Low-temperature performance test platform of hydrogen turbine expander

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of liquefaction equipment performance testing, and discloses a low-temperature performance testing platform of a hydrogen turbine expander. The low-temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbo expander comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a heater with a supercharging device, a buffer tank, a first group of turbo expanders, a heat exchanger, a low-temperature compressor, a first flow meter, a second group of turbo expanders and a second flow meter which are sequentially connected through pipelines, the plurality of sensors are arranged on the first group of turbo expanders or the second group of turbo expanders; and the heat exchanger is arranged between the first group of turbo-expanders and the second group of turbo-expanders and is respectively connected with the first group of turbo-expanders and the second group of turbo-expanders in series. According to the invention, more accurate and comprehensive performance data of the turbo expander can be obtained, and the low-temperature performance test of the turbo expander is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of performance testing of liquefaction equipment, and particularly to a cryogenic performance testing platform for a hydrogen turbine expander. Background Art

[0002] A turbine expander is a key component necessary for obtaining cold energy in air separation equipment, natural gas (petroleum gas) liquefaction separation equipment, cryogenic crushing equipment, etc., and is the heart to ensure the stable operation of the entire set of equipment; in the process of hydrogen production, hydrogen is compressed and filtered by a compressor and then enters a cold box for precooling and further cooling, and finally liquefied through a turbine expander. Since hydrogen liquefaction needs to be carried out at extremely low temperatures, the physical properties of materials will change greatly in a low-temperature environment. Therefore, it is necessary to test the performance of the materials of the turbine expander at low temperatures.

[0003] However, the performance test of the turbine expander can only be carried out for one or several indicators by controlling variables, and it is difficult to obtain all test data such as low-temperature flow rate, and it is impossible to obtain the influence data of the performance after the interaction of various indicators, which has certain limitations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a cryogenic performance testing platform for a hydrogen turbine expander to solve the problem that the test of the turbine expander is difficult to measure all data simultaneously and has limitations.

[0005] The present invention provides a cryogenic performance testing platform for a hydrogen turbine expander, including: a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a heater with a pressurizing device, a buffer tank, a first group of turbine expanders, a heat exchanger, a cryogenic compressor, a first flowmeter, a second group of turbine expanders, and a second flowmeter connected in sequence through pipelines, and a plurality of sensors arranged on the first group of turbine expanders or the second group of turbine expanders; the heat exchanger is arranged between the first group of turbine expanders and the second group of turbine expanders and is connected in series with the first group of turbine expanders and the second group of turbine expanders respectively;

[0006] The first group of turbine expanders is used to expand and refrigerate the hydrogen output from the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the heater with a pressurizing device, and the buffer tank, and transmit the expanded and refrigerated hydrogen to the heat exchanger;

[0007] The heat exchanger is used to adjust the temperature of the expanded and refrigerated hydrogen and pump the temperature-adjusted hydrogen to the first flowmeter through the cryogenic compressor;

[0008] The first flowmeter is used to measure the flow rate of the temperature-adjusted hydrogen to obtain flow rate data;

[0009] The second group of turbine expanders is used to expand and refrigerate the temperature-adjusted hydrogen output from the first flowmeter;

[0010] Multiple sensors for obtaining operation index data corresponding to the first group of turboexpanders or the second group of turboexpanders;

[0011] A second flowmeter for measuring the gas flow rate of the hydrogen output by the second group of turboexpanders to obtain cryogenic performance data.

[0012] A cryogenic performance test platform for a hydrogen turboexpander provided in this embodiment obtains operation index data corresponding to the first group of turboexpanders or the second group of turboexpanders through multiple sensors, and adds a heat exchanger between the first group of turboexpanders and the second group of turboexpanders to increase the measurement variables, thereby obtaining performance data under the influence of more indexes. It can obtain more accurate and comprehensive turboexpander performance data, realize the cryogenic performance test of the turboexpander, improve the stability of the cryogenic performance test platform of the hydrogen turboexpander, reduce the working condition changes during the test, reduce the test cost, obtain the performance data after the mutual influence of various indexes, increase the autonomy and flexibility of working condition adjustment, comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of the hydrogen turboexpander, and optimize its operation parameters. This not only helps to improve the efficiency and safety of hydrogen liquefaction, but also provides valuable references for the design and maintenance of the turboexpander, promotes the healthy development of the hydrogen energy industry, and in practical applications, combined with actual engineering experience, further improves the accuracy and reliability of the performance test process.

