A dynamic control method and system of a high-computing-power processor power supply

Abstract

The application discloses a dynamic control method and system of a high-computing-power processor power supply, and the method is realized based on a DCX-PWM hybrid direct-current converter and comprises the following steps: sampling load current and load voltage output by the converter; a steady-state controller and a PWM controller jointly perform steady-state control according to the load voltage; a dynamic trajectory controller obtains an operation state trajectory of a resonance cavity which is composed of a first inductor, a first capacitor and a transformer primary excitation inductor; when the sampled load current step-up and the operation state trajectory of the resonance cavity is located at any point in the upper half cycle, the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to a driver to control the first switch tube, the fourth switch tube and the sixth switch tube to be simultaneously turned on, so that the operation state trajectory of the resonance cavity is changed; when the operation state trajectory intersects with a heavy-load trajectory, the steady-state controller is switched back. The application has higher dynamic control performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to power control technology, and more particularly to a dynamic control method and system for power supplies for high-performance processors. Background Technology

[0002] In 2020, the total power consumption of data centers in China exceeded 200 billion kilowatt-hours, accounting for 2.7% of the total electricity consumption. With the ever-increasing computing power required by society, the energy consumption of data centers continues to grow rapidly. By 2030, it is estimated that data center power consumption will account for 14% of global power consumption. The energy consumption level of data centers is mainly determined by their power supply architecture. Traditional 12V DC bus voltage, due to its multi-stage power conversion, reduces the overall efficiency and reliability of the system. Excessive current will generate too much loss on the transmission bus, significantly reducing end-to-end efficiency. Therefore, the 48V distribution bus structure, with fewer power conversion stages, higher efficiency, and lower cost, increases the DC bus voltage by four times, thereby reducing the current to one-quarter of the original, and greatly reducing losses on the transmission bus. Therefore, the 48V distribution bus structure has been widely used in high-current load applications and has formed a rich ecosystem.

[0003] While CPU development still follows Moore's Law, GPU development has surpassed its constraints. The rapid increase in GPU computing power places new demands on its power supply. For example, a certain GPU, under rated operating conditions, has a core rated voltage of 0.8V and a rated current of 600A. However, in GPU acceleration mode, the GPU requires as much as 1200A of current and 1.1V. This places higher demands on the VRM between the 48V DC bus and the processor chip. Furthermore, due to the operating characteristics of microprocessors, they need to frequently switch between high and low power consumption states, requiring the power supply to have a high dynamic current response capability. All of these factors place even higher demands on the power supply.

[0004] Currently, based on the circuit topology of 48V bus voltage regulators, they can be divided into three categories: single-stage, two-stage, and hybrid. Among them, the hybrid quasi-parallel topology based on the partial power transfer concept adopts an input series and output parallel structure, mainly composed of a fixed-ratio isolated DCX module and a non-isolated PWM module responsible for load-side voltage regulation, which has the potential advantage of higher efficiency.

[0005] LLC resonant converters can achieve zero-voltage switching over a wide load range, enabling them to operate at ultra-high frequencies and achieve high efficiency while maintaining high-density integration. Therefore, they are considered a suitable choice for the DCX module as the main power supply path in hybrid architecture processors. Taking a certain hybrid converter as an example, the LLC resonant converter maintains stable operation near its optimal frequency while handling most of the power output. The PWM module uses a Buck circuit to implement voltage regulation. This allows the hybrid converter to maintain high efficiency while meeting wide voltage adaptability requirements.

[0006] However, LLC resonant converters have certain limitations in their response speed to dynamic load changes, especially under transient conditions where the load current jumps, causing significant fluctuations in the output voltage. For this hybrid converter, the existing control strategy involves switching the Buck circuit from voltage regulation to full conduction or off after detecting a load step change, aiming to respond to load current changes as quickly as possible. While this strategy improves dynamic performance to some extent, the rate of current change is still constrained by the Buck circuit's output inductance, resulting in less than ideal dynamic response performance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a dynamic control method and system for power supplies of high-performance computing processors with improved dynamic response performance.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A dynamic control method for a high-performance processor power supply, the method being implemented based on a DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter. The DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter includes an input DC power supply, a first switching transistor, a second switching transistor, a third switching transistor, a fourth switching transistor, a fifth switching transistor, a sixth switching transistor, a seventh switching transistor, an eighth switching transistor, a transformer, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first inductor, and a second inductor. The method includes:

[0010] The load current and load voltage output by the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter when connected to a load are sampled.

