Cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis method based on multi-dimensional information

Abstract

The invention provides a cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis method based on multi-dimensional information. A cable fault arc dynamic image, a carbonization path evolution image and multi-sensor data are acquired through a multi-dimensional information synchronous acquisition system; a three-dimensional simulation model of fault arc and insulation pyrolysis bidirectional coupling under live operation of the multiple cables is constructed, and the model is based on a magnetohydrodynamic equation and is coupled with an arc plasma model, a cable insulation pyrolysis model and an electromagnetic-fluid field model; an arc characteristic data set is established based on the arc dynamic image and multi-sensor data, and arc temperature distribution is predicted in real time in combination with a Kalman filtering algorithm and three-dimensional simulation model output; and analyzing the relevance between the arc characteristic data set and the carbonization path evolution image, and extracting the interaction rule of the arc and the carbonization path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical fields such as the research and analysis of fault arcs, and particularly relates to a method for predicting the arc temperature of a cable and analyzing the evolution of the carbonization path based on multi-dimensional information. Background Art

[0002] As an essential component for electric energy transmission and signal transfer in an electrical circuit, various types of cables are widely used in different scenarios. However, electrical fire accidents caused by cable failures occur from time to time.

[0003] Fault arcs are an important cause of cable fires. Reasons such as non-standard laying and external forces will cause damage to the cable insulation or copper core. Under certain conditions, intermittent fault arcs may be generated at the damaged parts. Under the action of high-temperature arcs, the cable insulation layer pyrolyzes to form a carbonization path, thereby triggering a continuous arc fault. At the same time, the continuous arc will also continuously expand the scale of the carbonization path. The arc process and the carbonization process promote each other, ultimately leading to serious electrical faults and fires. In addition, in order to reduce interference, improve safety and aesthetics, cables are often laid in a bundled manner in scenarios such as power transmission and building wire laying. Examples of single-cable arc developing into multi-cable arc faults and then triggering fire accidents are not uncommon.

[0004] Therefore, research on cable fault arcs, especially the pyrolysis characteristics of cable insulation under heat, the comprehensive analysis of the interaction between the arc and the carbonization process, and the research on the coupling process of arc faults and insulation pyrolysis during the live operation of multiple cables, has strong practical significance and guiding role for the research of cable electrical fires mainly induced by fault arcs. However, there are deficiencies and gaps in the current research on the generation process of cable fault arcs and carbonization paths under damaged conditions and the interaction relationship between multiple cables. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, aiming at the gaps and deficiencies existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for predicting the cable arc temperature and analyzing the evolution of the carbonization path based on multi-dimensional information. This solution acquires digital images of the cable arc and the carbonization path through multiple high-speed cameras, and combines the data collected on temperature, voltage, and current during the arc combustion process to achieve the full-process synchronous acquisition of multi-dimensional information of the arc fault during the live operation of the cable; by analyzing the pyrolysis characteristics of the cable insulation material, the key parameters for constructing the pyrolysis kinetic model are solved; based on magnetohydrodynamics and pyrolysis kinetics, a three-dimensional simulation model of the bidirectional coupling of the cable fault arc and insulation pyrolysis under the live operation of multiple cables is built; by analyzing the simulation data, the relationship between the arc temperature and the visualization index is studied, and combined with the arc image and sensor data, the Kalman filtering algorithm is used to predict the arc temperature distribution. Combining experiments, simulations, and arc temperature data, an arc characteristic database is established, and combined with the cable carbonization path image, the interaction law between the arc characteristics and the cable carbonization path is analyzed, laying a foundation for further revealing the development process of the cable fault arc.

[0006] The present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for predicting the cable arc temperature and analyzing the evolution of the carbonization path based on multi-dimensional information:

[0008] Collect the dynamic image of the cable fault arc, the evolution image of the carbonization path, and multi-sensor data through the multi-dimensional information synchronous acquisition system;

[0009] Construct a three-dimensional simulation model of the bidirectional coupling of the fault arc and insulation pyrolysis under the live operation of multiple cables, and the model is based on the magnetohydrodynamic equation and couples the arc plasma model, the cable insulation pyrolysis model, and the electromagnetic-fluid field model;

[0010] Based on the arc dynamic image and multi-sensor data, establish an arc feature data set, and combine the output of the Kalman filtering algorithm and the three-dimensional simulation model to predict the arc temperature distribution in real time;

[0011] Analyze the correlation between the arc feature data set and the evolution image of the carbonization path, and extract the interaction law between the arc and the carbonization path.

