Piston type aero-engine performance detection device
By designing a performance detection device for piston aircraft engines, using motor brackets, displacement brackets and pressure sensors, the problem of large errors when manually detecting the protruding height of the piston is solved, the accuracy of the detection data is achieved, and the normal operation of the engine is ensured.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510310360.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
AI Technical Summary
When the existing piston aero engine performance detection device detects the piston protruding height, it manually detects detection errors through the dial table, resulting in inaccurate detection data.
A piston-type aero engine performance detection device is designed, using a motor bracket, a displacement bracket and an engine assembly test piece to detect the height of the piston sliding in the engine piston cylinder through a pressure sensor to ensure the accuracy of the detection data.
Through the use of this device, the piston protrusion height can be accurately detected, avoiding errors in manual detection, and ensuring normal operation of engine performance and life.
Smart Images
Figure CN120213468A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engine performance detection, and particularly to a piston-type aero-engine performance detection device. Background Art
[0002] An aero-engine is a highly complex thermal machine. The engine not only provides speed for the aircraft but also is the source of lift generation. A piston engine mainly consists of a cylinder block, a piston, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a valve mechanism, a reduction gearbox, etc. The cylinder block is the place where the mixture (aviation kerosene and air) burns. A piston reciprocates within the cylinder block. A preheating plug for heating the mixture, as well as intake and exhaust valves, are installed on the cylinder head. When the engine is working, the temperature of the cylinder is very high, so there are many cooling fins on the outer wall of the cylinder block to expand the heat dissipation area. Regarding the function of the cylinder block, the cylinder block is the main body of the engine. It integrates each cylinder and the crankcase into one body and is the supporting framework for installing the piston, crankshaft, and other parts and accessories. The working conditions of the cylinder block are extremely harsh. It has to withstand the rapid changes in pressure and temperature during the combustion process and the strong friction of the piston movement. Therefore, it should have the following properties: 1. Sufficient strength and stiffness, with little deformation, ensuring the correct positions of all moving parts, normal operation, and low vibration and noise. Good cooling performance, with a cooling water jacket around the cylinder liner to allow the cooling water to take away heat. Wear-resistant to ensure a sufficient service life of the cylinder block. The upper part of the cylinder block is a row of cylinder liners. The lower part of the cylinder block is the crankcase, which is used to install the crankshaft, and various accessories such as a generator and an engine bracket can also be installed outside it. And it is a necessary condition for the normal operation of the engine that there is a certain clearance between the crankshaft and the connecting rod of the engine. Because when the crankshaft is working, it will expand due to the rise in temperature and have a certain axial movement. The reserved clearance is to ensure that it can still operate normally after expansion. However, this clearance cannot be reserved too large. If the reserved clearance is too large, during the operation of the engine, abnormal axial movement will occur between the crankshaft and the connecting rod, leading to faults such as piston offset in the cylinder and connecting rod bending. Therefore, during the engine assembly process, the assembly clearance between the crankshaft and the connecting rod, as an important indicator during the assembly process, should be strictly monitored. Necessary measures will be taken on the engine production line to measure the clearance between the crankshaft and the connecting rod, troubleshoot the products with unqualified clearances, and ensure that the clearances are qualified before proceeding with the next step of production. The clearance between the crankshaft and the connecting rod, as an essential element that must exist, has a very important position during the engine assembly process. The piston protrusion height refers to the height of the piston above the cylinder block and is one of the important parameters during the engine operation. When the piston is running at high speed, the piston head must be separated from the cylinder wall, otherwise it will be worn, carbonized, or even stuck. Therefore, the correct piston protrusion height is an important guarantee for the performance and life of the engine.
[0003] The operating mechanism of the crankshaft mainly bears the power transmitted by the connecting rod and converts it into rotational torque to drive various components in the engine to operate efficiently. The crankshaft is affected by multiple factors, including the centrifugal force of the rotating mass, the periodic gas inertia, and the reciprocating inertia force. These forces act on the crankshaft together, subjecting it to complex bending and torsional loads. Specifically, the front end of the crankshaft is designed with specific mounting interfaces for key components such as the crankshaft timing belt pulley (or timing gear and sprocket). The rear end is equipped with a flywheel, which prevents oil from leaking backward through an oil slinger seal and a sealing thread. The journal is an important part of the crankshaft. Among them, the main journal is the core that supports the rotation of the crankshaft, and all axes are kept parallel. The connecting rod journal (also known as the crankpin) that deviates from the main journal is connected to the connecting rod, forming a certain angle, and is provided with a lubricating oil passage to ensure lubrication. The crank arm connects the connecting rod journal and the main journal and is responsible for converting the force transmitted by the connecting rod into the rotational torque of the crankshaft. A connecting rod journal and the cranks on both sides and the adjacent main journal together form a crank throw. Radial oil holes are provided on the main journal, connecting rod journal, and bearing, and are interconnected through inclined oil passages to ensure that the lubricating oil can reach the working surface for sufficient lubrication. In addition, when the oil holes on the connecting rod journal and the big end are aligned, the lubricating oil will also provide additional lubrication to the valve train and the cylinder wall by splashing. Measuring the axial clearance of the crankshaft is a key technical operation and is crucial for ensuring the performance and lifespan of the engine. Detecting the axial clearance of the crankshaft is a key link in the assembly quality control of the engine assembly. The unqualified axial clearance of the crankshaft is usually caused by the omission of the thrust washer or the unqualified quality of the engine axial clearance-related components. If the axial clearance of the engine crankshaft is too small, it will lead to excessive rotational resistance of the crankshaft, accelerated wear, and in severe cases, the engine crankshaft will be stuck. When the axial clearance of the crankshaft is too large, the axial movement of the crankshaft is relatively large, generating vibration and noise, and at the same time, it will affect the operation of the piston connecting rod group, thereby affecting the performance of the engine.
