulated furnace can effectively reduce heat loss so as to maintain a high temperature in the furnace. In the primary combustion chamber 11, the high temperature environment helps the syngas to react under oxygen-deficient conditions, and can extend the residence time of the combustibles and inhibit NO X In the secondary combustion chamber 12, the high temperature environment is conducive to the complete combustion of the remaining combustible components. The stable furnace temperature makes the combustion process more controllable, which is conducive to reducing fluctuations and abnormal conditions in the combustion process, and helps to ensure that the synthesis gas is burned according to the predetermined reaction path in the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the combustion. At the same time, due to the small heat loss, there is no need to consume too much extra energy to maintain the combustion temperature, which can reduce the use of fuel, reduce production costs, and make the combustion process more energy-efficient and efficient.

[0050] Optionally, the primary combustion chamber 11 is provided with a temperature sensor; the temperature sensor is used in conjunction with the primary fan 22 to control the oxygen supply, thereby effectively controlling the combustion temperature.

[0051] Optionally, the secondary combustion chamber 12 is equipped with a temperature sensor; by means of the temperature sensor and in cooperation with the secondary air blower 23 to control the oxygen supply amount, the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled.

[0052] Taking the case where the primary combustion chamber 11 is equipped with a temperature sensor as an example for illustration. At a suitable position inside the primary combustion chamber 11, such as on the furnace wall, in the air flow channel, etc., a temperature sensor is installed. The temperature sensor is in close contact with or close to the combustion area inside the combustion chamber, so as to accurately monitor the real-time temperature. The temperature sensor can convert the temperature data into an electrical signal or other transmissible signal forms, and transmit it to the control system through a line. The primary air blower 22 is connected to the primary combustion chamber 11 and is responsible for delivering oxygen-containing gas to the primary combustion chamber 11. After the temperature sensor monitors the temperature inside the primary combustion chamber 11, it transmits the signal to the control system, and the control system then adjusts the rotational speed or the air supply amount of the primary air blower 22 according to the preset temperature range, so as to maintain the combustion temperature of the primary combustion chamber 11 at 1000 ± 50 °C.

[0053] Specifically, when the temperature inside the primary combustion chamber 11 is higher than the set upper limit, the control system reduces the oxygen supply amount of the primary air blower 22, and realizes the reduction of the temperature by reducing the intensity of the combustion reaction. When the temperature inside the primary combustion chamber 11 is lower than the set lower limit, the oxygen supply amount of the primary air blower 22 is increased, and the temperature is raised by enhancing the combustion reaction.

[0054] Similarly, when the temperature inside the secondary combustion chamber 12 is higher than the set upper limit, reducing the oxygen supply amount of the secondary air blower 23 can slow down the combustion reaction speed; when the temperature inside the secondary combustion chamber 12 is lower than the set lower limit, increasing the oxygen supply amount of the secondary air blower 23 can promote combustion.

[0055] Optionally, the cold flue gas inlet is connected to a cold flue gas pipe, and a proportional regulating valve is provided on the cold flue gas pipe; by means of the temperature sensor and in cooperation with the proportional regulating valve to control the intake amount of the cold flue gas, the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled.

[0056] The cold flue gas is transported to the cold flue gas inlet through the cold flue gas pipe, and can be mixed with the secondary air through the cold flue gas inlet and act on the inside of the secondary combustion chamber 12. A proportional regulating valve is installed on the cold flue gas pipe. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature inside the secondary combustion chamber 12 is higher than the set upper limit, the control system increases the opening degree of the proportional regulating valve, so that more cold flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 12, and the temperature of the combustion area can be reduced by utilizing the low-temperature characteristics of the cold flue gas. On the contrary, when the temperature inside the secondary combustion chamber 12 is lower than the set lower limit, the control system reduces the opening degree of the proportional regulating valve and reduces the intake amount of the cold flue gas, and the temperature of the combustion area can be increased.

[0057] If necessary, adjust the oxygen supply of the primary blower 22 and the secondary blower 23 and the opening degree of the cold flue gas proportion regulating valve at the same time, which can control the temperature of the combustion chamber more accurately and quickly.

[0058] Understandably, during the combustion process, the supply amount of oxygen and the mixing amount of cold flue gas directly affect the intensity of the combustion reaction and the heat release. Increasing the oxygen supply amount will make the combustion more intense, release more heat, and cause the temperature to rise; reducing the oxygen supply amount will reduce the combustion intensity and cause the temperature to drop. The mixing of cold flue gas is equivalent to introducing low-temperature substances, which can reduce the temperature of the combustion area and play a cooling role by absorbing the heat generated by combustion. By adjusting these two key factors, the efficient control of the combustion temperature can be achieved.

