Dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring method and device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method and device for monitoring bidirectional displacement of a dam surface, relating to the technical field of engineering deformation monitoring. The method comprises: deploying a level at a first working base point and aiming at a fixed target at a second working base point to establish a horizontal sighting line; installing a bidirectional movable target at the current monitoring point, observing and adjusting the tracking and centering plate of the bidirectional movable target using the level so that the centering reference point of the tracking and centering plate is located on the horizontal sighting line; then obtaining the horizontal and vertical positions of the tracking and centering plate, and determining the horizontal and vertical displacements of the current monitoring point relative to each working base point based on the corresponding position data. The present disclosure does not require high-cost equipment, and can simultaneously achieve high-precision monitoring of the horizontal and vertical displacements of the dam surface using a level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of engineering deformation monitoring, and in particular to a method and device for monitoring bidirectional displacement of a dam surface. Background Art

[0002] At present, dam surface deformation monitoring often uses total stations to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the dam surface in order to obtain the three-dimensional displacement of the dam body in space. However, total station equipment is relatively expensive, the system structure is complex, and the on-site deployment and data processing procedures are cumbersome, making it not suitable for all scenarios. In order to reduce the cost of use, some engineering practices have introduced simplified technical paths such as the collimation method, the laser alignment method, etc., which assist in displacement observation by establishing an optical reference line. Although this type of method has a certain degree of accuracy and application flexibility, it still relies on dedicated instruments, and in temporary, local or simplified monitoring tasks, it has shortcomings such as strong equipment dependence, inconvenience in use, and high requirements for environmental conditions.

[0003] Furthermore, when only horizontal and vertical displacements of a measuring point need to be determined, existing technologies often rely on separate instruments, making it difficult to balance efficiency and accuracy. Especially when specialized equipment such as theodolites or total stations are unavailable on-site, how to rapidly deploy, conveniently operate, and reliably obtain bidirectional displacement information while ensuring accurate observations remains a technical challenge in engineering practice.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a displacement monitoring solution with a simple structure and suitable for equipment-deficient scenarios to meet the actual application needs of structural surfaces such as dams under special monitoring conditions.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a method and system for monitoring the bidirectional displacement of the dam surface, thereby at least to a certain extent solving the problem in the related art that the bidirectional displacement of the dam surface cannot be accurately obtained in the absence of equipment.

[0007] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for monitoring bidirectional displacement of a dam surface is provided, comprising:

[0008] Arrange a level at the first working base point, and aim the level at a fixed sighting mark arranged at the second working base point to establish a horizontal sighting line;

[0009] Installing a bidirectional movable target at the current monitoring point, observing and adjusting the tracking and centering plate of the bidirectional movable target through the level instrument so that the centering reference point of the tracking and centering plate is located on the horizontal sight line;

[0010] After the centering is completed, the horizontal position and the vertical position of the tracking centering card are obtained, and the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points are determined based on the corresponding position data.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, observing and adjusting the tracking and centering card of the bidirectional movable target through the level so that the centering reference point of the tracking and centering card is located on the horizontal sight line includes:

[0012] Observe the visual feedback area provided in the tracking and centering card through the level;

[0013] Determining a relative positional deviation between a centering point reference of the tracked centering card and the horizontal sight line according to a current position of the visual feedback area;

[0014] Based on the relative position deviation, adjust the position of the tracking and centering card of the bidirectional movable target until the horizontal centering reference line and the vertical centering reference line of the tracking and centering card coincide with the horizontal line and the vertical line of the level crosshairs respectively, so that the centering reference point of the tracking and centering card is located on the horizontal sighting line.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bidirectional movable target includes a horizontal moving device and a vertical moving device;

[0016] The step of adjusting the position of the card tracked by the bidirectional movable target based on the relative position deviation includes:

[0017] Based on the relative position deviation, the horizontal moving device drives the tracking and centering card support frame to move horizontally, and the vertical moving device drives the tracking and centering card support frame to move vertically, so as to adjust the position of the tracking and centering card fixed on the tracking and centering card support frame;

[0018] Wherein, the horizontal moving device and the vertical moving device both adopt a screw drive mechanism.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, obtaining the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking centering card, and determining the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points based on the corresponding position data, includes:

[0020] Reading the current horizontal position data of the tracking centering card on the horizontal ruler and the current vertical position data on the vertical ruler; wherein the horizontal ruler and the vertical ruler are set on the bidirectional movable target;