[0012] Further, the construction of the three-dimensional simulation model includes:

[0013] Build an arc plasma model through computational fluid dynamics software and electromagnetic finite element software;

[0014] Based on thermogravimetric experiments, thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined experiments, and scanning electron microscope experiments, establish a pyrolysis model of the cable insulation material, and analyze the pyrolysis products and residual carbon distribution;

[0015] Calculate the electromagnetic field parameters of the cable through electromagnetic finite element software, and solve the arc heat conduction and fluid parameters through computational fluid dynamics software;

[0016] Couple the arc plasma model, pyrolysis model and electromagnetic-fluid field model to achieve two-way coupling of multi-physical fields of circuit-arc-pyrolysis.

[0017] Furthermore, the pyrolysis model solves the activation energy and pre-exponential factor through the model-free function method, and constructs the pyrolysis kinetic equation of the cable insulation material.

[0018] Furthermore, the magnetohydrodynamic equations include the mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equation, energy conservation equation and Maxwell's equations, and the Stefan-Boltzmann radiation model is introduced into the energy conservation equation to calculate the arc energy distribution.

[0019] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional information synchronous acquisition system includes:

[0020] A cable arc generating device, which consists of a high-voltage circuit and a cable with a notch, is used to simulate the cable breakage arc fault;

[0021] A high-speed digital image acquisition module, configured with multiple high-speed cameras and narrow-band filter plates, is used to suppress arc light interference and acquire multi-angle arc dynamic images and carbonization path images;

[0022] A multi-dimensional information acquisition module, which synchronously acquires temperature, voltage, current and arc power data.

[0023] Furthermore, the high-speed camera is triggered by a synchronous control module and maintains time sequence synchronization with the working condition control signal of the arc generating device.

[0024] Furthermore, the observed quantities of the Kalman filter algorithm include arc energy, arc power, arc area and temperature field parameters output by the three-dimensional simulation model, and the 6 indexes with the highest correlation are selected as input variables through regression analysis.

[0025] Furthermore, the extraction of the interaction law includes:

[0026] Filter, denoise, grayscale and pseudo-color process the arc image, and extract the arc area, arc length and energy distribution characteristics;

[0027] Extract the path length, coverage rate and residual carbon distribution characteristics from the carbonization path image;

[0028] Based on the random forest algorithm, synchronously analyze the correlation between arc characteristics and carbonization path characteristics, and verify the law by combining the change of residual carbon amount in the three-dimensional simulation model.

[0029] And, a cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis system based on multi-dimensional information, comprising:

[0030] A multi-dimensional information synchronous acquisition module, configured to acquire dynamic images of cable fault arcs, carbonization path evolution images, and multi-sensor data;

[0031] A three-dimensional simulation modeling module, configured to construct a three-dimensional simulation model of bidirectional coupling between fault arcs and insulation pyrolysis under the energized operation of multiple cables, the model being based on magnetohydrodynamic equations and coupling an arc plasma model, a cable insulation pyrolysis model, and an electromagnetic-fluid field model;

[0032] A temperature prediction module, configured to establish an arc feature data set based on arc dynamic images and multi-sensor data, and output in combination with the Kalman filter algorithm and the three-dimensional simulation model to predict the arc temperature distribution in real time;

[0033] A pattern analysis module, configured to analyze the correlation between the arc feature data set and the carbonization path evolution image, and extract the interaction patterns between the arc and the carbonization path.

[0034] An electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps of a method for predicting the temperature of a cable arc and analyzing the evolution of a carbonization path based on multi-dimensional information as described above are implemented.

[0035] A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of a method for predicting the temperature of a cable arc and analyzing the evolution of a carbonization path based on multi-dimensional information as described above are implemented.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention and its preferred solutions have the following design points and beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. Build a cable arc generating device and a multi-dimensional information synchronous acquisition system to obtain arc images, cable carbonization path images, and multi-sensor data, and combine image processing technology and feature extraction technology to further obtain the evolution laws of arc characteristics and cable carbonization paths.