[0004] However, the existing piston-type aeroengine performance detection devices have the following problems during use: For the traditional detection of the piston protrusion height, there are detection errors when manually detecting with a dial indicator, and the detected data is inaccurate. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a piston-type aeroengine performance detection device to solve the related problems raised in the above background technology.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A performance detection device for a piston-type aero-engine, comprising a motor support, a displacement support, and an engine assembly test piece. The top end of the detection table base is provided with a displacement support, and the inner wall of the displacement support is provided with a back plate. A guide rail is arranged inside the back plate, and a pressure sensor is arranged inside the guide rail. A drag chain cable moving device is arranged inside the displacement support, and the output end of the drag chain cable moving device is connected to one side of the moving carriage. The two sides of the top end of the detection table base are respectively provided with a motor support, a first support, and a mounting bracket. A second support is arranged on one side of the mounting bracket, and a second position sensor is arranged inside the second support. The top end of the detection table base is provided with an engine assembly test piece.
[0007] In a performance detection device for a piston-type aero-engine provided by this technical solution, a motor body is arranged inside the motor support, and the output end of the motor body is fixed to one side of the engine assembly test piece through a clamp by means of a coupling.
[0008] In a performance detection device for a piston-type aero-engine provided by this technical solution, a first position sensor is arranged on one side of the first support.
[0009] In a performance detection device for a piston-type aero-engine provided by this technical solution, a PCL is arranged on one side of the motor support.
[0010] A performance detection device for a piston-type aero-engine provided by this technical solution includes the following steps. Step 1: Installation of the position of the engine assembly test piece: The engine assembly test piece is fixed by using the fixing frame above the detection table base, and one side of the engine assembly test piece is connected and fixed to the output end of the motor through a coupling. Step 2: Displacement of the position of the pressure sensor: By starting the drag chain cable moving device, the moving carriage is driven to slide in the guide rail to a position above the engine assembly test piece, and the lower part of the pressure sensor is connected to the piston groove position at the top end of the engine assembly test piece. Step 3: Positioning of the engine assembly test piece. After the two sides of the engine assembly test piece reach the appropriate positions through the second support and the first position sensor, the second support and the first position sensor feed back the information to the PCL, and then the PCL starts the motor body. Step 4: Performance detection of the engine assembly test piece. The engine assembly test piece is driven to rotate by the motor body, and the pressure sensor detects the height of the piston sliding in the engine piston cylinder.
[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a performance detection device for a piston-type aero-engine, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, the engine assembly test piece is installed, and the engine assembly test piece is fixed by the fixing frame above the test bench base. One side of the engine assembly test piece is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor through a coupling. By starting the drag chain cable moving device, the moving carriage slides in the guide rail to the position above the engine assembly test piece. The lower part of the pressure sensor is connected to the piston groove position at the top of the engine assembly test piece. After the second bracket and the first position sensor position both sides of the engine assembly test piece to the appropriate positions, the second bracket and the first position sensor feedback the information to the PCL, and then the PCL starts the motor body. The motor body drives the rotation of the engine assembly test piece, and the pressure sensor detects the height of the piston sliding in the engine piston cylinder. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Figure 1 is a schematic front sectional view structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic front view structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic top view structure of the present invention.