[0021] The current horizontal position data and the current vertical position data are compared with the corresponding horizontal reference value and vertical reference value respectively to obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, comparing the current horizontal position data and the current vertical position data with the corresponding horizontal reference value and vertical reference value respectively to obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points includes:

[0023] Calculating the difference between the current horizontal position data and the horizontal reference value during initial measurement to obtain the horizontal displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points;

[0024] The difference between the current vertical position data and the vertical reference value during initial measurement is calculated to obtain the vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bidirectional movable target includes a movable target base;

[0026] The installation of a bidirectional movable beacon at the current monitoring point includes:

[0027] Fixing the bidirectional movable target on a bracket arranged at the current monitoring point through a forced centering base;

[0028] The forced centering base and the movable target base are connected by means of leveling studs provided on the forced centering base, and the movable target base is placed in a horizontal state by adjusting the leveling studs.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a leveling bubble is provided on the movable target base;

[0030] The method of adjusting the leveling studs to make the movable target base in a horizontal state includes:

[0031] By adjusting the height of the leveling stud, the leveling bubble is adjusted to a central position so that the movable target base is in a horizontal state.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, aiming the level at a fixed target mark arranged at the second working base point to establish a horizontal sight line includes:

[0033] Rotating the level so that the first pair of center lines of the level coincide with the second pair of center lines of the fixed sighting mark;

[0034] After the first pair of center lines and the second pair of center lines are aligned, the level is fixed to establish the horizontal sight line according to the currently aligned center lines.

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, before establishing the horizontal sight line, the method includes:

[0036] The level instrument arranged at the first working base point and the fixed sighting mark arranged at the second working base point are leveled respectively.

[0037] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring device is provided, comprising:

[0038] A level, arranged at the first working base point, is used to sight the fixed sighting mark at the second working base point to establish a horizontal sighting line;

[0039] a fixed sighting mark, arranged at the second working base point, for the level instrument to sight to determine the direction of the horizontal sight line;

[0040] A two-way movable beacon is installed at the current monitoring point, and the two-way movable beacon is provided with a tracking and centering plate;

[0041] A sighting mark centering module, used for observing and adjusting the tracking centering plate through the level instrument so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is located on the horizontal sighting line;

[0042] The displacement acquisition module is used to obtain the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking centering card after the centering is completed, and determine the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points based on the corresponding position data.

[0043] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may have the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The method for monitoring the bidirectional displacement of a dam surface provided in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure first uses a level to replace a traditional total station or theodolite to establish a horizontal sight line for displacement monitoring, significantly reducing reliance on high-cost measurement equipment and offering excellent cost-effectiveness and field applicability. The level has a simple structure and is easy to debug, enabling the construction of a monitoring baseline without the need for a complex supporting system. It is suitable for working environments with limited equipment resources. Second, by deploying a bidirectional movable target at the monitoring point and setting a tracking centering plate with a visual centering reference line, the operator can directly observe the offset state of the target within the level's field of view and perform fine horizontal and vertical centering in combination with visual feedback information. This design simplifies the basis for judging the centering process, improves the intuitiveness and adjustment efficiency of on-site operations, and avoids the accumulation of errors caused by instrument direction switching or complex calculations. Furthermore, the overall monitoring process does not rely on an external power supply or electronic acquisition system, possesses excellent field operation capabilities, and is particularly suitable for scenarios with complex terrain and irregular monitoring cycles, such as dams and slopes. Its compact structure and flexible adjustment methods facilitate rapid deployment and removal, improving the efficiency and operability of short-term, localized temporary monitoring. Overall, the present disclosure achieves reliable measurement of horizontal and vertical displacements at monitoring points on the dam surface without the need for a high-precision total station or theodolite. It boasts multiple advantages, including a simple structure, cost-effectiveness, flexible deployment, intuitive operation, and high monitoring accuracy, making it suitable for widespread application on engineering sites.