[0038] 2. Establish a three-dimensional simulation model of bidirectional coupling between fault arcs and insulation pyrolysis under the energized operation of multiple cables. Based on the simulation of circuit-arc-pyrolysis coupling, this model can simulate and calculate the arc ignition characteristics, the heat of the arc, the dynamic process of cable carbonization under the coupling of fluid, and the process of mutual ignition between cables.

[0039] 3. A real-time prediction method of arc temperature based on the Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed. The three-dimensional simulation model of the cable arc is used to obtain the arc temperature, arc power, arc energy, etc., and the relationship between the arc temperature and other visualization indexes is studied. Then, the actual arc power, arc energy and other related physical quantities are used as the input of the system, and the arc temperature is used as the state variable of the system. Combining the arc image and the simulation results of the three-dimensional model, the Kalman filtering algorithm is used to predict the actual arc temperature distribution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:

[0041] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cable arc generating device and the multi-dimensional information synchronous acquisition system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 Flow chart of arc image processing according to the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0043] In the following, specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. According to these detailed descriptions, those skilled in the art can clearly understand the present application and can implement the present application. Without departing from the principle of the present application, the features in different embodiments can be combined to obtain a new implementation manner, or some features in some embodiments can be replaced to obtain other preferred implementation manners.

[0044] In order to make the features and advantages of the present patent more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments are given below and detailed descriptions are made in conjunction with the drawings as follows:

[0045] The following are the specific implementation steps of the embodiment solution of the present invention:

[0046] (1) Cable arc generating device and multi-dimensional information synchronous acquisition system

[0047] When a damaged cable has an intermittent fault arc and finally develops into a continuous arc fault, it is a complex process with multiple factors and multiple stages, which is a coupling process of multiple physical and chemical reactions such as arc combustion, pyrolysis of the cable insulation layer, and formation of a carbonization path. However, the fault arc and carbonization path caused by the damage have extremely strong concealment and randomness, and their development process is relatively slow in actual working conditions, making it difficult to study. In order to study the interaction of each stage, the present invention first builds a cable arc generating device and a multi-dimensional information acquisition system to realize the synchronous acquisition of multi-dimensional data of cable arc faults. The system consists of a cable fault arc generating device, a host computer, a synchronous control module, a high-speed digital image acquisition module, an image processing module, and a multi-dimensional information acquisition module.

[0048] AsFigure 1 As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the cable arc generating device consists of a high-voltage circuit and a cable with a notch, which can simulate the process of arc faults caused by cable damage in reality. The high-speed digital image acquisition module consists of multiple high-speed cameras, which are responsible for acquiring dynamic images of cable fault arcs and evolution images of the carbonization path of the cable from different angles. Since the strong arc light will affect the shooting of the cable carbonization path, arc light suppression is achieved through a high-frequency laser diode emitter and a narrowband filter installed on the high-speed camera lens.

[0049] During system operation, the operator issues commands on the upper computer to control the cable arc generating device to generate arc faults under different working conditions. At the same time, the multi-dimensional information acquisition module is synchronously triggered to acquire digital images and multi-sensor data. Finally, the data is transmitted to the upper computer using a high-speed acquisition card for waveform display, image processing, and feature extraction.

[0050] (2) 3D simulation model of multi-cable live operation with bidirectional coupling of fault arc and insulation pyrolysis

[0051] Currently, the magnetohydrodynamic model of cable fault arcs only stays at the simulation and calculation of single-cable arc faults. To study the situation where a cable fault arc further ignites the surrounding cables and then causes arc faults in multiple cables, the present invention establishes a 3D simulation model of single-cable and multi-cable live operation based on magnetohydrodynamics. A simulation scheme of circuit-arc-pyrolysis coupling is proposed: First, based on magnetohydrodynamics, an arc plasma model is built using computational fluid dynamics software and electromagnetic finite element software; then, the pyrolysis process and products of the cable insulation layer are analyzed through thermogravimetric experiments, and a pyrolysis model is established; then, a cable electromagnetic field and fluid field model are built using ANSYS to calculate the electromagnetic field parameters of the cable and parameters such as the thermal conductivity and fluid of the cable arc; finally, the coupling control module, electromagnetic module, and fluid module are coupled to realize the coupling process of circuit-arc-pyrolysis.

