Edible mushroom fermentation equipment and fermentation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom culture, and discloses edible mushroom fermentation equipment which comprises a fermentation tank and an outer tank arranged outside the fermentation tank in a sleeving mode, a heat preservation interlayer is formed between the fermentation tank and the outer tank, and the interior of the heat preservation interlayer is sequentially divided into a pre-filtering cavity, a heating cavity and a filtering cavity through vertically-arranged isolation plates; according to the present invention, the pre-filtration cavity, the heating cavity and the filtration cavity are integrated in the interlayer of the outer tank and the fermentation tank, such that the space is saved, the dependence on the external pipeline is reduced, the assemblies such as the deep filtration box and the sterile water spraying piece are detachable, the filtration membrane replacement, the cleaning or the maintenance are convenient, the operation is simple, and the cost is low. The device has the characteristics of high practicability and integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly to an edible mushroom fermentation device and a fermentation method. Background Art

[0002] Edible mushrooms (such as shiitake mushrooms, ganoderma lucidum, pleurotus eryngii, etc.) are rich in protein, polysaccharides and bioactive substances, and have important value in the fields of food, medicine and health products. Traditional solid fermentation relies on the natural growth of mycelium in substrates (such as sawdust, straw), and has problems such as long cycle (30 - 60 days), high contamination rate (10 - 15%), and difficulty in large-scale production. The deep liquid fermentation technology realizes rapid proliferation (the cycle is shortened to 5 - 10 days) by suspending the mycelium in a liquid culture medium under a controlled environment, and has become the core direction of industrial production. However, the strict requirements of this technology for the aseptic environment, oxygen supply and process control make the performance of the ventilation and purification system directly determine the success or failure of fermentation.

[0003] During the liquid fermentation process, the mycelium consumes oxygen through respiration, and at the same time synthesizes metabolites (such as polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes). Insufficient oxygen supply will lead to restricted mycelial growth, stagnation of metabolite accumulation, and even autolysis or contamination; while excessive oxygen supply may cause foam accumulation and increased energy consumption. Therefore, accurately controlling the ventilation volume and gas sterility is the key to improving fermentation efficiency and product quality.

