Hard rock tunnel excavation equipment and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hard rock tunnel excavation device and method, specifically relating to the field of tunnel construction technology. The device includes a tunnel boring machine body, a cutting assembly and a drilling assembly provided at the front end of the tunnel boring machine body, a shovel plate provided at the bottom of the front end of the tunnel boring machine body, and a protective blocking assembly provided at the front end of the shovel plate. The protective blocking assembly includes a protective baffle plate and a thruster, the protective baffle plate being connected to the thruster via a guide seat, the top end of the protective baffle plate being tilted forward, and the protective baffle plate being slidably connected to the guide seat. The present invention can effectively prevent large rocks from falling off during uphill tunnel excavation, thereby preventing the blockage of the conveyor and impact damage to the shovel plate, thereby effectively reducing the impact on the discharge efficiency of the crushed stone material. No other equipment is required during operation, and the fixing accuracy of the tunnel boring machine body is avoided from being affected by adjustments made during the tunneling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and more particularly to a hard rock tunnel excavation device and method. Background Art

[0002] Tunneling is the excavation of hard rock in underground mines or tunneling projects. This work often requires specialized equipment and techniques, as the high compressive strength of hard rock makes it difficult for ordinary excavation tools to effectively operate.

[0003] A cantilever roadheader is a type of mechanical equipment widely used in mines, tunnels, and underground projects. It is specifically designed for tunnel excavation operations under various geological conditions. Known for its flexibility, efficiency, and adaptability, it is widely used in tunnel excavation. A cantilever roadheader mainly consists of a cutting head, a cantilever device, a loading and transport system, and a traveling mechanism. The cutting head is the core of the cantilever roadheader and is responsible for directly crushing and excavating rock or coal seams. The cutting head is equipped with multiple carbide teeth, which cut into the rock through a rotational motion and break it into small pieces. The cantilever device is used to control the cutting head's movement within a certain range, allowing for flexible adjustment of the cutting position to suit different excavation needs. The traveling mechanism usually adopts a crawler design to ensure that the machine can move stably in complex geological environments and provide the necessary traction.

[0004] Among them, the loading and transportation of the tunnel boring machine mainly includes shovels, scrapers and conveyors, which are used to collect the materials crushed by the cutting head and transport them to the transport vehicle behind the machine. Due to the space limitations of the tunnel and the equipment itself, the size of the conveyor is limited, so it is necessary to remember that the scrapers on the shovels push the crushed stone materials together and then output them by the conveyor.

[0005] In some hard rock formations, cutting structures are combined with drilling or cutting equipment to improve tunneling efficiency. For example, a Chinese invention patent with publication number CN118793454B discloses a drilling and expansion tunneling machine and a method for drilling and breaking rock. This method combines drilling, expansion, and cutting, and includes a tunneling machine body; a front and rear telescopic device mounted on the tunneling machine body; an angle adjustment device mounted on the front and rear telescopic devices; a drilling and expansion device mounted on the angle adjustment device; a positioning device for locating the tunneling machine body in the tunnel; and a control device connected to the positioning device and capable of controlling the movement of the front and rear telescopic devices and the angle adjustment device based on signals from the positioning device. When the front and rear telescopic devices are fully extended, the distance between the front end of the drilling and expansion device and the working surface is less than the distance between the front end of the cutting portion of the tunneling machine body and the working surface. This tunneling machine automatically drills holes and expands the rock using the drilling and expansion device before performing cutting operations, helping to improve tunneling efficiency.

[0006] In these combined excavation schemes, the main method is to cut gaps in the rock layer at the end face of the tunnel in advance, or use drilling equipment to drill multiple holes in the rock layer, so as to create more free surfaces in the rock layer, speed up the cracking and falling speed of the rock layer during the operation of the cutting head, reduce the working pressure of the cutting teeth, and reduce wear.

[0007] In some special hard rock formations, the rock strength is relatively high (such as granite, quartzite, etc.). Under the premise of pre-cutting or drilling, the operation of the cutting head is likely to cause large pieces of rock to have internal cracks and fall. At this time, it is only necessary to adjust the cutting head downward to perform secondary crushing on the large pieces of rock on the ground so that they can be output by the shovel and conveyor.