[0011] The steady-state controller and the PWM controller work together to perform steady-state control. The steady-state controller outputs control commands to the driver to control the first to sixth switches, and the PWM controller outputs control commands to the PWM driver to control the seventh and eighth switches based on the load voltage.

[0012] The dynamic trajectory controller acquires the operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity, which is composed of the first inductor, the first capacitor, and the primary magnetizing inductance of the transformer. The operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity is a coordinate trajectory with the voltage of the first capacitor as the x-axis coordinate and the current of the first inductor as the y-axis coordinate.

[0013] When the sampled load current increases by a step, and the resonant cavity's operating trajectory is located at any point in the upper half-cycle, the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to simultaneously turn on the first, fourth, and sixth switching transistors, causing the resonant cavity's operating trajectory to change. When the operating trajectory intersects with the heavy-load trajectory, the controller switches back to the steady-state controller. The heavy-load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the increase in the first inductor current caused by the step increase in load current as the radius.

[0014] The driver and PWM driver generate switching control signals based on the received control commands to control the on, off and duty cycles of the corresponding switching transistors.

[0015] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0016] When the sampled load current increases by a step, and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the second half of the cycle, the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to control the first, fourth, and fifth switches to conduct simultaneously, causing the resonant cavity operating state trajectory to change; when the operating state trajectory intersects with the heavy load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller.

[0017] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0018] When the sampled load current drops by a step, and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the upper half cycle, the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to turn off the sixth switch, causing the resonant cavity operating state trajectory to change. When the operating state trajectory intersects with the light load trajectory, the controller switches back to the steady-state controller. The light load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the first inductor current drop caused by the step drop of the load current as the radius.

[0019] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0020] When the sampled load current drops by a step, and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the second half of the cycle, the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to turn off the fifth switch, causing the resonant cavity operating state trajectory to change. When the operating state trajectory intersects with the light load trajectory, the controller switches back to the steady-state controller. The light load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the first inductor current drop caused by the step drop of the load current as the radius.

[0021] Furthermore, the steady-state controller and the PWM controller jointly perform steady-state control, specifically including:

[0022] The steady-state controller controls the first to sixth switching transistors to operate at the same frequency, which is equal to the resonant frequency of the first inductor and the first capacitor. It controls the first, third, and fifth switching transistors to conduct simultaneously, or the second, fourth, and sixth switching transistors to conduct simultaneously. It controls the first and second switching transistors to conduct complementaryly, with a duty cycle of 0.5 for each.

[0023] The PWM controller controls the seventh and eighth switching transistors to operate at the same frequency and to conduct in a complementary manner. When the load voltage is greater than the preset reference voltage, it outputs a control command to increase the duty cycle of the seventh switching transistor so that the load voltage is reduced to the preset reference voltage. When the load voltage is less than the preset reference voltage, it outputs a control command to decrease the duty cycle of the seventh switching transistor so that the load voltage is reduced to the preset reference voltage.

[0024] A dynamic control system for a high-performance processor power supply, the system comprising a DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter, the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter including an input DC power supply, a first switching transistor, a second switching transistor, a third switching transistor, a fourth switching transistor, a fifth switching transistor, a sixth switching transistor, a seventh switching transistor, an eighth switching transistor, a transformer, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first inductor, and a second inductor, the system further comprising:

[0025] The sampling module is used to sample the load current and load voltage output by the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter when a load is connected.

[0026] A steady-state controller is used to output control commands to the driver for controlling the first to sixth switching transistors.

[0027] The PWM controller is used to output control commands to the PWM driver to control the seventh and eighth switching transistors based on the load voltage.

[0028] A dynamic trajectory controller includes a trajectory acquisition unit and a first trajectory control unit. The trajectory acquisition unit acquires the operating state trajectory of a resonant cavity composed of a first inductor, a first capacitor, and the primary magnetizing inductance of a transformer. The operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity is a coordinate trajectory with the first capacitor voltage as the x-axis and the first inductor current as the y-axis. The first trajectory control unit cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to simultaneously turn on the first, fourth, and sixth switching transistors when the sampled load current increases by a step and the operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity is located at any point in the first half-cycle, thereby changing the operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity. When the operating state trajectory intersects with the heavy-load trajectory, the controller switches back to the steady-state controller. The heavy-load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the increase in the first inductor current caused by the step increase in load current as the radius.

[0029] The driver is used to generate control signals for the switching transistors based on the received control commands, and to control the on / off state and duty cycle of the corresponding switching transistors.