[0013] In an optional implementation manner, it further includes: multiple sensors, and the multiple sensors include: a first temperature sensor and a pressure sensor arranged at the inlet and outlet pipelines of the first group of turboexpanders or the second group of turboexpanders, a flow sensor arranged at the inlet pipeline of the first group of turboexpanders or the second group of turboexpanders, and a rotational speed sensor arranged at the shaft end of the first group of turboexpanders or the second group of turboexpanders;

[0014] The first temperature sensor is used to collect the inlet and outlet hydrogen temperatures at the inlet and outlet pipelines of the first group of turboexpanders or the second group of turboexpanders;

[0015] The pressure sensor is used to collect the inlet and outlet hydrogen pressures at the inlet and outlet pipelines of the first group of turboexpanders or the second group of turboexpanders;

[0016] The flow sensor is used to collect the hydrogen flow rate at the inlet pipeline of the first group of turboexpanders or the second group of turboexpanders;

[0017] The rotational speed sensor is used to collect the rotational speed of the first group of turboexpanders or the second group of turboexpanders.

[0018] A low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided in this embodiment is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a speed sensor on the turbine expander. By arranging various sensors on each turbine expander to detect multiple indicators during the operation of the turbine expander, more accurate and comprehensive performance data of the turbine expander can be obtained.

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, it further includes:

[0020] A second temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the heat exchanger or a key heat exchange part, and is used to collect the outlet temperature or heat exchange temperature of hydrogen.

[0021] A low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided in this embodiment realizes the accurate acquisition of the temperature change of hydrogen during the heat exchange process by arranging a second temperature sensor at the outlet of the heat exchanger or a key heat exchange part, which is of great significance for analyzing the operating conditions of the turbine expander.

[0022] In an alternative embodiment, it further includes:

[0023] A low-temperature helium gas pipe is connected to the heat exchanger and is used to transmit helium gas to the heat exchanger; wherein, the helium gas is used to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen after expansion refrigeration.

[0024] A low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided in this embodiment realizes the accurate adjustment of the liquid hydrogen temperature by controlling the volume of low-temperature helium gas transported to the heat exchanger.

[0025] In an alternative embodiment, it further includes:

[0026] A hydrogen compressor is respectively connected to the output end of the heater with a pressurization device and the input end of the buffer tank, and is used to compress the hydrogen output by the heater with a pressurization device and input the compressed hydrogen into the buffer tank.

[0027] A low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided in this embodiment provides power for the transmission of hydrogen between the heater with a pressurization device and the buffer tank through the compressor.

[0028] In an alternative embodiment, it further includes: a first low-temperature stop valve, and the first low-temperature stop valve is respectively connected to the output end of the first group of turbine expanders and the input end of the second group of turbine expanders.

[0029] A low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided by this embodiment throttles the low-temperature hydrogen output from the output end of the first group of turbine expanders through the first low-temperature cut-off valve, thereby enabling adaptive adjustment of the test indexes of the first group of turbine expanders, reducing the cost of the low-temperature performance test of the hydrogen turbine expander, and improving the test efficiency.

[0030] In an alternative embodiment, it further includes: a second low-temperature cut-off valve, and the second low-temperature cut-off valve is connected to the heat exchanger.

[0031] In an alternative embodiment, it further includes: a throttle valve, and the throttle valve is connected to the second flowmeter and is used to convert the hydrogen output by the second flowmeter into liquid hydrogen.

[0032] In an alternative embodiment, a heat exchanger is connected to the throttle valve and is used to transfer the liquid hydrogen output by the throttle valve to the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0033] In an alternative embodiment, the first low-temperature cut-off valve, the second group of turbine expanders, the second flowmeter, the throttle valve, and the heat exchanger are connected in series, and the connection structure formed by the first low-temperature cut-off valve, the second group of turbine expanders, the second flowmeter, the throttle valve, and the heat exchanger is connected in parallel with the connection structure formed by the second low-temperature cut-off valve, the heat exchanger, the low-temperature compressor, and the first flowmeter.

