Method and device for measuring propagator without pointer, computer equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of quantum computing, in particular to a method and device for measuring a propagator without a pointer, computer equipment and a storage medium, and the method for measuring the propagator without the pointer comprises the steps: carrying out the position selection of target incident light, and obtaining a first spatial position; performing phase modulation on an initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position to obtain a plurality of modulated initial states and a first moment; in a preset evolution region, performing free evolution on each initial state according to the evolution operator to obtain a final state corresponding to each initial state; according to the final state corresponding to each initial state and the second moment, measuring the post-selection position to obtain a plurality of final state wave functions; and calculating the plurality of final-state wave functions to obtain a target propagator and a real part and an imaginary part corresponding to the target propagator. According to the invention, the measurement operation of the propagator is simplified, the number of required measurement times and the complexity of data processing are reduced, the efficiency is improved, and interference and measurement errors generated by interaction of the pointer and the system are eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of quantum computing, and in particular, to a method, apparatus, computer device, and storage medium for measuring a propagator without a pointer. Background Art

[0002] Since the birth of quantum mechanics, various representations have been developed. In 1948, Feynman proposed the path integral representation, which is the third representation method after Schrödinger wave mechanics and Heisenberg matrix mechanics, and is considered to be one of the extremely important theories in theoretical physics. In this theory, the propagator, as a core physical quantity, describes the transition amplitude between two spacetime points. By integrating the wave function and the propagator, the evolution of the quantum state can be derived. The path integral representation expresses the propagator as the sum of all possible paths, providing a direct physical interpretation, and its expression is covariant in four-dimensional space. Since the propagator is directly represented by a functional integral, the problem of finding its approximate form is transformed into the problem of finding the approximate form of the functional integral, which enables the path integral method to effectively calculate the energy and other physical quantities of a quantum mechanical system, solve complex quantum mechanical problems, and obtain accurate conclusions.

[0003] In order to apply the path integral method to practice, it is crucial to realize the experimental measurement of the propagator. Both the propagator and the wave function are complex-valued quantities, and the weak measurement technique is an effective means of measuring such physical quantities. Compared with the traditional quantum state tomography technique, the weak measurement method has the advantages of simplicity and directness, without the need for a large number of measurement times and complex reconstruction algorithms. However, the weak measurement requires that the coupling strength between the system and the pointer is extremely small, resulting in a weak signal strength, which is not conducive to measurement in a system with a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Research has found that weak coupling is not a necessary condition, and the strong measurement method provides higher measurement accuracy while maintaining simplicity and directness.

[0004] Inspired by the wave function measurement method, researchers designed an experimental scheme for measuring the propagator. By corresponding the real part and the imaginary part of the propagator to experimentally observable quantities, the direct measurement of the propagator was realized, providing the possibility for experimental research on quantum phenomena related to path integrals. However, existing propagator measurement schemes usually require coupling the quantum system with the pointer state, which not only increases the dimension of the system and the complexity of manipulation, but also sometimes makes it difficult to construct a suitable pointer state. Especially when using photons as the quantum system, although the polarization state can be used as a pointer, for other quantum systems, it may be difficult to find a suitable pointer state. In addition, the introduction and operation of the pointer system may increase the measurement error and affect the accuracy of the final result. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An object of an embodiment of the present application is to provide a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for measuring a propagator without a pointer, so as to solve the technical problem that the traditional propagator measurement scheme requires the quantum system to be measured to be coupled with an additional pointer state, and it is sometimes difficult to construct a suitable pointer. In a photon system, the polarization state can be used as a pointer, but for other quantum systems, it may not be possible to find a suitable pointer state.

[0006] In a first aspect, a method for measuring a propagator without a pointer is provided, which is applied to a measurement system and includes:

[0007] Perform position selection on a target incident light to obtain a first spatial position, where the first spatial position is the position where spatial phase modulation starts;

[0008] According to the first spatial position, perform phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light to obtain multiple modulated initial states and a first moment, where the first moment is the instant moment corresponding to the completion of modulation, and each of the multiple initial states corresponds to a different phase modulation;

[0009] In a preset evolution region, perform free evolution on each of the initial states according to an evolution operator to obtain a final state corresponding to each of the initial states. The evolution operator represents the evolution process of each initial state from the first moment to a second moment, where the second moment is the moment when the evolution ends, and the multiple final states correspond to different second spatial positions;

[0010] According to the final state corresponding to each initial state and the second moment, perform measurement of the post-selection position to obtain multiple final state wave functions;

[0011] Perform calculations on the multiple final state wave functions to obtain a target propagator and the real part and imaginary part corresponding to the target propagator. The target propagator represents the probability amplitude of evolving from the first spatial position and the first moment to the second spatial position and the second moment.

[0012] In a second aspect, a device for measuring a propagator without a pointer is provided, which is applied to a measurement system. The device includes:

[0013] A selection unit, configured to perform position selection on a target incident light to obtain a first spatial position, where the first spatial position is the position where spatial phase modulation starts;

[0014] A modulation unit, configured to perform phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position to obtain multiple modulated initial states and a first moment, where the first moment is the instant moment corresponding to the completion of modulation, and each of the multiple initial states corresponds to a different phase modulation;

[0015] An evolution unit, configured to freely evolve each initial state within a preset evolution region according to an evolution operator, to obtain a final state corresponding to each initial state, where the evolution operator represents the evolution process of each initial state from the first moment to the second moment, the second moment being the moment when the evolution ends, and the multiple final states correspond to different second spatial positions;

[0016] A measurement unit, configured to perform measurement on the post-selection position according to the final state corresponding to each initial state and the target incident light corresponding to the second moment, to obtain multiple final state wave functions;

[0017] A calculation unit, configured to calculate the multiple final state wave functions, to obtain a target propagator and the real part and the imaginary part corresponding to the target propagator, where the target propagator represents the probability amplitude of evolving from the first spatial position and the first moment to the second spatial position and the second moment.

[0018] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, including:

[0019] At least one processor; and,

[0020] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0021] The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and when the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor is enabled to execute the method as described in the first aspect.