[0030] A PWM driver is used to generate control signals for switching transistors based on received control commands, thereby controlling the on / off state and duty cycle of the corresponding switching transistors.

[0031] Furthermore, the dynamic trajectory controller also includes:

[0032] The second trajectory control unit is used to cut off the output of the steady-state controller when the sampled load current rises by a step and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the second half cycle. The dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to control the first, fourth and fifth switches to be turned on simultaneously, so that the resonant cavity operating state trajectory changes. When the operating state trajectory intersects with the heavy load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller.

[0033] Furthermore, the dynamic trajectory controller also includes:

[0034] The third trajectory control unit is used to cut off the output of the steady-state controller and output a control command to the driver to turn off the sixth switch when the sampled load current drops by a step and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the upper half cycle, so that the resonant cavity operating state trajectory changes; when the operating state trajectory intersects with the light load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller, wherein the light load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the first inductor current drop caused by the step drop of the load current as the radius.

[0035] Furthermore, the dynamic trajectory controller also includes:

[0036] The fourth trajectory control unit is used to cut off the output of the steady-state controller and output a control command to the driver to turn off the fifth switch when the sampled load current drops by a step and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the second half of the cycle, so that the resonant cavity operating state trajectory changes; when the operating state trajectory intersects with the light load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller, wherein the light load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the first inductor current drop caused by the step drop of the load current as the radius.

[0037] Furthermore, the steady-state controller is specifically used to control the operating frequencies of the first to sixth switching transistors to be the same and equal to the resonant frequencies of the first inductor and the first capacitor, to control the first, third, and fifth switching transistors to be turned on simultaneously, or the second, fourth, and sixth switching transistors to be turned on simultaneously, and to control the first and second switching transistors to be turned on complementaryly, with a duty cycle of 0.5 for each.

[0038] The PWM controller is specifically used to control the seventh and eighth switching transistors to operate at the same frequency and to conduct in a complementary manner. When the load voltage is greater than the preset reference voltage, it outputs a control command to increase the duty cycle of the seventh switching transistor so that the load voltage is reduced to the preset reference voltage. When the load voltage is less than the preset reference voltage, it outputs a control command to decrease the duty cycle of the seventh switching transistor so that the load voltage is reduced to the preset reference voltage.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Based on the operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity jointly formed by the first inductor, the first capacitor and the primary excitation inductance of the transformer, this invention uses a dynamic trajectory controller to dynamically control the switching transistor, thereby achieving a current step response in a very short time and greatly improving the dynamic response performance of the converter. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is the circuit topology diagram of a DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter;

[0041] Figure 2 The equivalent circuit diagram for the first mode of the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter;

[0042] Figure 3 The equivalent circuit diagram for the second mode of the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter;

[0043] Figure 4 A framework diagram of a dynamic control method for a high-performance processor power supply provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 The image shows the trajectory of the resonant cavity when the load current increases by a step when the steady-state control method of the present invention is used.

[0045] Figure 6 When using the dynamic control method of the present invention, the trajectory diagram of the resonant cavity operation state when the load current increases by a step and the initial state of the resonant cavity is the first half of the cycle;

[0046] Figure 7 When using the dynamic control method of the present invention, the equivalent circuit diagram after performing dynamic control on the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter when the load current rises by a step and the initial state of the resonant cavity is in the upper half cycle is shown.

[0047] Figure 8 When using the dynamic control method of the present invention, the trajectory diagram of the resonant cavity operation state when the load current rises by a step and the initial state of the resonant cavity is the second half-cycle;

[0048] Figure 9 When using the dynamic control method of the present invention, the equivalent circuit diagram after performing dynamic control on the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter when the load current rises by a step and the initial state of the resonant cavity is in the second half cycle is shown.

[0049] Figure 10 When using the dynamic control method of the present invention, the trajectory diagram of the resonant cavity operation state when the load current drops by a step and the initial state of the resonant cavity is the first half of the cycle;

[0050] Figure 11 When using the dynamic control method of the present invention, the equivalent circuit diagram after performing dynamic control on the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter when the load current drops by a step and the initial state of the resonant cavity is in the upper half cycle is shown.

[0051] Figure 12 When using the dynamic control method of the present invention, the trajectory diagram of the resonant cavity operation state when the load current drops by a step and the initial state of the resonant cavity is the second half-cycle;

[0052] Figure 13 When using the dynamic control method of the present invention, the equivalent circuit diagram after performing dynamic control on the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter when the load current drops by a step and the initial state of the resonant cavity is in the second half cycle is shown.