[0034] A low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided by this embodiment realizes separate tests on the first group of turbine expanders and the two groups of turbine expanders through the series connection of the first low-temperature cut-off valve, the second group of turbine expanders, the second flowmeter, the throttle valve, and the heat exchanger, meets the test requirements, increases the autonomy and flexibility of working condition adjustment, and comprehensively and accurately evaluates the performance of the hydrogen turbine expander. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] The efficiency of a turboexpander is a key performance indicator. Through testing, the isentropic efficiency under different operating conditions can be accurately calculated to compare the gap between the ideal and the actual situation. For example, in an ideal isentropic expansion process, the entropy of the gas remains unchanged, and the enthalpy drop is completely converted into external work. However, there are various losses in the actual process, such as friction loss and leakage loss. By testing and calculation, the actual efficiency can be obtained. Comparing with the theoretical efficiency can evaluate the performance of the expander.

[0040] Renewable energy-based hydrogen production, large-scale hydrogen liquefaction, and applications are in a stage of rapid development. Hydrogen liquefaction needs to be carried out at extremely low temperatures, generally around 20K. In such a low-temperature environment, the physical properties of materials will change greatly. It is necessary to test the properties of the materials of the turboexpander, such as the impeller and the housing, at low temperatures, including strength, toughness, and thermal expansion coefficient. During the hydrogen production process, hydrogen is compressed and filtered by a compressor and then enters a cold box for precooling and further temperature reduction, and finally is liquefied by a turboexpander.

[0041] However, the performance test method of a turboexpander cannot measure all data and process all parameter indicators for a hydrogen turboexpander at the same time. It can only test one or several performance indicators by controlling variables each time, which has certain limitations.

[0042] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide a low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turboexpander. By setting multiple series-connected turboexpanders to perform hydrogen liquefaction work, and setting temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, and speed sensors on the turboexpanders, multiple indicators of the turboexpander during operation are detected by arranging various sensors on each turboexpander. At the same time, heat exchangers are installed between the turboexpanders to increase the measurement variables, so as to obtain performance data under the influence of more indicators and realize the low-temperature performance test of the turboexpander.

[0043] This embodiment provides a low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turboexpander, such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, it includes: a liquid hydrogen storage tank 101, a heater 102 with a pressurizing device, a buffer tank 103, a first group of turboexpanders 104, a heat exchanger 105, a cryogenic compressor 106, a first flowmeter 107, a second group of turboexpanders 108 and a second flowmeter 109, which are connected in sequence through pipelines, and a plurality of sensors arranged on the first group of turboexpanders 104 or the second group of turboexpanders 108; the heat exchanger 105 is arranged between the first group of turboexpanders 104 and the second group of turboexpanders 108 and is connected in series with the first group of turboexpanders 104 and the second group of turboexpanders 108 respectively;

[0044] The first group of turboexpanders 104 is used to expand and refrigerate the hydrogen output from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 101, the heater 102 with a pressurizing device and the buffer tank 103, and transmit the expanded and refrigerated hydrogen to the heat exchanger 105.

[0045] Specifically, install the refrigeration part of the low-temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turboexpander in the cold box for heat preservation, then start the system, heat the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 101 into hydrogen through the heater 102 with a pressurizing device and flow it into the buffer tank 103, first liquefy the hydrogen through two groups of series-connected turboexpanders, and finally pump the liquefied liquid hydrogen back into the liquid hydrogen storage tank 101.

[0046] Furthermore, both the first group of turboexpanders 104 and the second group of turboexpanders 108 include two turboexpanders.

[0047] Furthermore, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 101 has vacuum multi-layer heat insulation to achieve the storage of liquid hydrogen at a pressure of 0.1 MPa, and the pressure does not exceed 0.2 MPa.

[0048] The heat exchanger 105 is used to adjust the temperature of the expanded and refrigerated hydrogen, and pump the hydrogen with adjusted temperature to the first flowmeter 107 through the cryogenic compressor 106.

[0049] Specifically, adjust the temperature of the expanded and refrigerated hydrogen to a set value through the heat exchanger 105, and this set value can be adjusted accordingly according to the test results during the low-temperature performance test.

[0050] Furthermore, the cryogenic compressor 106 is used to pump cryogenic hydrogen, and the inlet temperature is about 30 K.