[0022] In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the processor is enabled to execute the method as described in the first aspect.

[0023] In the solutions implemented by the above method, apparatus, computer device, and storage medium for measuring the propagator without a pointer, first, the position of the target incident light is selected to determine the first spatial position, which helps to precisely control the starting point of the light beam in space, thus providing an accurate reference point for subsequent spatial phase modulation and optimizing the starting conditions of the experiment. Second, phase modulation is performed according to the first spatial position to generate multiple initial states. This flexibility allows for modulation of different phases, enabling exploration and measurement of different quantum state evolution paths. By defining the first moment and the second moment, precise control on the time axis is ensured, and by freely evolving each initial state to obtain the final state, the repeatability of the experiment is improved because the evolution process of each initial state is based on the same evolution operator, ensuring the reliability of the experimental results. Further, by measuring the post-selected position at the second moment, the final state wave function can be directly obtained, improving the recognition and measurement accuracy of the final state and ensuring the reliability of the measurement results. Finally, by calculating multiple final state wave functions, the real and imaginary parts of the target propagator can be extracted, enabling precise measurement of the probability amplitude evolving from the first spatial position and the first moment to the second spatial position and the second moment. This solution simplifies the measurement operation of the propagator, reduces the number of required measurements and the complexity of data processing, improves efficiency, eliminates systematic interference and measurement errors caused by the interaction between the pointer and the system, and simultaneously breaks the limitations caused by the additional introduction of a pointer. Description of the Drawings

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for measuring the propagator without a pointer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2A It is a schematic diagram of a scenario for measuring the propagator without a pointer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2B It is an evolution schematic diagram in the measurement of the propagator without a pointer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2C It is a schematic diagram comparing the experimental measurement results and theoretical calculation results of the propagator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus for measuring the propagator without a pointer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0031] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0032] It should be noted that if there is no conflict, the various features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, and all are within the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, although functional module division is performed in the device schematic diagram and the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order from the module division in the device or the flowchart. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. used in the present application do not limit the data and execution order, but only distinguish the same items or similar items with basically the same functions and effects.

[0033] The present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0034] The technical solution of the present application can be applied to the quantum measurement scenario.

[0035] In view of this, the present application proposes a method for non-pointer measurement propagator to solve the above problems. The following is a specific introduction.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is a flowchart of a method for non-pointer measurement propagator provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0037] S10. Perform position selection on the target incident light to obtain a first spatial position, where the first spatial position is the position where spatial phase modulation starts.

[0038] Among them, S10-S50 are applied in the test system, and the test system includes a half-wave plate HWP, a polarization beam splitter PBS, a spatial light modulator SLM, a beam splitter prism BS, a 4f imaging system composed of two convex lenses with a focal length f = 150 mm, a CCD camera, etc.

[0039] Among them, for the specific experimental scenario diagram of the test system, please refer to Figure 2A in (a) of Figure 2A which is a schematic diagram of the non-pointer measurement propagator scenario.

[0040] Specifically, a half-wave plate (HWP) is used to adjust the polarization state of incident light. By rotating the half-wave plate, the polarization direction of light can be precisely controlled, thereby optimizing the subsequent polarization beam splitting and phase modulation processes; a polarization beam splitter is used to separate light of different polarization states. It can split the polarized light output by the half-wave plate into two beams, usually horizontally and vertically polarized light, for further modulation and processing; a spatial light modulator is used to dynamically modulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of the incident light wavefront. In the test system, the SLM is used to achieve phase modulation, thereby controlling the propagation path and mode of the light beam; a beam splitter prism (BS) is used to split the light beam into two parts for optical processing on different paths. The BS plays a role in optical path distribution and integration in the system, ensuring that light from different optical paths can be recombined at a specific position; a 4f imaging system: A 4f imaging system composed of two convex lenses with a focal length f = 150 mm is used to achieve spatial frequency separation and imaging. In this system, the first lens images the phase modulation pattern on the SLM onto its rear focal plane, and the second lens then images the image on this focal plane onto the CCD camera again, thereby achieving high-resolution spatial mode analysis; a CCD camera is used to capture the light intensity distribution after modulation and evolution. The high resolution and sensitivity of the CCD camera enable it to accurately record the spatial distribution of light, providing basic data for subsequent wave function extraction and propagator calculation.

[0041] Therefore, through the collaborative work of these components, the test system can achieve the following functions: controlling and modulating the polarization and phase states of incident light. Achieving spatial mode conversion and imaging of the light beam. Separating and selecting specific light beam components for further analysis. Recording and analyzing the light intensity distribution with high precision to study the propagation characteristics of light and the performance of the optical system.

[0042] Among them, position selection is to determine the specific position of the light beam in space so as to start spatial phase modulation at this position. The following is the detailed process: a. Beam positioning: Using lenses, mirrors, diaphragms, or other optical elements to guide the light beam to a predetermined spatial position. This position is usually a specific area on a spatial light modulator (SLM) or other modulation devices. b. Precision alignment: By using a precision displacement stage, microscope, or other observation tools, adjust the position of the optical elements to ensure that the light beam is precisely aligned with the selected spatial position. c. Determination of the first spatial position: Once the light beam is precisely positioned at the desired position, this position is defined as the first spatial position. In a spatial phase modulation experiment, this position is where the light beam begins to undergo phase modulation, and it is the starting point for subsequent experimental steps.

[0043] Among them, at a determined first spatial position, a spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to perform phase modulation on light. The SLM realizes precise modulation of the entire light beam wavefront by controlling the phase change of each pixel.

[0044] In practical applications, a horizontal line with a width of 1 pixel (12.5 μm) is set on the SLM screen. The gray value of the horizontal line part is set to the gray value corresponding to the phase θ, and the gray value of the remaining part is set to the gray value at zero phase. The relative position of the horizontal line to the light spot is adjusted to select the first spatial position x to be phase-modulated. a 。

[0045] It can be seen that in this embodiment, selecting a suitable spatial position is crucial for the effect of phase modulation. It ensures the correct incident angle and position of light on the modulator, thereby achieving the best phase modulation effect.