[0008] However, in the construction of some tunnels, due to the terrain and other design requirements, there will be some uphill sections of the tunnel. That is to say, in this construction area, the tunnel boring machine is in an inclined state with the front end tilted up. At this time, the cut gravel materials are more likely to be concentrated and output on the shovel board. However, when the above-mentioned situation of large rocks falling is encountered during the construction process, since the construction section is in an inclined state, the large rocks are easy to roll directly onto the shovel board, which will cause blockage of the shovel board and the conveyor, affecting the subsequent material output. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention provides a hard rock tunnel excavation equipment and method to solve the problem that if large rocks fall during the construction of the existing uphill tunnel section, since the construction section is in an inclined state, the large rocks are likely to roll directly onto the shovel plate, causing blockage of the shovel plate and the conveyor, affecting the subsequent material output.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a hard rock tunnel excavation device, comprising a tunneling machine body, a cutting assembly and a drilling assembly being provided at the front end of the tunneling machine body, and a shovel plate being provided at the bottom of the front end of the tunneling machine body;

[0011] A conveyor is provided inside the tunnel boring machine body, and a protective blocking assembly is provided at the front end of the shovel. The protective blocking assembly is provided in at least two groups, and the area between the two groups of protective blocking assemblies corresponds to the conveyor setting;

[0012] The protective blocking assembly includes a protective baffle and a pusher. The pusher is installed inside the shovel plate, and the protective baffle is installed at the front end of the pusher. The top end of the protective baffle protrudes from the front end of the shovel plate.

[0013] The protective baffle is connected to the pusher through a guide seat, the top end of the protective baffle is tilted forward, and the protective baffle is slidably connected to the guide seat.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the cutting assembly includes a cutting head and a first manipulator arm, the first manipulator arm is mounted on the tunnel boring machine body, the cutting head is mounted on the output end of the first manipulator arm, and the output end of the first manipulator arm is provided with a rotating drive device for driving the cutting head to rotate to perform cutting operations on the rock formations in the tunnel, the cutting head is equipped with a plurality of carbide teeth, the drilling assembly includes a drilling rig and a second manipulator arm, the second manipulator arm is mounted on the tunnel boring machine body, and the drilling rig is mounted on the output end of the second manipulator arm.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a guide member is fixedly connected to the guide seat, and a guide support member is fixedly connected to the protective baffle. The guide member is a slider structure arranged on both sides of the guide seat, and a slide groove structure corresponding to the slider is provided on the guide support member. The slider is slidably installed in the slide groove. An elastic structure is provided between the guide member and the guide support member, and the elastic structure is used to provide an inclined upward elastic force to the protective baffle.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of resistance-increasing pins are provided at the bottom of the protective baffle. The resistance-increasing pins are conical carbide structures and are detachably inserted into the bottom of the protective baffle through a threaded structure.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the guide seat is rotatably connected to the output end of the thruster, the rotation axis of the guide seat is perpendicular to the ground plane where the tunnel boring machine body is located, and a torsional elastic member is provided between the guide seat and the output end of the thruster.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the front side of the protective baffle is fixedly connected to a support plate, and multiple groups of auxiliary support rods are slidably installed on the support plate. The auxiliary support rods are arranged parallel to the protective baffle, and a reset elastic member is arranged between the auxiliary support rods and the support plate. The reset elastic member is used to provide an upward elastic force to the auxiliary support rods. The top end of each group of auxiliary support rods is gradually increased in the direction close to the protective baffle, and the bottom end of the auxiliary support rod is set close to the ground.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, side baffles are fixedly connected to both sides of the protective baffle, and the side baffles are rubber plate structures. A high-pressure nozzle is fixedly installed inside the protective baffle, and the high-pressure nozzle is connected to the high-pressure pump structure. The nozzle of the high-pressure nozzle is set corresponding to the empty space on the front side of the protective baffle.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, an expansion guide groove is provided in the support plate, and the auxiliary support rod is slidably installed in the expansion guide groove. The diameter of the expansion guide groove is larger than the diameter of the auxiliary support rod. The auxiliary support rod corresponds to the high-pressure nozzle area and is fixedly connected to multiple sets of paddle boards on the outside, and the lengths of the paddle boards are different. The high-pressure nozzle sprays water corresponding to the paddle board setting.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, a rotating scraper is provided on the shovel plate, the shovel plate is arranged corresponding to the front end of the conveyor, a walking crawler is provided at the bottom of the tunnel boring machine body, and a lifting support leg is provided at the bottom of the rear end of the tunnel boring machine body.

[0022] A hard rock tunnel excavation method comprises the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: Drive the tunnel boring machine to the designated position, lower the shovel and lifting legs, and secure the tunnel boring machine.