[0045] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring method in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0048] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the principle of a method for monitoring bidirectional displacement of a dam surface in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0049] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional movable target under a first viewing angle in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0050] Figure 4A schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional movable target under a second viewing angle in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0051] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional movable target under a third viewing angle in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0052] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of tracking paired cards in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0053] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another method for tracking paired cards in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0054] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring device in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0055] Description of reference numerals:

[0056] 1. Level, 2. First Working Base Point, 3. Horizontal Sight Line, 4. First Monitoring Point, 5. Bidirectionally Moveable Target Mark, 6. Target Mark Base, 7. First Travel Distance, 8. Second Monitoring Point, 9. Second Travel Distance, 10. Fixed Target Mark, 11. Second Working Base Point, 12. Forced Centering Base, 13. Leveling Studs, 14. Moveable Target Mark Base, 15. Leveling Bubble, 16. Rotary Adjustment Base, 17. Horizontal Movement Device, 18. Horizontal Movement Knob, 19. Horizontal Movement Slot, 20. Fixed Horizontal Scale, 21. Moveable Horizontal Scale, 22. Tracking Centering Plate Support, 23. Vertical Movement Knob, 24. Vertical Movement Device, 25. Tracking Centering Plate, 26. Fixed Vertical Scale, 27. Moveable Vertical Scale, 28. Vertical Movement Slot, 29. Tracking the first area of the centering card, 30. Tracking the second area of the centering card, 31. Tracking the third area of the centering card, 32. Tracking the fourth area of the centering card, 33. Horizontal centering reference line, 34. Vertical centering reference line, 35. Centering reference point.

[0057] In the drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The terms used in this specification are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this specification. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," "the," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0059] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this specification to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information without departing from the scope of this specification. Depending on the context, the term "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determining."

[0060] The present disclosure provides a method for monitoring bidirectional displacement of a dam surface. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include steps S110 to S130:

[0061] Step S110: placing a level at the first working base point, and aiming the level at a fixed sighting mark placed at the second working base point to establish a horizontal sighting line;

[0062] Step S120, installing a bidirectional movable target at the current monitoring point, observing and adjusting the tracking and centering plate of the bidirectional movable target through the level instrument, so that the centering reference point of the tracking and centering plate is located on the horizontal sight line;

[0063] Step S130, after the centering is completed, the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking centering card are obtained, and the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points are determined based on the corresponding position data.

[0064] The method for monitoring the bidirectional displacement of the dam surface provided by the present disclosure is implemented as follows: first, a level is used to replace the traditional total station or theodolite to establish a horizontal sight line for displacement monitoring, which significantly reduces the dependence on high-cost measurement equipment and has good economy and field applicability. The level has a simple structure and is easy to debug. It can complete the construction of the monitoring baseline without the need for a complex supporting system, and is suitable for working conditions with limited equipment resources; secondly, by deploying a bidirectional movable target at the monitoring point and setting a tracking centering plate with a visual centering reference line, the operator can directly observe the offset state of the target within the field of view of the level, and combine the visual feedback information to perform fine horizontal and vertical centering. This design simplifies the judgment basis of the centering process, improves the intuitiveness and adjustment efficiency of on-site operations, and avoids the accumulation of errors caused by instrument direction switching or complicated calculations. In addition, the overall monitoring process does not rely on an external power supply or electronic acquisition system, has good field operation capabilities, and is particularly suitable for scenes with complex terrain and irregular monitoring cycles such as dams and slopes. Its compact structure and flexible adjustment methods facilitate rapid deployment and removal, improving the efficiency and operability of short-term, localized temporary monitoring. Overall, the present disclosure achieves reliable measurement of horizontal and vertical displacements at monitoring points on the dam surface without the need for a high-precision total station or theodolite. It boasts multiple advantages, including a simple structure, cost-effectiveness, flexible deployment, intuitive operation, and high monitoring accuracy, making it suitable for widespread application on engineering sites.

[0065] The following describes in detail the method for monitoring bidirectional displacement of the dam surface in this exemplary embodiment.

[0066] In step S110 , a level is placed at the first working base point, and the level is sighted with a fixed target placed at the second working base point to establish a horizontal sighting line.

[0067] In the example implementation of the present disclosure, the level is an optical measuring instrument with the ability to output a stable horizontal line of sight, which is used to provide a stable horizontal sight line and is a key reference device in the entire monitoring system. The first working base point, as the layout position of the level, should be selected at a location with a good field of view and a stable foundation to ensure that the line of sight of the level can cover the area to be measured and aim at the second working base point. The level can provide an optical reference line parallel to the ground plane through the center line of the crosshairs output by the telescope. The second working base point is set at a position with good visual conditions between it and the first working base point, and is used to arrange a fixed target mark. The fixed target mark is an observation target with a stable structure and does not participate in adjustment.

[0068] By aligning the fixed sighting mark with a level, a directional horizontal sight line is established, providing a unified alignment reference for subsequent displacement observations of monitoring points. This ensures the directional consistency and measurement accuracy of the entire measurement system, which is the basis for subsequent displacement determination of monitoring points.

