Underground oil casing laser perforation device

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground oil casing laser perforation device, which belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling and comprises the following steps: acquiring perforation parameter state data, perforation environment state data, light beam quality influence data and current perforation state data; generating a perforation parameter state index and a perforation state environment index according to the perforation parameter state data and the perforation environment state data, and obtaining a perforation basic coefficient according to the perforation parameter state index and the perforation state environment index; generating a light beam quality influence factor according to the light beam quality influence data, and acquiring a perforation collaboration coefficient of the current perforation depth and the light beam linear velocity in the current perforation state data under the condition of the current light beam quality influence factor; constructing a laser intensity adjustment model to generate a laser intensity adjustment value according to the collaboration of the current perforation depth and the light beam linear velocity, the perforation basic coefficient and the current laser intensity; according to the invention, deep penetration perforation of the oil casing can be realized by dynamically regulating and controlling laser parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of oil drilling, and particularly relates to a downhole oil casing laser perforation device. Background Art

[0002] In oil and gas field development, the downhole oil casing perforation technology is a key link in well completion and stimulation. Traditional perforation devices mainly rely on mechanical drills or perforating guns, but these technologies have significant defects: Electric perforation technology: Limited by the length of the mechanical drill, the perforation depth is usually only a few tens of millimeters, which is difficult to meet the development needs of deep oil and gas layers; During the drilling process, the stuck drill accident is likely to occur, resulting in operation interruption and equipment loss; The flexibility of aperture adjustment is poor and depends on the drill bit size.

[0003] Perforating gun technology: Relying on gunpowder blasting, the perforation depth range is limited to 0.8 - 1.2 m, there are explosion safety hazards and environmental pollution risks; During the blasting process, the aperture and direction are difficult to accurately control, which is easy to damage the casing structure and affect the wellbore integrity.

[0004] In addition, the existing technology cannot effectively cope with the interference of the downhole complex environment (such as high temperature, high pressure, vibration) on the perforation accuracy and stability, and lacks dynamic adjustment ability, making it difficult to achieve the coordinated optimization of deep penetration, high precision and non-contact operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a downhole oil casing laser perforation device to solve the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A downhole oil casing laser perforation device, comprising: A data acquisition module, which acquires perforation parameter status data, perforation environment status data, beam quality influence data, and current perforation status data; A perforation basic analysis module, which generates a perforation parameter status index and a perforation status environment index based on the perforation parameter status data and the perforation environment status data, and obtains a perforation basic coefficient based on the perforation parameter status index and the perforation environment status index; A perforation depth - linear velocity analysis module, which generates a beam quality influence factor based on the beam quality influence data, and obtains a perforation coordination coefficient of the current perforation depth and the beam linear velocity in the current beam quality influence factor condition; A laser intensity adjustment module, which constructs a laser intensity adjustment model based on the coordination of the current perforation depth and the beam linear velocity, the perforation basic coefficient, and the current laser intensity to generate a laser intensity adjustment value; The perforation parameter status data includes the perforation target aperture, perforation target depth, and material influence factor. The perforation environment status data includes temperature and pressure. The beam quality influence data includes the temperature fluctuation value of the laser generator, water vapor content, and vibration information. The temperature fluctuation value of the laser generator refers to the difference between the current laser temperature and the average laser temperature within a collection period.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions: Further technical solution: The method for generating the laser intensity adjustment value is as follows: Construct a laser intensity adjustment model based on the current perforation synergy coefficient, perforation basic coefficient, and current laser intensity; Import the current perforation synergy coefficient, perforation basic coefficient, and current laser intensity into the laser intensity adjustment model to output the laser intensity adjustment value; Compare the obtained laser intensity adjustment value with the laser intensity threshold. If the laser intensity adjustment value is within the laser intensity threshold, adjust the current laser intensity to the laser intensity adjustment value. If the laser intensity adjustment value is not within the laser intensity threshold, adjust the current laser intensity to the boundary value of the closest laser intensity threshold; The laser intensity adjustment model is expressed as: Among them, represents the laser intensity adjustment value, represents the current laser intensity, represents the adjustment ratio coefficient, represents the perforation basic coefficient, represents the perforation synergy coefficient, represents the beam quality influence factor.

[0008] Further technical solution: The method for obtaining the perforation basic coefficient is as follows: Import the perforation parameter status index obtained based on the perforation parameter status data and the perforation environment index obtained based on the perforation environment data into the constructed perforation basic model to output the perforation basic coefficient. The perforation basic model is expressed as: Among them, represents the perforation basic coefficient, represents the perforation environment index, represents the perforation parameter status index.

[0009] Further technical solution: The method for obtaining the perforation parameter status index is as follows: The target depth in the perforation parameter status data is processed by taking the ratio with the perforation limit depth to generate the depth utilization rate, and the target aperture is processed by taking the ratio with the minimum perforation aperture to generate the aperture processing difficulty factor; The square of the depth utilization rate, the logarithm of the aperture processing difficulty factor, and the material influence factor are subjected to weighted average processing to obtain the perforation parameter status index.