[0024] Step 2: Operate the second operating arm to drive the drill to a designated location on the tunnel rock wall to perform drilling operations;

[0025] Step 3: operating the first operating arm to drive the cutting head to perform cutting operations on the rock wall to break the rock and soil layer;

[0026] Step 4: Drive the scraper to rotate, collect the crushed stone materials to the conveyor, and use the conveyor to transport the crushed stone materials backward;

[0027] Step 5: Use the protective baffle to block the large rocks, and drive the jacking device to lift the protective baffle to push the large rocks forward;

[0028] Step 6: Drive the cutting head to move to the large rock to perform secondary crushing on the large rock.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the present invention can effectively prevent large rocks from falling off during uphill tunnel excavation, thereby preventing the conveyor from being blocked, and thus effectively reducing the impact on the discharge efficiency of crushed stone materials. No other equipment needs to be used during operation, and the tunnel boring machine body does not need to retreat, avoiding the adjustment of the tunnel boring machine body during excavation and affecting the fixing accuracy of the tunnel boring machine body. At the same time, it also improves the efficiency of handling unexpected situations and the practicality of the equipment. Large rocks are supported by the inclined protective baffle, which transmits the impact force to the ground at an angle, reducing impact damage to the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tunneling equipment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling equipment of the present invention from another perspective.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling equipment of the present invention during construction on a slope.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the state after the protective baffle of the present invention pushes the large rock forward and then cooperates with the cutting head to perform secondary crushing.

[0034] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure after the connection mode between the protective baffle and the ejector is improved in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the state of a large rock being pushed forward after the connection method of the protective baffle is improved according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a top view of the protective baffle of the present invention after pushing the rock forward.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a state diagram of the two sets of protective baffles of the present invention being positioned on both sides of a large rock after being pushed forward and turned to provide auxiliary support for the rock to cooperate with the cutting head for secondary crushing.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of one of the solutions for increasing the buffering effect below the protective baffle in the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another solution for increasing the buffering effect below the protective baffle according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the combination of two solutions for increasing the buffering effect below the protective baffle of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation effect between the paddle plate on the auxiliary support pole of the present invention and the high-pressure nozzle at the corresponding position.

[0042] Figure 13 Flow chart of the excavation method of the present invention.

[0043] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1. Tunnel boring machine body; 11. Shovel; 12. Conveyor; 13. Scraper; 14. Walking crawler; 15. Lifting leg; 2. Cutting assembly; 21. Cutting head; 22. First operating arm; 3. Drilling assembly; 31. Drilling rig; 32. Second operating arm; 4. Protective blocking assembly; 41. Protective baffle; 411. Guide support; 412. Resistance increasing nail; 42. Thruster; 43. Guide seat; 431. Guide; 44. Support plate; 441. Diameter expansion guide groove; 45. Auxiliary support rod; 451. Reset elastic member; 452. Paddle; 46. Side baffle; 47. High-pressure nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technicians in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0045] Refer to the instruction manual Figures 1 to 12 A hard rock tunnel excavation equipment includes a tunneling machine body 1. The front end of the tunneling machine body 1 (the end in the excavation direction of the equipment is the front end) is provided with a cutting assembly 2 and a drilling assembly 3. The cutting assembly 2 includes a cutting head 21 and a first operating arm 22. The first operating arm 22 is installed on the tunneling machine body 1. The cutting head 21 is installed on the output end of the first operating arm 22, and the output end of the first operating arm 22 is provided with a rotating drive device for driving the cutting head 21 to rotate to cut the rock formation in the tunnel. The cutting head 21 is equipped with a plurality of carbide teeth, which cut into the rock through a rotation action and crush it into small pieces. The drilling assembly 3 includes a drilling rig 31 and a second operating arm 32. The second operating arm 32 is installed on the tunneling machine body 1, and the drilling rig 31 is installed on the output end of the second operating arm 32.

[0046] Among them, a shovel plate 11 is provided at the bottom of the front end of the tunnel boring machine body 1, and a conveyor 12 is provided inside the tunnel boring machine body 1. The conveyor 12 extends backward to the rear end of the tunnel boring machine body 1 to facilitate docking with a transport vehicle and other conveying equipment. A rotating scraper 13 is provided on the shovel plate 11, and the shovel plate 11 is arranged corresponding to the front end of the conveyor 12. The scraper 13 concentrates the crushed stone materials accumulated on the shovel plate 11 to the conveyor 12 through rotation, and is transported backward by the conveyor 12. A walking crawler 14 is provided at the bottom of the tunnel boring machine body 1. The walking crawler 14 is used to support the entire equipment for walking. A lifting leg 15 is provided at the bottom of the rear end of the tunnel boring machine body 1. When the equipment needs to perform cutting operations, the lifting leg 15 contacts the ground in the tunnel to form a support, thereby supporting the equipment as a whole to prevent the equipment from slipping.