[0046] In a possible example, before performing position selection on the target incident light to obtain the first spatial position, the method further includes: obtaining a preset incident light; performing polarization processing on the preset incident light to obtain the processed target incident light.

[0047] Among them, obtaining a preset incident light means generating or selecting a light beam with specific characteristics from a light source. The specific characteristics include but are not limited to wavelength, intensity, phase, and polarization state. The preset incident light usually needs to meet the specific requirements of experiments or applications. This process may involve the following steps: a. Selecting a light source: Selecting a suitable light source according to experimental requirements, such as a laser, LED, or natural light. b. Beam shaping: Using lenses, diaphragms, or other optical elements to shape the light beam to ensure that the light beam has the required cross-sectional shape and size. c. Wavelength screening: If light of a specific wavelength is required, a filter or other wavelength selection device can be used to screen out the required light.

[0048] Specifically, the preset incident light adopts a transverse Gaussian light with a wavelength λ = 795 nm.

[0049] Among them, polarization processing means changing the polarization state of the light beam to meet the requirements of experiments or applications. This process can be achieved through the following steps: a. Using a polarization beam splitter to select the polarization direction of the light beam through the polarization beam splitter. For example, if horizontally polarized light is required, the transmission axis direction of the polarization beam splitter is adjusted to horizontal; b. Polarization state adjustment: Using a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate to further adjust the polarization state of the light beam. The half-wave plate can change the polarization direction of polarized light, and the quarter-wave plate can be used to convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light; c. Polarization control: By rotating the half-wave plate and the quarter-wave plate, the polarization state of the output light can be precisely controlled to meet the experimental requirements.

[0050] Among them, the processed target incident light refers to the light that obtains a pure polarization state after polarization processing.

[0051] In the actual process, the preset incident light uses a transverse Gaussian light with a wavelength λ = 795 nm. After passing through a half-wave plate HWP and a polarization beam splitter PBS to obtain a pure polarization state, it is incident on a spatial light modulator SLM.

[0052] It can be seen that in this embodiment, through the fine polarization processing and position selection of the preset incident light, it becomes the target incident light suitable for the experimental requirements, laying a foundation for subsequent spatial phase modulation and propagator measurement.

[0053] S20. According to the first spatial position, perform phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light to obtain multiple modulated initial states and a first moment. The first moment is the instantaneous moment corresponding to the completion of the modulation, and each of the multiple initial states corresponds to a different phase modulation.

[0054] Among them, the initial wave function describes the wave characteristics of the incident light at the first spatial position, including amplitude, phase, and wavefront shape. Phase modulation is a process of affecting the propagation path and interference pattern of light waves by changing the phase of light waves.

[0055] Among them, the instant when each phase modulation is completed is defined as the first moment. This is a crucial time point, marking the initial generation of the optical state. The modulated optical state (initial state) has a specific phase and amplitude distribution, providing a basis for subsequent free evolution and measurement.

[0056] Among them, reference can be made to Figure 2A as the schematic diagram of the scenario for measuring the propagator without a pointer, Figure 2A and (b) in

[0057] is the schematic diagram of spatial light phase modulation.

[0058] Specifically, at the initial moment t a , for a particle with a wave function of |ψ(x, t a )> at x a , perform spatial phase modulation to obtain the initial state as follows

[0059]

[0060] It can be seen that through this phase modulation process in this embodiment, multiple different optical initial states can be generated in a relatively short time, providing diverse experimental conditions for quantum state evolution and propagator measurement.

[0061] In a possible example, performing phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position to obtain multiple modulated initial states and a first moment includes: obtaining a first preset modulation phase set, where the first preset modulation phase set includes a first modulation phase, a second modulation phase, and a third modulation phase; performing phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position and the first modulation phase to obtain a first modulated initial state and a first moment; or, performing phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position and the second modulation phase to obtain a second modulated initial state and a first moment; or, performing phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position and the third modulation phase to obtain a third modulated initial state and a first moment.

[0062] Among them, the first preset modulation phase set is a group of predefined phase values used to modulate the initial wave function of the incident light. These phase values can be discrete or continuous, depending on the experimental design and objectives.

[0063] Among them, the first modulation phase, the second modulation phase, and the third modulation phase are specific phase values in the set, which represent parameters for different degrees of phase shift of the light wave. For example, the first modulation phase can be θ = 0, the second modulation phase can be The third modulation phase can be

[0064] Among them, a spatial light modulator (SLM) or other phase modulation device is used to apply the first modulation phase to the incident light. The first modulated initial state is the state of the light wave after applying the first modulation phase, and the first moment refers to the instant when the phase modulation is completed. Similarly, the second modulation phase is applied to the incident light to obtain a different second modulated initial state. Each modulation is performed at the same first spatial position but with different modulation phases. The third modulation phase is applied to obtain another different third modulated initial state. Each initial state is a unique state of the light wave under specific phase modulation.

[0065] It can be seen that in this embodiment, multiple different initial states can be obtained through multi-modulation phase modulation. Each initial state corresponds to a different phase modulation, and these initial states will undergo free evolution in subsequent experimental steps to study the propagation characteristics of the light wave under different phase modulations.

[0066] S30. In a preset evolution region, perform free evolution on each initial state according to the evolution operator to obtain the final state corresponding to each initial state. The evolution operator represents the evolution process of each initial state from the first moment to the second moment, where the second moment is the end moment of the evolution, and the multiple final states correspond to different second spatial positions.

[0067] Among them, for the free evolution process and operation flow, refer to the appendix Figure 2B . Figure 2B It is a schematic diagram of the evolution in the pointerless measurement propagator.

[0068] Among them, the first moment is t a , and the second moment is t a . From t a evolving to t b , the evolution operator is The evolution operator is a mathematical tool used to calculate the changes in the quantum state during time evolution. The evolution operator is usually determined by the Hamiltonian of the system, which contains all the dynamic information of the system during the evolution process.

[0069] Among them, the preset evolution region refers to the spatial range where the optical state freely evolves in the experiment. Within this region, the optical state is not affected by external interference and can naturally evolve according to the laws of quantum mechanics.