[0051] The first flowmeter 107 is used to measure the flow rate of the hydrogen with adjusted temperature to obtain flow rate data.

[0052] Specifically, a low-temperature compressor 106 is provided behind the heat exchanger 105 to provide a power device. A first flowmeter 107 is provided behind the low-temperature compressor 106 to measure the gas flow rate of the low-temperature hydrogen gas at low temperature of the turbine expander and the flow rate at the outlet of the heat exchanger 105. This flow rate data is used to analyze the corresponding pressure and temperature data of the first group of turbine expanders 104 under the flow rate condition.

[0053] Furthermore, the low-temperature compressor 106 behind the heat exchanger 105 is connected to the first flowmeter 107. The first flowmeter 107 can adopt a differential pressure flowmeter (such as an orifice plate flowmeter or a Venturi flowmeter). After the liquid hydrogen passes through the first flowmeter 107, the low-temperature flow rate output by the heat exchanger 105 can be obtained through the reading of the pressure drop.

[0054] Furthermore, the outlet temperature of the first flowmeter 107 is 40 - 60K, and the outlet pressure is 1.2 - 1.4MPa.

[0055] A second group of turbine expanders 108 is used to adjust the pressure of the hydrogen gas with adjusted temperature output by the first flowmeter 107.

[0056] Multiple sensors are used to obtain the corresponding operating index data of the first group of turbine expanders or the second group of turbine expanders;

[0057] A second flowmeter 109 is used to measure the flow rate of the hydrogen gas output by the second group of turbine expanders 108 to obtain low-temperature performance data.

[0058] Specifically, the second flowmeter 109 and the first flowmeter 107 can adopt a differential pressure flowmeter (such as an orifice plate flowmeter or a Venturi flowmeter), and the low-temperature hydrogen gas flow rate output by the second group of turbine expanders 108 is obtained through the reading of the pressure drop.

[0059] Furthermore, the second flowmeter 109 measures an inlet temperature of about 25K and an inlet pressure of about 400kPa.

[0060] Furthermore, for the low-temperature flow rate output by the second group of turbine expanders 108 obtained through the second flowmeter 109, based on this low-temperature hydrogen gas flow rate, the performance data of the turbine expander under the influence of multiple indicators after increasing the measurement variables corresponding to the heat exchanger 105 can be obtained, that is, the low-temperature performance data.

[0061] A cryogenic performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided by this embodiment can obtain the operating index data corresponding to the first group of turbine expanders or the second group of turbine expanders through multiple sensors, and increase the measurement variables by installing a heat exchanger between the first group of turbine expanders and the second group of turbine expanders, so as to obtain performance data under the influence of more indicators. It can obtain more accurate and comprehensive performance data of the turbine expander, realize the cryogenic performance test of the turbine expander, improve the stability of the cryogenic performance test platform of the hydrogen turbine expander, reduce the working condition changes during the test, reduce the test cost, obtain the performance data after the mutual influence of various indicators, increase the autonomy and flexibility of working condition adjustment, comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of the hydrogen turbine expander, and optimize its operating parameters. This not only helps to improve the efficiency and safety of hydrogen liquefaction, but also provides valuable references for the design and maintenance of the turbine expander, promoting the healthy development of the hydrogen energy industry. In practical applications, combined with actual engineering experience, the accuracy and reliability of the performance test process can be further improved.

[0062] In some optional embodiments, it further includes: multiple sensors, and the multiple sensors include: a first temperature sensor 110 and a pressure sensor 111 arranged at the inlet and outlet pipelines of the first group of turbine expanders 104 or the second group of turbine expanders 108, a flow sensor 112 arranged at the inlet pipeline of the first group of turbine expanders 104 or the second group of turbine expanders 108, and a rotational speed sensor 113 arranged at the shaft end of the first group of turbine expanders 104 or the second group of turbine expanders 108;

[0063] The first temperature sensor 110 is used to collect the inlet and outlet temperatures of hydrogen at the inlet and outlet pipelines of the first group of turbine expanders 104 or the second group of turbine expanders 108.

[0064] Specifically, the first temperature sensor 110 can adopt a platinum resistance temperature sensor; two first temperature sensors 110 are installed on the inlet and outlet pipelines of each turbine expander to ensure accurate measurement of the temperature of hydrogen when entering and leaving the expander.