[0004] The ventilation system not only needs to provide high-purity sterile air, but also needs to ensure that the gas components (such as humidity, temperature, oxygen concentration) match the characteristics of the strain. For example, some edible mushroom mycelia require a relatively high humidity (70 - 80%RH) at the initial stage of growth to maintain cell activity, while high-temperature and dry gas is required during the sterilization stage to kill miscellaneous bacteria. Therefore, the efficiency, controllability and integration of air purification technology directly affect the stability and economy of the fermentation process. Although ventilation is crucial for edible mushroom fermentation, the following technical bottlenecks generally exist in traditional air purification devices, restricting the improvement of fermentation efficiency: Insufficient single-stage filtration efficiency: Most devices rely on a single high-efficiency filter membrane to intercept microorganisms, but untreated aerosols (including bacteria and phages) are prone to penetrate the filter membrane, and the filter membrane is easily blocked under high humidity, with high replacement costs; High sterilization energy consumption: Although high-temperature steam sterilization (121°C, 30 minutes) can inactivate microorganisms, directly heating air consumes a large amount of energy (power consumption of 1.2 - 2 kWh / m³), and there is a lack of waste heat recovery design, with a thermal efficiency of only 40 - 50%; Poor module dispersion and coordination: In existing technologies, dust removal, sterilization, and filtration modules are mostly installed independently (such as spray towers + sterilization tanks + filter boxes), with complex pipelines and high pressure losses (total pressure drop > 500 Pa), resulting in a 30% decrease in air supply efficiency. In addition, independent control of multiple systems is prone to parameter mismatches (such as temperature and humidity fluctuations), leading to incomplete sterilization. Therefore, it is necessary to design an edible mushroom fermentation device and fermentation method with strong practicality and integration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an edible mushroom fermentation device and fermentation method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An edible mushroom fermentation device includes a fermentation tank and an outer tank sleeved outside it. A heat preservation interlayer is formed between the fermentation tank and the outer tank. The heat preservation interlayer is sequentially divided into a pre-filtering chamber, a heating chamber, and a filtering chamber by a vertically arranged isolation plate. The pre-filtering chamber is located at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and an aseptic water spraying member and an air inlet pipe are arranged inside it. The air inlet pipe penetrates through the side wall of the outer tank and extends to the outside of the pre-filtering chamber. A spiral coiled conveying pipe is arranged in the heating chamber. The two ends of the conveying pipe are respectively communicated with the pre-filtering chamber and the filtering chamber, and a gas-liquid separator is installed on the conveying pipe. An ultraviolet sterilization lamp is arranged in the filtering chamber and is communicated with a depth filtering box at the top of the fermentation tank through a connecting pipe one. A hollow shaft driven by a driving member is arranged in the fermentation tank. The top of the hollow shaft is communicated with the depth filtering box through a connecting pipe two. A stirring air intake member is installed on the outer wall of the hollow shaft. A heating member is arranged in the heating chamber, and the waste heat of the heating member is conducted to the air inlet pipe to preheat the incoming air. A temperature sensor is arranged at the top of the fermentation tank, and the temperature measuring end of the temperature sensor extends into the fermentation tank.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, the aseptic water spraying member includes a circulating pipe, a circulating pump, and a spraying head. The circulating pipes are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the pre-filtering chamber. One end extends to the bottom of the pre-filtering chamber, and the other end extends to the top of the pre-filtering chamber and is communicated with a diversion channel inside the isolation plate. The spraying heads are evenly distributed at the lower end of the isolation plate and are communicated with the circulating pipe. The circulating pump is arranged on the circulating pipe.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the depth filtration tank includes a tank body, an activated carbon plate, and a hydrophobic filter membrane. The activated carbon plate and the hydrophobic filter membrane are detachably installed in the tank body through a magnetic snap structure, and the tank body is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation tank.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the heating element includes a heat exchange tube one that is spirally wound, a waste heat cylinder sleeved outside the intake pipe, and a heat exchange tube two. One end of the heat exchange tube one penetrates through the outer tank and is connected to an external heat source, and the other end extends to the heat exchange space between the waste heat cylinder and the intake pipe. The heat exchange tube two communicates the heat exchange space with an external cooling system.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the driving element includes a servo motor, a transmission gear one, a transmission gear two, and a gear box. The servo motor is fixedly installed on the top of the fermentation tank, and a transmission gear one is fixedly installed on its output shaft. The transmission gear two is fixedly sleeved on the hollow shaft, and the transmission gear one and the transmission gear two are meshed and connected. The gear box hermetically wraps the servo motor, the transmission gear one, and the transmission gear two.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the stirring and air intake part includes a lifting cylinder, a hollow stirring rod, and air intake holes. The lifting cylinder is movably sleeved outside the hollow shaft through a reciprocating lifting part. The hollow stirring rods are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer wall of the lifting cylinder. The air intake holes are symmetrically distributed along the axial direction of the hollow stirring rod and are communicated with the internal air path of the hollow shaft. The reciprocating lifting part is driven and controlled by the servo motor.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the reciprocating lifting part includes a movable connecting plate, an outward expanding rod, an outward expanding ring, a lifting column, a transmission gear three, and a limiting component. The movable connecting plate is movably connected to the top of the lifting cylinder. The outward expanding rods are circumferentially and obliquely fixed on the upper surface of the movable connecting plate, and the ends of the outward expanding rods are jointly connected to an outward expanding ring. The diameter of the outward expanding ring is larger than that of the movable connecting plate to form a guiding and supporting structure. The transmission gear three is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting column and is meshed with the transmission gear two. The lifting column is in transmission connection with the movable connecting plate through a reciprocating thread structure. The limiting component includes an arc-shaped limiting strip arranged on the side wall of the hollow shaft for restricting the rotational freedom of the lifting cylinder.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the fermentation tank includes a detachable tank cover, a tank body, and a tank seat. The bottom of the tank seat is provided with support legs in a circumferential array. The top of the tank body is respectively provided with a liquid inlet pipe and a steam inlet pipe, and the bottom of the tank seat is respectively provided with a liquid outlet pipe and a steam discharge pipe.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the side wall of the outer tank is provided with a water inlet one and a water outlet one that are communicated with the heating cavity, and a water inlet two and a water outlet two that are communicated with the pre-filtering cavity. The side wall of the outer tank is also provided with a transparent observation window.

[0015] An edible mushroom fermentation method includes the following steps: S1, Air pretreatment and humidification: Air is introduced into the pre-filter chamber through the intake pipe, and the sterile water spraying component is activated to humidify and dust the air; S2, Gas-liquid separation and heat sterilization: The air enters the heating chamber through the delivery pipe, undergoes gas-liquid separation through the gas-liquid separator, and is heated to the sterilization temperature by the heating component; S3, Secondary sterilization and deep filtration: The sterilized air enters the filtration chamber for ultraviolet secondary sterilization, and then is filtered through the deep filtration box and introduced into the hollow shaft; S4, Dynamic stirring and dissolved oxygen control: The driving component synchronously drives the rotation of the hollow shaft and the reciprocating lifting of the stirring air inlet component along the axial direction, releases sterile gas through the air inlet holes of the hollow stirring rod, and maintains the dissolved oxygen content of the fermentation broth within the target range; S5, Closed-loop temperature regulation: The temperature distribution in multiple regions inside the fermenter is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor, and the power of the heating component is dynamically adjusted based on the temperature gradient to ensure a constant-temperature fermentation environment inside the fermenter.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: (1) High-efficiency and energy-saving heat utilization: The waste heat of the heating component preheats the air in the intake pipe through the waste heat cylinder, significantly reducing external energy consumption. The heat-insulating layer reduces the heat dissipation of the fermenter, maintains a constant-temperature environment, improves energy efficiency. The spiral delivery pipe in the heating chamber is in close contact with the heat exchange pipe I, maximizing the heat exchange efficiency and shortening the heating time; (2) Four-stage air purification chain: Pre-filter chamber: Sterile water spraying for humidification and dust removal to remove large particle impurities (such as dust, spores); Heating chamber: High-temperature heating (60 - 65 °C) to inactivate some microorganisms, and the gas-liquid separator dries the gas; Filtration chamber: Ultraviolet sterilization lamp to kill residual microorganisms; Deep filtration box: Activated carbon plate adsorbs organic pollutants, and the hydrophobic filter membrane intercepts microbial corpses to ensure the final gas is sterile. The air treatment and fermentation processes are completely enclosed to avoid external pollution, and it is suitable for the cultivation of mycelia with high cleanliness requirements; (3) Dynamic three-dimensional stirring system: The reciprocating lifting component of the hollow stirring rod realizes the combined movement of rotation and lifting, breaks the stratification of the fermentation broth (such as mycelial precipitation or foam accumulation), improves the mixing uniformity, and the air inlet holes 1403 release tiny bubbles, enhancing the dissolved oxygen transfer efficiency and maintaining the dissolved oxygen content within the target range; (4) Integration of stirring and air supply: The integrated design of the hollow shaft, driving component and stirring air inlet component reduces the number of independent components and lowers the equipment complexity; (5) Closed-loop temperature regulation system: The temperature sensor monitors the temperature in multiple regions inside the fermenter in real time, and combines with the dynamic power adjustment of the heating component (through heat exchange pipe I and heat exchange pipe II) to ensure a constant-temperature environment; (6)Multi-strain applicability: It is applicable to the liquid fermentation of high-value-added strains such as Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinula edodes. By adjusting parameters such as heating temperature, air supply volume, and stirring speed, it can adapt to the fermentation requirements of different edible fungi; (7)Modular design: The pre-filter chamber, heating chamber, and filter chamber are integrated in the interlayer between the outer tank and the fermentation tank, saving space and reducing dependence on external pipelines. Components such as the deep filter box and sterile water spraying parts are detachable, facilitating the replacement of filter membranes, cleaning, or maintenance; (8)Closed-loop control: The temperature sensor real-time feedbacks data, and the PLC system links the heating element, circulation pump, and driving element to dynamically adjust parameters such as temperature, humidity, and stirring speed, realizing precise temperature control and dissolved oxygen control. Description of the Drawings