[0047] It should be noted that the shovel plate 11 and the lifting legs 15 are both raised and lowered by the hydraulic system. For example, the shovel plate 11 and the lifting legs 15 are both rotatably mounted on the tunnel boring machine body 1, and corresponding hydraulic cylinders are arranged between the tunnel boring machine body 1. By driving the hydraulic cylinders to extend, the shovel plate 11 and the lifting legs 15 are driven to swing up and down to achieve up and down drive; and the tunnel boring machine body 1 and its corresponding structures and equipment are the basic structures in the existing tunnel boring equipment, including the driving control of the drilling rig 31 and the cutting head 21, and the operation of the first operating arm 22 and the second operating arm 32. They are also engineering machinery commonly used in the field of tunnel boring. Therefore, the relevant detailed schemes and structures will not be explained in detail in this embodiment.

[0048] In actual use, after driving the tunnel boring machine body 1 to move to the specified position, the shovel plate 11 and the lifting legs 15 are lowered, and the lifting legs 15 are used to form a support at the rear of the tunnel boring machine body 1 to prevent the equipment from slipping during operation. Then the cutting head 21 is driven to move by the first operating arm 22, so that the cutting head 21 continuously performs cutting operations to crush the corresponding rock and soil layers in the tunnel to achieve tunneling operations. The crushed gravel materials fall and are concentrated on the shovel plate 11, and then the scraper 13 concentrates the gravel materials on the conveyor 12, and the conveyor 12 is used to transport the gravel materials backward; when encountering a rock layer with higher hardness during tunneling, before cutting, the drill rig 31 can also be controlled to drill holes at the corresponding position on the rock layer to increase the free surface of the rock layer, facilitate the breaking of the rock layer during cutting, and make the rock layer easier to break and fall, so as to improve tunneling efficiency and reduce wear of the cutting head.

[0049] In order to prevent large rocks from falling and rolling onto the shovel 11 and blocking the conveyor 12 during construction on the uphill section, this embodiment provides the following technical solutions. Figure 3 and Figure 4 A protective barrier assembly 4 is provided at the front end of the shovel plate 11. The protective barrier assembly 4 is provided in at least two groups, and the area between the two groups of protective barrier assemblies 4 corresponds to the conveyor 12. The protective barrier assembly 4 includes a protective baffle 41 and a pusher 42. The pusher 42 is embedded in the shovel plate 11, and the protective baffle 41 is installed at the front end of the pusher 42. The top end of the protective baffle 41 protrudes from the front end of the shovel plate 11.

[0050] When large rocks fall, and because it is an uphill tunnel, the rolling of the large rocks will be blocked by the protective baffle 41, thereby preventing the large rocks from rolling directly onto the shovel plate 11 to block the conveyor 12 and cause impact damage to the conveyor 12. At the same time, when large rocks are blocked by the protective baffle 41, the excavation operation of the tunnel by the cutting head 21 can be suspended. At this time, the protective baffle 41 is pushed by the pusher 42 (the pusher 42 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder structure to ensure that it can provide sufficient pushing force) to push the large rocks forward, and then the cutting head 21 is controlled by the first operating arm 22 to move down close to the large rocks pushed forward, and the large rocks are crushed for the second time with the help of the cutting head 21, so as to continue to The crushed stone materials are collected and transported, thereby ensuring smooth discharge of the crushed stone materials (in order to prevent the crushed stone materials that fall during cutting from directly hitting the shovel plate 11 and to ensure that the cutting head 21 has sufficient working space, in the structural design of the existing tunnel boring machine, the cutting head 21 is arranged to extend forward relative to the shovel plate 11, and thus the cutting head 21 is difficult to directly reach the front edge position of the shovel plate 11, so it is necessary to use the pusher 42 to drive the large rocks forward to ensure smooth secondary crushing). Among them, since the bottom of the protective baffle 41 is pressed into the ground when impacted by large rocks, the shovel plate 11 can be slightly lifted when pushing large rocks, so that the protective baffle 41 is also raised to facilitate the smooth advancement of large rocks.