[0053] Figure 14 The output voltage waveform of the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter before and after adopting the dynamic control method of the present invention should be shown when the load current increases by a step.

[0054] Figure 15 The voltage waveform of the first capacitor C1 should be shown before and after the application of the dynamic control method of the present invention when the load current increases by a step.

[0055] Figure 16The output voltage waveform of the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter before and after adopting the dynamic control method of the present invention should be shown when the load current drops sharply.

[0056] Figure 17 The voltage waveform of the first capacitor C1 should be obtained before and after the application of the dynamic control method of the present invention when the load current drops by a step. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] This invention provides a dynamic control method for the power supply of a high-performance processor. The method is implemented based on a DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter. Figure 1 As shown, the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter is the converter in patent document 202410444874.X, specifically including an input DC power supply V. in The circuit consists of: a first switch S1, a second switch S2, a third switch S3, a fourth switch S4, a fifth switch S5, a sixth switch S6, a seventh switch S7, an eighth switch S8, a transformer T, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a first inductor L1, and a second inductor L2; the drain of the first switch S1 is connected to the input DC power supply V. in The positive terminal of the first switch S1 is connected to the drain of the second switch S2 and one end of the first inductor L1; the source of the second switch S2 is connected to the drain of the third switch S3, one end of the second capacitor C2, and the drain of the seventh switch S7; the source of the third switch S3 is connected to the drain of the fourth switch S4 and one end of the first capacitor C1; the source of the fourth switch S4 is connected to the input DC power supply V. in The negative terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the same-name terminal of transformer winding 1T1, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the opposite-name terminal of transformer winding 1T1, and the other end of bus capacitor C2 is connected to the input DC power supply V. in The negative terminal of the seventh switching transistor S7 is connected to the drain of the eighth switching transistor S8 and one end of the second inductor L2. The source of the eighth switching transistor S8 is connected to the input DC power supply V. in The negative terminal of the first inductor is connected to the other end of the second inductor L2, which is connected to one end of the third capacitor C3. The source of the fifth switch S5 is connected to the input DC power supply V. in The negative terminal of the fifth switch S5 is connected to the opposite terminal of the transformer winding 2T2, and the source of the sixth switch S6 is connected to the input DC power supply V. inThe negative terminal of the sixth switch S6 is connected to the same-name terminal of transformer winding T3. The same-name terminal of transformer winding T2 and the opposite-name terminal of winding T3 are connected to the output filter capacitor C3 and the load R. o One end, the third capacitor C3 and the load R o The other end is connected to the input DC power supply V. in The negative end.

[0060] The first operating mode of the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter during steady-state control is shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown, at this time, S1 and S3 are on, S6 is on, and S5 is off. At this time, the secondary side of the transformer is clamped at the output voltage V. o Then the voltage of the primary winding T1 of the transformer is clamped by the secondary winding, and L1 and C1 resonate. When the resonant current i Lr Resonance with excitation current i Lm When the voltages are equal, S1 and S3 are turned off. During the dead time, the transformer's magnetizing current will discharge the junction capacitance of S2. When the junction capacitance voltage of S2 is zero, S2 and S4 are turned on. S1 and S3 are turned off. S6 is turned off, and S5 is turned on. The second operating mode of the hybrid DC-DC converter at this time is shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown, in this mode, the operating states of S2 and S4 are similar to those of switching transistors S1 and S3. It can be seen that the LLC circuit section of the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter operates at the resonant frequency, and like a regular LLC circuit, it can achieve soft switching, thus achieving high frequency and high efficiency. The LLC circuit section of this hybrid DC-DC converter has a constant turns ratio, and the output voltage is regulated only through a closed-loop Buck section. For the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter, without additional dynamic control, when the load current changes abruptly, the dynamic response limitation for the LLC-DCX module, which transmits most of the power, comes from the rate of change of the resonant cavity inductor current, and depends only on the converter's own impedance characteristics.

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, the dynamic control method for the power supply of a high-performance processor provided in this embodiment of the invention specifically includes:

[0062] S1. Sample the load current and load voltage output by the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter when connected to a load.

[0063] S2, the steady-state controller and the PWM controller work together to perform steady-state control.

[0064] The steady-state controller controls the first to sixth switching transistors to operate at the same frequency, which is equal to the resonant frequency of the first inductor and the first capacitor. It controls the first, third, and fifth switching transistors to conduct simultaneously, or the second, fourth, and sixth switching transistors to conduct simultaneously. It controls the first and second switching transistors to conduct complementaryly, with a duty cycle of 0.5 for each.