[0010] A further technical solution: The temperature and pressure in the perforation environment status data are respectively processed by taking the ratio with their reference temperature and reference pressure to obtain the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor, and the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor are multiplied to obtain the perforation environment index.

[0011] A further technical solution: The method for generating the beam quality influence factor based on the beam quality influence data is as follows: The laser body temperature fluctuation, vibration amplitude, and water vapor content in the beam quality influence data are respectively processed by taking the ratio with their maximum allowable values to obtain the laser body temperature fluctuation value, vibration amplitude value, and water vapor content value; The temperature fluctuation value, vibration amplitude value, and water vapor content value are imported into the constructed beam quality influence model to obtain the beam quality influence factor, and the beam quality influence model is expressed as: Among them, represents the beam quality influence factor, represents the temperature fluctuation value, represents the vibration amplitude value, represents the water vapor content value.

[0012] A further technical solution: The method for obtaining the perforation synergy coefficient of the current perforation depth and the beam linear velocity in the current perforation status data under the condition of the current beam quality influence factor is as follows: The perforation depth under the current laser intensity is processed by taking the ratio with the target perforation depth to obtain the perforation depth proximity value, and the beam linear velocity under the current laser intensity is processed by taking the ratio with the maximum allowable linear velocity to obtain the velocity efficiency value; The current perforation depth proximity value, velocity efficiency value, and beam quality influence factor are multiplied to obtain the perforation synergy coefficient.

[0013] A further technical solution: An underground oil casing laser perforation device further includes an installation pipe and a limiting device. The limiting device is detachably connected to the installation pipe on which a rotating cylinder is rotatably installed, and further includes: A laser perforation mechanism, installed on the rotating cylinder, for laser perforation; The driving mechanism is installed on the installation pipe and is used to drive the rotating cylinder to drive the laser perforation mechanism to rotate; The pushing mechanism is installed on the installation pipe and is used to push the laser perforation mechanism out of the installation pipe.

[0014] Among them, the laser perforation mechanism includes a laser generator and an installation disk. The installation disk is slidably matched with the rotating cylinder. The installation disk is evenly provided with sliding grooves. The laser generator is detachably connected to a bearing platform slidably arranged in one sliding groove. The bearing platform is in threaded connection with a first ball screw rotatably installed on the installation disk. The first ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a third motor installed on the installation disk. Counterweight blocks are slidably arranged in the other sliding grooves. The counterweight blocks are in threaded connection with a second ball screw rotatably installed on the installation disk. The second ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a fourth motor embedded in the installation disk. A vibration sensor is installed on the installation disk.

[0015] Further technical solution: The driving mechanism includes a first motor and a first rotating shaft. The output shaft of the first motor embedded in the installation pipe is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft is in transmission connection with the rotating cylinder through a gear pair.

[0016] Further technical solution: The pushing mechanism includes a second motor, a wedge-shaped slider and a second rotating shaft. The output shaft of the second motor embedded in the installation pipe is fixedly connected to a trapezoidal lead screw. The trapezoidal lead screw is rotatably installed on the installation pipe through a bearing. The trapezoidal lead screw is in threaded connection with a screw barrel fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped slider. The wedge-shaped slider is slidably matched with the installation pipe. One end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the installation disk. The other end of the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a push sleeve. A push column fixedly connected to the push sleeve is slidably matched with a pushing groove opened on the wedge-shaped slider.

[0017] The present invention provides an underground oil casing laser perforation device, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: 1. By establishing a multi-dimensional data fusion model, three key factors of target parameters, environmental interference and equipment status are incorporated into a unified calculation framework. For example, when the beam is offset due to vibration interference, the system dynamically corrects the energy output through the coordination coefficient, while the traditional method can only passively withstand processing errors.

[0018] 2. This application realizes the closed-loop control of laser perforation parameters under complex underground environments, effectively improving the perforation depth and aperture accuracy. By dynamically perceiving environmental parameters and equipment status, the influence of temperature fluctuations and vibration interference on processing quality is eliminated. Using a multi-source data fusion algorithm, the limitations of the traditional single-parameter adjustment mode are broken through, and the coordinated optimization of processing objectives, environmental constraints and equipment status is realized. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the downhole oil casing laser perforation device.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of each component of the downhole oil casing laser perforation device.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pushing mechanism and the driving mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is the present invention Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in it.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals: 1, installation pipe; 2, limiting device; 3, rotating cylinder; 4, driving mechanism; 401, first motor; 402, first rotating shaft; 403, gear pair; 5, pushing mechanism; 501, second motor; 502, trapezoidal lead screw; 503, screw barrel; 504, wedge-shaped slider; 505, pushing sleeve; 506, second rotating shaft; 6, laser perforation mechanism; 601, laser generator; 602, mounting disc; 603, third motor; 604, first ball screw; 605, bearing platform; 606, fourth motor; 607, second ball screw; 608, counterweight. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0026] The following describes the specific implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0027] Embodiment 1 In the prior art, downhole oil casing perforation mainly relies on two traditional technologies: mechanical drill bits and perforating guns. Mechanical drill bits are limited by physical length and cannot perform deep penetration operations, and there is a risk of sticking the drill; perforating guns rely on gunpowder blasting, which has safety hazards and poor hole diameter control accuracy. Neither of these two technologies can dynamically adapt to the complex downhole environment. For example, when operating in a high-temperature and high-pressure well section, the traditional method cannot sense the change of environmental parameters in real time, resulting in the perforation depth deviating from the design requirements, and at the same time, the vibration interference causes the hole diameter to be irregular.