[0069] For example, when aiming a level at a fixed warship, the level is rotated so that a first pair of center lines of the level coincide with a second pair of center lines of a fixed sighting mark. After the first and second pairs of center lines coincide, the level is fixed to establish a horizontal sighting line based on the currently coincident center lines.

[0070] Specifically, the level's telescope must first be rotated toward the fixed target and finely adjusted to align the level's first pair of center lines with the second pair of center lines set on the fixed target. The first pair of center lines refers to the centerline of the crosshairs within the level's telescope field of view, representing the direction of the level's sight axis. The second pair of center lines is a reference line set on the fixed target, used as a reference for centering the level's sight line. This centering operation aligns the level's horizontal sight line with the fixed target, clearly defining the direction of the sight line.

[0071] After aligning the first and second centerlines, the operator locks the level, fixing its rotational direction and elevation angle to ensure the horizontal sight line remains unchanged during subsequent observations. At this point, the horizontal sight line output by the level represents the established horizontal sight line. This sight line is not only consistent in horizontal direction but also unique in spatial orientation, providing a precise and unified reference for subsequent alignment adjustments of monitoring points.

[0072] The horizontal sight line established in the embodiment of the present disclosure has the advantage of not requiring an external distance measurement or high-precision angle measurement device, and can provide a stable measurement reference under simple equipment conditions, ensuring the repeatability and accuracy of the displacement monitoring system under low-cost and high-operability conditions.

[0073] In addition, before establishing the horizontal sight line, the level instrument arranged at the first working base point and the fixed sighting mark arranged at the second working base point need to be leveled separately to ensure the accuracy of the horizontal sight line and the measurement accuracy of the system.

[0074] Leveling a level involves adjusting the leveling screws on the bottom of the instrument or using the built-in automatic leveling mechanism to center the bubble in the level gauge after it's set up, ensuring the optical axis is truly horizontal. This leveling process determines whether the horizontal sight line output by the level is truly horizontal. If the instrument is not leveled or has a large leveling error, the resulting sight line will have a tilted deviation, affecting the alignment of subsequent monitoring points and the accuracy of displacement calculations.

[0075] Fixed target markers are equipped with a support base or mounting bracket. For example, the target body can be adjusted to a horizontal position by adjusting the leveling studs on the bracket. After leveling, the target reference line is in a standard position, accurately marking the target position and improving the accuracy of sighting and alignment.

[0076] By leveling the level and fixed target separately, it can be ensured that the horizontal sight line established by the two has both accurate horizontal properties and good centering consistency, providing a stable and reliable reference framework for subsequent movable target centering, displacement reading and calculation, which is the basic guarantee for the high-precision operation of the entire monitoring system.

[0077] In step S120, a bidirectional movable target is installed at the current monitoring point, and the tracking and centering plate of the bidirectional movable target is observed and adjusted through the level so that the centering reference point of the tracking and centering plate is located on the horizontal sight line.

[0078] A bidirectional movable target is a horizontally and vertically adjustable target device installed at a monitoring point on the dam surface to be measured. It is used in conjunction with a level for centering operations, ultimately enabling the observation of bidirectional displacement of the monitoring point. A tracking centering plate is an auxiliary centering marker installed on the bidirectional movable target. It provides a visual centering reference point within the level's field of view. The operator can use the level to observe the relative position of this reference point to the horizontal sight line, thereby determining whether the monitoring point is centered and making adjustments accordingly. A tracking centering plate is typically a clearly visually identifiable plate with alignment reference patterns such as crosshairs, a center point, cross-cutting lines, or color-coded areas. The center position of the tracking centering plate serves as the centering reference point, representing the monitoring point and used to align the horizontal sight line established by the level. The tracking centering plate can be installed on the support frame of the bidirectional movable target. Its position changes with fine-tuning of the support frame and serves as a readable component of the entire system, reflecting the actual two-dimensional displacement of the measuring point. After the alignment is completed, the position data of the tracking card in the horizontal and vertical directions can be used as the raw measurement value for calculating the displacement.

