Device for preventing pulp from overflowing or leaking out of interior of mill with shock absorber

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for preventing the overflow or leakage of slurry from the inside of a mill, which can prevent the loosening of a fastening bolt of a mill coating and prevent the high-speed ejection of device elements when any part thereof is loosened or suddenly failed. This makes it possible to maintain the tension of the fastening bolt of the cladding so that the amount of elongation between the bolt head in contact with the cladding and the fastening nut that fastens the bolt to the mill is greater, thereby further reducing the risk of an accident in the event of a failure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fastening linings in mining mills, and more particularly to a device for preventing the spillage or leakage of slurry from the interior of the mill, preventing the loosening of the fastening bolts of the mill lining, and preventing the elements of the device from protruding at high speed in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components, thereby maintaining the tension of the lining fastening bolts to achieve greater elongation between the bolt head in contact with the lining and the nut that secures the bolt to the mill, and thus also reducing the risk of accidents in the event of failure. Background Art

[0002] The mill is equipped with an inner lining that is fixed by bolts inserted into holes in the lining and in the housing and cover of the mill, where one end of the bolt secures the lining and the other end is fixed to the mill by a nut that locks and tensions the bolt. Additionally, cup seals are used to prevent the leakage of material from the interior of the mill to the exterior. Due to the operation of the mill, component tolerances, roughness, and the properties of the materials that make them up, the components become loose and the tension of the lining bolts is lost, resulting in seal failure and a risk of material spillage or leakage, which can compromise the usability of the mill and damage critical components such as the drive system and its supports. Furthermore, loosening can lead to bolt shear and / or an irregular increase in the size of the holes in the mill housing or cover into which the bolts are inserted to secure the lining.

[0003] The standard method used in the mining industry to prevent loosening is to torque the nut to obtain an initial bolt tension between 50% and 75% of the yield strength, and in some cases, repeat the operation several hours or days after the bushings have been installed. Nevertheless, the problem is not completely eliminated because the bolts only elongate a maximum of 0.2% of their length at these high stress levels; for example, for a 500 mm long bolt, the elongation is only 1 mm. Despite the efforts of the mining industry to control this problem, in addition to events that endanger critical mill components, it is common to lose approximately 40 hours of mill operation per year due to leaks and bolt breakage.

[0004] The conventional way to increase the elongation range between the end of the lining and the nut is to use pressure washers. However, this solution is impractical because the size of the pressure washers is limited by the bolt size, and in order to obtain an acceptable force and elongation rate to retain the mill lining, several pressure washers have to be used in series, which would mean an increase in the size of the bolts protruding from the mill housing, which would clearly lead to a deterioration in the safety around the mill, could interfere with the structure and other components, and would significantly increase the length of the bolts. Additionally, leakage may occur between the pressure washers and the bolts, resulting in spillage and limiting the elastic action of the washers.

[0005] In the prior art, relevant literature can be found that attempts to increase the elongation range of bolts and maintain a seal from the interior of a mill or similar device.

[0006] In this regard, document US4371120 A discloses a particle crusher that includes a container having at least one opening in a wall, wherein an elongated fastening device passing through the opening secures an insulating layer to the container. The fastening device includes a bolt, a nut threadedly connected to the bolt, and an annular elastic washer provided to form a seal between the container and a sleeve and to serve as a spacer between the outer wall of the container and the elongated fastening device or elastic means such as a concave or convex Belleville washer.

[0007] Another document to be considered is US2915152 A, which discloses a device for constructing a structure such as a container or tank for storing liquids, the device being formed of plates or sections that are bolted together to form a complete unit. In particular, it describes a bolt assembly for connecting plates or sections forming a structure containing a liquid, the bolt assembly having features for preventing fluid leakage through the bolts connecting the plate or section assemblies. The bolt assembly includes: a bolt having an elongated head at one end and a threaded opposite end for receiving a fastening nut, wherein the bolt passes through two sections or plates that form part of the structure of a tank, container, or any structure constructed of multiple sections; a cylindrical sleeve formed of a cylinder that includes an axial opening through which the bolt passes; an annular flange at one end of the cylinder; and a groove within the cylinder for receiving an internal seal, wherein the cylinder and the groove are located within the opening of the section or plate.