[0065] The PWM controller controls the seventh and eighth switching transistors to operate at the same frequency and to conduct complementaryly, and to operate at the same frequency as the load voltage V. o Greater than the preset reference voltage V ref At that time, a control command is output to increase the duty cycle of the seventh switch, so that the load voltage V o Reduce to the preset reference voltage V ref ; and at the load voltage V o Less than the preset reference voltage V ref At that time, a control command is output to reduce the duty cycle of the seventh switch, so that the load voltage decreases by V. o As small as the preset reference voltage V ref .

[0066] S3. The dynamic trajectory controller acquires the operating trajectory of the resonant cavity, which is composed of the first inductor, the first capacitor, and the primary excitation inductance of the transformer.

[0067] The operating trajectory of the resonant cavity is based on the first capacitor voltage V. crN (Resonant voltage) is the x-axis coordinate, and the first inductor current i is the x-axis coordinate. LrN (Resonant current) is the coordinate trajectory of the y-axis. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the operating trajectory of the resonant cavity is a circle under steady-state control when the load (load current) is constant. However, as the load increases, the load current increases, and the radius of the circle of the operating trajectory increases. Therefore, the operating trajectory under different load currents under steady-state control is a series of concentric circles. It can be seen that the switching of the operating trajectory requires a natural response process of several switching cycles.

[0068] S4, the dynamic trajectory controller performs dynamic control based on the running status trajectory, specifically including S41 to S44.

[0069] S41. When the sampled load current increases by a step (e.g., the load suddenly increases), and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is in the upper half-cycle (e.g., ... Figure 6When the dynamic trajectory controller reaches any point A in the upper semicircle of the black circle shown, it cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to simultaneously turn on the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, and the sixth switch S6, causing a change in the resonant cavity's operating trajectory. When the operating trajectory intersects with the heavy-load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller. The heavy-load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the increase in the first inductor current caused by a step increase in the load current as its radius, specifically as shown in the diagram. Figure 6 The blue circle shown represents the equivalent circuit of the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter after the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, and the sixth switch S6 are simultaneously turned on. Figure 7 As shown, the resonant cavity's operating trajectory moves from point A to point B, intersecting with the heavy-load trajectory at point B. After reaching point B, it switches back to the steady-state controller, and the resonant cavity will run along the blue circle as its trajectory. Compared to conventional control methods, this is equivalent to instantaneously increasing the input voltage of the LLC-DCX converter, changing the resonant cavity's operating state, and thus achieving high dynamic current rise using the new resonant trajectory.

[0070] S42. When the sampled load current increases by a step, and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is in the lower half-cycle (e.g., Figure 8 At any point C (the lower half of the black circle shown), the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to simultaneously turn on the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, and the fifth switch S5, causing the resonant cavity's operating trajectory to change; when the operating trajectory and the heavy-load trajectory ( Figure 8 When the blue circles shown intersect (intersection point is D), the system switches back to the steady-state controller. The equivalent circuit of the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter after the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, and the fifth switch S5 are simultaneously turned on is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the resonant cavity's operating trajectory starts from point C and moves to point D, intersecting with the heavy-load trajectory at point D. After reaching point D, it switches back to the steady-state controller. The resonant cavity will then run along the blue circular trajectory.

[0071] S43. When the sampled load current drops sharply (e.g., the load suddenly decreases), and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is in the upper half-cycle (e.g., ... Figure 10 At any point E in the upper semicircle of the blue circle shown, the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to turn off the sixth switch S6, causing the resonant cavity's operating trajectory to change. When the operating trajectory intersects with the light-load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller. The light-load trajectory is a circle drawn with a radius equal to the value of the decrease in the first inductor current caused by the step drop in load current. Figure 10The black circle is shown. The equivalent circuit of the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter after S6 is turned off is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the secondary current of the transformer is automatically rectified by the diode of the sixth switch S6. The operating trajectory of the resonant cavity moves from point E to point F, as follows. Figure 10 As shown, the light-load trajectory intersects at point F. After reaching point F, the system switches back to the steady-state controller. The resonant cavity will then run along the black circular trajectory.

[0072] S44. When the sampled load current drops by a step, and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is in the lower half-cycle (e.g., Figure 12 At any point G (the lower half of the blue circle shown), the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to turn off the fifth switch S5, causing the resonant cavity's operating trajectory to change. When the operating trajectory intersects with the light-load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller. The equivalent circuit of the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter after S5 is turned off is as follows: Figure 13 As shown, the transformer secondary current is automatically rectified by the diode of the sixth switch S6. The resonant cavity's operating trajectory moves from point G to point H, as follows. Figure 12 As shown, the light-load trajectory intersects at point H. After reaching point H, the system switches back to the steady-state controller. The resonant cavity will then run along the black circular trajectory.