[0017] The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 is the first three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the second three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 is the third three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 is the first partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 is the second partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 6 is the third partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 7 is the fourth partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 8 is the fifth partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 9 is the sixth partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 10 is the seventh partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; In the figure: 1 - fermentation tank, 101 - tank cover, 102 - tank body, 103 - tank base, 104 - support leg, 105 - liquid inlet pipe, 106 - liquid outlet pipe, 107 - steam inlet pipe, 108 - steam discharge pipe, 2 - outer tank, 201 - first water inlet pipe, 202 - first water outlet pipe, 203 - second water inlet pipe, 204 - second water outlet pipe, 205 - transparent observation window, 3 - thermal insulation layer, 301 - isolation board, 302 - pre - filtration chamber, 303 - heating chamber, 304 - filtration chamber, 4 - sterile water spraying part, 401 - circulation pipe, 402 - circulation pump, 403 - spray head, 5 - air inlet pipe, 6 - conveying pipe, 7 - gas - liquid separator, 8 - ultraviolet sterilization lamp, 9 - first connecting pipe, 10 - depth filtration box, 1001 - box body, 1002 - activated carbon plate, 1003 - hydrophobic filter membrane, 11 - driving part, 1101 - servo motor, 1102 - first transmission gear, 1103 - second transmission gear, 1104 - gear box, 12 - hollow shaft, 13 - second connecting pipe, 14 - stirring air inlet part, 1401 - lifting cylinder, 1402 - hollow stirring rod, 1403 - air inlet hole, 15 - heating part, 1501 - first heat exchange pipe, 1502 - waste heat cylinder, 1503 - second heat exchange pipe, 16 - temperature sensor, 17 - reciprocating lifting part, 1701 - movable connecting plate, 1702 - outward - expanding rod, 1703 - outward - expanding ring, 1704 - lifting column, 1705 - third transmission gear, 1706 - arc - shaped limiting strip. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Please refer to Figure 1-10, the present invention provides a technical solution: an edible mushroom fermentation device, including a fermentation tank 1 and an outer tank 2 sleeved outside it. A heat preservation interlayer 3 is formed between the fermentation tank 1 and the outer tank 2. The heat preservation interlayer 3 is sequentially divided into a pre-filtering chamber 302, a heating chamber 303, and a filtering chamber 304 by a vertically arranged isolation plate 301. The pre-filtering chamber 302 is located at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and an aseptic water spraying member 4 and an air inlet pipe 5 are arranged inside it. The air inlet pipe 5 penetrates through the side wall of the outer tank 2 and extends to the outside of the pre-filtering chamber 302. A spirally coiled conveying pipe 6 is arranged in the heating chamber 303. The two ends of the conveying pipe 6 are respectively communicated with the pre-filtering chamber 302 and the filtering chamber 304, and a gas-liquid separator 7 is installed on the conveying pipe 6. An ultraviolet sterilization lamp 8 is arranged in the filtering chamber 304 and is communicated to a depth filtering box 10 at the top of the fermentation tank 1 through a connecting pipe 9. A hollow shaft 12 driven by a driving member 11 is arranged in the fermentation tank 1. The top of the hollow shaft 12 is communicated with the depth filtering box 10 through a connecting pipe 13. A stirring air inlet member 14 is installed on the outer wall of the hollow shaft 12. A heating member 15 is arranged in the heating chamber 303. The waste heat of the heating member 15 is conducted to the air inlet pipe 5 to preheat the incoming air. A temperature sensor 16 is arranged at the top of the fermentation tank 1, and the temperature measuring end of the temperature sensor 16 extends into the fermentation tank 1; In this application, the fermentation tank 1 is the main container, which is used for the deep liquid fermentation of mycelium, providing a closed environment to maintain the aseptic state. The outer tank 2 and the fermentation tank 1 form a heat preservation interlayer 3 to reduce heat loss and maintain the internal temperature of the fermentation tank 1 stable. The heat preservation interlayer 3 is sequentially divided into a pre-filtering chamber 302, a heating chamber 303, and a filtering chamber 304 by a vertically arranged isolation plate 301. The air inlet pipe 5 introduces external air, which enters the pre-filtering chamber 302 after being preheated by the waste heat of the heating member 15, reducing energy consumption. The aseptic water spraying member 4 sprays aseptic water to humidify and preliminarily filter the incoming air, removing large particle impurities and preliminarily purifying the air to avoid contamination by miscellaneous bacteria. The gas-liquid separator 7 separates the condensed water to ensure that the gas is dry. The pretreated air enters the spiral conveying pipe 6 in the heating chamber 303 and is heated to the required temperature. The dry gas enters the filtering chamber 304, and the ultraviolet sterilization lamp 8 kills the remaining microorganisms. The sterilized gas enters the depth filtering box 10 through the connecting pipe 9 for the last stage of physical filtration. The sterilized gas enters the inside of the hollow shaft 12 through the connecting pipe 13. The driving member 11 drives the hollow shaft 12 to rotate, and the stirring air inlet member 14 distributes the gas evenly into the culture medium in the fermentation tank 1, while stirring the liquid to ensure uniform growth of the mycelium. The temperature sensor 16 monitors the temperature inside the fermentation tank 1 in real time, and adjusts the heating power through the heating member 15 to maintain a constant temperature. pH, dissolved oxygen and other sensors can be arranged inside the fermentation tank 1 according to requirements, and parameters such as stirring speed and air supply volume are automatically adjusted through the PLC system. This is a common technical means in this technical field and will not be elaborated too much here. According to the characteristics of the strain, the mycelium proliferates rapidly under optimized conditions. After fermentation is completed, the culture solution is discharged for subsequent treatment; The partition structure (pre-filtering, heating, filtering) of the thermal insulation layer 3 of this application compactly integrates functional modules, saving space, reducing dependence on external pipelines. And through the settings of the pre-filtering chamber 302, the heating chamber 303 and the filtering chamber 304, a three-stage purification is formed: the pre-filtering chamber 302 (spray dust removal and humidification), the heating chamber 303 (helical tube heating + gas-liquid separation and dehumidification), the filtering chamber 304 (ultraviolet sterilization), and the deep filtering box 10 arranged at the top form an efficient air purification chain, reducing the risk of bacterial contamination. The waste heat of the heating chamber 303 (heating element 15) is used to preheat the intake pipe 5, improving energy efficiency and reducing external energy consumption. The hollow