[0028] To solve the above problems, the R & D team found through analysis that the core contradiction lies in the lack of a multi-dimensional parameter dynamic collaborative control mechanism. First, it was observed that the stability of laser energy output directly affects the perforation quality, but no quantitative correlation between beam quality and environmental interference was established. Second, it was found that the adjustment of existing technical parameters only considered a single variable and did not integrate target parameters, environmental parameters, and equipment status parameters. Based on this, it was proposed to construct a multi-source data fusion model to achieve precise energy regulation by dynamically calculating the processing coefficient.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 , for an embodiment of the present invention, a downhole oil casing laser perforation device, comprising: A data acquisition module, which acquires perforation parameter status data, perforation environment status data, beam quality influence data, and current perforation status data; A perforation basic analysis module, which generates a perforation parameter status index and a perforation status environment index based on the perforation parameter status data and the perforation environment status data, and obtains a perforation basic coefficient based on the perforation parameter status index and the perforation environment status index; A perforation depth - linear velocity analysis module, which generates a beam quality influence factor based on the beam quality influence data, and obtains a perforation coordination coefficient of the current perforation depth and the beam linear velocity in the current beam quality influence factor condition; A laser intensity adjustment module, which constructs a laser intensity adjustment model based on the coordination of the current perforation depth and the beam linear velocity, the perforation basic coefficient, and the current laser intensity to generate a laser intensity adjustment value.

[0030] Preferably, the perforation parameter status data includes the perforation target aperture, the perforation target depth, and the material influence factor, the perforation environment status data includes the temperature and the pressure, the beam quality influence data includes the temperature fluctuation value of the laser generator, the water vapor content, and the vibration information, and the temperature fluctuation value of the laser generator refers to the difference between the current laser temperature and the average laser temperature within a collection period.

[0031] Among them, the perforation parameter status index is used to quantify the matching degree between the target processing requirements and the material characteristics. Specifically, the depth utilization rate can be calculated by the ratio of the target depth to the limit depth, and the processing difficulty can be calculated by combining the ratio of the target aperture to the minimum aperture to achieve adaptive control of different material casings.

[0032] The perforation environment index constructs an environment constraint model through temperature and pressure parameters. Specifically, the real-time data and the reference value can be normalized to reflect the influence of high temperature and high pressure on the energy transmission efficiency.

[0033] The beam quality influence factor constructs a dynamic interference evaluation model through the temperature fluctuation of the laser, the water vapor content, and the vibration amplitude. For example, the measured values of each parameter are processed by taking the ratio with the allowable threshold value to achieve real-time diagnosis of the equipment operation status.

[0034] The perforation synergy coefficient is used to evaluate the matching degree between the current processing progress and the equipment status. Specifically, it is calculated by coupling the proximity of the actual perforation depth to the target value and the ratio of the linear velocity to the maximum allowable value to ensure the stability of the processing process.

[0035] Specifically, this method first collects four types of key data through a sensor network: processing target parameters, environmental parameters, equipment status parameters, and real-time processing parameters. The perforation basic coefficient is generated by fusing the target parameters and environmental parameters. For example, the material characteristics and the target hole diameter depth are weighted and calculated, and at the same time, the influence coefficient of temperature and pressure on the processing efficiency is combined. The beam quality influence factor analyzes the laser operation stability parameters to establish a quantitative relationship between the equipment status and the beam quality. The synergy coefficient dynamically compares the current processing depth and linear velocity with the target values, and combines the equipment status to evaluate the processing deviation. Finally, by establishing a laser intensity adjustment model, the basic coefficient, the synergy coefficient, and the current energy parameters are jointly calculated to output an optimized laser intensity value. For example, when the beam quality decreases due to a high-temperature environment, the system automatically increases the energy output to compensate for the efficiency loss, and at the same time adjusts the linear velocity according to the real-time perforation depth to maintain the processing stability.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the traditional mechanical drill bit only controls the processing depth through the mechanical structure and cannot achieve dynamic adjustment of the energy parameters. The perforating gun uses a fixed amount of gunpowder to control the blasting energy and lacks the ability to respond to environmental interference. This solution establishes a multi-dimensional data fusion model, incorporating three key factors: target parameters, environmental interference, and equipment status, into a unified calculation framework. For example, when the beam is offset due to vibration interference, the system dynamically corrects the energy output through the synergy coefficient, while the traditional method can only passively tolerate the processing error.