[0070] Among them, the second moment is the moment when the evolution ends, marking the formation of the final state.

[0071] Among them, performing free evolution on each initial state means allowing the light wave to propagate naturally within the preset evolution region without additional phase modulation or interference.

[0072] Among them, after each initial state acts on the evolution operator, a corresponding final state will be obtained. The final state is the state of the light wave at the end time t b , which contains all the phase and amplitude change information of the light wave during the evolution process.

[0073] In a specific implementation, the particle enters free space for evolution, evolving from t a to t b . If the evolution operator is represented by , then the state of the system after evolution becomes

[0074] It can be seen that in this embodiment, through the free evolution within the preset evolution region, the dynamic changes of the optical state under different conditions can be observed and analyzed.

[0075] S40. According to the final state corresponding to each initial state and the second moment, perform a measurement on the post-selection position to obtain multiple final state wave functions.

[0076] Among them, the post-selection position measurement involves measuring the state of the light wave at a specific moment (the second moment) during the evolution process of the light wave. This measurement is performed after the light wave has undergone free evolution, so it is called "post-selection".

[0077] Specifically, the purpose of post-selection position measurement is to selectively measure the state of light waves at specific positions after the evolution process ends. This typically involves imaging the spatial distribution of light intensity to obtain the final state wave function.

[0078] Among them, since each initial state undergoes different evolution paths, the final states formed at the second moment are also different. By measuring multiple final states, multiple final state wave functions can be obtained. Each final state wave function contains the amplitude and phase information of the optical state, reflecting its change characteristics during the evolution process.

[0079] Specifically, the final state wave function can be expressed as follows:

[0080]

[0081] Among them is the propagator for the wave function evolving from x a to x b , which is abbreviated as K here ab .

[0082] It can be seen that in this embodiment, by measuring the final state wave function, the evolution process and spatial distribution characteristics of the optical state can be deeply understood.

[0083] S50. Calculate the multiple final state wave functions to obtain the target propagator and the real and imaginary parts corresponding to the target propagator. The target propagator represents the probability amplitude of evolving from the first spatial position and the first moment to the second spatial position and the second moment.

[0084] Among them, the target propagator is a concept in quantum mechanics, which represents the probability amplitude of light waves evolving from the initial position (the first spatial position) and the initial moment (the first moment) to the final position (the second spatial position) and the final moment (the second moment). Mathematically, the propagator is usually represented by the Green's function, which is the solution of the Schrödinger equation and describes the evolution of the wave function over time and space.

[0085] Among them, the real part of the target propagator is usually related to the symmetry and conservatism of the system, reflecting the conserved quantity in the quantum state evolution process. The imaginary part is related to the coherence and interference effects of the system, affecting the phase change and interference pattern of the quantum state. Through mathematical decomposition techniques (such as Fourier transform or Laplace transform), the propagator is decomposed into real and imaginary parts. This helps to deeply understand the dynamic characteristics and phase behavior of the system.

[0086] Among them, the propagator is directly related to the probability amplitude of the quantum state. Calculating the propagator can obtain the probability of the system transferring between different states.

[0087] Among them, Figure 2CSchematic diagram for comparing experimental measurement results and theoretical calculation results of the propagator. The dots in the figure represent the real part of K ab and the squares represent the imaginary part of K ab . The squares and dots respectively represent the real and imaginary parts of the propagator measured experimentally at the evolution time t = 20 mm / c. The solid and dashed lines are the real and imaginary parts of K ab obtained by theoretical calculation.

[0088] It can be seen that in this embodiment, by calculating the final state wave function, the target propagator and its corresponding real and imaginary parts can be obtained.

[0089] This method first selects the position of the target incident light and determines the first spatial position, which helps to accurately control the starting point of the light beam in space, thus providing an accurate reference point for subsequent spatial phase modulation and optimizing the starting conditions of the experiment. Secondly, phase modulation is performed according to the first spatial position to generate multiple initial states. This flexibility allows modulation of different phases, enabling exploration and measurement of different quantum state evolution paths. By defining the first and second moments, precise control on the time axis is ensured, and by freely evolving each initial state to obtain the final state, the repeatability of the experiment is improved because the evolution process of each initial state is based on the same evolution operator, ensuring the reliability of the experimental results. Further, by measuring the post-selection position at the second moment, the final state wave function can be directly obtained, improving the recognition and measurement accuracy of the final state and ensuring the reliability of the measurement results. Finally, by calculating multiple final state wave functions, the real and imaginary parts of the target propagator can be extracted, so that the probability amplitude evolving from the first spatial position and the first moment to the second spatial position and the second moment can be accurately measured. This scheme simplifies the measurement operation of the propagator, reduces the number of required measurements and the complexity of data processing, improves efficiency, eliminates systematic interference and measurement errors generated by the interaction between the pointer and the system, and at the same time breaks the limitations caused by the additional introduction of the pointer.

[0090] In a possible example, the post-selection position is measured according to the final state corresponding to each initial state and the target incident light corresponding to the second moment, obtaining a plurality of final state wave functions, including: obtaining the second spatial position of the final state corresponding to each initial state, where the final state corresponding to each initial state corresponds to a modulation phase; performing a Fourier transform on the target incident light corresponding to the second moment to obtain the light intensity distribution of the target incident light corresponding to the second moment, and the light intensity distribution reflects the intensity of the incident light in different transverse momentum states; according to the light intensity distribution, performing phase modulation on the light intensity distribution of the target incident light with a transverse momentum of 0 to obtain a plurality of modulated wave functions, where each modulated wave function in the plurality of modulated wave functions corresponds to a modulation phase; projecting the plurality of modulated wave functions onto corresponding target spatial positions to obtain a plurality of final state wave functions, where the modulation phase corresponding to the target spatial position is the same as the modulation phase corresponding to the modulated wave function, and the target spatial position is the second spatial position of the final state corresponding to any one of the each initial state.