[0059] In the traditional combustion device for syngas treatment, due to the inability to accurately control the combustion conditions in real time, the temperature in the combustion chamber is prone to large fluctuations. High temperature may cause a large amount of NO X to be generated, increasing environmental pollution; low temperature will cause the syngas to burn incompletely, reducing the combustion efficiency, and may also cause components such as tar to condense and block the pipeline. This application uses a temperature sensor to collect the temperature information of the combustion chamber in real time, forms a closed-loop feedback control system, and then automatically adjusts the oxygen supply amount of the primary blower 22 and the secondary blower 23 and / or the opening degree of the cold flue gas proportion regulating valve according to the deviation between the preset temperature value and the actually monitored temperature, so as to achieve precise control of the combustion temperature.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the primary blower 22 is provided with an adjustable damper for adjusting the oxygen supplement amount entering the primary combustion chamber 11. At the same time, the primary blower 22 has a rotational speed adjustment function and can be adjusted according to the combustion state and oxygen concentration feedback. The secondary blower 23 is also equipped with an adjustable damper and has a rotational speed adjustment function, and can dynamically adjust the oxygen supply amount according to the combustion requirements of the secondary combustion chamber 12.

[0061] Furthermore, in this embodiment, both the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are configured with oxygen concentration sensors for real-time monitoring of the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber and feeding the data back to the control system. The secondary combustion chamber 12 is also configured with a nitrogen oxide detector, which is arranged at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 for real-time monitoring of the nitrogen oxide content in the hot flue gas, providing a basis for adjusting the damper opening degree of the secondary blower 23. Both the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are also configured with temperature sensors for real-time monitoring of the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber and feeding the temperature data back to the control system. A proportion regulating valve is provided on the cold flue gas pipeline, and the mixing proportion of the cold flue gas can be adjusted according to the temperature feedback information.

[0062] During operation, according to the combustion state of the primary combustion chamber 11, the control system automatically adjusts the damper opening on the primary fan 22, and preliminarily adjusts the amount of oxygen entering the primary combustion chamber 11 to meet the basic needs of oxygen-deficient combustion. The oxygen concentration sensor monitors the oxygen concentration in the primary combustion chamber 11 in real time. When it is detected that the oxygen concentration is higher than the set value (such as 6%-12%), the control system reduces the speed of the primary fan 22 and reduces the oxygen supply; when the oxygen concentration is lower than the set value, the speed of the primary fan 22 is increased to supplement oxygen to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the primary combustion chamber 11 is maintained within the set range, achieving oxygen-deficient combustion and suppressing NO X Generation of.

[0063] In the secondary combustion chamber 12, the oxygen concentration sensor and the nitrogen oxide detector provide real-time feedback data. X The detection value is used to dynamically adjust the air door opening of the secondary fan 23 to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the secondary combustion chamber meets the set value (such as 18%-24%) and that the remaining combustible components, such as CO and tar, can be completely burned. X Detection value optimizes oxygen supplementation strategy to avoid NO caused by excessive oxygen X Increased generation.

[0064] The temperature sensor monitors the combustion temperature in the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 in real time. When the temperature exceeds the set upper limit (such as 1050°C), the control system can link the primary fan 22, the secondary fan 23 and / or the proportional control valve as needed, and control the combustion temperature by controlling the amount of oxygen supplement or the amount of cold flue gas mixed in, so as to ensure that the oxygen-deficient combustion in the primary combustion chamber 11 and the complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 12 are carried out stably and efficiently at about 1000°C.

[0065] Optionally, a cold air inlet is also provided on the secondary combustion chamber 12, and the cold air inlet is adjacent to the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12; normal temperature or low temperature gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 12 through the cold air inlet, which can cool the hot flue gas that is about to be discharged from the secondary combustion chamber 12 so that the hot flue gas can be utilized downstream.

[0066] For details, please refer to Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, a cold air inlet is provided at the rear section of the secondary combustion chamber 12, near the hot flue gas outlet. The cold air inlet is connected to an external cold air supply pipeline, and an adjustable valve is provided on the cold air supply pipeline to adjust the amount of cold air entering. The cold air can be a low-temperature gas (such as cold flue gas) or a normal-temperature gas (such as air). Mixing the cold air into the hot flue gas can quickly cool it down.

[0067] After the synthesis gas is completely combusted in the secondary combustion chamber 12, the generated hot flue gas will flow towards the outlet. At this time, normal-temperature or low-temperature gas is introduced through the cold gas inlet. The cold gas meets and mixes with the hot flue gas in the area near the outlet. The cold gas can quickly reduce the temperature of the hot flue gas, so that the temperature of the hot flue gas is reduced from nearly 1000 °C to the temperature required by downstream equipment (such as waste heat boilers, dryers, etc.).