[0037] Through the above technical solutions, this application realizes the closed-loop control of the laser perforation parameters in the complex downhole environment, effectively improving the perforation depth and hole diameter accuracy. By dynamically perceiving the environmental parameters and equipment status, the influence of temperature fluctuation and vibration interference on the processing quality is eliminated. Using the multi-source data fusion algorithm, the limitations of the traditional single-parameter adjustment mode are broken through, and the collaborative optimization of the processing target, environmental constraints, and equipment status is achieved.

[0038] Preferably, the method for obtaining the perforation basic coefficient is as follows: The ratio of the target depth in the perforation parameter status data to the perforation limit depth is processed to generate the depth utilization rate, and the ratio of the target hole diameter to the minimum perforation hole diameter is processed to generate the hole diameter processing difficulty factor; Perform weighted average processing on the square of the depth utilization rate, the logarithm of the pore diameter processing difficulty factor, and the material influence factor to obtain the perforation parameter status index; Perform ratio processing on the temperature and pressure in the perforation environment status data with their reference temperatures and reference pressures respectively to obtain the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor, and perform product processing on the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor to obtain the perforation environment index; Import the perforation parameter status index and the perforation environment index into the constructed perforation basic model to output the perforation basic coefficient, and the perforation basic model is expressed as: Wherein, represents the perforation basic coefficient, represents the perforation environment index, represents the perforation parameter status index.

[0039] Specifically, when calculating the perforation basic coefficient, first perform product operation on the perforation parameter status index and the environment index, which strengthens the non-linear coupling effect between the parameters and the environmental factors. For example, when the target depth is close to the limit value, the parameter status index increases significantly. At this time, if the environmental temperature rises abnormally, the product operation will amplify the negative effect of the environment index. Subsequently, perform ratio processing on the product value and the sum value of the two, which constructs a dynamic balance mechanism. When both the parameter and the environment index are at high values, the ratio operation can suppress the calculation deviation under extreme working conditions; when one index is at a low value, the ratio operation can retain the dominant influence of the other index. This operation mechanism enables the perforation basic coefficient to reflect both the superposition effect of material processing difficulty and environmental constraints and avoid coefficient distortion caused by abnormal single parameters in the deep hole processing scenario under high temperature and high pressure environment.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, traditional methods usually adopt linear superposition or fixed weight distribution methods to process parameters and environmental factors, and cannot accurately reflect the dynamic coupling relationship between the two. For example, when performing deep hole processing in a high temperature environment, the prior art may simply add the temperature influence coefficient and the depth influence coefficient calculated separately, resulting in the neglect of the non-linear characteristics of the interaction between material thermal deformation and processing stress in actual working conditions. This solution captures the synergistic effect of parameters and environmental factors through product operation, and realizes dynamic allocation of influence weights through ratio operation, enabling the basic coefficient to accurately characterize the true processing state under the complex action of multiple variables underground.

[0041] Through the above technical solution, the present application effectively solves the problem of coefficient calculation error caused by the dynamic coupling of parameters and environmental factors in the complex downhole environment, and improves the characterization accuracy of the perforation basic coefficient for the actual working conditions. This solution dynamically balances the interaction between parameters and environmental factors through a mathematical model, enabling accurate assessment of the processing conditions under complex conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, vibration interference, etc., and providing a reliable basis for subsequent laser intensity adjustment. In a specific application scenario, when the hardness of the oil casing material abnormally increases and the downhole temperature suddenly changes, the model can automatically enhance the coupling calculation weight of the material factor and the environmental factor, avoiding the problem of adjustment lag caused by a single parameter dominating. Preferably, the method for generating the beam quality influence factor based on the beam quality influence data is as follows: The temperature fluctuation of the laser body, the vibration amplitude, and the water vapor content in the beam quality influence data are respectively processed by taking the ratio with their maximum allowable values to obtain the temperature fluctuation value of the laser body, the vibration amplitude value, and the water vapor content value. Among them, the temperature fluctuation value of the laser body refers to the ratio of the current temperature fluctuation of the laser to the maximum allowable temperature fluctuation range, and this parameter is used to reflect the influence degree of temperature abnormality on the stability of the laser. The vibration amplitude value refers to the ratio of the vibration sensor measurement value to the maximum allowable vibration amplitude, and specifically, the vibration data can be collected by an accelerometer and normalized to achieve this. This parameter is used to quantify the offset effect of mechanical vibration on the beam transmission path. The water vapor content value refers to the ratio of the environmental water vapor concentration to the maximum allowable water content, and specifically, the relative saturation can be monitored and calculated in real time by a humidity sensor. This parameter is used to characterize the scattering attenuation effect of water vapor on laser energy; The temperature fluctuation value, the vibration amplitude value, and the water vapor content value are imported into the constructed beam quality influence model to obtain the beam quality influence factor. The beam quality influence model is expressed as: Among them, represents the beam quality influence factor, represents the temperature fluctuation value, represents the vibration amplitude value, represents the water vapor content value.