shaft 12 is connected to the deep filtering box 10, and the material stirring and the uniform distribution of the sterilization gas are synchronously realized through the stirring air intake part 14. The stirring and the gas supply are integrated, reducing the complexity of the equipment and enhancing the fermentation homogeneity; Specifically, the sterile water spraying part 4 includes a circulation pipe 401, a circulation pump 402 and a spray head 403. The circulation pipe 401 is symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the pre-filtering chamber 302. One end of it extends to the bottom of the pre-filtering chamber 302, and the other end extends to the top of the pre-filtering chamber 302 and is communicated with the shunt channel in the isolation plate 301. The spray heads 403 are uniformly arranged at the lower end of the isolation plate 301 and are communicated with the circulation pipe 401. The circulation pump 402 is arranged on the circulation pipe 401; The circulation pipes 401 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the pre-filtering chamber 302 to ensure balanced water flow distribution and avoid spray dead angles caused by uneven pressure on one side. The bottom extension end is used to extract the sterile water accumulated at the bottom of the pre-filtering chamber 302 to realize water recycling. A self-cleaning filter can be added at the bottom of the circulation pipe 401 to intercept large particle impurities and avoid blockage caused by long-term operation. The top extension end is connected to the shunt channel in the isolation plate 301 to convey water to the spray heads 403. The circulation pump 402 sucks the sterile water at the bottom of the pre-filtering chamber 302 into the circulation pipe 401, flows into the shunt channel of the isolation plate 301 through the top, and the shunt channel evenly distributes the water to each spray head 403. A fine water curtain is formed through the atomizing nozzle to humidify and dust-filter the air input by the intake pipe 5, increasing the air humidity, preventing dry impurities from suspending, and at the same time adjusting the air humidity to 70 - 80%RH (suitable for mycelium growth range). At the same time, the water mist adsorbs the dust particles in the air and settles to the bottom of the cavity. The water after spraying carries impurities and sinks to the bottom of the pre-filtering chamber 302, and is pumped again through the circulation pipe 401 to form a closed-loop cycle. Through the spray humidification of the pre-filtering chamber 302, the air humidity is close to the saturation state, reducing the dehumidification pressure of the gas-liquid separator 7; Specifically, the deep filtering box 10 includes a box body 1001, an activated carbon plate 1002 and a hydrophobic filter membrane 1003. The activated carbon plate 1002 and the hydrophobic filter membrane 1003 are detachably installed in the box body 1001 through a magnetic snap structure 1004. The box body 1001 is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation tank 1; The box body 1001 is fixed to the top of the fermentation tank 1 and directly receives the air from the filtration chamber 304. The sterilized air in the filtration chamber 304 enters the box body 1001 through the first connecting pipe 9, and successively passes through the activated carbon plate 1002 (chemical adsorption), the hydrophobic filter membrane 1003 (physical interception), the second connecting pipe 13, the hollow shaft 12, and the stirring air inlet part 14 and is released into the fermentation tank 1. The activated carbon plate 1002 adsorbs the organic pollutants that cannot be inactivated by ultraviolet rays, and the hydrophobic filter membrane 1003 intercepts the microbial corpses that may remain after ultraviolet sterilization, ensuring that the final gas is sterile, while blocking the penetration of moisture and preventing the condensed water from entering the fermentation tank 1; Specifically, the heating part 15 includes a heat exchange pipe 1501 coiled in a spiral shape, a waste heat cylinder 1502 sleeved outside the air inlet pipe 5, and a heat exchange pipe 1503. One end of the heat exchange pipe 1501 penetrates through the outer tank 2 and is connected to an external heat source, and the other end extends to the heat exchange space between the waste heat cylinder 1502 and the air inlet pipe 5. The heat exchange pipe 1503 communicates the heat exchange space with an external cooling system; The heat exchange pipe 1501 is coiled in a spiral shape in the heating chamber 303, arranged parallel or staggered with the conveying pipe 6, maximizing the contact with the heating medium. One end penetrates through the outer tank 2 and is connected to an external heat source (such as a steam generator or an electric heater), and the other end extends to the annular heat exchange space between the waste heat cylinder 1502 and the air inlet pipe 5. The external heat source (such as high-temperature steam or electric heating) inputs heat through the heat exchange pipe 1501, and its spiral structure enables it to be evenly distributed in the heat exchange space. The air in the air inlet pipe 5 flows through the inside of the waste heat cylinder 1502 and exchanges heat with the waste heat released by the heat exchange pipe 1501, and is preheated to the target temperature. The preheated air is more likely to quickly rise to the sterilization temperature in the heating chamber 303, shortening the processing time. The heat that is not utilized in the heat exchange space is transferred to the external cooling system through the heat exchange pipe 1503, realizing temperature control and energy recovery. According to the requirements of the fermentation process, the intake air temperature is accurately controlled by adjusting the power of the external heat source or the flow rate of the heat exchange pipe 1503; Specifically, the driving part 11 includes a servo motor 1101, a driving gear 1102, a driving gear 1103, and a gear box 1104. The servo motor 1101 is fixedly installed on the top of the fermentation tank 1, and a driving gear 1102 is fixedly installed on its output shaft. The driving gear 1103 is fixedly sleeved on the hollow shaft 12, and the driving gear 1102 and the driving gear 1103 are meshed and connected. The gear box 1104 hermetically wraps the servo motor 1101, the driving gear 1102, and the driving gear 1103; The servo motor 1101 receives a control signal and starts to rotate. The output shaft of the servo motor 1101 drives the first transmission gear 1102 to rotate, and transmits the power to the second transmission gear 1103 through meshing transmission. The second transmission gear 1103 is fixed on the hollow shaft 12 and drives the hollow shaft 12 to rotate, driving the stirring and air intake member 14 to work. The gearbox 1104 isolates the external environment to ensure that the transmission system operates under clean and lubricated conditions; Specifically, the stirring and air intake member 14 includes a lifting cylinder 1401, a hollow stirring rod 1402 and air intake holes 1403. The lifting cylinder 1401 is movably sleeved outside the hollow shaft 12 through a reciprocating lifting member 17. The hollow stirring rods 1402 are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer wall of the lifting cylinder 1401. The air intake holes 1403 are symmetrically distributed along the axial direction of the hollow stirring rod 1402 and are communicated with the internal air path of the hollow shaft 12. The reciprocating lifting member 17 is