[0068] In a specific embodiment, the hot flue gas flows back to the carbonization furnace 30 to supply heat to the carbonization furnace 30. The carbonization temperature of the carbonization furnace 30 is 900 °C. To ensure that the hot flue gas is cooled to nearly 900 °C, a temperature sensor is set at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 or the inlet of the carbonization furnace 30; when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the hot flue gas is higher or lower than 900 °C, the intake air volume of the cold gas inlet is adjusted according to the temperature difference.

[0069] By introducing cold gas near the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 to cool the hot flue gas, the temperature of the hot flue gas can be adjusted to a range suitable for the utilization of downstream equipment, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0070] Optionally, the secondary combustion chamber 12 is equipped with a tertiary air blower. The tertiary air blower is connected to the cold gas inlet and is used to introduce cold gas into the secondary combustion chamber 12 to mix with the hot flue gas. At this time, the control system can control the cold gas intake volume by adjusting the rotation speed or damper opening of the tertiary air blower.

[0071] Optionally, the secondary air blower 23 has two air supply paths. The first air supply path is connected to the secondary air inlet, and the second air supply path is connected to the cold gas inlet. An adjustable valve is provided on the second air supply path. When it is necessary to cool the hot flue gas, the adjustable valve on the second air supply path is opened to facilitate the mixing of cold gas into the hot flue gas; when the temperature of the hot flue gas is higher than the value required by the downstream, the opening of the adjustable valve is increased to introduce more cold gas for cooling; when the temperature of the hot flue gas is lower than the value required by the downstream, the opening of the adjustable valve is reduced to reduce the cold gas intake volume.

[0072] Optionally, the cold flue gas pipeline has two flow paths. The first flow path is connected to the cold flue gas, and the second flow path is connected to the cold gas inlet. An adjustable valve is provided on the second flow path. At this time, the cold flue gas can not only mix with the secondary air and participate in complete combustion, but also mix with the hot flue gas and cool it.

[0073] Optionally, both the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are equipped with oxygen concentration sensors, which are used to confirm whether the oxygen concentration in the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 meets the corresponding combustion requirements.

[0074] Specifically, oxygen concentration sensors are installed at appropriate positions inside the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12, such as in the air flow channels near the combustion area or on the furnace wall. The oxygen concentration sensors are in direct contact with the combustion environment inside the combustion chamber to ensure accurate real-time acquisition of the oxygen concentration information inside the combustion chamber.

[0075] The oxygen concentration sensors are connected to the primary air blower 22, the secondary air blower 23, and the control system.

[0076] In the primary combustion chamber 11, the oxygen concentration sensors transmit the detected oxygen concentration signals to the control system. The control system adjusts the oxygen supply amount of the primary air blower 22 according to the preset oxygen concentration standard for oxygen-deficient combustion and other factors (such as temperature). If the oxygen concentration sensor detects that the oxygen concentration is too high, the control system can reduce the oxygen supply by reducing the rotation speed of the primary air blower 22 or decreasing the opening degree of its air damper; conversely, it increases the oxygen supply amount to ensure oxygen-deficient combustion of the syngas in an appropriate oxygen concentration environment. In the secondary combustion chamber 12, the oxygen concentration sensors feed back the data to the control system. The control system dynamically adjusts the oxygen supply amount of the secondary air blower 23 according to the preset oxygen concentration standard for complete combustion and other factors (such as temperature, NO X detection values, etc.). When the oxygen concentration is lower than the target value, the control system increases the oxygen supply amount of the secondary air blower 23; when the oxygen concentration is higher than the target value, it appropriately reduces the oxygen supply amount to ensure complete combustion of the remaining combustible components in an appropriate oxygen concentration environment.

[0077] Optionally, a nitrogen oxide detector is provided at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12. The nitrogen oxide detector is used to confirm the cleaning effect of low-nitrogen combustion.

[0078] During the combustion process, NO X mainly has three generation methods: thermal type, fuel type, and prompt type. Among them, thermal-type nitrogen oxides are generated by the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen in the air at high temperatures. The higher the temperature and the higher the oxygen concentration, the greater the generation amount. Fuel-type nitrogen oxides are generated by the oxidation of nitrogen-containing compounds in the fuel during the combustion process. Prompt-type nitrogen oxides are generated by the reaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen at the initial stage of combustion. The dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device provided in this application can effectively reduce the generation of these three types of nitrogen oxides through oxygen-deficient combustion in the primary combustion chamber 11 and complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 12.