[0091] Among them, after the light wave undergoes free evolution, each initial state will evolve into a specific final state, and this final state has its corresponding position in space, that is, the second spatial position. These positions are obtained through measurement, and usually a CCD camera or other photoelectric detectors are used to record the intensity distribution of the light wave in the preset evolution region, so as to determine the spatial position of each final state.

[0092] Among them, in the experiment, each initial state is obtained by applying different modulation phases. Therefore, each final state shares the same modulation phase information with its corresponding initial state. These modulation phases are preset and remain unchanged during the evolution process.

[0093] Among them, the Fourier transform is used to analyze the frequency components of a signal. Here, performing a Fourier transform on the target incident light at the second moment can obtain the intensity distribution of the light wave in different transverse momentum states, that is, the light intensity distribution. This process is usually achieved by calculation or using an optical Fourier transform device (such as a lens).

[0094] Among them, the light intensity distribution is the result of the Fourier transform, which shows the distribution of the light wave in the transverse momentum space. Different momentum states correspond to different frequency components of the light wave in space, and the light intensity distribution reveals the relative intensities of these components.

[0095] Among them, in the light intensity distribution obtained by the Fourier transform, the state with a transverse momentum of 0 corresponds to the direct current component of the light wave, that is, the central frequency component of the light wave. Performing phase modulation on this part can change the central phase of the light wave, thereby affecting the propagation characteristics of the entire light wave packet.

[0096] Among them, by performing different phase modulations on the light intensity distribution with zero transverse momentum, multiple different wave functions can be obtained. Each wave function corresponds to a specific modulation phase, and these wave functions will represent different states of the light wave after phase modulation.

[0097] Among them, projection refers to the process of corresponding the modulated wave function to the target spatial position. Since each modulated wave function has a corresponding modulation phase, these wave functions can be projected onto the second spatial position with the same modulation phase.

[0098] Among them, through the above projection process, multiple final-state wave functions can be obtained, and these wave functions represent the final states of the light wave during the evolution process. Each final-state wave function corresponds to a specific second spatial position and a specific modulation phase.

[0099] It can be seen that in this embodiment, through the free evolution, Fourier transform, phase modulation of the light wave, and projection of the wave function, the purpose is to study and control the propagation behavior of the light wave in space and the optical response under different phase modulations.

[0100] In a possible example, the step of performing phase modulation on the light intensity distribution of the target incident light with zero transverse momentum according to the light intensity distribution to obtain multiple modulated wave functions includes: obtaining a second preset modulation phase set, where the second preset modulation phase set includes a fourth modulation phase, a fifth modulation phase, and a sixth modulation phase; performing phase modulation on the target incident light with zero transverse momentum according to the fourth modulation phase and the light intensity distribution to obtain a modulated first wave function; or performing phase modulation on the target incident light with zero transverse momentum according to the fifth modulation phase and the light intensity distribution to obtain a modulated second wave function; or performing phase modulation on the target incident light with zero transverse momentum according to the sixth modulation phase and the light intensity distribution to obtain a modulated third wave function.

[0101] Among them, the second preset modulation phase set is a set of predefined phase values, and these phase values are used to perform phase modulation on the light wave. These phase values can be discrete or continuous, depending on the experimental design and objectives.

[0102] Among them, the fourth modulation phase, the fifth modulation phase, and the sixth modulation phase are specific phase values in the set, and they represent parameters for different degrees of phase shift of the light wave. For example, the fourth modulation phase can be θ = 0, the fifth modulation phase can be The sixth modulation phase can be

[0103] Among them, the state with zero transverse momentum usually refers to the direct current component or the zero-order Fourier component of the light wave, which corresponds to the central position of the light wave in space and has no transverse spatial frequency. Modulating the phase of this part can affect the overall phase of the light wave, thereby changing its propagation characteristics in space.

[0104] Among them, the fourth modulation phase is used to change the phase of the light wave in the state with zero transverse momentum. In this way, a new wave function, that is, the modulated first wave function, can be obtained, which will have different phase characteristics from the original wave function. Similarly, the fifth modulation phase is used to perform phase modulation on the light wave to obtain the modulated second wave function. The sixth modulation phase is used to perform phase modulation to obtain the modulated third wave function. This wave function will reflect the influence of the fifth modulation phase on the propagation of the light wave.

[0105] It can be seen that in this embodiment, by obtaining the second preset modulation phase set and performing phase modulation on the target incident light, the experiment can generate and manipulate multiple wave functions.

[0106] In a possible example, the calculating the target propagator and the real and imaginary parts corresponding to the target propagator from the multiple final-state wave functions includes: respectively performing probability calculation on each of the multiple final-state wave functions to obtain multiple probabilities, where the modulation phase of each probability in the multiple probabilities corresponds to the modulation phase in each of the final-state wave functions for which the calculation is performed; according to a pre-designed calculation formula, calculating the multiple probabilities to obtain the target propagator and the real and imaginary parts corresponding to the target propagator.

[0107] In a specific implementation, the pre-designed calculation formula is as follows:

[0108] Probability of the final-state wave function

[0109]

[0110] Taking different values for the phase θ It can be calculated that

[0111] P(0) = |ψ b | 2 ,

[0112]

[0113] Using P(0), It can be obtained that

[0114] This part is the real part

[0115] This part is the imaginary part.

[0116] Among them, |Kab | 2 is the modulus square of the propagator, which is a constant independent of spatial position and can be calculated from experimental conditions. In summary, the real and imaginary parts of can be obtained by measuring the expectations at different phases of θ.

[0117] Among them, each final-state wave function corresponds to a specific modulation phase. When calculating each probability, it is necessary to clarify the corresponding modulation phase to ensure the accuracy of subsequent analysis and calculation.

[0118] Among them, when calculating the target propagator, its real and imaginary parts are naturally separated. The real part is usually related to the conservation of probability, while the imaginary part is related to the change of phase and interference effects.

[0119] It can be seen that in this embodiment, by calculating the probabilities of each final-state wave function and combining with a pre-designed calculation formula, the target propagator and its corresponding real and imaginary parts can be accurately obtained.