[0042] Specifically, by multiplying the temperature fluctuation value, the vibration amplitude value, and the water vapor content value, the sensitivity to the beam quality when a single parameter exceeds the standard can be enhanced.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the traditional method does not establish a correlation model between beam quality and environmental parameters, and only performs static control through empirical thresholds. For example, the perforating gun technology cannot perceive the attenuation of blasting energy caused by temperature fluctuations, and the electric perforating technology does not consider the impact of water vapor on the cooling efficiency of the drill bit. In contrast, this solution can accurately identify the dominant factors leading to the deterioration of beam quality by constructing a dynamic quantification model through real-time acquisition of temperature, vibration, and water vapor data, and output adjustment instructions based on the mathematical model to achieve active compensation for environmental interference.

[0044] Through the above technical solution, this application can evaluate the degree of environmental interference on beam quality in real time in the downhole high-temperature and high-pressure environment. For example, when the laser is displaced due to vibration, the laser intensity can be increased in a timely manner through the quantitative calculation of the vibration amplitude value to offset the energy loss. For the beam scattering caused by the sudden increase in water vapor concentration, the system can automatically adjust the laser output power according to the dynamic change of the water vapor content value to maintain the processing accuracy of the perforation depth and aperture. This solution effectively solves the problem of beam stability control in complex environments and avoids perforation interruption or casing damage caused by the exceeding standard of a single environmental parameter.

[0045] Preferably, the method for obtaining the current perforation depth and the perforation coordination coefficient of the beam linear velocity in the current perforation state data under the current beam quality influencing factors is as follows: Perform a ratio process on the perforation depth under the current laser intensity and the target perforation depth to obtain the perforation depth proximity value, and perform a ratio process on the beam linear velocity under the current laser intensity and the maximum allowable linear velocity to obtain the velocity efficiency value; Perform a product process on the current perforation depth proximity value, the velocity efficiency value, and the beam quality influencing factor to obtain the perforation coordination coefficient.

[0046] The current perforation coordination coefficient refers to the matching degree between the current perforation depth and the beam linear velocity, and can be specifically calculated by multiplying the ratio of the current depth to the target depth by the linear velocity efficiency value and then by the beam quality influencing factor ( , represents the perforation coordination coefficient, represents the current perforation depth, represents the target perforation depth, represents the current beam linear velocity, represents the maximum allowable linear velocity, represents the linear velocity efficiency, represents the beam quality influencing factor, and the current drilling coordination coefficient Through the depth achievement rate (perforation depth proximity value ), velocity efficiency ( ), and beam quality influencing factor ( (The coupling of ()) reflects in real time the matching degree between the processing state and the ideal target), and is used to characterize the coordination of dynamic parameters in the processing process. The perforation basic coefficient refers to the comprehensive action index of material properties and environmental parameters, and can specifically be obtained by performing a ratio operation on the product of the perforation parameter state index and the perforation environment index and then its sum value, and is used to quantify the stability of the basic process conditions.

[0047] Through the above technical solution, the present application can achieve precise dynamic control of the laser intensity under complex downhole working conditions, and effectively suppress the processing quality fluctuations caused by sudden changes in environmental parameters. Through the exponential adjustment mechanism of multi-factor coupling, while ensuring the perforation depth, the matching of the beam movement speed is optimized, and the casing damage caused by excessive energy input is avoided. The threshold boundary forced limitation strategy is adopted, which not only maintains the physical rationality of parameter adjustment but also prevents the risk of equipment over-limit operation, and solves the technical problems of adjustment hysteresis and overshoot in the traditional method in a complex environment. Preferably, the method for generating the laser intensity adjustment value is as follows: Construct a laser intensity adjustment model based on the current perforation coordination coefficient, perforation basic coefficient, and current laser intensity; Import the current perforation coordination coefficient, perforation basic coefficient, and current laser intensity into the laser intensity adjustment model to output the laser intensity adjustment value; Compare the obtained laser intensity adjustment value with the laser intensity threshold. If the laser intensity adjustment value is within the laser intensity threshold, adjust the current laser intensity to the laser intensity adjustment value. If the laser intensity adjustment value is not within the laser intensity threshold, adjust the current laser intensity to the boundary value closest to the laser intensity threshold; The laser intensity adjustment model is expressed as: Among them, represents the laser intensity adjustment value, represents the current laser intensity, represents the adjustment ratio coefficient, represents the perforation basic coefficient, represents the perforation coordination coefficient, represents the beam quality influence factor.