[0079] refer to Figure 2As shown, a schematic diagram of the principle of a method for monitoring the bidirectional displacement of a dam surface is shown. A level 1 is arranged at the first working base point 2, with its telescope facing rightward, aiming at a fixed target 10 located at the second working base point 11, forming a horizontal sight line 3. A bidirectional movable target 5 is arranged at the first monitoring point 4, and is fixed to the first monitoring point 4 via a target base 6. The relative position of the tracking centering plate on the bidirectional movable target 5 is observed by the level 1, and the target operator is notified to make continuous adjustments. When the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is on the horizontal sight line 3, the position of the movable target at this time is recorded. By comparing it with the initial position, the first movement distance 7 of the bidirectional movable target 5 at the first monitoring point 4 can be obtained, that is, the displacement deformation of the first monitoring point 4 relative to the first working base point 2 or the second working base point 11 can be obtained. Similarly, a bidirectional movable target 5 is arranged at the second monitoring point 8. The second moving distance 9 of the bidirectional movable target 5 at the second monitoring point 8 can be known, that is, the displacement deformation of the second monitoring point 8 relative to the first working base point 2 or the second working base point 11 is obtained.

[0080] refer to Figures 3 to 5 As shown in FIG, the schematic diagram of the structure of the bidirectional movable target under different viewing angles is shown. Figure 3 Taking the structural schematic diagram (front view) of the bidirectional movable target under the first perspective shown as an example, a forced centering base 12 is provided at the bottom of the bidirectional movable target, which is used to accurately fix the bidirectional movable target on the bracket of the current monitoring point. Since the forced centering structure has high repeatability, it can ensure that the measurement center remains consistent during each installation. The centering accuracy is generally not less than 0.1mm, which meets the requirements of high-precision displacement measurement. Three leveling studs 13 are installed on the upper part of the forced centering base 12, which are respectively connected to the movable target base 14. The operator can fine-tune the movable target base 14 by adjusting the height of each leveling stud 13, so that the bidirectional movable target is in a horizontal state as a whole. The movable target base 14 is the supporting platform of the bidirectional movable target, and a leveling bubble 15 is provided on it to assist in judging whether the current device is leveled. Specifically, the height of the leveling stud 13 can be adjusted by the nut provided. When the leveling bubble 15 is adjusted to the center position, it indicates that the movable target base 14 is in a horizontal state. The rotation adjustment base 16 is used to adjust the direction of the two-way movable target so that the tracking centering plate 25 installed on the two-way movable target can be perpendicular to the horizontal sight line established by the level, thereby ensuring the horizontal centering accuracy. It can be understood that Figure 2 The target base 6 shown may include Figure 3 The forced centering base 12, the movable target base 14 and the rotation adjustment base 16 shown in the figure together constitute the installation and adjustment structure of the bidirectional movable target.

[0081] A horizontal movement device 17 is mounted on the movable target base 14, driving the tracking and centering marker 25 horizontally and providing horizontal displacement readings. The horizontal movement device 17 utilizes a screw drive mechanism with a precision-machined screw mechanism, including an internal screw and a horizontal movement knob 18 linked to the internal screw. Rotating the horizontal movement knob 18 drives the tracking and centering marker support frame 22 horizontally. The horizontal movement range reaches 300 mm, limited by a 310 mm long horizontal movement slot 19 in the horizontal movement device 17, ensuring smooth movement of the tracking and centering marker support frame 22 within the effective range. To determine the real-time horizontal position of the tracking and centering marker support frame 22, a fixed horizontal scale 20 is fixed to the horizontal movement device 17 as a reference. A movable horizontal scale 21 is mounted on the tracking and centering marker support frame 22 and moves with it. The operator can determine the specific horizontal position of the tracking and centering marker support frame 22 by reading the relative position between the movable horizontal scale 21 and the fixed horizontal scale 20.

[0082] The tracking card 25 is set on the tracking card support frame 22. Since the tracking card 25 is only allowed to move in the vertical direction relative to the tracking card support frame 22, the horizontal position of the tracking card support frame 22 directly represents the horizontal position of the tracking card 25, and further represents the horizontal position of the current monitoring point.

[0083] In the vertical direction, the tracking and centering card support frame 22 is connected to a vertical movement device 24, which is used to drive the tracking and centering card 25 in the vertical direction and provide vertical displacement readings. The vertical movement device 24 also uses a screw drive mechanism and a precision screw propulsion structure inside. It includes an internal screw and a vertical movement knob 23 that is linked to the internal screw. The vertical movement knob 23 is used to adjust the vertical position of the tracking and centering card support frame 22, and the movement range is also 300mm. To facilitate readings in this direction, a vertical fixed scale 26 is installed on the vertical movement device 24, and a vertical movable scale 27 is installed on the tracking and centering card support frame 22. The operator can obtain the actual vertical position of the tracking and centering card 25 by reading the position difference between the vertical fixed scale 26 and the vertical movable scale 27. In addition, the vertical movement path of the tracking and centering card support frame 22 is limited by a vertical movement slot 28, which is 310mm long, ensuring that the tracking and centering card support frame 22 operates smoothly and reliably within the set range.