[0120] The following is an example according to S10 - S50. The incident light is a transverse Gaussian light with a wavelength λ = 795 nm. After passing through a half-wave plate HWP and a polarization beam splitter PBS to obtain a pure polarization state, it is incident on a spatial light modulator SLM. The spatial light modulator can perform phase modulation on the incident light, which will cause a phase shift of the light at spatial position x a , equivalent to a unitary evolution such that the initial wave function |ψ(x,t a )> becomes A horizontal line with a width of 1 pixel (12.5 μm) is set on the SLM screen. The gray value of the horizontal line part is set to the gray value corresponding to the phase θ, and the gray value of the rest is set to the gray value at zero phase. By adjusting the relative position of the horizontal line to the light spot, the spatial position x to be phase-modulated can be selected a . The moment when the incident light is modulated on the SLM is denoted as time t a , that is, the starting moment of evolution. For the convenience of operation and observation, a beam splitter prism BS and a 4f imaging system composed of two convex lenses with a focal length f = 150 mm are placed on the optical path after reflection by the SLM modulation. The initial state |φ a > modulated by the 4f imaging system will be projected to the starting point of the evolution region, and then the light starts to freely evolve, and the evolution operator is The image formed after the light evolves for a period of time is captured by a CCD camera. The CCD is placed on a displacement stage, and the evolution time can be controlled by adjusting the moving distance of the displacement stage. The moment when the light reaches the CCD imaging surface is the end moment t of evolution bThe pixel positions on the CCD represent the projection positions of x. Performing horizontal gray-scale accumulation on the spot images captured by the CCD camera can represent the intensity distribution of light at different longitudinal positions x, which is proportional to the probability of the particle reaching this spatial position after free evolution. Therefore, a gray-scale superposition curve can be plotted using the imaging on the CCD to represent the probability curve of light at different spatial positions x after experiencing the time evolution from t b to t b -t a . By changing the gray-scale values of the horizontal lines on the SLM, three images with modulation phases of b are obtained. Plotting the probability curves P(0), at different phases, substituting and calculating, the value of K′ can be obtained, i.e., K′ ab =ψ * (x b , t b )K(x b , t b ; x a , t a )ψ(x a , t a ). The real and imaginary part curves of

[0121] K′ ab contain the wave function at time t b . Therefore, to further extract K(x b , t b ; x a , t a ), the wave function ψ(x b , t b ) needs to be measured. At time t b , a convex lens is placed in front of the SLM with a distance equal to the focal length of the convex lens. According to the Fourier transform property of the convex lens, the light intensity distribution at the SLM at this time is proportional to the transverse momentum distribution of light at time t b . Then, the SLM is used to perform phase modulation at the position of the optical axis of the lens, that is, to perform phase modulation on the part with zero transverse momentum. This process can be represented by the operator , and

[0122]

[0123] is obtained, where Φ(0, t b ) is the wave function with zero transverse momentum. Then, it is projected onto the post-selection position |x b >, and

[0124]

[0125] is obtained. Among them, when p0 = 0, And the momentum wave function Φ(0, t b ) is a constant, and the probability P0, P obtained when θ takes the value can be measured by the same method as before. + ,, P - and then calculate Φ * (0, t b )ψ(x b , t b )'s real and imaginary parts

[0126]

[0127] Im[Φ * (0, t b )ψ(x b , t b )] = P + - P -

[0128] Because Φ(0, t b ) is a constant, so taking any non - zero value of it does not affect the physical essence of the wave function. Thus, the wave function ψ(x b , t b ) can be measured, and in this way, ψ ab in K′ * (x b , t b ) can be eliminated. Taking ψ(x a , t a ) = 1 (when the starting position is fixed), finally, the K(x b , t b ; x a , t a ) to be measured is obtained.

[0129] It should be noted that in the above - mentioned various embodiments, there is not necessarily a certain order between the above - mentioned steps. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand according to the description of the embodiments of the present application that in different embodiments, the above - mentioned steps can have different execution orders, that is, they can be executed in parallel or exchanged, etc.

[0130] As another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application provide a device for measuring the propagator without a pointer. Among them, the device for measuring the propagator without a pointer can be a software module. The software module includes several instructions, which are stored in a memory, and a processor can access this memory and call the instructions for execution to complete the method for measuring the propagator without a pointer described in the above - mentioned various embodiments.

[0131] See Figure 3 , Figure 3It is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring a propagator without a pointer provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 3 shown, it is characterized in that the apparatus for measuring a propagator without a pointer includes:

[0132] A selection unit 301, configured to perform position selection on a target incident light to obtain a first spatial position, where the first spatial position is a position where spatial phase modulation starts;

[0133] A modulation unit 302, configured to perform phase modulation on an initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position to obtain a plurality of modulated initial states and a first moment, where the first moment is an instantaneous moment corresponding to the completion of modulation, and each of the plurality of initial states corresponds to a different phase modulation;

[0134] An evolution unit 303, configured to perform free evolution on each of the initial states according to an evolution operator in a preset evolution region to obtain a final state corresponding to each of the initial states, where the evolution operator represents an evolution process of each of the initial states from the first moment to a second moment, and the second moment is a moment when evolution ends, and the plurality of final states correspond to different second spatial positions;

[0135] A measurement unit 304, configured to perform measurement on a post-selection position according to the final state corresponding to each of the initial states and the target incident light corresponding to the second moment to obtain a plurality of final state wave functions;

[0136] A calculation unit 305, configured to calculate the plurality of final state wave functions to obtain a target propagator and a real part and an imaginary part corresponding to the target propagator, where the target propagator represents a probability amplitude of evolving from the first spatial position and the first moment to the second spatial position and the second moment.