[0073] S5, the driver and PWM driver generate switching control signals according to the received control commands, and control the on, off and duty cycles of the corresponding switching transistors.

[0074] contrast Figure 6 and 8 As can be seen in 10, by changing the resonant state through dynamic control, the center of the new operating state trajectory circle will be far away from the zero point in the transition mode. The new circular trajectory can be reached in less than half a switching cycle, realizing the current step response in a very short time, which greatly improves the dynamic response performance of the converter.

[0075] Figure 14 and Figure 15 The figures show the output voltage waveform and the voltage waveform of the first capacitor C1 before and after implementing the dynamic switching control method according to the present invention, respectively, in response to a sudden increase in load current. It can be seen that by using the dynamic control method proposed in this invention, the output voltage drop caused by the step increase in load current is significantly reduced, and the voltage of the first capacitor rises rapidly and quickly enters a steady state, verifying the effectiveness of the control method proposed in this invention.

[0076] The high-dynamic control method proposed in this invention involves briefly shutting down the corresponding secondary-side synchronous rectifier drive when the load current drops sharply, based on the resonant cavity's operating state at the load shedding moment. Since the forward voltage drop of the synchronous rectifier diode is close to the processor's power supply voltage, this is equivalent to an instantaneous increase in the output voltage for the resonant cavity, altering its operating state and thus achieving a high-dynamic current rise using a new resonant trajectory.

[0077] Figure 16 and Figure 17 The figures show the output voltage waveform and the voltage waveform of the first capacitor C1 before and after implementing the dynamic control method according to the present invention, respectively, in response to a step drop in the load current. It can be seen that by using the dynamic control method proposed in this invention, the output voltage surge amplitude caused by the step drop in the load current is significantly reduced, and the voltage of the first capacitor drops rapidly and quickly enters a steady state, verifying the effectiveness of the control method proposed in this invention.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] This invention provides a dynamic control system for a high-performance processor power supply. The system includes a DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter, which comprises an input DC power supply, a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, a fifth switch, a sixth switch, a seventh switch, an eighth switch, a transformer, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first inductor, and a second inductor. The system also includes a sampling module, a steady-state controller, a dynamic trajectory controller, and a driver.

[0080] The sampling module is used to sample the load current and load voltage output by the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter when a load is connected.

[0081] The steady-state controller is used to output control commands to the driver to control the first to sixth switches. Specifically, it controls the first to sixth switches to operate at the same frequency, which is equal to the resonant frequency of the first inductor and the first capacitor. It controls the first, third, and fifth switches to conduct simultaneously, or the second, fourth, and sixth switches to conduct simultaneously. It also controls the first and second switches to conduct complementaryly, with a duty cycle of 0.5 for each switch.

[0082] The PWM controller outputs control commands to the PWM driver based on the load voltage to control the seventh and eighth switching transistors. Specifically, it controls the seventh and eighth switching transistors to operate at the same frequency and to conduct in a complementary manner. When the load voltage is greater than a preset reference voltage, it outputs a control command to increase the duty cycle of the seventh switching transistor, thereby reducing the load voltage to the preset reference voltage; and when the load voltage is less than the preset reference voltage, it outputs a control command to decrease the duty cycle of the seventh switching transistor, thereby reducing the load voltage to the preset reference voltage. The dynamic trajectory controller includes:

[0083] The trajectory acquisition unit is used to acquire the operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity composed of the first inductor, the first capacitor and the primary excitation inductance of the transformer, wherein the operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity is a coordinate trajectory with the first capacitor voltage as the x-axis coordinate and the first inductor current as the y-axis coordinate.

[0084] The first trajectory control unit is used to cut off the output of the steady-state controller and output a control command to the driver to control the first, fourth, and sixth switches to conduct simultaneously when the sampled load current increases by a step and the resonant cavity operating trajectory is located at any point in the upper half cycle, so that the resonant cavity operating trajectory changes; when the operating trajectory intersects with the heavy load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller; wherein, the heavy load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the increase in the first inductor current caused by the step increase of the load current as the radius;

[0085] The second trajectory control unit is used to cut off the output of the steady-state controller when the sampled load current rises by a step and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the second half cycle. The dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to control the first, fourth and fifth switches to be turned on simultaneously, so that the resonant cavity operating state trajectory changes. When the operating state trajectory intersects with the heavy load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller.