[0048] Specifically, the current perforation coordination coefficient characterizes the matching degree between the processing efficiency and the target state, and the perforation basic coefficient is the comprehensive action index of material properties and environmental parameters, reflecting the stability of the basic process conditions. The larger, the farther the actual efficiency deviates from the target, and the power needs to be increased. When increases, the power increases proportionally to overcome complex working conditions. When it decreases, the denominator decreases and the power is increased to offset the energy loss. Through the dynamic coupling of multiple parameters, the laser intensity adjustment model realizes the adaptive regulation of the laser power.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, traditional laser intensity control mostly adopts a single-parameter feedback mechanism. For example, it only makes a linear proportional adjustment according to the perforation depth error and cannot handle the multi-parameter coupling relationship underground. This solution can synchronously respond to the comprehensive influence of material properties, environmental disturbances and equipment status by constructing an adjustment model involving multi-dimensional influencing factors, and still maintain the adjustment accuracy under high temperature and high pressure conditions. In the prior art, the threshold setting mostly has a fixed upper limit. This solution adopts dynamic boundary constraints, which can maximize the adjustment space while ensuring the safety of the equipment.

[0050] Through the above technical solutions, this application can achieve precise dynamic control of the laser intensity under complex downhole conditions, effectively suppressing the processing quality fluctuations caused by sudden changes in environmental parameters. Through the adjustment mechanism of multi-factor coupling, while ensuring the perforation depth, it optimizes the matching of the beam movement speed, avoiding casing damage caused by excessive energy input. By adopting the threshold boundary forced limitation strategy, it not only maintains the physical rationality of parameter adjustment but also prevents the risk of equipment over-limit operation, solving the technical problems of adjustment hysteresis and overshoot of traditional methods in complex environments.

[0051] Please refer to Figures 2 to 5 , a downhole oil casing laser perforation device, further comprising an installation pipe 1 and a limiting device 2. The limiting device 2 is detachably connected to the installation pipe 1 on which a rotating cylinder 3 is rotatably installed, and further comprising: A laser perforation mechanism 6, installed on the rotating cylinder 3 for laser perforation; A driving mechanism 4, installed on the installation pipe 1 for driving the rotating cylinder 3 to drive the laser perforation mechanism 6 to rotate; A pushing mechanism 5, installed on the installation pipe 1 for pushing the laser perforation mechanism 6 out of the installation pipe 1.

[0052] Among them, the laser perforating mechanism 6 includes a laser generator 601 and a mounting disk 602, the mounting disk 602 is slidably matched with the rotating drum 3, and the mounting disk 602 is evenly provided with slide grooves (not marked in the figure), the laser generator 601 is detachably connected to a bearing platform 605 slidably arranged in a slide groove, the bearing platform 605 is threadedly connected to a first ball screw 604 rotatably installed on the mounting disk 602, the first ball screw 604 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor 603 installed on the mounting disk 602, and a counterweight block 608 is slidably arranged in the other slide grooves, the counterweight block 608 is threadedly connected to a second ball screw 607 rotatably installed on the mounting disk 602, the second ball screw 607 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the fourth motor 606 embedded and installed on the mounting disk 602, and the mounting disk 602 is installed with The vibration sensor (not shown in the figure) is set up for the purpose of using the third motor 603 to drive the first ball screw 604 to rotate, and the first ball screw 604 drives the carrier 605 to drive the laser generator 601 to perform linear motion, thereby adjusting the aperture of the laser generator 601 for perforation, and the driving mechanism 4 drives the mounting plate 602 to rotate. At this time, the vibration of the mounting plate 602 can be detected by the vibration sensor. If the vibration amplitude of the mounting plate 602 exceeds the preset vibration amplitude threshold, the fourth motor 606 is started to drive the second ball screw 607 to drive the counterweight block 608 to perform linear motion, and the position of the counterweight block 608 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the center of gravity of the mounting plate 602 to make the vibration amplitude of the mounting plate 602 within the vibration amplitude threshold, thereby preventing the vibration amplitude of the laser generator 601 from exceeding the standard when perforating and affecting the perforation quality.

[0053] Among them, the driving mechanism 4 includes a first motor 401 and a first rotating shaft 402. The output shaft of the first motor 401 embedded in the mounting tube 1 is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 402. The first rotating shaft 402 is connected to the rotating drum 3 through a gear pair 403. The purpose of this arrangement is to use the first motor 401 to drive the first rotating shaft 402 to rotate, and the first rotating shaft 402 synchronously drives the rotating drum 3 to rotate through the gear pair 403, thereby driving the mounting plate 602 to drive the laser generator 601 to rotate around the central axis of the mounting plate 602, thereby achieving the technical effect of driving the laser generator 601 to rotate around the central axis of the mounting plate 602 to perforate the object to be perforated.