[0065] The pressure sensor 111 is used to collect the inlet and outlet pressures of hydrogen at the inlet and outlet pipelines of the first group of turbine expanders 104 or the second group of turbine expanders 108.

[0066] Specifically, the pressure sensor 111 can adopt a capacitive sensor; the pressure sensor 111 is installed on the inlet and outlet pipelines of each turbine expander to accurately measure the pressure of hydrogen when entering and leaving the expander, and the pressure data is a key parameter for calculating the expansion ratio and evaluating the work capacity of the expander.

[0067] The flow sensor 112 is used to collect the hydrogen flow at the inlet pipeline of the first group of turbine expanders 104 or the second group of turbine expanders 108.

[0068] Specifically, the flow sensor 112 can be an ultrasonic flow sensor; the flow sensor 112 is installed on the intake pipeline of each turboexpander to accurately measure the hydrogen flow rate entering the expander.

[0069] The rotational speed sensor 113 is used to collect the rotational speed of the first group of turboexpanders 104 or the second group of turboexpanders 108.

[0070] Specifically, the rotational speed sensor 113 is installed at the shaft end of the turboexpander to monitor the rotational speed change of the turboexpander in real time.

[0071] The low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turboexpander provided in this embodiment is provided with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a rotational speed sensor on the turboexpander. By arranging a variety of sensors on each turboexpander to detect multiple indicators during the operation of the turboexpander, more accurate and comprehensive performance data of the turboexpander can be obtained.

[0072] In some alternative embodiments, it further includes:

[0073] The second temperature sensor 114 is arranged at the outlet of the heat exchanger 105 or at a key heat exchange part, and is used to collect the outlet temperature or heat exchange temperature of hydrogen.

[0074] Specifically, the second temperature sensor 114 is installed at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger 105 and at the key heat exchange part, so as to understand the temperature change of hydrogen during the heat exchange process, which is of great significance for analyzing the operating conditions of the turboexpander.

[0075] The low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turboexpander provided in this embodiment realizes the accurate acquisition of the temperature change of hydrogen during the heat exchange process by arranging the second temperature sensor at the outlet of the heat exchanger or at the key heat exchange part, which is of great significance for analyzing the operating conditions of the turboexpander.

[0076] In some alternative embodiments, it further includes:

[0077] The low-temperature helium pipe 115 is connected to the heat exchanger 105 and is used to transmit helium to the heat exchanger 105; wherein, the helium is used to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen after expansion refrigeration.

[0078] Specifically, one side of the heat exchanger 105 is connected to the low-temperature helium pipe 115, and a small amount of low-temperature helium is introduced into the heat exchanger 105 through the low-temperature helium pipe 115 to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen after expansion refrigeration to a preset temperature.

[0079] A low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided by this embodiment realizes accurate adjustment of the hydrogen temperature by controlling the volume of low-temperature helium gas delivered to the heat exchanger.

[0080] In some alternative embodiments, it further includes:

[0081] A hydrogen compressor 116, which is respectively connected to the output end of the heater 102 with a pressurizing device and the input end of the buffer tank 103, is used to compress the hydrogen output by the heater 102 with a pressurizing device and input the compressed hydrogen into the buffer tank 103.

[0082] Specifically, the hydrogen compressor 116 is arranged behind the heater 102 with a pressurizing device, used to compress hydrogen and enter the buffer tank 103.

[0083] Furthermore, the hydrogen compressor 116 realizes normal-temperature compression and is equipped with a cooler, which can cool the compressed gas to 30 - 300K and store it in the buffer tank 103; the temperature range of the compression medium of the hydrogen compressor 116 is 32K - 300K, and the output pressure is 2500 kPa.

[0084] A low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided by this embodiment provides power for the transmission of hydrogen between the heater with a pressurizing device and the buffer tank through the hydrogen compressor.

[0085] In some alternative embodiments, it further includes: a first low-temperature stop valve 117, and the first low-temperature stop valve 117 is respectively connected to the output end of the first group of turbine expanders 104 and the input end of the second group of turbine expanders 108.