[0086] The third trajectory control unit is used to cut off the output of the steady-state controller and output a control command to the driver to turn off the sixth switch when the sampled load current drops by a step and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the upper half cycle, so that the resonant cavity operating state trajectory changes; when the operating state trajectory intersects with the light load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller, wherein the light load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the first inductor current drop caused by the step drop of the load current as the radius;

[0087] The fourth trajectory control unit is used to cut off the output of the steady-state controller and output a control command to the driver to turn off the fifth switch when the sampled load current drops by a step and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the second half of the cycle, so that the resonant cavity operating state trajectory changes; when the operating state trajectory intersects with the light load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller.

[0088] The driver is used to generate switching control signals based on the received control commands, and to control the on / off state and duty cycle of the corresponding switching transistor.

[0089] The PWM driver is used to generate control signals for the switching transistors based on the received control commands, and to control the on / off state and duty cycle of the corresponding switching transistors.

[0090] The apparatus provided in this embodiment of the invention can be used to execute the method provided in Embodiment 1 of the invention, and has the corresponding functions and beneficial effects of executing the method.

[0091] It is worth noting that in the embodiments of the above-mentioned determining device, the various units and modules included are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be realized; in addition, the specific names of each functional unit are only for easy differentiation and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0092] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each implementation can be achieved using software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, or it can be implemented solely through hardware, as long as the function or purpose can be achieved.

[0093] It should be understood that the embodiments and descriptions above are only the principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such changes and modifications fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic control method for a power supply of a high-performance processor, the method being implemented based on a DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter, the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter comprising an input DC power supply, a first switching transistor, a second switching transistor, a third switching transistor, a fourth switching transistor, a fifth switching transistor, a sixth switching transistor, a seventh switching transistor, an eighth switching transistor, a transformer, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first inductor, and a second inductor, characterized in that, The method includes: The load current and load voltage output by the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter when connected to a load are sampled. The steady-state controller and the PWM controller work together to perform steady-state control. The steady-state controller outputs control commands to the driver to control the first to sixth switches, and the PWM controller outputs control commands to the PWM driver to control the seventh and eighth switches based on the load voltage. The dynamic trajectory controller acquires the operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity, which is composed of the first inductor, the first capacitor, and the primary magnetizing inductance of the transformer. The operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity is a coordinate trajectory with the voltage of the first capacitor as the x-axis coordinate and the current of the first inductor as the y-axis coordinate. When the sampled load current increases by a step, and the resonant cavity's operating trajectory is located at any point in the upper half-cycle, the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to simultaneously turn on the first, fourth, and sixth switching transistors, causing the resonant cavity's operating trajectory to change. When the operating trajectory intersects with the heavy-load trajectory, the controller switches back to the steady-state controller. The heavy-load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the increase in the first inductor current caused by the step increase in load current as the radius. The driver and PWM driver generate switching control signals based on the received control commands to control the on, off and duty cycles of the corresponding switching transistors.

2. The dynamic control method for the power supply of a high-performance processor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the sampled load current increases by a step, and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the second half of the cycle, the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to control the first, fourth, and fifth switches to conduct simultaneously, causing the resonant cavity operating state trajectory to change; when the operating state trajectory intersects with the heavy load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller.

3. The dynamic control method for the power supply of a high-performance processor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the sampled load current drops by a step, and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the upper half cycle, the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to turn off the sixth switch, causing the resonant cavity operating state trajectory to change. When the operating state trajectory intersects with the light load trajectory, the controller switches back to the steady-state controller. The light load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the first inductor current drop caused by the step drop of the load current as the radius.

4. The dynamic control method for the power supply of a high-performance processor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the sampled load current drops by a step, and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the second half of the cycle, the dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to turn off the fifth switch, causing the resonant cavity operating state trajectory to change. When the operating state trajectory intersects with the light load trajectory, the controller switches back to the steady-state controller. The light load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the first inductor current drop caused by the step drop of the load current as the radius.

5. The dynamic control method for the power supply of a high-performance processor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steady-state controller and the PWM controller work together to perform steady-state control, specifically including: The steady-state controller controls the first to sixth switching transistors to operate at the same frequency, which is equal to the resonant frequency of the first inductor and the first capacitor. It controls the first, third, and fifth switching transistors to conduct simultaneously, or the second, fourth, and sixth switching transistors to conduct simultaneously. It controls the first and second switching transistors to conduct complementaryly, with a duty cycle of 0.5 for each. The PWM controller controls the seventh and eighth switching transistors to operate at the same frequency and to conduct in a complementary manner. When the load voltage is greater than the preset reference voltage, it outputs a control command to increase the duty cycle of the seventh switching transistor so that the load voltage is reduced to the preset reference voltage. When the load voltage is less than the preset reference voltage, it outputs a control command to decrease the duty cycle of the seventh switching transistor so that the load voltage is reduced to the preset reference voltage.