[0051] By adopting the above technical solution, it is possible to effectively avoid large rocks falling off during uphill tunnel excavation, thereby preventing the conveyor 12 from being blocked and the shovel plate 11 from being damaged by impact, thereby effectively reducing the impact on the discharge efficiency of crushed stone materials. In addition, no other equipment is required during operation, and the tunnel boring machine body 1 does not need to retreat for secondary crushing (the tunnel boring machine body 1 needs to be relatively stable during excavation. Therefore, after the tunnel boring machine body 1 is fixed under the lifting legs 15, in order to avoid construction errors and unstable equipment operation, the tunnel boring machine body 1 should be avoided as much as possible. After retreating, the tunnel boring machine body 1 needs to be re-positioned and fixed, which affects the excavation efficiency. In some large slope scenarios, even if the tunnel boring machine body 1 retreats, large rocks will slide backward, making it inconvenient for the cutter head 21 to perform secondary crushing on the large rocks). This avoids affecting the fixing accuracy of the tunnel boring machine body 1 due to adjustments during the excavation process, and also improves the efficiency of handling unexpected situations and the practicality of the equipment.

[0052] It should be noted that the above-mentioned protective blocking components 4 can also be set in multiple groups, depending on the actual needs such as the actual size of the shovel board 11, but at least two groups of protective blocking components 4 must be included to provide centralized protection for the conveyor 12, and these two groups of protective blocking components 4 can be used to push forward the large rocks rolling down from the middle area. When multiple groups of protective blocking components 4 are set, other areas except the corresponding areas of the conveyor 12 can also be protected, and large rocks in other areas can be pushed forward to facilitate secondary crushing by the cutting head 21, and the protective baffle 41 and the pusher 42 can be detachably connected to facilitate their removal during downhill tunnel construction, thereby improving the collection efficiency of the crushed stone materials by the shovel board 11.

[0053] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the connection between the output end of the protective baffle 41 and the pusher 42 can be relatively fixed. However, under this scheme, when the protective baffle 41 is impacted by a large rock, the impact force will be transmitted to the pusher 42 and the shovel plate 11, causing certain damage to the pusher 42 and the shovel plate 11. When the impact is too large, it may also cause the entire body 1 of the tunnel boring machine to slide backward, affecting the operating accuracy of the equipment. For this reason, based on the ordinary fixed connection scheme, this embodiment also improves the connection method between the protective baffle 41 and the pusher 42 as follows. For details, refer to the attached manual. Figures 5 to 8 The protective baffle 41 is connected to the pusher 42 through the guide seat 43, and the protective baffle 41 is tilted. The tilted setting means that the top of the protective baffle 41 is tilted forward, and the protective baffle 41 is slidingly connected to the guide seat 43. The sliding direction between the protective baffle 41 and the guide seat 43 is tilted with the forward direction of the tunneling machine body 1. The tilted setting means that the upper part of the sliding direction of the protective baffle 41 and the guide seat 43 is tilted forward, thereby forming an inclined structure of the protective baffle 41, wherein a plurality of groups of resistance-increasing nails 412 are provided at the bottom of the protective baffle 41, and the resistance-increasing nails 412 are conical carbide structures, and the resistance-increasing nails 412 can be detachably inserted into the bottom of the protective baffle 41 through a threaded structure.

[0054] When a large rock rolls down, the large rock first contacts the top of the protective baffle 41. Since the protective baffle 41 and the guide seat 43 can slide relative to each other, under the above-mentioned inclined sliding support, the protective baffle 41 is tilted and pressed down, and the resistance-increasing nails 412 at the bottom of the protective baffle 41 are inserted into the ground to increase the resistance, so that the protective baffle 41 can effectively support and cushion the large rock. Moreover, through the above-mentioned structural design, when the large rock is impacted, it is mainly the inclined protective baffle 41 and the ground that support the large rock, and the protective baffle 41 transmits the impact force obliquely to the ground. Since the protective baffle 41 and the guide seat 43 can slide relative to each other, the impact force directly transmitted to the pusher 42 and the shovel plate 11 is greatly reduced, which can effectively protect the pusher 42 and the shovel plate 11 and fully reduce the impact damage of large rocks.