driven and controlled by the servo motor 1101; The servo motor 1101 receives an instruction from the controller, drives the reciprocating lifting member 17, and drives the lifting cylinder 1401 to move up and down along the hollow shaft 12. The hollow shaft 12 is driven by the driving member 11 to rotate, and at the same time, sterile air is conveyed to the hollow stirring rod 1402 through the internal air path. When the hollow stirring rod 1402 rotates, the gas is evenly released through the air intake holes 1403 to form tiny bubbles, promoting the transfer of dissolved oxygen. The reciprocating lifting member 17 periodically moves the hollow stirring rod 1402 up and down to break the stratification in the tank (such as mycelium precipitation or foam accumulation), enhancing the three-dimensional mixing effect. The hollow stirring rod 1402 simultaneously undertakes stirring, gas distribution and dynamic position adjustment, with a compact structure, reducing independent components and lowering costs; Specifically, the reciprocating lifting member 17 includes a movable connecting plate 1701, an outward expanding rod 1702, an outward expanding ring 1703, a lifting column 1704, a third transmission gear 1705 and a limiting component. The movable connecting plate 1701 is movably connected to the top of the lifting cylinder 1401. The outward expanding rods 1702 are circumferentially and obliquely fixed on the upper surface of the movable connecting plate 1701, and the ends of the outward expanding rods 1702 are jointly connected with an outward expanding ring 1703. The diameter of the outward expanding ring 1703 is larger than that of the movable connecting plate 1701 to form a guiding and supporting structure. The third transmission gear 1705 is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting column 1704 and is meshed with the second transmission gear 1103. The lifting column 1704 is in transmission connection with the movable connecting plate 1701 through a reciprocating thread structure. The limiting component includes an arc-shaped limiting strip 1706 arranged on the side wall of the hollow shaft 12 for restricting the rotational freedom of the lifting cylinder 1401; The servo motor 1101 drives the rotation of the transmission gear two 1103, driving the synchronous rotation of the transmission gear three 1705. The rotation of the lifting column 1704 is converted into a linear motion of the movable connecting plate 1701 through a reciprocating thread structure, driving the up and down movement of the outward expansion rod 1702 and the outward expansion ring 1703. The lifting cylinder 1401 linearly lifts and lowers along the trajectory of the arc-shaped limiting strip 1706. At the same time, the hollow stirring rod 1402 rotates synchronously with the lifting cylinder 1401 (driven by the hollow shaft 12) and moves vertically. The reciprocating lifting member 17 has no additional power source, and the power of the servo motor 1101 is reused through gear meshing, simplifying the structure, saving energy and increasing efficiency. At the same time, the rotation and lifting are synchronized. The hollow shaft 12 drives the rotation of the hollow stirring rod 1402, and the transmission gear three 1705 drives the lifting, realizing three-dimensional dynamic mixing and improving the mixing efficiency; Specifically, the fermentation tank 1 includes a detachable tank cover 101, a tank body 102 and a tank base 103. The bottom of the tank base 103 is provided with support legs 104 in a circumferential array. The top of the tank body 101 is respectively provided with a liquid inlet pipe 105 and a steam inlet pipe 107. The bottom of the tank base 103 is respectively provided with a liquid outlet pipe 106 and a steam discharge pipe 108; The tank base 103 and the support legs 104 are designed as detachable components, which is convenient for transportation and installation. The contact surfaces of the tank cover 101, the tank body 102 and the tank base 103 are sealed with O-rings to prevent leakage. The liquid inlet pipe 105 is used to inject fermentation raw materials (such as culture medium, strains), the liquid outlet pipe 106 is used to discharge the fermentation broth or waste liquid, and the steam inlet pipe 107 and the steam discharge pipe 108 are responsible for the introduction and discharge of high-temperature steam. The steam flows from top to bottom, which can effectively discharge the air in the tank and avoid the residue in the cold area. The diameter of the steam discharge pipe 108 is larger than that of the steam inlet pipe 107 to ensure smooth flow; Specifically, the side wall of the outer tank 2 is provided with a first water inlet pipe 201 and a first water outlet pipe 202 communicating with the heating chamber 303, and a second water inlet pipe 203 and a second water outlet pipe 204 communicating with the pre-filtering chamber 302. The side wall of the outer tank 2 is also provided with a transparent observation window 205; The first water inlet pipe 201 is responsible for transporting the liquid to be heated to the heating chamber 303, and is connected to an external heat source (such as a steam generator or an electric heater) to ensure that the liquid can quickly absorb heat and reach the required temperature. The first water outlet pipe 202 discharges the heated liquid from the heating chamber 303 into the subsequent treatment process. The second water inlet pipe 203 introduces the liquid into the pre-filtering chamber 302 for preliminary filtration to remove impurities and particulate matters to ensure that the liquid entering the heating chamber 303 is clean. The second water outlet pipe 204 discharges the liquid from the pre-filtering chamber 302. The transparent observation window 205 is installed on the side wall of the outer tank 2, which is convenient for the operator to observe the liquid flow, filtration and heating conditions inside the filtering chamber 304, the heating chamber 303 and the pre-filtering chamber 302 in real time; An edible mushroom fermentation method includes the following steps: S1, Air Pretreatment and Humidification: Air is introduced into the pre-filter chamber 302 through the intake pipe 5, and the sterile water spraying component 4 is activated to humidify and dust the air. S2, Gas-Liquid Separation and Heat Sterilization: The air enters the heating chamber 303 through the delivery pipe 6, is separated from gas and liquid by the gas-liquid separator 7, and is heated to the sterilization temperature by the heating component 15. S3, Secondary Sterilization and Deep Filtration: The sterilized air enters the filtration chamber 304 for ultraviolet secondary sterilization, and then is introduced into the hollow shaft 12 after passing through the deep filtration box 10. S4, Dynamic Stirring and Dissolved Oxygen Control: The driving component 11 synchronously drives the rotation of the hollow shaft 12 and the reciprocating lifting of the stirring air intake component 14 along the axial direction. The sterile gas is released through the air intake holes 1403 of the hollow stirring rod 1402 to maintain the dissolved oxygen content in the fermentation broth within the target range. S5, Closed-Loop Temperature Regulation: The temperature distribution in multiple regions inside the fermentation tank 1 is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 16, and the power of the heating component 15 is dynamically adjusted based on the temperature gradient to ensure a constant temperature fermentation environment inside the fermentation tank 1.