[0086] Specifically, the first low-temperature stop valve 117 is connected in parallel with the connection structure composed of the heat exchanger 105, the low-temperature compressor 106, and the first flowmeter 107. The first low-temperature stop valve 117 controls the low-temperature hydrogen with a first preset gas flow output by the first group of turbine expanders 104 to flow into the second group of turbine expanders 108, and the second group of turbine expanders 108 adjusts the pressure of the low-temperature hydrogen output by the first group of turbine expanders 104, and the hydrogen with a second preset gas flow flows into the heat exchanger 105.

[0087] Furthermore, the first low-temperature stop valve 117 is provided with an electric heating anti-freezing actuator.

[0088] A low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided by this embodiment realizes throttling of the low-temperature hydrogen output from the output end of the first group of turbine expanders through the first low-temperature stop valve, and further can realize adaptive adjustment of the test indexes of the first group of turbine expanders, reduce the cost of the low-temperature performance test of the hydrogen turbine expander, and improve the test efficiency.

[0089] In some alternative embodiments, it further includes: a second cryogenic shut-off valve 118, and the second cryogenic shut-off valve 118 is connected to the heat exchanger 105.

[0090] Specifically, the second cryogenic shut-off valve 118, the heat exchanger 105, the cryogenic compressor 106, and the first flowmeter 107 are connected in series.

[0091] Furthermore, the second cryogenic shut-off valve 118 is provided with an electric heating anti-freezing actuator.

[0092] In some alternative embodiments, it further includes: a throttle valve 119, and the throttle valve is connected to the second flowmeter 109 and is used to convert the hydrogen output by the second flowmeter 109 into liquid hydrogen.

[0093] Specifically, the measuring medium of the second flowmeter 109 is hydrogen, and a throttle valve 119 is arranged at the outlet of the second flowmeter 109, which can throttle the low-temperature hydrogen at the outlet into liquid hydrogen after the gas flow measurement is completed.

[0094] In some alternative embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, it further includes:

[0095] a heat exchanger 120, which is connected to the throttle valve 119 and is used to transfer the liquid hydrogen output by the throttle valve 119 to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 101.

[0096] In some alternative embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, the first cryogenic shut-off valve 117, the second group of turboexpanders 108, the second flowmeter 109, the throttle valve 119, and the heat exchanger 120 are connected in series, and the connection structure formed by the first cryogenic shut-off valve 117, the second group of turboexpanders 108, the second flowmeter 109, the throttle valve 119, and the heat exchanger 120 is connected in parallel with the connection structure formed by the second cryogenic shut-off valve 118, the heat exchanger 105, the cryogenic compressor 106, and the first flowmeter 107.

[0097] Specifically, when the connection structure formed by the first cryogenic shut-off valve 117, the second group of turboexpanders 108, the second flowmeter 109, the throttle valve 119, and the heat exchanger 120 is connected in parallel with the connection structure formed by the second cryogenic shut-off valve 118, the heat exchanger 105, the cryogenic compressor 106, and the first flowmeter 107, and only the cryogenic performance of the first group of turboexpanders 104 is tested, then the first cryogenic shut-off valve 117 is disconnected, the second cryogenic shut-off valve 118 is closed, the hydrogen output by the first group of turboexpanders 104 is temperature-adjusted through the heat exchanger 105, and the temperature-adjusted low-temperature hydrogen is pumped to the first flowmeter 107 through the cryogenic compressor 106, and the first flowmeter 107 measures the gas flow.

[0098] Further, when testing two groups of turbine expanders, the first low-temperature stop valve 117 is closed, the second low-temperature stop valve 118 is disconnected, and the hydrogen gas output from the buffer tank 103 is expanded by the first group of turbine expanders 104 and the second group of turbine expanders 108. The low-temperature hydrogen gas output flow is measured by the second flowmeter 109, and then the output low-temperature hydrogen gas is transmitted to the heat exchanger 120 through the throttle valve 119. The heat exchanger 120 adjusts the temperature of the liquid hydrogen to the preset storage temperature, and transmits the liquid hydrogen with adjusted temperature to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 101.

[0099] A low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander provided in this embodiment realizes the separate tests of the first group of turbine expanders and two groups of turbine expanders by connecting the first low-temperature stop valve, the second group of turbine expanders, the second flowmeter, the throttle valve, and the heat exchanger in series, meets the test requirements, increases the autonomy and flexibility of operating condition adjustment, and comprehensively and accurately evaluates the performance of the hydrogen turbine expander.