[0137] This method first selects the position of the target incident light and determines the first spatial position, which helps to precisely control the starting point of the light beam in space, thus providing an accurate reference point for subsequent spatial phase modulation and optimizing the starting conditions of the experiment. Secondly, phase modulation is performed according to the first spatial position to generate multiple initial states. This flexibility allows for the modulation of different phases, enabling the exploration and measurement of different quantum state evolution paths. By defining the first moment and the second moment, precise control on the time axis is ensured. And by freely evolving each initial state to obtain the final state, the repeatability of the experiment is improved because the evolution process of each initial state is based on the same evolution operator, ensuring the reliability of the experimental results. Further, by measuring the post-selection position at the second moment, the final state wave function can be directly obtained, improving the recognition and measurement accuracy of the final state and ensuring the reliability of the measurement results. Finally, by calculating multiple final state wave functions, the real and imaginary parts of the target propagator can be extracted, enabling the precise measurement of the probability amplitude evolving from the first spatial position and the first moment to the second spatial position and the second moment. This scheme simplifies the measurement operation of the propagator, reduces the number of required measurements and the complexity of data processing, improves efficiency, eliminates the systematic interference and measurement errors generated by the interaction between the pointer and the system, and at the same time breaks the limitations caused by the additional introduction of the pointer.

[0138] In one embodiment, in the step of performing phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position to obtain multiple modulated initial states and the first moment, the selection unit 301 is further configured to: obtain a preset incident light; perform polarization processing on the preset incident light to obtain the processed target incident light.

[0139] In one embodiment, in the step of performing phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position to obtain multiple modulated initial states and the first moment, the modulation unit 302 is further configured to: obtain a first preset modulation phase set, where the first preset modulation phase set includes a first modulation phase, a second modulation phase, and a third modulation phase; perform phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position and the first modulation phase to obtain the first modulated initial state and the first moment; or perform phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position and the second modulation phase to obtain the second modulated initial state and the first moment; or perform phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position and the third modulation phase to obtain the third modulated initial state and the first moment.

[0140] In one embodiment, when measuring the post-selection position according to the final state corresponding to each initial state and the target incident light corresponding to the second moment to obtain a plurality of final state wave functions, the measurement unit 304 is further configured to: acquire the second spatial position of the final state corresponding to each initial state, where the final state corresponding to each initial state corresponds to a modulation phase; perform a Fourier transform on the target incident light corresponding to the second moment to obtain the light intensity distribution of the target incident light corresponding to the second moment, where the light intensity distribution reflects the intensity of the incident light in different transverse momentum states; according to the light intensity distribution, perform phase modulation on the light intensity distribution of the target incident light with a transverse momentum of 0 to obtain a plurality of modulated wave functions, where each modulated wave function in the plurality of modulated wave functions corresponds to a modulation phase; project the plurality of modulated wave functions onto corresponding target spatial positions to obtain a plurality of final state wave functions, where the modulation phase corresponding to the target spatial position is the same as the modulation phase corresponding to the modulated wave function, and the target spatial position is the second spatial position of any final state corresponding to each initial state.

[0141] In one embodiment, when performing phase modulation on the light intensity distribution of the target incident light with a transverse momentum of 0 according to the light intensity distribution to obtain a plurality of modulated wave functions, the measurement unit 304 is further configured to: acquire a second preset modulation phase set, where the second preset modulation phase set includes a fourth modulation phase, a fifth modulation phase, and a sixth modulation phase; according to the fourth modulation phase and the light intensity distribution, perform phase modulation on the target incident light with a transverse momentum of 0 to obtain a modulated first wave function; or, according to the fifth modulation phase and the light intensity distribution, perform phase modulation on the target incident light with a transverse momentum of 0 to obtain a modulated second wave function; or, according to the sixth modulation phase and the light intensity distribution, perform phase modulation on the target incident light with a transverse momentum of 0 to obtain a modulated third wave function.

[0142] In one embodiment, when calculating the plurality of final state wave functions to obtain a target propagator and the real part and the imaginary part corresponding to the target propagator, the calculation unit 305 is further configured to: respectively perform probability calculations on each of the plurality of final state wave functions to obtain a plurality of probabilities, where the modulation phase of each probability in the plurality of probabilities corresponds to the modulation phase in each of the final state wave functions on which the calculation is performed; according to a preset calculation formula, perform calculations on the plurality of probabilities to obtain a target propagator and the real part and the imaginary part corresponding to the target propagator.

[0143] The apparatus for measuring the propagator without a pointer can also be built from hardware components. For example, the apparatus for measuring the propagator without a pointer can be built from one or more than two chips, and each chip can work in coordination with each other to complete the method for measuring the propagator without a pointer described in each of the above embodiments. For another example, the apparatus for measuring the propagator without a pointer can also be built from various logic devices, such as being built from a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a single-chip microcomputer, an ARM (Acorn RISC Machine), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of these components.

[0144] It should be noted that the above apparatus for measuring the propagator without a pointer can execute the method for measuring the propagator without a pointer provided in the embodiments of the present application, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method. For technical details not described in detail in the embodiments of the apparatus for measuring the propagator without a pointer, reference can be made to the method for measuring the propagator without a pointer provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0145] See Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The computer device includes one or more processors 41 and a memory 42. The memory 42 is connected to one or more processors 41, for example, connected to the processor 41 through a bus.

[0146] The processor 41 is configured to support the computer device to execute the corresponding functions in the method in the above method embodiments. The processor 41 can be a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a hardware chip, or any combination thereof. The above hardware chip can be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The above PLD can be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof.

[0147] The memory 42 is used to store program codes and the like. The memory 42 may include volatile memory (VM), such as random access memory (RAM); the memory 42 may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD); the memory 42 may further include a combination of the above types of memories.

[0148] The memory 42 can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the vehicle diagnosis method in the embodiments of the present application. The processor 41 executes the vehicle diagnosis method and various functional applications and data processing of the computer device by running the non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory, that is, realizes the vehicle diagnosis method provided by the above method embodiments and the functions of each module or unit of the computer device.

[0149] The memory 42 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. Among them, the program storage area can store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function. The data storage area can store data created according to the use of the vehicle diagnosis device. In some embodiments, the memory 42 may optionally include a memory remotely set relative to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the vehicle diagnosis device through a network. Examples of the above network include but are not limited to the Internet, enterprise intranet, local area network, mobile communication network, and their combinations.