[0079] The nitrogen oxide detector is installed at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12 so that the detector can directly contact the flue gas that is about to be discharged after two-stage combustion, thereby accurately obtaining the information on the nitrogen oxide content in the flue gas.

[0080] The nitrogen oxide detector is connected to the control system through a signal line. The detector transmits the real-time detected nitrogen oxide concentration data to the control system, and the control system analyzes and judges according to the preset nitrogen oxide emission standard or target value, and then makes adaptive adjustments through the primary blower 22, the secondary blower 23 and the proportional regulating valve on the cold flue gas pipeline. For example, when the nitrogen oxide detector detects that the nitrogen oxide concentration exceeds the standard value, the control system can reduce the oxygen supply of the primary blower 22, reduce the high-temperature combustion of the primary combustion chamber 11, and reduce the generation of NO X ; or increase the intake of cold flue gas, reduce the combustion temperature, and reduce the generation of NO X .

[0081] This application also provides a biomass raw material carbonization system, which includes the above-mentioned dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device, and also includes a carbonization furnace 30 for carbonizing biomass raw materials; a syngas discharge port 31 and a biomass carbon discharge port 32 are provided on the carbonization furnace 30; the syngas discharge port 31 is connected to the primary combustion chamber 11, and the syngas generated by carbonization can enter the dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device, and successively undergo oxygen-deficient combustion and complete combustion to finally form hot flue gas; a flue gas return port 33 is also provided on the carbonization furnace 30, and the hot flue gas can supply heat to the carbonization furnace 30 through the flue gas return port 33.

[0082] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 . In the illustrated embodiment, the biomass raw material carbonization system is mainly composed of a carbonization furnace 30 and a dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device. A material inlet is provided on the left side of the carbonization furnace 30, and biomass raw materials can be put into the carbonization furnace 30 through the material inlet; a syngas discharge port 31 and a biomass carbon discharge port 32 are provided on the right side of the carbonization furnace 30; as the carbonization progresses, the biomass raw materials are converted into syngas and biomass carbon. The syngas discharge port 31 is connected to the primary combustion chamber 11, and the syngas generated by the carbonization furnace 30 can be discharged to the dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device through the syngas discharge port 31 to achieve gas purification; the biomass carbon is discharged through the biomass carbon discharge port 32 for subsequent collection and utilization.

[0083] Continue to refer to Figure 1 . A flue gas return port 33 is also provided on the carbonization furnace 30. The flue gas return port 33 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 12. The hot flue gas generated by two-stage combustion acts on the carbonization furnace 30 through the flue gas return port 33. The hot flue gas carries a large amount of heat energy and can provide continuous heat for the carbonization process of biomass raw materials.

[0084] In a specific embodiment, the carbonization temperature of the carbonization furnace 30 is 900 °C, the combustion temperatures of the primary combustion chamber 11 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are 1000 °C. The syngas is converted into hot flue gas after secondary combustion, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is close to 1000 degrees Celsius. To prevent the high-temperature flue gas from flowing back and damaging the carbonization temperature, the cold air inlet on the secondary combustion chamber 12 is activated. By mixing cold air into the hot flue gas, the temperature of the hot flue gas is reduced to close to 900 °C. The hot flue gas flows back to the carbonization furnace 30, and the carbonization furnace 30 no longer requires additional heating.

[0085] The syngas generated by the carbonization furnace 30 is transported to the dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device for combustion, and the hot flue gas generated by the combustion flows back to the carbonization furnace 30 to supply heat for the carbonization process. This way of recycling energy realizes the efficient utilization of energy within the system and reduces the input of external energy. The self-sufficient heating mode makes the carbonization process unaffected by the external energy supply, improves the stability and reliability of the system, and ensures the continuity and stability of biomass carbonization production. In addition, the stable heating environment also helps to improve the quality and yield of biomass charcoal.

[0086] In one embodiment, the hot flue gas is introduced into the carbonization furnace 30 and comes into direct contact with the biomass raw material.

[0087] At this time, the hot flue gas discharged from the dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device is directly introduced into the interior of the carbonization furnace 30 through the connecting pipe. The flue gas comes into direct contact with the biomass raw material in the carbonization furnace 30, transfers the heat it carries to the raw material, and raises the temperature of the raw material for carbonization.

[0088] The direct-contact heating method has a high heat transfer efficiency and can accelerate the carbonization speed. However, the impurities in the hot flue gas may adhere to the biomass raw material, affecting the quality of the biomass charcoal. If the oxygen content in the hot flue gas is relatively large, it may also cause an explosion in the furnace.