[0052] The carbonization path is one of the products of cable insulation pyrolysis, and its formation and evolution laws are closely related to the pyrolysis characteristics of the insulation layer. In addition, the gas products generated by insulation pyrolysis and the carbonization path remaining in the cable will affect the dynamic characteristics of the arc. Therefore, when establishing a cable arc numerical simulation model, the pyrolysis characteristics of the insulation material need to be combined. The present invention uses comprehensive multiphase physical property characterization test methods such as thermogravimetric (TG) experiments, thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) experiments, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) microscopic morphology photography experiments to study the pyrolysis characteristics of cable insulation materials, analyze their heat loss laws and gas products. The residual carbon structure distribution of the cable under the influence of the arc heat source is photographed, and at the same time, the kinetic model of its pyrolysis process is established by combining the model-free function method to solve the kinetic key parameters - activation energy and pre-exponential factor.

[0053] Magnetohydrodynamics involves the iterative calculation of the characteristic parameter exchange between multiple physical fields such as air flow, electricity, magnetism, and heat, and different fields. It consists of the mass conservation equation, the momentum conservation equation, the energy conservation equation, and the Maxwell equations, as shown in equations (1)-(5). The present invention combines the pyrolysis process of cable insulation materials and proposes the above-mentioned circuit-arc-pyrolysis coupling scheme to establish a three-dimensional simulation model of low-voltage cable fault arcs, study the cable arc morphology and the formation process of the carbonization path of the cable under the action of the arc, obtain physical quantities such as the arc temperature field, electric field, arc morphology, and brightness distribution, as well as the evolution of the pyrolysis and carbonization products of the cable under the high-temperature ablation action of the arc, and preliminarily explain the process of arc development and cable carbonization, laying a foundation for studying and verifying the interaction law between the arc and cable carbonization.

[0054] ① Mass conservation equation

[0055]

[0056] In the formula, ρ is the arc plasma density, which is a function of temperature; t is time; U is the arc plasma velocity vector.

[0057] ② Momentum conservation equation

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, μ is the dynamic viscosity; p is the pressure; J is the current density; B is the magnetic induction intensity.

[0060] ③ Energy conservation equation

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, T is the temperature; λ is the thermal conductivity; C p is the constant-pressure heat capacity; E is the electric field strength; S rad is the total radiation energy. The total radiation energy is represented by the Stefan-Boltzmann radiation model, and the expression is

[0063] S rad =4α0k(T 4 -T0 4 ) (4)

[0064] In the formula, α0 is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant; k is the attenuation coefficient; T0 is the initial ambient temperature.

[0065] ④ Maxwell's equations

[0066]

[0067] In the formula, H is the magnetic field strength; D is the electric displacement vector.

[0068] (3) Real-time prediction of cable arc temperature

[0069] The arc is one of the important inducements for cable carbonization. Under the action of high-temperature arcs, the cable insulation layer undergoes pyrolysis and forms a carbonization path at the damaged part. The arc temperature will affect the pyrolysis characteristics of the cable insulation material. Monitoring the change of arc temperature is of great practical significance for studying the evolution of the carbonization path and even the occurrence of electrical fires. However, due to the excessively high arc temperature, it is impossible to directly monitor its change trend with a temperature sensor, and it is not practical to measure the arc temperature in real time using diagnostic methods such as emission spectroscopy. The present invention utilizes the multi-dimensional data collected by the experimental platform, combines the Kalman filtering algorithm and the three-dimensional model simulation results to achieve arc temperature prediction. Arc characteristic quantities such as arc temperature are obtained through the three-dimensional cable arc simulation model. Combining regression analysis, the change relationship between them and directly collectable or calculable indicators such as arc energy, arc power, arc area, and ambient temperature is studied, and the correlation is calculated. Then, the six indicators with the highest correlation are used as the observed quantities for arc temperature prediction.