[0150] The one or more modules are stored in the memory and, when executed by the one or more processors, execute the method of the pointerless measurement propagator in any of the above method embodiments. For example, execute the method steps described in the above method embodiments to realize the functions of the modules described in the above device embodiments.

[0151] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is caused to execute the method as described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0152] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above various methods. Among them, the storage medium can be a magnetic disk, an optical disc, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0153] The above-disclosed are only the preferred embodiments of the present application. Of course, the scope of rights of the present application cannot be limited thereby. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present application still fall within the scope covered by the present application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring a propagator without a pointer, characterized in that: Applications in measurement systems, including: Selecting a position of the target incident light to obtain a first spatial position, where the first spatial position is a position where spatial phase modulation starts; According to the first spatial position, phase modulate the initial wave function of the target incident light to obtain multiple initial states and a first moment after modulation, wherein the first moment is an instantaneous moment corresponding to the completion of the modulation, and each of the multiple initial states corresponds to a different phase modulation; In a preset evolution region, each of the initial states is freely evolved according to an evolution operator to obtain a final state corresponding to each of the initial states, wherein the evolution operator represents the evolution process of each of the initial states from the first moment to the second moment, the second moment is the moment when the evolution ends, and the multiple final states correspond to different second spatial positions; According to the final state corresponding to each initial state and the second moment, a post-selection position is measured to obtain a plurality of final state wave functions; The multiple final state wave functions are calculated to obtain a target propagator and the real part and the imaginary part corresponding to the target propagator, wherein the target propagator represents the probability amplitude of evolving from the first spatial position and the first moment to the second spatial position and the second moment.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before selecting the position of the target incident light to obtain the first spatial position, the method further includes: Obtaining preset incident light; Polarization processing is performed on the preset incident light to obtain processed target incident light.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of phase modulating the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position to obtain a plurality of initial states and a first moment after modulation includes: Acquire a first preset modulation phase set, where the first preset modulation phase set includes a first modulation phase, a second modulation phase, and a third modulation phase; According to the first spatial position and the first modulation phase, phase modulate the initial wave function of the target incident light to obtain a first initial state and a first moment after modulation; or, According to the first spatial position and the second modulation phase, the initial wave function of the target incident light is phase modulated to obtain a second initial state and a first moment after modulation; or, According to the first spatial position and the third modulation phase, the initial wave function of the target incident light is phase modulated to obtain a modulated third initial state and a first moment.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The post-selection position measurement is performed according to the final state corresponding to each initial state and the target incident light corresponding to the second moment to obtain multiple final state wave functions, including: Acquire a second spatial position of a final state corresponding to each initial state, wherein the final state corresponding to each initial state corresponds to a modulation phase; Performing Fourier transform on the target incident light corresponding to the second moment to obtain a light intensity distribution of the target incident light corresponding to the second moment, wherein the light intensity distribution reflects the intensity of the incident light under different transverse momentum states; According to the light intensity distribution, phase modulate the light intensity distribution of the target incident light with a lateral momentum of 0 to obtain a plurality of modulated wave functions, wherein each of the plurality of modulated wave functions corresponds to a modulation phase; The multiple modulated wave functions are projected onto the corresponding target spatial positions to obtain multiple final state wave functions, the modulation phase corresponding to the target spatial position is the same as the modulation phase corresponding to the modulated wave function, and the target spatial position is the second spatial position of the final state corresponding to any one of the initial states.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The method of phase modulating the light intensity distribution of the target incident light with a lateral momentum of 0 according to the light intensity distribution to obtain a plurality of modulated wave functions includes: Acquire a second preset modulation phase set, where the second preset modulation phase set includes a fourth modulation phase, a fifth modulation phase, and a sixth modulation phase; According to the fourth modulation phase and the light intensity distribution, phase modulate the target incident light with a lateral momentum of 0 to obtain a modulated first wave function; or According to the fifth modulation phase and the light intensity distribution, phase modulate the target incident light with a lateral momentum of 0 to obtain a modulated second wave function; or According to the sixth modulation phase and the light intensity distribution, the target incident light with a lateral momentum of 0 is phase modulated to obtain a modulated third wave function.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculating of the multiple final state wave functions to obtain the target propagator and the real part and the imaginary part corresponding to the target propagator includes: Probability calculation is performed on each of the multiple final state wave functions respectively to obtain multiple probabilities, wherein the modulation phase of each probability in the multiple probabilities corresponds to the modulation phase in each final state wave function to be calculated; The multiple probabilities are calculated according to a preset calculation formula to obtain a target propagator and a real part and an imaginary part corresponding to the target propagator.

7. A device for measuring propagators without a pointer, characterized in that: The device comprises: A selection unit, configured to select a position of the target incident light to obtain a first spatial position, where the first spatial position is a position where spatial phase modulation is started; A modulation unit, configured to perform phase modulation on the initial wave function of the target incident light according to the first spatial position, to obtain a plurality of initial states and a first moment after modulation, wherein the first moment is an instantaneous moment corresponding to the completion of the modulation, and each of the plurality of initial states corresponds to a different phase modulation; An evolution unit, configured to perform free evolution on each of the initial states according to an evolution operator in a preset evolution region to obtain a final state corresponding to each of the initial states, wherein the evolution operator represents the evolution process of each of the initial states from the first moment to a second moment, wherein the second moment is the moment when the evolution ends, and the multiple final states correspond to different second spatial positions; A measuring unit, configured to measure a post-selected position according to a final state corresponding to each initial state and a target incident light corresponding to the second moment, to obtain a plurality of final state wave functions; A calculation unit is used to calculate the multiple final state wave functions to obtain a target propagator and the real part and imaginary part corresponding to the target propagator, wherein the target propagator represents the probability amplitude of evolving from the first spatial position and the first moment to the second spatial position and the second moment.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that Before the position of the target incident light is selected to obtain the first spatial position, the selection unit is further used to: obtain a preset incident light; and perform polarization processing on the preset incident light to obtain the processed target incident light.

9. A computer device, characterized in that: The method comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is connected to the processor, and the processor is used to execute one or more computer programs stored in the memory. When the processor executes the one or more computer programs, the computer device implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the processor is caused to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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