[0089] In another embodiment, the carbonization furnace 30 is wrapped with a jacket 30a, and a flue gas return port 33 is provided on the jacket 30a. The hot flue gas can enter the jacket 30a through the flue gas return port 33 to indirectly supply heat for the carbonization of the biomass raw material; a flue gas discharge port is also provided on the jacket 30a, and the flue gas discharged through the flue gas discharge port still has heat energy and can be utilized downstream.

[0090] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 , in the illustrated embodiment, the furnace body of the carbonization furnace 30 extends horizontally and is generally cylindrical. A layer of jacket 30a is sleeved outside the furnace body, and a relatively independent space is formed between the jacket 30a and the carbonization furnace 30 for accommodating the hot flue gas. The design of the jacket 30a fits the shape of the carbonization furnace 30 to ensure that the hot flue gas can fully surround the carbonization furnace 30 and achieve efficient heat transfer.

[0091] Continue to refer to Figure 1, the flue gas return port 33 is provided on the jacket 30a, and the hot flue gas generated by the dual-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device will enter the jacket 30a through the pipeline and the flue gas return port 33. After the hot flue gas enters the jacket 30a, due to the temperature difference with the outer wall of the carbonization furnace 30, according to the principle of heat conduction, the heat will be transferred from the high-temperature hot flue gas to the low-temperature carbonization furnace 30, and then the carbonization furnace 30 will conduct the heat to the biomass raw materials inside, so as to raise the temperature of the biomass raw materials and reach the temperature conditions required for carbonization.

[0092] Continue to refer to Figure 1 , a flue gas discharge port is also provided on the jacket 30a, and the flue gas discharge port is located on the side far from the flue gas return port 33; the flue gas discharge port is arranged opposite to the flue gas return port 33, so as to facilitate the hot flue gas to flow through the outer wall of the carbonization furnace 30 comprehensively and make each part of the carbonization furnace 30 evenly heated. The hot flue gas has enough flow paths in the jacket 30a, and after fully releasing the heat, it is discharged from the flue gas discharge port.

[0093] It is easy to understand that the carbonization furnace 30 always maintains the carbonization temperature. Therefore, even after heat exchange and a certain temperature drop, the flue gas discharged from the flue gas discharge port will still have a certain amount of heat energy and can be transported to downstream equipment (such as preheaters, drying equipment, etc.) for cascade utilization.

[0094] In a specific embodiment, the hot flue gas returns and is cooled after heat exchange with the carbonization furnace 30 to form cold flue gas; the flue gas discharge port is connected to a cold flue gas pipeline, and the cold flue gas can return to the secondary combustion chamber 12 through the cold flue gas pipeline and the cold flue gas inlet to assist in complete combustion.

[0095] In this embodiment, the carbonization furnace 30 works to generate synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas enters the dual-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device, and hot flue gas is generated through two-stage combustion. The hot flue gas returns and is used as the heat source of the carbonization furnace 30. The flue gas will continuously cool down during the heat exchange and flow process. Finally, the temperature of the flue gas will surely be lower than the combustion temperature of the dual-stage combustion synthesis gas treatment device. So that the flue gas after passing through the carbonization furnace 30 returns to the secondary combustion chamber 12, and the flue gas can be mixed with the secondary air to play a role in regulating the combustion temperature.

[0096] If the temperature of the flue gas after passing through the carbonization furnace 30 is higher than the set value of the cold flue gas temperature, a cooling device can also be configured downstream of the carbonization furnace 30. The cooling device can adopt air cooling, water cooling and other methods, and can cool down the flue gas passing through it. The cooling device is connected to the flue gas discharge port and the cold flue gas pipeline. The flue gas cooled again by the cooling device is input into the secondary combustion chamber 12 by relying on the fan or the pressure difference of the system itself in the cold flue gas pipeline, and is mixed with the oxygen supplemented by the secondary air blower 23 and the remaining combustible components coming from the primary combustion chamber 11.

[0097] The carbonization furnace 30 works to produce synthesis gas, and the two-stage combustion synthesis gas processing device works to convert the synthesis gas into hot flue gas. The hot flue gas flows back to the carbonization furnace 30 and can be used as a carbonization heat source. After the hot flue gas is cooled, it flows back to the secondary combustion chamber 12 and can be mixed with secondary air to adjust the oxygen content and combustion temperature. In this way, an efficient internal cycle of synthesis gas from generation to conversion and then to recycling is achieved. This process reduces dependence on external energy, improves energy utilization, reduces energy costs in the production process, and makes the entire system more sustainable in energy utilization.

[0098] Optionally, the biomass raw material carbonization system provided in the present application further includes a waste heat boiler 51 or a dryer, which is arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace 30, and the flue gas with thermal energy can enter the waste heat boiler 51 or the dryer to play a role.