[0054] Among them, the pushing mechanism 5 includes a second motor 501, a wedge-shaped slider 504, and a second rotating shaft 506. The output shaft of the second motor 501 embedded and installed on the installation pipe 1 is fixedly connected to a trapezoidal lead screw 502. The trapezoidal lead screw 502 is rotatably installed on the installation pipe 1 through a bearing (not shown in the figure). The trapezoidal lead screw 502 is threadedly connected to a nut barrel 503 fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped slider 504. The wedge-shaped slider 504 is slidably matched with the installation pipe 1. One end of the second rotating shaft 506 is fixedly connected to the installation disk 602, and the other end of the second rotating shaft 506 is rotatably connected to a pushing sleeve 505. A pushing column (not shown in the figure) that is slidably matched with a pushing groove (not shown in the figure) opened on the wedge-shaped slider 504 is fixedly connected to the pushing sleeve 505. The second motor 501 drives the trapezoidal lead screw 502 to rotate. The trapezoidal lead screw 502 drives the nut barrel 503 to drive the wedge-shaped slider 504 to perform a linear motion. The wedge-shaped slider 504 drives the pushing column through the pushing groove to drive the pushing sleeve 505 to drive the second rotating shaft 506 to perform a linear motion. The second rotating shaft 506 drives the installation disk 602 to slide along the rotating cylinder 3, thereby achieving the technical effect of pushing the laser generator 601 out of the installation pipe 1 and close to the object to be perforated.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present invention, the pushing mechanism 5 is used to push the laser generator 601 to expose from the installation pipe 1 and then close to the object to be perforated. The third motor 603 is used to drive the first ball screw 604 to rotate. The first ball screw 604 drives the bearing platform 605 to drive the laser generator 601 to perform a linear motion, thereby adjusting the aperture of the laser generator 601 for perforation. At this time, the driving mechanism 4 is started to drive the rotating cylinder 3 to rotate. At this time, the vibration condition of the installation disk 602 can be detected through the vibration sensor. If the vibration amplitude of the installation disk 602 exceeds the preset vibration amplitude threshold, the fourth motor 606 is started to drive the second ball screw 607 to drive the counterweight 608 to perform a linear motion, adjust the position of the counterweight 608, and then adjust the center of gravity of the rotation of the installation disk 602, so as to make the vibration amplitude of the installation disk 602 within the vibration amplitude threshold, prevent the vibration amplitude of the laser generator 601 from exceeding the standard and affecting the quality of the perforation during the perforation, and finally turn on the laser generator 601 to perform laser perforation on the object to be perforated, and at the same time, the above-mentioned downhole oil casing laser perforation device is used to dynamically adjust the laser intensity of the laser generator 601.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, traditional mechanical drill bits are limited by the fixed counterweight structure and cannot maintain dynamic balance when adjusting the perforation position. However, in this solution, through the combination of symmetric sliding grooves and dynamically adjustable counterweight blocks, the counterweight can still be adjusted in real time after changing the position of the laser generator 601 to maintain rotational stability. The existing perforating gun device lacks an axial adjustment mechanism, and the perforation depth is limited by the energy of gunpowder blasting. In this solution, the axial displacement control is achieved through the pushing mechanism 5, and the three-dimensional space adjustment ability is formed by combining rotational positioning, breaking through the limitation of traditional single-direction processing. Compared with the laser equipment using an integral counterweight, this solution reduces the structural weight while ensuring dynamic balance through the coordinated adjustment of the separated counterweight blocks and the laser generator, adapting to the narrow downhole operation space.

[0057] Through the above technical solutions, the stable positioning of the laser perforating device is achieved in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and the influence of mechanical vibration on the processing accuracy is eliminated through dynamic balancing. The multi-dimensional motion adjustment mechanism supports the coordinated control of circumferential positioning and axial propulsion, meeting the processing requirements of different apertures, depths, and shapes. The detachable connection structure facilitates the rapid replacement of the laser source and the maintenance of key components, improving the adaptability of the device under complex well conditions. The closed-loop control mechanism of vibration monitoring and dynamic balance effectively reduces the positioning deviation caused by environmental interference, ensuring the processing accuracy of non-contact deep penetration perforation.

[0058] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise", or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusively, so that a process, method, article, or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device.

[0059] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A downhole oil casing laser perforation device, characterized in that, Including: A data acquisition module, which acquires perforation parameter status data, perforation environment status data, beam quality influence data, and current perforation status data; A perforation basic analysis module, which generates a perforation parameter status index and a perforation status environment index based on the perforation parameter status data and the perforation environment status data, and obtains a perforation basic coefficient based on the perforation parameter status index and the perforation environment status index; A perforation depth - linear velocity analysis module, which generates a beam quality influence factor based on the beam quality influence data, and obtains a perforation coordination coefficient of the current perforation depth and the beam linear velocity in the current beam quality influence factor condition; A laser intensity adjustment module, which constructs a laser intensity adjustment model based on the coordination of the current perforation depth and the beam linear velocity, the perforation basic coefficient, and the current laser intensity to generate a laser intensity adjustment value; The perforation parameter status data includes the perforation target aperture, the perforation target depth, and the material influence factor. The perforation environment status data includes the temperature and the pressure. The beam quality influence data includes the laser generator temperature fluctuation value, the water vapor content, and the vibration information. The laser generator temperature fluctuation value refers to the difference between the current laser temperature and the average laser temperature within a collection period.