6. A dynamic control system for a high-performance processor power supply, the system comprising a DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter, the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter comprising an input DC power supply, a first switching transistor, a second switching transistor, a third switching transistor, a fourth switching transistor, a fifth switching transistor, a sixth switching transistor, a seventh switching transistor, an eighth switching transistor, a transformer, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first inductor, and a second inductor, characterized in that, The system also includes: The sampling module is used to sample the load current and load voltage output by the DCX-PWM hybrid DC-DC converter when a load is connected. A steady-state controller is used to output control commands to the driver for controlling the first to sixth switching transistors. The PWM controller is used to output control commands to the PWM driver to control the seventh and eighth switching transistors based on the load voltage. A dynamic trajectory controller includes a trajectory acquisition unit and a first trajectory control unit. The trajectory acquisition unit acquires the operating state trajectory of a resonant cavity composed of a first inductor, a first capacitor, and the primary magnetizing inductance of a transformer. The operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity is a coordinate trajectory with the first capacitor voltage as the x-axis and the first inductor current as the y-axis. The first trajectory control unit cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to simultaneously turn on the first, fourth, and sixth switching transistors when the sampled load current increases by a step and the operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity is located at any point in the first half-cycle, thereby changing the operating state trajectory of the resonant cavity. When the operating state trajectory intersects with the heavy-load trajectory, the controller switches back to the steady-state controller. The heavy-load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the increase in the first inductor current caused by the step increase in load current as the radius. The driver is used to generate control signals for the switching transistors based on the received control commands, and to control the on / off state and duty cycle of the corresponding switching transistors. A PWM driver is used to generate control signals for switching transistors based on received control commands, thereby controlling the on / off state and duty cycle of the corresponding switching transistors.

7. The dynamic control system for the high-performance processor power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dynamic trajectory controller also includes: The second trajectory control unit is used to cut off the output of the steady-state controller when the sampled load current rises by a step and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the second half cycle. The dynamic trajectory controller cuts off the output of the steady-state controller and outputs a control command to the driver to control the first, fourth and fifth switches to be turned on simultaneously, so that the resonant cavity operating state trajectory changes. When the operating state trajectory intersects with the heavy load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller.

8. The dynamic control system for the high-performance processor power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dynamic trajectory controller also includes: The third trajectory control unit is used to cut off the output of the steady-state controller and output a control command to the driver to turn off the sixth switch when the sampled load current drops by a step and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the upper half cycle, so that the resonant cavity operating state trajectory changes; when the operating state trajectory intersects with the light load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller, wherein the light load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the first inductor current drop caused by the step drop of the load current as the radius.

9. The dynamic control system for the high-performance processor power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dynamic trajectory controller also includes: The fourth trajectory control unit is used to cut off the output of the steady-state controller and output a control command to the driver to turn off the fifth switch when the sampled load current drops by a step and the resonant cavity operating state trajectory is located at any point in the second half of the cycle, so that the resonant cavity operating state trajectory changes; when the operating state trajectory intersects with the light load trajectory, it switches back to the steady-state controller, wherein the light load trajectory is a circle drawn with the value of the first inductor current drop caused by the step drop of the load current as the radius.

10. The dynamic control system for the high-performance processor power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that, The steady-state controller is specifically used to control the operating frequencies of the first to sixth switching transistors to be the same and equal to the resonant frequencies of the first inductor and the first capacitor, to control the first, third, and fifth switching transistors to conduct simultaneously, or the second, fourth, and sixth switching transistors to conduct simultaneously, and to control the first and second switching transistors to conduct complementaryly, with a duty cycle of 0.5 for each. The PWM controller is specifically used to control the seventh and eighth switching transistors to operate at the same frequency and to conduct in a complementary manner. When the load voltage is greater than the preset reference voltage, it outputs a control command to increase the duty cycle of the seventh switching transistor so that the load voltage is reduced to the preset reference voltage. When the load voltage is less than the preset reference voltage, it outputs a control command to decrease the duty cycle of the seventh switching transistor so that the load voltage is reduced to the preset reference voltage.

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