[0099] For details, please refer to Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, a waste heat boiler 51 is provided downstream of the carbonization furnace 30. The waste heat boiler 51 is connected to the flue gas outlet. The flue gas flowing through the carbonization furnace 30 and undergoing heat exchange can enter the waste heat boiler 51, transfer heat to the water in the boiler, and convert the water into steam. The steam can be used for power generation, heating, and other industrial or civil fields.

[0100] When a dryer is connected to the downstream of the carbonization furnace 30, the smoke can enter the heating area of ​​the dryer along the pipeline to provide heat for the material to be dried, thereby achieving drying of the material.

[0101] The flue gas passing through the waste heat boiler 51 , the dryer and other downstream waste heat utilization equipment is further cooled down and can be used to flow back into the secondary combustion chamber 12 .

[0102] Optionally, the biomass raw material carbonization system provided in the present application further includes a chimney 52, which is disposed downstream of the carbonization furnace 30 and is used to discharge flue gas.

[0103] It is easy to understand that the flue gas that flows through the carbonization furnace 30 and undergoes heat exchange can be discharged directly through the chimney 52, or it can be discharged after the waste heat is reused.

[0104] For details, please refer to Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, a waste heat boiler 51 is provided downstream of the carbonization furnace 30, and a chimney 52 is provided downstream of the waste heat boiler 51. The hot flue gas generated by the two-stage combustion synthesis gas processing device first flows to the carbonization furnace 30 and is used as a heat source for the carbonization furnace 30. After one heat exchange, the flue gas enters the waste heat boiler 51 and is used as a heat source for the waste heat boiler 51. After two heat exchanges, the flue gas temperature drops significantly and is then discharged to the outside through the chimney 52.

[0105] The chimney 52 utilizes the principle of hot air rising for flue gas discharge. Since the temperature of the flue gas is often higher than the air temperature in the surrounding environment, the density of the flue gas is smaller, and it will flow upward naturally. At the same time, the height and ventilation structure design of the chimney 52 can enhance this upward suction force, enabling the flue gas to be discharged from the system smoothly, thereby reducing the impact on the surrounding environment. In addition, a reasonable design of the chimney 52 can also reduce the resistance of the flue gas during the discharge process, ensure the smooth flow of the flue gas in the system, and maintain the normal operation of the system.

[0106] In one embodiment, the cold flue gas pipeline is provided downstream of the waste heat boiler 51.

[0107] Specifically, reference can be made to Figure 1 , in the illustrated embodiment, the flue gas discharge pipeline downstream of the waste heat boiler 51 bifurcates to form two flue gas flow channels. The first flue gas flow channel is connected to the chimney 52, and the second flue gas flow channel serves as the cold flue gas pipeline and is connected to the cold flue gas inlet of the secondary combustion chamber 12.

[0108] In this embodiment, the hot flue gas undergoes carbonization heat exchange and boiler heat exchange successively, and the temperature drops significantly, and it can be used as cold flue gas. According to the combustion situation of the dual-stage combustion syngas treatment device, it is confirmed whether cold flue gas needs to be incorporated and the conveying amount of the cold flue gas (an opening valve and a flow meter are configured on the cold flue gas pipeline). The excess cold flue gas is discharged through the chimney 52.

[0109] Optionally, the biomass raw material carbonization system provided in this application further includes: a discharge auger 41 for receiving the biomass carbon output via the biomass carbon discharge port 32; a carbon collection cylinder 42 for receiving the biomass carbon conveyed by the discharge auger 41; a cooling mechanism acting on the discharge auger 41 for cooling the biomass carbon therein. The cooling mechanism includes: a water-cooled jacket 43 wrapped outside the discharge auger 41; a cooling tower 44 for supplying cooling water to the water-cooled jacket 43; during operation, the cooling tower 44 outputs cooling water, and the cooling water enters the water-cooled jacket 43 to cool the biomass carbon in the discharge auger 41. The heated water after heat exchange flows back to the cooling tower 44, and the cooling tower 44 cools it so that the cooling water can be recycled.

[0110] Specifically, reference can be made to Figure 1 , in the illustrated embodiment, there are two groups of discharge augers 41 provided downstream of the biomass carbon discharge port 32 of the carbonization furnace 30. The first group of discharge augers is connected to the biomass carbon discharge port 32, and the first group of discharge augers extends horizontally in the left-right direction. The second group of discharge augers is provided downstream of the first group of discharge augers. The inlet of the second group of discharge augers is connected to the outlet of the first group of discharge augers, and the outlet of the second group of discharge augers is connected to the carbon collection cylinder 42. The second group of discharge augers extends obliquely upward from left to right.