[0084] In some example implementations, after a bidirectional movable beacon is installed at the current monitoring point, the visual feedback area set in the tracking centering card can be observed through a level, and the relative position deviation between the centering point reference of the tracking centering card and the horizontal sight line can be determined based on the current position of the visual feedback area.

[0085] Among them, the visual feedback area is set on the surface of the tracking and centering card, and has a quadrant area composed of different colors, graphics or lines. Its layout corresponds one-to-one to the position of the centering reference point, which makes it convenient for the operator to judge the relative relationship between the center of the current tracking and centering card and the horizontal sight line through the crosshairs of the level.

[0086] When observing the tracking card in the level's field of view, if the visual feedback area is not in the expected position, it means that the centering reference point has not yet coincided with the horizontal sight line. In this case, the direction and degree of the tracking card's deviation from the horizontal sight line can be determined based on the current quadrant or offset position of the visual feedback area. This is known as the relative position deviation. It is understood that the relative position deviation can be decomposed into two components: horizontal and vertical.

[0087] refer to Figure 6 As shown in FIG, a schematic diagram of tracking the middle cards is shown. Figure 6 The tracking card is square, with a size of 300mm×300mm, and is made of 2mm thick aluminum alloy plate, which ensures that it is light and has good rigidity, and is solid and durable. Figure 6 As shown, the visual feedback area is a four-quadrant graphic area, which are the first area 29 for tracking the right cards, the second area 30 for tracking the right cards, the third area 31 for tracking the right cards and the fourth area 32 for tracking the right cards.

[0088] refer to Figure 7 FIG2 is a schematic diagram of another tracking and centering card. In order to more accurately align the tracking and centering card with the horizontal sight line, a horizontal centering reference line 33 and a vertical centering reference line 34 are provided on the tracking and centering card. The intersection of the horizontal centering reference line 33 and the vertical centering reference line 34 is the centering reference point 35.

[0089] Furthermore, based on the relative position deviation, the position of the tracking and centering card of the bidirectional movable target is adjusted until the horizontal centering reference line and the vertical centering reference line of the tracking and centering card coincide with the horizontal line and the vertical line of the level crosshairs respectively, so that the centering reference point of the tracking and centering card is located on the horizontal sighting line.

[0090] Still Figure 7For example, by observing the graphic area of the tracking centering card, the relative position deviation between the centering reference point 35 and the horizontal sight line can be known, making it easier to issue corresponding instructions to the target operator. For example, if the target operator sees the first area 29 of the tracking centering card, the target operator can be instructed to adjust the tracking centering card to the left and vertically upward. If the target operator sees the second area 30 of the tracking centering card, the target operator can be instructed to adjust the tracking centering card to the left and vertically downward until the horizontal and vertical lines of the level crosshairs coincide with the horizontal centering reference line 33 and the vertical centering reference line 34, respectively. At this time, the centering reference point 35 of the tracking centering card is on the horizontal sight line, and the reading can be notified.

[0091] Specifically, based on the relative position deviation, the horizontal moving device on the bidirectional movable target can be used to drive the tracking and centering card support frame to move horizontally, and the vertical moving device on the bidirectional movable target can be used to drive the tracking and centering card support frame to move vertically, so as to adjust the position of the tracking and centering card fixed on the tracking and centering card support frame, and realize two-dimensional fine positioning of the tracking and centering card, so that its centering reference point falls accurately on the horizontal sighting line.

[0092] Horizontally, the target operator rotates the horizontal movement knob on the horizontal movement mechanism. This knob, through a precision screw system inside, drives the tracking and centering card support frame, which is connected to the screw, to move along the horizontal movement slot. As the tracking and centering card support frame moves, the tracking and centering card fixed to the tracking and centering card support frame moves synchronously, thereby correcting the horizontal offset of the centering reference point. Vertically, the target operator rotates the vertical movement knob on the vertical movement mechanism. This knob, similarly, drives the tracking and centering card support frame up and down along the vertical movement slot via a screw propulsion mechanism.

[0093] During the entire adjustment process, the tracking centering plate does not move horizontally relative to the tracking centering plate support. Its vertical movement is controlled by the raising and lowering of the tracking centering plate support. Therefore, the spatial position of the tracking centering plate support directly represents the position of the tracking centering plate. Through continuous fine-tuning in both horizontal and vertical directions, the target operator can gradually guide the tracking centering plate's centering reference point to the horizontal sight line, thereby completing the alignment. This adjustment method does not require instrument replacement or rearrangement of monitoring points and offers the advantages of high adjustment accuracy, ease of operation, and strong field adaptability.