[0055] Among them, the sliding connection between the protective baffle 41 and the guide seat 43 can adopt any commonly used sliding guide method. For example, a guide member 431 is fixedly connected to the guide seat 43, and a guide support member 411 is fixedly connected to the protective baffle 41. The guide member 431 is slidably installed in the guide support member 411, and the guide member 431 can be a slider structure arranged on both sides of the guide seat 43, and a slide groove structure corresponding to the slider is provided on the guide support member 411. The slider is slidably installed in the slide groove to achieve sliding support for the protective baffle 41. In addition, in order to ensure that a certain buffer space is formed between the bottom of the protective baffle 41 and the ground at the beginning, an elastic structure, such as a spring, can also be provided between the guide member 431 and the guide support 411. The spring is installed in the slider and the slide groove, and the protective baffle 41 is provided with an inclined upward elastic force by means of the spring, so that when the protective blocking component 4 contacts large falling rocks, it can have a certain downward buffer space.

[0056] Furthermore, after the protective baffle 41 is driven forward by the pusher 42 to push the large rock forward, the large rock is crushed for the second time with the help of the cutting head 21. At this time, the cutting head 21 rotates on the top of the large rock, which will generate a certain torque on the large rock. If the large rock is relatively round, it is easy to be pushed sideways by the cutting head 21, affecting the crushing effect of the large rock. For this reason, in this embodiment, the guide seat 43 is rotatably connected to the output end of the pusher 42, and the rotation axis of the guide seat 43 is perpendicular to the ground plane where the tunnel boring machine body 1 is located, that is, the guide seat 43 can swing left and right relative to the pusher 42, and then after the large rock is pushed forward, refer to the attached manual. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The orientation of the guide seat 43 and the protective baffle 41 can be adjusted so that the protective baffle 41 is located on both sides of the large rock as much as possible and faces the large rock, so that the protective baffle 41 can also form auxiliary support on both sides of the large rock, thereby preventing the cutting head 21 from pushing out the large rock during the secondary crushing.

[0057] For the rotation between the guide seat 43 and the output end of the pusher 42, an ordinary hinge structure can be used, combined with corresponding elastic structures such as torsion springs. If necessary, corresponding rotation driving equipment can also be added to automatically control the direction of the protective baffle 41 to improve the control effect.

[0058] In the above embodiment, the protective baffle 41 is tilted, and there is a certain amount of free space in front of the protective baffle 41. If the large pieces of falling rocks are of different sizes or have relatively sharp front ends, the front ends of the large pieces of falling rocks will first contact the inner side of the protective baffle 41 rather than the top of the protective baffle 41. At this time, the impact of the large pieces of falling rocks will cause the protective baffle 41 to move laterally, affecting the protective effect. Therefore, this embodiment also provides the following solution to increase the buffering effect below the protective baffle, refer to the attached manual Figure 9 The front side of the protective baffle 41 is fixedly connected to a support plate 44, and multiple groups of auxiliary support rods 45 are slidably installed on the support plate 44. A reset elastic member 451 (such as a spring) is provided between the auxiliary support rod 45 and the support plate 44. The reset elastic member 451 is used to provide an upward elastic force to the auxiliary support rod 45. The top end of each group of auxiliary support rods 45 is gradually increased in the direction close to the protective baffle 41, and the bottom end of the auxiliary support rod 45 is set close to the ground. Then, when some special large rocks (the front end is not higher than the top of the protective baffle 41) approach the protective baffle 41, its front end will preferentially contact the auxiliary support rod 45 of the corresponding height, and tilt the auxiliary support rod 45 downward, so that the bottom end of the auxiliary support rod 45 contacts the ground to form a support, pre-buffer the large rocks, and reduce the impact on the protective baffle 41 and the pusher 42.

[0059] In addition, this embodiment also provides another solution to increase the buffering effect below the protective baffle. For details, refer to the attached manual. Figure 10 , both sides of the protective baffle 41 are fixedly connected with side baffles 46, and the side baffles 46 are preferably of rubber plate structure. A high-pressure nozzle 47 is fixedly installed inside the protective baffle 41, and the high-pressure nozzle 47 is connected to the high-pressure pump structure. The nozzle of the high-pressure nozzle 47 is set corresponding to the empty space on the front side of the protective baffle 41. During actual operation, as the crushed stone materials are continuously discharged, a certain shielding effect is formed on the front side of the protective baffle 41. Therefore, some small crushed stones, soil residues and other materials can be accumulated in front of the protective baffle 41 to form a small mound, which is not conducive to the effective use of the protective baffle 41. The large rocks that roll down can be fully buffered. By setting up the high-pressure nozzle 47, when it is necessary to push the large rocks, the high-pressure pump can be turned on to make the high-pressure nozzle 47 spray high-pressure water to flush out the materials in front of the protective baffle 41 to avoid affecting the advancement of the protective baffle 41. At the same time, after the materials are flushed, the high-pressure nozzle 47 can spray high-pressure water columns forward to flush the bottom of the large rocks. If necessary, the height of the protective baffle 41 can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the shovel plate 11 to flush other areas.