[0020] Working Principle: This equipment consists of a fermentation tank 1 (main fermentation container) and an outer tank 2 (integrated with heat preservation and functional modules). A heat preservation interlayer 3 is formed between the two, and the interior is divided into three functional chambers by a vertical partition 301: Pre-filter Chamber 302 (bottom): Air pretreatment and preliminary filtration; Heating Chamber 303 (middle): Air heating and gas-liquid separation; Filtration Chamber 304 (top): Ultraviolet sterilization and deep filtration.

[0021] Inside the fermentation tank 1, there are a hollow shaft 12 and a stirring air intake component 14, which realizes the integration of stirring and air supply through the driving component 11; on the side wall of the outer tank 2, there are inlet / outlet water pipes and a transparent observation window 205, which is convenient for liquid circulation and real-time observation.

[0022] The detailed working process is as follows: Air Pretreatment and Humidification (S1) External air enters the pre-filter chamber 302 through the intake pipe 5. The sterile water spraying component 4 (circulation pipe 401, spray head 403) is turned on, and the spray head 403 forms a water curtain to humidify (humidity 70 - 80%RH) and dust the air, adsorb large particle impurities, and settle them to the bottom of the cavity. The circulation pump 402 drives the circulation of sterile water, filters impurities, and maintains the continuous supply of the water curtain.