[0070] The Kalman filtering algorithm is implemented as shown in equations (6)-(12). The highly correlated indicators such as the actually monitored arc energy and arc power are used as the input of the system, and the arc temperature is used as the state variable of the system. The Kalman filtering algorithm is used to predict the actual arc temperature. At the same time, the actual arc temperature distribution is predicted by comprehensively considering the arc image and the three-dimensional model simulation results, so as to realize the indirect measurement of the arc temperature.

[0071] The spatial state model of the Kalman filtering algorithm is as follows:

[0072] X k =A k-1 X k-1 +B k-1 U k-1 +W k-1 (6)

[0073] Z k =H k X k +V k (7)

[0074] In the formula, k is the discrete time; X is the state variable of the system at different times; Z is the observed variable of the system; A is the state transition matrix; B is the control input matrix; U is the system input matrix; H is the observation matrix; W and V are random variables, indicating the existence of process noise and observation noise, and their noise covariances are Q and R respectively.

[0075] The implementation steps of the Kalman algorithm are as follows:

[0076] Step 1: Deduce the state variable

[0077] X k = AX k-1 + BU k-1 (8)

[0078] Step 2: Calculate the error covariance matrix

[0079]

[0080] Step 3: Calculate the Kalman gain

[0081]

[0082] Step 4: Update the state estimate

[0083]

[0084] Step 5: Error covariance matrix

[0085]

[0086] (4) Analysis of the dynamic process of cable arc and the evolution of cable carbonization path

[0087] The interaction between cable carbonization and arc is a coupling process of multiple factors and multiple characteristics. By combining the changes in arc characteristic quantities with the evolution of cable carbonization path, the interaction relationship between the two can be further revealed, and then new means can be provided for the process and prediction of electrical fires caused by faulty arcs. The implementation steps are as follows:

[0088] First, based on image processing technology, the collected dynamic arc images and cable carbonization path images are subjected to feature extraction and analysis to complete the construction of the arc characteristics and cable carbonization path feature sets. As Figure 2 shown, after the arc images are filtered, denoised, and grayscale processed, the arc area is segmented and extracted, and arc morphological characteristics such as arc area, contour perimeter, and arc length are calculated. At the same time, the grayscale arc images are subjected to pseudo-color processing to increase the distinguishability of the arc image energy distribution characteristics. In addition, based on multi-channel sensor data, electrical characteristic quantities such as arc power, arc energy, and waveform distortion rate are calculated. Finally, an arc feature data set is constructed by integrating the morphological characteristics of arc images, the electrical characteristics of arcs, arc temperature, and temperature sensor data. Similarly, the cable carbonization path map is processed similarly, and the carbonization path area, coverage rate, path length, etc. are extracted as feature quantities.

[0089] Second, based on the three-dimensional simulation model of cable arc, analyze the changes in pyrolysis products, residual carbon content, and pyrolysis region with the arc action time and cable incision width, and preliminarily study the interaction relationship between cable arc and carbonization path.

[0090] Finally, combining the constructed electric arc feature dataset with the evolution characteristics of the cable carbonization path, the electric arc characteristics and the evolution law of the cable carbonization path are analyzed. Random forest is an effective method for studying non-linear complex relationships and is suitable for analyzing the variable relationships of multi-dimensional feature sets. Based on the constructed electric arc features and cable carbonization datasets, the present invention uses random forest to synchronously analyze the two feature sets, and combines the simulation results of the cable electric arc model to further reveal the law of the evolution of the electric arc and the cable carbonization path.

[0091] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer device, which includes: one or more processors, and a memory for storing one or more computer programs; the program includes program instructions, and the processor is used to execute the program instructions stored in the memory. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or may also be other general-purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing core and control core of the terminal, and is used to implement one or more instructions. Specifically, it is used to load and execute one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to implement the above method.

[0092] It should be further noted that, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when run by a processor, executes the above method. The storage medium may be any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may, for example, but is not limited to, be an electrical, magnetic, optical, electro-magnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the above. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read-Only Memory (ROM), an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In the present invention, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program, and the program may be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0093] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0094] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

[0095] This patent is not limited to the above best embodiment. Anyone inspired by this patent can obtain other various forms of a method for predicting the cable arc temperature and analyzing the evolution of the carbonization path based on multi-dimensional information. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope covered by this patent.