[0100] The following uses specific embodiments to illustrate the working process of a low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander.

[0101] Embodiment 1:

[0102] In the low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander, the first low-temperature stop valve is respectively connected to the output end of the first group of turbine expanders and the input end of the second group of turbine expanders, and the connection structure composed of the first low-temperature stop valve, the heat exchanger, the low-temperature compressor, and the first flowmeter is connected in parallel. The working process of the low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander includes:

[0103] Install the refrigeration part of the low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander in the cold box for heat preservation. Then start the system, heat the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank into hydrogen gas through the heater with a pressurizing device and flow it into the buffer tank. First, expand and refrigerate the hydrogen gas through two groups of series-connected turbine expanders, and finally pump the liquid hydrogen back into the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0104] First, operate according to the rated parameters of the turbine expander for one day. After collecting the performance data of the turbine expander for one day, control the valves or pumps in the low-temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbine expander to change the original rated parameters, so that the hydrogen gas pressure, flow rate, temperature, etc. passing through the turbine expander are changed; set 0.5 h to simulate the fluctuations caused by the failure of the liquefaction system, and set one day to simulate the working performance of the turbine expander under low conditions.

[0105] Then, connect the heat exchanger to the output end of the first group of turbine expanders. After cooling hydrogen to the designed temperature with a small amount of low-temperature helium gas, pump it into the second group of turbine expanders to simulate the influence of the normal operation of the first group of turbine expanders or the liquefaction mode of "heat exchanger + the first group of turbine expanders" on the operation of the second group of low-temperature turbine expanders.

[0106] The measurement range of the inlet pressure of the second group of turbine expanders is 0 - 2.6 MPa, and the measurement range of the outlet pressure is 0 - 1.0 MPa.

[0107] Introduce a small amount of low-temperature helium gas into the heat exchanger. After the temperature rises inside the heat exchanger, it is directly discharged. Set a second temperature sensor at the outlet of the heat exchanger to complete the temperature measurement of hydrogen; the temperature measurement range of the second temperature sensor is 4.2 - 300 K, and the accuracy is ±0.01 K.

[0108] The low-temperature compressor after the heat exchanger is connected to the first flowmeter. After hydrogen passes through the first flowmeter, the low-temperature flow rate can be obtained through the reading of the pressure drop.

[0109] Example 2:

[0110] In the low-temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbine expander, when the connection structure composed of the first low-temperature cut-off valve, the second group of turbine expanders, the second flowmeter, the throttle valve and the heat exchanger is connected in parallel with the connection structure composed of the second low-temperature cut-off valve, the heat exchanger, the low-temperature compressor and the first flowmeter, the working process of the low-temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbine expander includes:

[0111] The hydrogen temperature in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is 30 - 35 K, and the pressure is 2.35 - 2.45 MPa. The inlet hydrogen temperature before the first group of turbine expanders is 40 - 44 K, and the pressure is 2.4 - 2.5 MPa. The pressure after the first group of turbine expanders is 1.3 MPa. Then, it flows through the valves into the heater pump body and the flowmeter with a pressurizing device respectively to measure the flow rate.

[0112] When measuring the performance of the two groups of turbine expanders for the other part, open the first low-temperature cut-off valve and disconnect the second low-temperature cut-off valve. The inlet temperature of the second group of turbine expanders is 35 - 37 K, and the pressure is 1.299 MPa. The pressure after the turbine expander is 0.399 MPa. After the flow rate is measured, it flows back to the liquid hydrogen storage tank after pressurization and heat exchange.

[0113] In the above embodiments, by reasonably configuring the sensor devices and data acquisition systems, high-precision measurement and real-time low-temperature data feedback can be achieved, the stability of the measurement system can be improved, the working conditions during the test can be reduced, the test cost can be reduced, and the performance data after the mutual influence of various indicators can be obtained. The autonomy and flexibility of working condition adjustment can be increased, the performance of the hydrogen turbine expander can be comprehensively and accurately evaluated, and its operating parameters can be optimized. This not only helps to improve the efficiency and safety of hydrogen liquefaction, but also provides valuable references for the design and maintenance of the turbine expander, promoting the healthy development of the hydrogen energy industry. In practical applications, combined with actual engineering experience, the accuracy and reliability of the performance test process are further improved.