[0094] In step S130, after the centering is completed, the horizontal position and the vertical position of the tracking centering card are obtained, and the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points are determined based on the corresponding position data.

[0095] When the centering is completed, it means that the centering reference point of the tracking centering card at the current monitoring point is accurately located on the horizontal sighting line established by the level and the fixed sighting mark. At this time, the two-dimensional spatial position of the tracking centering card can be used as the measurement reference point of the current monitoring point at that moment.

[0096] For example, the current horizontal position data of the tracking center card on the horizontal scale and the current vertical position data on the vertical scale can be read. The horizontal scale and the vertical scale are set on a two-way movable sighting mark. The horizontal scale includes a horizontal fixed scale and a horizontal movable scale, and the vertical scale includes a vertical fixed scale and a vertical movable scale. The sighting mark operator can directly read the position scale of the horizontal movable scale relative to the horizontal fixed scale, as well as the position scale of the vertical movable scale relative to the vertical fixed scale, and obtain the current horizontal position data of the tracking center card and the current vertical position data on the vertical scale respectively, for auxiliary positioning.

[0097] Furthermore, the current horizontal position data and the current vertical position data are compared with the corresponding horizontal reference value and vertical reference value respectively to obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each working base point.

[0098] For example, the difference between the current horizontal position data and the horizontal reference value at the time of initial measurement is calculated to obtain the horizontal displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each working base point. ij =X ij -X i0 , among which, DH ij is the horizontal displacement of the i-th monitoring point at the j-th measurement, X ij is the horizontal moving scale reading of the i-th monitoring point at the j-th measurement, X i0 is the horizontal reference value of the i-th monitoring point during the initial measurement, that is, the horizontal moving scale reading of the i-th monitoring point during the initial measurement. It can be understood that the horizontal moving scale reading is the position scale of the horizontal movable scale relative to the horizontal fixed scale.

[0099] Calculate the difference between the current vertical position data and the vertical reference value at the time of initial measurement to obtain the vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each working base point. ij =Z ij -Z i0 , among which ZH ij is the vertical displacement of the i-th monitoring point at the j-th measurement, Z ij is the vertical moving scale reading of the i-th monitoring point at the j-th measurement, Z i0is the vertical reference value of the ith monitoring point during the initial measurement, i.e., the vertical moving scale reading of the ith monitoring point during the initial measurement. It can be understood that the vertical moving scale reading is the position scale of the vertical moving scale relative to the vertical fixed scale.

[0100] Similarly, the displacement of each monitoring point relative to the working base point can be calculated. This step, simply by reading the mechanical scale and analyzing relative differences, enables quantitative assessment of deformation trends. It is suitable for periodic, long-term, or emergency engineering deformation monitoring needs. This method is simple in structure and intuitive in method, offering excellent field applicability and data reliability.

[0101] In this exemplary embodiment, a dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring device is also provided. Figure 8 As shown, the dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring device 800 may include a level 1, a fixed target 10, a bidirectional movable target 5, a target centering module 810 and a displacement acquisition module 820, wherein:

[0102] Level 1, arranged at the first working base point, for sighting a fixed sighting mark at the second working base point to establish a horizontal sighting line;

[0103] a fixed sighting mark 10, arranged at the second working base point, for the level to be sighted by the level instrument to determine the direction of the horizontal sight line;

[0104] A two-way movable target beacon 5 is installed at the current monitoring point, and the two-way movable target beacon is provided with a tracking and centering plate;

[0105] The sighting mark centering module 810 is used to observe and adjust the tracking centering card through the level so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering card is located on the horizontal sighting line;

[0106] The displacement acquisition module 820 is used to obtain the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking centering card after the centering is completed, and determine the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points based on the corresponding position data.

[0107] The specific details of each structure and each module in the above-mentioned dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring device have been described in detail in the corresponding dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring method, so they will not be repeated here.

[0108] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow from the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the claims.