[0060] The above two solutions can also be used at the same time to further improve the buffering effect on large rocks. Figure 11When the above two schemes are used in combination, a set of high-pressure nozzles 47 can be set separately to correspond to the auxiliary support rods 45, and the support plate 44 is provided with a diameter expansion guide groove 441, and the auxiliary support rod 45 is slidably installed in the diameter expansion guide groove 441. The diameter of the diameter expansion guide groove 441 is larger than the diameter of the auxiliary support rod 45. The area of the auxiliary support rod 45 corresponding to the high-pressure nozzle 47 is fixedly connected to multiple groups of paddle plates 452, and the lengths of the paddle plates 452 are different. The direction of the water flow sprayed by the high-pressure nozzle 47 deviates from the center area of the auxiliary support rod 45, so that the high-pressure nozzle 47 can carry water when spraying water. The auxiliary struts 45 rotate, and since the paddles 452 are of different lengths, referring to the conveyor 12 in the accompanying drawings of the specification, each paddle 452 is subjected to different forces when subjected to the water flow from the high-pressure nozzle 47, and the diameter of the expanded guide groove 441 is relatively large, so the auxiliary struts 45 will also shake while rotating, thereby accelerating the loosening of materials originally compressed by large rocks in the upper and lower areas, making them easier to discharge (since there are multiple groups of auxiliary struts 45 and the rocks are irregular in size and shape, not all of the auxiliary struts 45 will contact the rocks and the ground, so some of the auxiliary struts 45 can still rotate).

[0061] It should be noted that the pusher 42 used in this embodiment can be simply fixedly installed in the shovel plate 11, so as to achieve the pushing of the protective baffle 41. If conditions permit, a corresponding control component for controlling the angle of the pusher 42 can be added to facilitate more comprehensive adjustment of the position and direction of the protective baffle 41 and improve work efficiency.

[0062] Refer to the instruction manual Figure 13 The present invention also provides a hard rock tunnel excavation method, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Drive the tunnel boring machine body 1 to the designated position, lower the shovel plate 11 and the lifting legs 15, and fix the tunnel boring machine body 1;

[0064] Step 2: Operate the second operating arm 32 to drive the drill rig 31 to a designated location on the tunnel rock wall to perform drilling operations;

[0065] Step 3: Operate the first operating arm 22 to drive the cutting head 21 to perform cutting operations on the rock wall, crushing the rock layer and collecting the crushed gravel materials on the shovel plate 11;

[0066] Step 4: Drive the scraper 13 to rotate, collect the crushed stone materials to the conveyor 12, and use the conveyor 12 to transport the crushed stone materials backward;

[0067] Step 5: When a large rock rolls down, the protective baffle 41 is used to block the large rock, and the pusher 42 is driven to lift the protective baffle 41 to push the large rock forward;

[0068] Step 6: Drive the cutting head 21 to move to the large rock to perform secondary crushing on the large rock.

[0069] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hard rock tunnel excavation equipment, characterized by: It comprises a tunnel boring machine body (1), a cutting assembly (2) and a drilling assembly (3) being provided at the front end of the tunnel boring machine body (1), and a shovel plate (11) being provided at the bottom of the front end of the tunnel boring machine body (1); A conveyor (12) is provided inside the tunnel boring machine body (1), and a protective blocking assembly (4) is provided at the front end of the shovel plate (11). The protective blocking assembly (4) is provided in at least two groups, and the area between the two groups of protective blocking assemblies (4) corresponds to the conveyor (12). The protective blocking assembly (4) includes a protective baffle (41) and a pusher (42), wherein the pusher (42) is installed inside the shovel plate (11), the protective baffle (41) is installed at the front end of the pusher (42), and the top end of the protective baffle (41) protrudes from the front end of the shovel plate (11); The protective baffle (41) is connected to the pusher (42) via a guide seat (43), the top end of the protective baffle (41) is tilted forward, and the protective baffle (41) is slidably connected to the guide seat (43); The guide seat (43) is fixedly connected to a guide member (431), and the protective baffle (41) is fixedly connected to a guide support member (411). The guide member (431) is a slider structure arranged on both sides of the guide seat (43), and the guide support member (411) is provided with a slide groove structure corresponding to the slider, and the slider is slidably installed in the slide groove. An elastic structure is provided between the guide member (431) and the guide support member (411), and the elastic structure is used to provide an inclined upward elastic force to the protective baffle (41).