2. The downhole oil casing laser perforation device according to claim 1, wherein The method for generating the laser intensity adjustment value is as follows: Construct a laser intensity adjustment model based on the current perforation coordination coefficient, the perforation basic coefficient, and the current laser intensity; Import the current perforation coordination coefficient, the perforation basic coefficient, and the current laser intensity into the laser intensity adjustment model to output the laser intensity adjustment value; Compare the obtained laser intensity adjustment value with the laser intensity threshold. If the laser intensity adjustment value is within the laser intensity threshold, adjust the current laser intensity to the laser intensity adjustment value. If the laser intensity adjustment value is not within the laser intensity threshold, adjust the current laser intensity to the boundary value of the closest laser intensity threshold; The laser intensity adjustment model is expressed as: Among them, represents the laser intensity adjustment value, represents the current laser intensity, represents the adjustment ratio coefficient, represents the perforation basic coefficient, represents the perforation synergy coefficient, represents the beam quality influence factor.

3. The downhole oil casing laser perforation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the perforation basic coefficient is as follows: Import the perforation parameter status index obtained based on the perforation parameter status data and the perforation environment index obtained based on the perforation environment data into the constructed perforation basic model to output the perforation basic coefficient. The perforation basic model is expressed as: Among them, represents the perforation basic coefficient, represents the perforation environment index, represents the perforation parameter status index.

4. The downhole oil casing laser perforation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the perforation parameter status index is as follows: Perform a ratio process on the target depth in the perforation parameter status data and the perforation limit depth to generate a depth utilization rate, and perform a ratio process on the target aperture and the minimum perforation aperture to generate an aperture processing difficulty factor; Perform a weighted average process on the square of the depth utilization rate, the logarithm of the aperture processing difficulty factor, and the material influence factor to obtain the perforation parameter status index.

5. The downhole oil casing laser perforation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Perform a ratio process on the temperature and the pressure in the perforation environment status data with their reference temperature and reference pressure respectively to obtain a temperature difficulty factor and a pressure difficulty factor, and perform a product process on the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor to obtain the perforation environment index.

6. The downhole oil casing laser perforation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method for generating the beam quality influence factor based on the beam quality influence data is: The laser body temperature fluctuation, vibration amplitude and water vapor content in the beam quality influence data are respectively processed by ratio processing with the maximum allowable values ​​of the three, and the laser body temperature fluctuation value, vibration amplitude value and water vapor content value are obtained; The temperature fluctuation value, the vibration amplitude value and the water vapor content value are introduced into the constructed beam quality influence model to obtain the beam quality influence factor. The beam quality influence model is expressed as: Among them, represents the beam quality influence factor, represents the temperature fluctuation value, represents the vibration amplitude value, represents the water vapor content value.

7. The downhole oil casing laser perforation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method of obtaining the perforation synergy coefficient of the current perforation depth and beam linear velocity in the current perforation state data under the current beam quality influencing factor is: The perforation depth at the current laser intensity is compared with the target perforation depth to obtain a perforation depth proximity value, and the beam linear velocity at the current laser intensity is compared with the maximum allowable linear velocity to obtain a velocity efficiency value; The perforation synergy coefficient is obtained by multiplying the current perforation depth proximity value, the velocity efficiency value and the beam quality influence factor.

8. The downhole oil casing laser perforation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The invention also includes a mounting tube and a limiting device, wherein the limiting device is detachably connected to the mounting tube on which the rotating drum is rotatably mounted, and further includes: A laser perforating mechanism, mounted on the rotating drum, for laser perforating; A driving mechanism, mounted on the mounting tube, is used to drive the rotating drum to drive the laser perforating mechanism to rotate; A pushing mechanism is installed on the mounting tube and is used to push the laser perforating mechanism out of the mounting tube; Among them, the laser perforating mechanism includes a laser generator and a mounting disk, the mounting disk is slidably matched with the rotating drum, and the mounting disk is evenly provided with slide grooves. The laser generator is detachably connected to a bearing platform slidably arranged in a slide groove, and the bearing platform is threadedly connected to a first ball screw rotatably installed on the mounting disk, and the first ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a third motor installed on the mounting disk, and counterweight blocks are slidably arranged in the other slide grooves, and the counterweight blocks are threadedly connected to a second ball screw rotatably installed on the mounting disk, and the second ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a fourth motor embedded in the mounting disk, and a vibration sensor is installed on the mounting disk.

9. The downhole oil casing laser perforation device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a first motor and a first rotating shaft. The output shaft of the first motor embedded in the mounting tube is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft is transmission-connected to the rotating drum via a gear pair.

10. The downhole oil casing laser perforation device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The pushing mechanism includes a second motor, a wedge-shaped slider and a second rotating shaft. The output shaft of the second motor embedded in the mounting tube is fixedly connected to the trapezoidal lead screw. The trapezoidal lead screw is rotatably mounted on the mounting tube through a bearing. The trapezoidal lead screw is threadedly connected to a screw barrel fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped slider. The wedge-shaped slider is slidingly matched with the mounting tube. One end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. The other end of the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a push sleeve. The push sleeve is fixedly connected to a push column that slidably matches with a push groove opened on the wedge slider.

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