[0109] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring bidirectional displacement of a dam surface, characterized in that: include: Arrange a level at the first working base point, and aim the level at a fixed sighting mark arranged at the second working base point to establish a horizontal sighting line; A two-way movable target is installed at the current monitoring point, wherein the two-way movable target includes a tracking centering plate, a horizontal moving device, a vertical moving device, a horizontal scale and a vertical scale, and a visual feedback area is provided on the tracking centering plate; Observing the visual feedback area through the level, and adjusting the tracking and centering card through the horizontal moving device and the vertical moving device according to the current position of the visual feedback area, so that the centering reference point of the tracking and centering card is located on the horizontal sight line; After the alignment is completed, the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking alignment plate on the horizontal scale and the vertical scale are obtained respectively, and the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points are determined based on the corresponding position data.

2. The dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the tracking and centering card by the horizontal moving device and the vertical moving device according to the current position of the visual feedback area so that the centering reference point of the tracking and centering card is located on the horizontal sight line includes: Determining a relative positional deviation between a centering point reference of the tracked centering card and the horizontal sight line according to a current position of the visual feedback area; Based on the relative position deviation, the position of the tracking and centering card is adjusted by the horizontal moving device and the vertical moving device until the horizontal centering reference line and the vertical centering reference line of the tracking and centering card coincide with the horizontal line and the vertical line of the level crosshairs respectively, so that the centering reference point of the tracking and centering card is located on the horizontal sighting line.

3. The dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the position of the tracking and centering card by the horizontal moving device and the vertical moving device based on the relative position deviation includes: Based on the relative position deviation, the horizontal moving device drives the tracking and centering card support frame to move horizontally, and the vertical moving device drives the tracking and centering card support frame to move vertically, so as to adjust the position of the tracking and centering card fixed on the tracking and centering card support frame; Wherein, the horizontal moving device and the vertical moving device both adopt a screw drive mechanism.

4. The dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the horizontal position and the vertical position of the tracking centering plate on the horizontal scale and the vertical scale, respectively, and determining the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points based on the corresponding position data, includes: Reading the current horizontal position data of the tracking and centering card on the horizontal scale and the current vertical position data on the vertical scale; The current horizontal position data and the current vertical position data are compared with the corresponding horizontal reference value and vertical reference value respectively to obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points.

5. The dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of comparing the current horizontal position data and the current vertical position data with the corresponding horizontal reference value and vertical reference value to obtain the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points includes: Calculating the difference between the current horizontal position data and the horizontal reference value during initial measurement to obtain the horizontal displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points; The difference between the current vertical position data and the vertical reference value during initial measurement is calculated to obtain the vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points.

6. The method for monitoring bidirectional displacement of a dam surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bidirectional movable target includes a movable target base; The installation of a bidirectional movable beacon at the current monitoring point includes: Fixing the bidirectional movable target on a bracket arranged at the current monitoring point through a forced centering base; The forced centering base and the movable target base are connected by means of leveling studs provided on the forced centering base, and the movable target base is placed in a horizontal state by adjusting the leveling studs.

7. The method for monitoring bidirectional displacement of a dam surface according to claim 6, characterized in that: The movable sighting mark base is provided with a leveling bubble; The method of adjusting the leveling studs to make the movable target base in a horizontal state includes: By adjusting the height of the leveling stud, the leveling bubble is adjusted to a central position so that the movable target base is in a horizontal state.

8. The dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Said aiming the level at a fixed sighting mark arranged at the second working base point to establish a horizontal sighting line comprises: Rotating the level so that the first pair of center lines of the level coincide with the second pair of center lines of the fixed sighting mark; After the first pair of center lines and the second pair of center lines are aligned, the level is fixed to establish the horizontal sight line according to the currently aligned center lines.

9. The method for monitoring bidirectional displacement of a dam surface according to claim 8, characterized in that: Before establishing a horizontal sight line, include: The level instrument arranged at the first working base point and the fixed sighting mark arranged at the second working base point are leveled respectively.

10. A dam surface bidirectional displacement monitoring device, characterized in that: The method for monitoring bidirectional displacement of a dam surface according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the device comprises: A level, arranged at the first working base point, is used to sight the fixed sighting mark at the second working base point to establish a horizontal sighting line; a fixed sighting mark, arranged at the second working base point, for the level instrument to sight to determine the direction of the horizontal sight line; A two-way movable beacon is installed at the current monitoring point, and the two-way movable beacon is provided with a tracking and centering plate; A sighting mark centering module, used for observing and adjusting the tracking centering plate through the level instrument so that the centering reference point of the tracking centering plate is located on the horizontal sighting line; The displacement acquisition module is used to obtain the horizontal position and vertical position of the tracking centering card after the centering is completed, and determine the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the current monitoring point relative to each of the working base points based on the corresponding position data.

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