2. The hard rock tunneling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting assembly (2) comprises a cutting head (21) and a first operating arm (22), wherein the first operating arm (22) is mounted on the tunneling machine body (1), the cutting head (21) is mounted on the output end of the first operating arm (22), and the output end of the first operating arm (22) is provided with a rotation drive device for driving the cutting head (21) to rotate so as to cut the rock formation in the tunnel, and the cutting head (21) is equipped with a plurality of carbide teeth. The drilling assembly (3) comprises a drilling rig (31) and a second operating arm (32), wherein the second operating arm (32) is mounted on the tunneling machine body (1), and the drilling rig (31) is mounted on the output end of the second operating arm (32).

3. The hard rock tunneling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the protective baffle (41) is provided with a plurality of groups of resistance-increasing pins (412), the resistance-increasing pins (412) being of a conical hard alloy structure, and the resistance-increasing pins (412) are detachably inserted into the bottom of the protective baffle (41) via a threaded structure.

4. The hard rock tunneling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide seat (43) is rotatably connected to the output end of the thruster (42), the rotation axis of the guide seat (43) is arranged perpendicular to the ground plane where the tunnel boring machine body (1) is located, and a torsional elastic member is arranged between the guide seat (43) and the output end of the thruster (42).

5. The hard rock tunneling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The front side of the protective baffle (41) is fixedly connected to a support plate (44), and a plurality of groups of auxiliary support rods (45) are slidably mounted on the support plate (44). The auxiliary support rods (45) are arranged in parallel with the protective baffle (41), and a reset elastic member (451) is arranged between the auxiliary support rods (45) and the support plate (44). The reset elastic member (451) is used to provide an upward elastic force to the auxiliary support rods (45), and the top end of each group of the auxiliary support rods (45) is gradually increased in the direction close to the protective baffle (41), and the bottom end of the auxiliary support rod (45) is arranged close to the ground.

6. The hard rock tunneling equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: Side baffles (46) are fixedly connected to both sides of the protective baffle (41), and the side baffles (46) are rubber plate structures. A high-pressure nozzle (47) is fixedly installed inside the protective baffle (41), and the high-pressure nozzle (47) is connected to a high-pressure pump structure. The nozzle of the high-pressure nozzle (47) is arranged corresponding to the empty space on the front side of the protective baffle (41).

7. The hard rock tunneling equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support plate (44) is provided with an expansion guide groove (441), and the auxiliary support rod (45) is slidably installed in the expansion guide groove (441). The diameter of the expansion guide groove (441) is larger than the diameter of the auxiliary support rod (45). The auxiliary support rod (45) is fixedly connected to the outside of the area corresponding to the high-pressure nozzle (47) with multiple groups of paddle boards (452), and the lengths of the paddle boards (452) are different. The high-pressure nozzle (47) sprays water flow corresponding to the paddle boards (452).

8. The hard rock tunneling equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: A rotating scraper (13) is provided on the shovel plate (11), and the shovel plate (11) is provided corresponding to the front end of the conveyor (12). A walking crawler (14) is provided at the bottom of the tunneling machine body (1), and a lifting leg (15) is provided at the bottom of the rear end of the tunneling machine body (1).

9. A hard rock tunnel excavation method, characterized in that: The method of using the hard rock tunnel excavation equipment according to claim 8 to perform excavation comprises the following steps: Step 1: driving the tunnel boring machine body (1) to a designated position, lowering the shovel plate (11) and the lifting legs (15) to fix the tunnel boring machine body (1); Step 2: operating the second operating arm (32) to drive the drilling machine (31) to a designated position on the tunnel rock wall to perform a drilling operation; Step 3: operating the first operating arm (22) to drive the cutting head (21) to perform cutting operations on the rock wall to break the rock and soil layer; Step 4: driving the scraper (13) to rotate, collecting the crushed stone materials to the conveyor (12), and transporting the crushed stone materials backward with the help of the conveyor (12); Step 5: Using the protective baffle (41) to block the large rock, and driving the jacking device (42) to lift the protective baffle (41) to push the large rock forward; Step 6: Drive the cutting head (21) to move to the large rock to perform secondary crushing on the large rock.

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