Claims

1. A cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis method based on multi-dimensional information, characterized in that: The cable fault arc dynamic image, carbonization path evolution image and multi-sensor data are collected through the multi-dimensional information synchronous acquisition system; A three-dimensional simulation model of bidirectional coupling between fault arc and insulation pyrolysis under energized operation of multiple cables is constructed, wherein the model is based on magnetohydrodynamic equations and is coupled with an arc plasma model, a cable insulation pyrolysis model, and an electromagnetic-fluid field model; Based on arc dynamic images and multi-sensor data, an arc feature data set is established, and the arc temperature distribution is predicted in real time by combining the Kalman filter algorithm and the three-dimensional simulation model output; The correlation between the arc feature data set and the carbonization path evolution image is analyzed to extract the interaction law between the arc and the carbonization path.

2. The cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis method based on multi-dimensional information according to claim 1 is characterized by: The construction of the three-dimensional simulation model includes: Building arc plasma model through computational fluid dynamics software and electromagnetic finite element software; Based on thermogravimetric experiments, thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments and scanning electron microscopy experiments, a pyrolysis model of cable insulation materials was established to analyze the pyrolysis products and residual carbon distribution. The electromagnetic field parameters of the cable are calculated by electromagnetic finite element software, and the arc thermal conductivity and fluid parameters are solved by computational fluid dynamics software; The arc plasma model, pyrolysis model and electromagnetic-fluid field model are coupled to realize the bidirectional coupling of multi-physics fields of circuit-arc-pyrolysis.

3. The cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis method based on multi-dimensional information according to claim 2 is characterized by: The pyrolysis model solves the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor by a model-free function method, and constructs a pyrolysis kinetic equation of the cable insulation material.

4. The cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis method based on multi-dimensional information according to claim 2 is characterized by: The magnetohydrodynamic equations include mass conservation equations, momentum conservation equations, energy conservation equations and Maxwell equations, wherein the energy conservation equation introduces the Stefan-Boltzmann radiation model to calculate arc energy distribution.

5. The cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis method based on multi-dimensional information according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-dimensional information synchronous acquisition system comprises: Cable arc generating device, consisting of a high voltage circuit and a cable with a cutout, used to simulate a cable breakage arc fault; High-speed digital image acquisition module, equipped with multiple high-speed cameras and narrow-band filters, is used to suppress arc interference and acquire multi-angle arc dynamic images and carbonization path images; Multi-dimensional information acquisition module, synchronously collects temperature, voltage, current and arc power data.

6. The cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis method based on multi-dimensional information according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-speed camera is triggered by a synchronous control module and keeps timing synchronization with the working condition control signal of the arc generating device.

7. The cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis method based on multi-dimensional information according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observed quantities of the Kalman filter algorithm include arc energy, arc power, arc area and temperature field parameters output by a three-dimensional simulation model, and the six indicators with the highest correlation are selected as input variables through regression analysis.

8. The cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis method based on multi-dimensional information according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction of the interaction law includes: Perform filtering, noise reduction, grayscale and pseudo-color processing on the arc image to extract the arc area, arc length and energy distribution characteristics; Extract path length, coverage and residual carbon distribution characteristics from the carbonization path image; The correlation between arc characteristics and carbonization path characteristics is analyzed synchronously based on the random forest algorithm, and the changes in residual carbon content of the three-dimensional simulation model are used to verify the law.

9. A cable arc temperature prediction and carbonization path evolution analysis system based on multi-dimensional information, characterized in that: include: Multi-dimensional information synchronous acquisition module, used to collect cable fault arc dynamic images, carbonization path evolution images and multi-sensor data; A three-dimensional simulation modeling module is used to construct a three-dimensional simulation model of bidirectional coupling between fault arc and insulation pyrolysis under energized operation of multiple cables. The model is based on magnetohydrodynamic equations and couples arc plasma model, cable insulation pyrolysis model and electromagnetic-fluid field model. Temperature prediction module, which is used to establish arc feature data set based on arc dynamic image and multi-sensor data, and predict arc temperature distribution in real time by combining Kalman filter algorithm and 3D simulation model output; The law analysis module is used to analyze the correlation between the arc feature data set and the carbonization path evolution image, and to extract the interaction law between the arc and the carbonization path.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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