[0023] Gas-Liquid Separation and Heat Sterilization (S2) Before the air enters the heating chamber 303 through the intake pipe 5, it is preheated by the waste heat cylinder 1502 using the waste heat of the heating component 15. The gas-liquid separator 7 separates the condensed water to ensure the dryness of the gas and avoid water accumulation in the subsequent pipeline. The air enters the spiral coiled delivery pipe 6 and is heated to the sterilization temperature (60 - 65°C) by the heating component 15 (heat exchange pipe 1501).

[0024] Secondary sterilization and depth filtration (S3) The sterilized air enters the filtration chamber 304, and the residual microorganisms are killed by the ultraviolet sterilization lamp 8. The air enters the depth filtration box 10 through the first connecting pipe 9, and successively passes through the activated carbon plate 1002 (adsorbing organic substances) and the hydrophobic filter membrane 1003 (intercepting residual microorganisms) to ensure that the final gas is sterile.

[0025] Dynamic stirring and dissolved oxygen control (S4) The filtered sterile air enters the hollow shaft 12 through the second connecting pipe 13, and is then released through the hollow stirring rod 1402 of the stirring air inlet part 14. The driving part 11 (servo motor 1101) drives the hollow shaft 12 to rotate. At the same time, the hollow stirring rod 1402 reciprocates axially through the reciprocating lifting part 17, and the intake holes 1403 release tiny bubbles, uniformly distributing the gas and stirring the fermentation broth, enhancing the transfer of dissolved oxygen and preventing stratification (such as mycelium precipitation or foam accumulation).

[0026] Closed-loop temperature regulation (S5) The temperature sensor 16 monitors the temperatures in multiple regions inside the fermentation tank 1, and the data is fed back to the control system (a controller independently set externally). The heating part 15 dynamically adjusts the heating power according to the temperature gradient (through the first heat exchange pipe 1501 and the second heat exchange pipe 1503) to maintain a constant temperature environment (such as 30 - 35 °C). The heat preservation interlayer 3 reduces heat dissipation, and in cooperation with the waste heat utilization of the heating chamber 303, the energy efficiency is improved.

[0027] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0028] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An edible fungus fermentation device, comprising a fermentation tank (1) and an outer tank (2) sleeved on the outside of the fermentation tank, characterized in that: A heat-insulating interlayer (3) is formed between the fermentation tank (1) and the outer tank (2). The heat-insulating interlayer (3) is divided into a pre-filtering chamber (302), a heating chamber (303) and a filtering chamber (304) in sequence by a vertically arranged isolation plate (301). The pre-filtering chamber (302) is located at the bottom of the fermentation tank (1). A sterile water spraying part (4) and an air inlet pipe (5) are provided inside the pre-filtering chamber (302). The air inlet pipe (5) passes through the side wall of the outer tank (2) and extends to the outside of the pre-filtering chamber (302). A spirally wound delivery pipe (6) is provided in the heating chamber (303). The two ends of the delivery pipe (6) are respectively connected to the pre-filtering chamber (302) and the filtering chamber (304). A gas-liquid separator ( 7), an ultraviolet sterilization lamp (8) is provided in the filter chamber (304) and is connected to the depth filter box (10) at the top of the fermentation tank (1) through a connecting pipe (9), a hollow shaft (12) driven by a driving member (11) is provided in the fermentation tank (1), the top of the hollow shaft (12) is connected to the depth filter box (10) through a connecting pipe (13), a stirring air intake member (14) is installed on the outer wall of the hollow shaft (12), a heating member (15) is provided in the heating chamber (303), the residual heat of the heating member (15) is conducted to the air intake pipe (5) to preheat the intake air, a temperature sensor (16) is provided at the top of the fermentation tank (1), and the temperature measuring end of the temperature sensor (16) extends to the inside of the fermentation tank (1).

2. An edible fungus fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sterile water spraying member (4) comprises a circulation pipe (401), a circulation pump (402) and a spray head (403); the circulation pipe (401) is symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the pre-filtering chamber (302); one end of the circulation pipe (401) extends to the bottom of the pre-filtering chamber (302); the other end extends to the top of the pre-filtering chamber (302) and is connected to the diversion channel in the isolation plate (301); the spray head (403) is evenly arranged at the lower end of the isolation plate (301) and is connected to the circulation pipe (401); and the circulation pump (402) is arranged on the circulation pipe (401).