[0013] In the figure: 1, motor bracket; 2, displacement bracket; 3, first bracket; 4, moving carriage; 5, pressure sensor; 6, drag chain cable moving device; 7, first position sensor; 8, guide rail; 9, back plate; 10, engine assembly test piece; 11, mounting bracket; 12, second bracket; 13, second position sensor; 14, test bench base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0014] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0015] Embodiment 1, as Figures 1-3As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a technical solution: a piston-type aero-engine performance detection device, including a motor bracket 1, a displacement bracket 2 and an engine assembly test piece 10. The top of the detection table base 14 is provided with a displacement bracket 2, and the inner wall of the displacement bracket 2 is provided with a back plate 9. The inside of the back plate 9 is provided with a guide rail 8, and the inside of the guide rail 8 is provided with a pressure sensor 5. The inside of the displacement bracket 2 is provided with a drag chain cable moving device 6, and the output end of the drag chain cable moving device 6 is connected to one side of the moving carriage 4. On both sides of the top of the detection table base 14, a motor bracket 1, a first bracket 3 and a mounting bracket 11 are respectively installed. One side of the mounting bracket 11 is provided with a second bracket 12, and the inside of the second bracket 12 is provided with a second position sensor 13. The top of the detection table base 14 is provided with an engine assembly test piece 10. The inner wall of the motor bracket 1 is provided with a motor body, and the output end of the motor body is fixed to one side of the engine assembly test piece 10 through a coupling by a clamp. One side of the first bracket 3 is provided with a first position sensor 7. One side of the motor bracket 1 is provided with a PCL. The operator installs the position of the engine assembly test piece 10 and fixes the engine assembly test piece 10 by using the fixing frame above the detection table base 14. One side of the engine assembly test piece 10 is connected and fixed to the output end of the motor through a coupling. By starting the drag chain cable moving device 6, the moving carriage 4 is driven to slide in the guide rail 8 to a position above the engine assembly test piece 10. The lower part of the pressure sensor 5 is connected to the piston groove position at the top of the engine assembly test piece 10. After the two sides of the engine assembly test piece 10 reach the appropriate positions through the second bracket 12 and the first position sensor 7, the second bracket 12 and the first position sensor 7 feed back the information to the PCL, and then the PCL starts the motor body. The motor body drives the engine assembly test piece 10 to rotate, and the pressure sensor 5 detects the height of the piston sliding in the engine piston cylinder.
[0016] Working principle: First, connect the external power supply. The operator installs the engine assembly test piece at position 10, and fixes the engine assembly test piece 10 by using the fixing frame above the test bench base 14. One side of the engine assembly test piece 10 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor through a coupling. By starting the drag chain cable moving device 6, the moving carriage 4 is driven to slide in the guide rail 8 to a position above the engine assembly test piece 10. The lower part of the pressure sensor 5 is connected to the piston groove position at the top of the engine assembly test piece 10. After the two sides of the engine assembly test piece 10 reach the appropriate positions through the second bracket 12 and the first position sensor 7, the second bracket 12 and the first position sensor 7 feedback the information to the PCL. Then the PCL starts the motor body, and drives the engine assembly test piece 10 to rotate through the motor body. The pressure sensor 5 detects the height of the piston sliding in the engine piston cylinder. When the protrusion height of the piston detected by the pressure sensor 5 is qualified, it ensures that the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head is within the normal range. If the protrusion height of the piston detected by the pressure sensor 5 is unqualified, that is, the piston protrusion is too high or too low, it will cause the clearance between the piston and the cylinder head to be too large or too small, which will not only affect the performance of the engine, but also cause mechanical failures. The thermal expansion coefficient during combustion in each cylinder is approximately the same as the sufficiency of combustion, and the height of the piston sliding in the engine piston cylinder and protruding from the engine cylinder block will directly affect the combustion space and the sufficiency of combustion in the combustion chamber.
[0017] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Any simple modification or equivalent replacement made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solution of the present invention shall not depart from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A piston aircraft engine performance testing device, comprising a motor bracket (1), a displacement bracket (2) and an engine assembly test piece (10), characterized in that: A shift bracket (2) is installed at the top of the test bench base (14), and a back plate (9) is provided on the inner wall of the shift bracket (2), a guide rail (8) is provided inside the back plate (9), and a pressure sensor (5) is provided inside the guide rail (8), a drag chain cable moving device (6) is provided on the inner side of the shift bracket (2), and the output end of the drag chain cable moving device (6) is connected to one side of the moving slide (4), a motor bracket (1), a first bracket (3) and a mounting frame (11) are respectively installed on both sides of the top of the test bench base (14), a second bracket (12) is provided on one side of the mounting frame (11), and a second position sensor (13) is provided inside the second bracket (12), and an engine assembly test piece (10) is provided at the top of the test bench base (14).
2. A piston aircraft engine performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the motor bracket (1) is provided with a motor body, and the output end of the motor body is fixed to one side of the engine assembly test piece (10) via a coupling via a clamp.
3. A piston aircraft engine performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first position sensor (7) is provided on one side of the first bracket (3).
4. A piston aircraft engine performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A PCL is provided on one side of the motor bracket (1).
5. The testing method of a piston aircraft engine performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: Position and install the engine assembly test piece (10): Use a fixing frame above the test bench base (14) to fix the engine assembly test piece (10), and one side of the engine assembly test piece (10) is connected to the output end of the motor via a coupling for fixing; Step 2: The pressure sensor (5) is displaced: the drag chain cable moving device (6) is started to drive the moving slide (4) to slide in the guide rail (8) to a position above the engine assembly test piece (10), and the lower part of the pressure sensor (5) is connected to the piston groove position at the top of the engine assembly test piece (10); Step 3: Positioning the engine assembly test piece (10), after the two sides of the engine assembly test piece (10) are moved to appropriate positions by the second bracket (12) and the first position sensor (7), the second bracket (12) and the first position sensor (7) feed back information to the PCL, and the PCL starts the motor body; Step 4: Testing the performance of the engine assembly test piece (10). The engine assembly test piece (10) is driven to rotate by the motor body, and the pressure sensor (5) detects the sliding height of the piston in the engine piston cylinder.