[0114] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0115] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0116] In several embodiments provided in the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0117] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place, or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0118] In addition, in each embodiment of the embodiments of this application, the functional units can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0119] When the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0120] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A low temperature performance test platform for a hydrogen turbo expander, characterized in that: include: A liquid hydrogen storage tank, a heater with a pressurizing device, a buffer tank, a first group of turbine expanders, a heat exchanger, a cryogenic compressor, a first flow meter, a second group of turbine expanders and a second flow meter, and a plurality of sensors arranged at the first group of turbine expanders or the second group of turbine expanders, which are sequentially connected by pipelines; the heat exchanger is arranged between the first group of turbine expanders and the second group of turbine expanders, and is respectively connected in series with the first group of turbine expanders and the second group of turbine expanders; The first set of turbine expanders is used to expand and cool the hydrogen output from the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the heater with a pressurizing device and the buffer tank, and transmit the expanded and cooled hydrogen to the heat exchanger; The heat exchanger is used to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen after expansion and refrigeration, and pump the temperature-adjusted hydrogen to the first flow meter through the cryogenic compressor; The first flow meter is used to measure the flow rate of the temperature-adjusted hydrogen to obtain flow rate data; The second set of turbine expanders is used to expand and refrigerate the temperature-adjusted hydrogen output by the first flow meter; The plurality of sensors are used to obtain operation index data corresponding to the first group of turbo expanders or the second group of turbo expanders; The second flow meter is used to measure the flow of hydrogen output by the second group of turbine expanders to obtain low-temperature performance data.

2. The low temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbo expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of sensors include: a first temperature sensor and a pressure sensor disposed at the inlet and outlet pipes of the first group of turbo expanders or the second group of turbo expanders, a flow sensor disposed at the air inlet pipe of the first group of turbo expanders or the second group of turbo expanders, and a speed sensor disposed at the shaft end of the first group of turbo expanders or the second group of turbo expanders; The first temperature sensor is used to collect the hydrogen inlet and outlet temperatures at the inlet and outlet pipes of the first group of turbo expanders or the second group of turbo expanders; The pressure sensor is used to collect the hydrogen inlet and outlet pressures at the inlet and outlet pipelines of the first group of turbo expanders or the second group of turbo expanders; The flow sensor is used to collect the hydrogen flow at the air inlet pipeline of the first group of turbine expanders or the second group of turbine expanders; The rotation speed sensor is used to collect the rotation speed of the first group of turbine expanders or the second group of turbine expanders.

3. The low temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbo expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The second temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet or key heat exchange position of the heat exchanger, and is used to collect the outlet temperature or heat exchange temperature of hydrogen.

4. The low temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbo expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A low-temperature helium pipe is connected to the heat exchanger and is used to transmit helium to the heat exchanger; wherein the helium is used to adjust the temperature of the hydrogen after expansion and refrigeration.

5. The low temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbo expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The hydrogen compressor is connected to the output end of the heater with a booster device and the input end of the buffer tank respectively, and is used to compress the hydrogen output by the heater with a booster device and input the compressed hydrogen into the buffer tank.

6. The low temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbo expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A first low-temperature stop valve is connected to the output end of the first group of turbine expanders and the input end of the second group of turbine expanders respectively.

7. The low temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbo expander according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: A second low-temperature stop valve is connected to the heat exchanger.

8. The low temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbo expander according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: A throttle valve is connected to the second flow meter and is used to convert the hydrogen output by the second flow meter into liquid hydrogen.

9. The low temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbo expander according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: A heat exchanger is connected to the throttle valve and is used to transmit the liquid hydrogen output by the throttle valve to the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

10. The low temperature performance test platform of the hydrogen turbo expander according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first cryogenic shut-off valve, the second group of turbine expanders, the second flowmeter, the throttle valve and the heat exchanger are connected in series, and the connection structure formed by the first cryogenic shut-off valve, the second group of turbine expanders, the second flowmeter, the throttle valve and the heat exchanger is connected in parallel with the connection structure formed by the second cryogenic shut-off valve, the heat exchanger, the cryogenic compressor and the first flowmeter.

Images