3. An edible fungus fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep filtration box (10) comprises a box body (1001), an activated carbon plate (1002) and a hydrophobic filter membrane (1003); the activated carbon plate (1002) and the hydrophobic filter membrane (1003) are detachably installed in the box body (1001) via a magnetic snap-fit ​​structure (1004); and the box body (1001) is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation tank (1).

4. An edible fungus fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating element (15) comprises a spirally wound heat exchange tube 1 (1501), a waste heat tube (1502) sleeved outside the air intake pipe (5), and a heat exchange tube 2 (1503). One end of the heat exchange tube 1 (1501) passes through the outer tank (2) and is connected to an external heat source, while the other end extends to a heat exchange space between the waste heat tube (1502) and the air intake pipe (5). The heat exchange tube 2 (1503) connects the heat exchange space with an external cooling system.

5. An edible fungus fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving member (11) comprises a servo motor (1101), a transmission gear 1 (1102), a transmission gear 2 (1103) and a gear box (1104). The servo motor (1101) is fixedly mounted on the top of the fermentation tank (1), and the output shaft of the servo motor (1101) is fixedly mounted with the transmission gear 1 (1102). The transmission gear 2 (1103) is fixedly sleeved on the hollow shaft (12). The transmission gear 1 (1102) and the transmission gear 2 (1103) are meshedly connected. The gear box (1104) seals and wraps the servo motor (1101), the transmission gear 1 (1102) and the transmission gear 2 (1103).

6. An edible fungus fermentation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stirring air inlet component (14) comprises a lifting cylinder (1401), a hollow stirring rod (1402) and an air inlet hole (1403); the lifting cylinder (1401) is movably sleeved outside the hollow shaft (12) through a reciprocating lifting component (17); the hollow stirring rods (1402) are arranged in a circular array on the outer wall of the lifting cylinder (1401); the air inlet holes (1403) are symmetrically distributed along the axis of the hollow stirring rods (1402) and are connected to the internal air path of the hollow shaft (12); the reciprocating lifting component (17) is driven and controlled by a servo motor (1101).

7. An edible fungus fermentation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reciprocating lifting member (17) comprises a movable connecting plate (1701), an outer expansion rod (1702), an outer expansion ring (1703), a lifting column (1704), a transmission gear three (1705) and a limit assembly. The movable connecting plate (1701) is movably connected to the top of the lifting cylinder (1401). The outer expansion rod (1702) is tilted and fixed to the upper surface of the movable connecting plate (1701) in a circular array. The ends of the outer expansion rods (1702) are commonly connected to the outer expansion ring (1703). The outer expansion ring (1703) The diameter of the hollow shaft (12) is larger than the diameter of the movable connecting plate (1701) to form a guiding support structure. The transmission gear three (1705) is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting column (1704) and is meshed with the transmission gear two (1103). The lifting column (1704) is transmission-connected to the movable connecting plate (1701) via a reciprocating thread structure. The limiting assembly includes an arc-shaped limiting strip (1706) provided on the side wall of the hollow shaft (12) for limiting the rotational freedom of the lifting cylinder (1401).

8. An edible fungus fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation tank (1) comprises a detachably connected tank cover (101), a tank body (102) and a tank base (103); the bottom of the tank base (103) is provided with supporting legs (104) in a circular array; the top of the tank body (101) is provided with a liquid inlet pipe (105) and a steam inlet pipe (107); and the bottom of the tank base (103) is provided with a liquid outlet pipe (106) and a steam exhaust pipe (108).

9. An edible fungus fermentation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The side wall of the outer tank (2) is provided with a first water inlet pipe (201) and a first water outlet pipe (202) which are in communication with the heating chamber (303), and a second water inlet pipe (203) and a second water outlet pipe (204) which are in communication with the pre-filtering chamber (302). The side wall of the outer tank (2) is also provided with a transparent observation window (205).

10. An edible fungus fermentation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, air pretreatment and humidification: air is introduced into the pre-filter chamber (302) through the air inlet pipe (5), and the sterile water spray component (4) is activated to humidify and remove dust from the air; S2, gas-liquid separation and heating sterilization: air enters the heating chamber (303) through the delivery pipe (6), is separated into gas and liquid by the gas-liquid separator (7) and is heated to the sterilization temperature by the heating element (15); S3, secondary sterilization and deep filtration: the sterilized air enters the filter chamber (304) for secondary ultraviolet sterilization, and then is filtered through the deep filtration box (10) and introduced into the hollow shaft (12); S4, dynamic stirring and dissolved oxygen control: the driving member (11) synchronously drives the hollow shaft (12) to rotate and the stirring air inlet member (14) to reciprocate and rise and fall along the axial direction, and releases sterile gas through the air inlet hole (1403) of the hollow stirring rod (1402), so as to maintain the dissolved oxygen content of the fermentation liquid within the target range; S5, closed-loop temperature control: The temperature distribution of multiple areas in the fermentation tank (1) is monitored in real time by a temperature sensor (16), and the power of the heating element (15) is dynamically adjusted based on the temperature gradient to ensure a constant temperature fermentation environment in the fermentation tank (1).

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