[0111] The first set of discharge augers first receives the biomass charcoal discharged from the carbonization furnace 30. The horizontally extending form enables the biomass charcoal to be preliminarily transported, dispersed, or simply mixed under a relatively gentle state, preparing for subsequent processes. Subsequently, the biomass charcoal enters the second set of discharge augers that extend obliquely upward. The upward conveying form facilitates the biomass charcoal to cooperate to complete further processes such as lifting, screening, or reverse contact reaction with other media (such as gases), achieving the treatment objectives of biomass charcoal at different stages.

[0112] In actual plant equipment, the carbonization furnace 30 is often set on the ground, making the first set of discharge augers extend horizontally, which is convenient for docking with the carbonization furnace 30 with a low head. The charcoal collection cylinder 42 often has a large volume, so its height is not low, making the second set of discharge augers extend obliquely upward, capable of lifting the biomass charcoal to meet the feeding requirements of the inlet height position of the rear charcoal collection cylinder 42 and realizing the material connection of the entire system.

[0113] Two sets of discharge augers 41 are provided. By reasonably designing parameters such as their positions and rotation speeds, it is convenient for the biomass charcoal to be discharged more evenly, and it can avoid problems such as uneven accumulation of materials near the discharge port or blockage caused by local poor discharge, ensuring the stability and continuity of discharge. If necessary, the two sets of discharge augers 41 can adopt different spiral directions or rotation speeds to generate a specific flow pattern during the conveying process of the materials, which helps to further promote the full contact of the materials with the cooling medium or other treatment media. Especially during the cooling process of the biomass charcoal, making the biomass charcoal form a tumbling or stirring effect between the two sets of discharge augers 41 can increase the contact area between the biomass charcoal and the refrigerant and improve the cooling efficiency.

[0114] It should be explained that the temperature of the biomass charcoal discharged from the carbonization furnace 30 is close to the carbonization temperature and is in a high-temperature state, which is not conducive to transmission and collection. Therefore, the biomass raw material carbonization system provided in this application further includes a cooling mechanism for cooling the biomass charcoal discharged from the carbonization furnace 30.

[0115] Specifically, refer to Figure 1, water-cooled jackets 43 are provided on the outer walls of both groups of discharge augers 41. The water-cooled jackets 43 tightly wrap the discharge augers 41, forming a relatively enclosed cooling space between the water-cooled jackets 43 and the discharge augers 41. The cooling tower 44 is connected to the water-cooled jacket 43 through a pipeline. The cooling tower 44 can input cooling water into the cooling space, and the cooling water can reduce the temperature of the biochar in the discharge auger 41 through heat exchange. It is easy to understand that setting two groups of discharge augers 41 can also extend the transmission path of the biochar, thereby prolonging the time for heat exchange between the biochar and the cooling water and promoting the cooling of the biochar. After heat exchange, the cooling water becomes hot, and the hot liquid can enter the cooling tower 44 along the return pipeline so that the cooling tower 44 can cool it, and thus the cooling water can be recycled.

[0116] Specifically, the high-temperature biochar is discharged from the biochar discharge port 32 and falls into the first group of discharge augers. The two groups of discharge augers 41 push the biochar forward through the rotation of the spiral shaft. At the same time, the cooling tower 44 transports low-temperature or normal-temperature cooling water into the water-cooled jacket 43. The cooling water flows in the water-cooled jacket 43 and exchanges heat with the high-temperature biochar in the discharge auger 41, absorbing heat to reduce the temperature of the biochar. The hot water after absorbing heat flows back to the cooling tower 44, and the cooling tower 44 uses air or other cooling media to cool the hot water. After it is restored to a lower temperature, the cooling water can be transported to the water-cooled jacket 43 for use again. In this way, a cooling water circulation system is formed to facilitate the continuous cooling of the biochar in the discharge auger 41 by the cooling mechanism.

[0117] The temperature of the cooled biochar is appropriate, reducing the possibility of dangers such as fires caused by high temperatures during storage and transportation and ensuring the safety of the production process. Appropriate cooling can also prevent the biochar from undergoing secondary reactions or deterioration due to high temperatures, ensuring the quality and performance of the biochar and improving the market competitiveness of the product. At the same time, the recycling of the cooling water reduces water resource consumption and lowers production costs.

[0118] The above embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patented application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A two-stage combustion synthesis gas processing device, characterized in that: include: A primary combustion chamber (11), wherein the primary combustion chamber (11) is provided with a burner (21) and a primary air blower (22), and the synthesis gas can be burned under oxygen in the primary combustion chamber (11); A secondary combustion chamber (12) is connected to the primary combustion chamber (11), the secondary combustion chamber (12) is equipped with a secondary fan (23), and the remaining combustible components in the synthesis gas after the oxygen-deficient combustion can be completely burned in the secondary combustion chamber (12); Wherein, the combustion temperature in the primary combustion chamber (11) and the secondary combustion chamber (12) is maintained at 1000±50°C; The secondary combustion chamber (12) is provided with a cold smoke inlet, through which cold smoke is mixed into the secondary combustion chamber (12), so that the combustion temperature can be adjusted while oxygen is supplemented, thereby promoting complete combustion of combustible components.

2. The two-stage combustion synthesis gas processing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The primary combustion chamber (11) and the secondary combustion chamber (12) adopt heat-insulating furnaces; The heat-insulating furnace comprises an outer shell, an inner lining and an interlayer, wherein the interlayer is arranged between the outer shell and the inner lining, and the interlayer is made of a heat-insulating material, which can reduce heat loss and improve combustion efficiency.

3. The two-stage combustion synthesis gas processing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The primary combustion chamber (11) and / or the secondary combustion chamber (12) are equipped with a temperature sensor; By controlling the oxygen supply through the temperature sensor in cooperation with the primary fan (22), the combustion temperature can be effectively controlled; The cold smoke inlet is connected to a cold smoke pipe, and a proportional regulating valve is provided on the cold smoke pipe; The combustion temperature can be effectively controlled by controlling the oxygen supply through the temperature sensor in cooperation with the secondary fan (23) and / or controlling the intake volume of cold flue gas through the proportional regulating valve.

4. The two-stage combustion synthesis gas processing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The secondary combustion chamber (12) is also provided with a cold air inlet, and the cold air inlet is adjacent to the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (12); By allowing normal temperature or low temperature gas to enter the secondary combustion chamber (12) through the cold air inlet, the hot flue gas about to be discharged from the secondary combustion chamber (12) can be cooled, so that the hot flue gas can be used downstream.

5. The two-stage combustion synthesis gas processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The primary combustion chamber (11) and the secondary combustion chamber (12) are both equipped with an oxygen concentration sensor, and the oxygen concentration sensor is used to confirm whether the oxygen concentration in the primary combustion chamber (11) and the secondary combustion chamber (12) meets corresponding combustion requirements; And / or, a nitrogen oxide detector is provided at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber (12), and the nitrogen oxide detector is used to confirm the cleaning effect of low-nitrogen combustion.

6. A biomass raw material carbonization system, characterized in that: The two-stage combustion synthesis gas processing device comprises the device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and further comprises a carbonization furnace (30), wherein the carbonization furnace (30) is used for carbonizing biomass raw materials; The carbonization furnace (30) is provided with a synthesis gas outlet (31) and a biomass charcoal outlet (32); The synthesis gas outlet (31) is connected to the primary combustion chamber (11), and the synthesis gas produced by carbonization can enter the two-stage combustion synthesis gas processing device, and successively undergo oxygen-deficient combustion and complete combustion, and finally form hot flue gas; The carbonization furnace (30) is also provided with a smoke reflow port (33), and hot smoke can provide heat for the carbonization furnace (30) through the smoke reflow port (33).

7. The biomass raw material carbonization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The carbonization furnace (30) is wrapped with a jacket (30a), the flue gas reflow port (33) is arranged on the jacket (30a), and hot flue gas can enter the jacket (30a) through the flue gas reflow port (33) to indirectly provide heat for the carbonization of the biomass raw material; The jacket (30a) is also provided with a smoke exhaust port, and the smoke exhausted through the smoke exhaust port still has thermal energy and can be used downstream.

8. The biomass raw material carbonization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the flue gas is cooled, it can flow back into the secondary combustion chamber (12) as cold flue gas through the cold flue gas inlet to assist complete combustion.

9. The biomass raw material carbonization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: A waste heat boiler (51) or a dryer is arranged downstream of the carbonization furnace (30), and the flue gas with heat energy can enter the waste heat boiler (51) or the dryer to play a role; And / or, a chimney (52) is provided downstream of the carbonization furnace (30) and is used to discharge flue gas.

10. The biomass raw material carbonization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: A discharging auger (41) for receiving the biochar outputted through the biochar discharge port (32); A charcoal collecting cylinder (42) for receiving the biochar transported by the discharging auger (41); A cooling mechanism acts on the discharging auger (41) to cool the biochar therein, the cooling mechanism comprising: A water-cooling jacket (43) wrapped around the outside of the discharging auger (41); a cooling tower (44), used for supplying cooling water to the water cooling jacket (43); When in operation, the cooling tower (44) outputs cooling water, which enters the water cooling jacket (43) and is used to cool the biochar in the discharge auger (41). The hot water after heat exchange flows back into the cooling tower (44) and is cooled by the cooling tower (44) so ​​that the cooling water can be recycled.

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