[0008] Document US8454290B2 can also be considered, which discloses a fastening assembly for securing a component that is placed or installed within a channel or opening formed by a workpiece component, the workpiece component having to be secured and insulated from another component by the fastening assembly. The fastening assembly uses an insulating element that includes a metal core integrally formed with a rubber coating. The insulating element is configured to be placed between a flange and the workpiece and includes a central opening through which a bolt passes to secure the workpiece by a nut. The described insulating element replaces a conventional washer or rubber collar placed between a flange and a workpiece, plate, or similar element. The document describes that the metal core can be of various types, including a corrugated washer, a Belleville washer, or a corrugated Belleville washer.

[0009] Finally, the closest prior art document corresponds to document CL201503138 written by the same inventor of the present application, which discloses a device (4) for preventing spillage from the interior of a mining mill, which maintains the seal on the fastening bolts (6) of the lining (1) in the mill cover (2), thus allowing for a greater elongation between the head (7) of the fastening bolt (6) and its nut (5) by applying pressure on the collar (3), wherein one end of the bolt (6) secures the lining (1), while the other end is fixed to the mill body by locking the nut (5) of the bolt (6), and the washer (3) has a seal located between the mill body and the nut (5) to prevent material leakage, wherein the device comprises: one or more pairs of Belleville washers (9, 11), in the annular space of one or more pairs of Belleville washers there is mounted a sleeve (12) having an internal sealing housing (8); wherein the sleeve (12) has a flange (12A) or a flange having a diameter that allows the nut (5) to act on the Belleville washers (9, 11), wherein said Belleville washers (9, 11) are assembled in series around their outer periphery by a peripheral seal (10), and wherein the device is arranged between the washer (3) and the nut (5) of the fastening bolt (6).

[0010] These documents describe options for bolt configurations that are designed to prevent the transfer or leakage of fluid or material from the interior of a mill or similar device through the holes or perforations in which the bolts are installed or inserted to the exterior, wherein, additionally, the device described in document CL201503138 allows for an increased range of elongation between the end attached to the lining and the nut on the exterior of the mill body for the fastening bolt assembly, while maintaining the tension applied by the bolt at an acceptable level, maintaining the seal against leakage, and preventing spillage and bolt breakage.

[0011] In this regard, it has been recognized that in the devices or assemblies described in these documents, particularly those used in mills, there is a risk that during operation, some of these devices or assemblies or their components may become loose or fail and may project at high speed, with the possibility of an accident due to impact with any nearby operator or damage to other equipment, devices, and / or instruments installed or used in the same operation.

[0012] In this regard, none of these documents address the problem of the risk of accidents due to the high-speed projection of elements of the device or fastening bolt group in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of their components.

[0013] Accordingly, the prior art literature does not teach or suggest a device for preventing spillage from the interior of a mining mill that maintains a seal on the fastening bolts of the mill lining, the device including shock absorbers that prevent the elements of the device from projecting at high speed in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components, and also allowing for greater elongation between the bolt head and its nut by applying pressure on the washer, thereby increasing the range within which the bolt can apply an acceptable tension to fasten the lining, maintaining the seal against leakage or spillage from the interior of the mill, and thus avoiding compromising the usability of the mill and damaging its critical elements. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The present invention discloses a device for preventing spillage from the interior of a mining mill that maintains a seal on the fastening bolts of the mill lining, the device including shock-absorbing elements that prevent the elements of the device from projecting at high speed in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components, thereby reducing the risk of accidents.

[0015] The device for preventing spillage from the interior of a mining mill and maintaining a seal on the fastening bolts of the mill lining allows for greater elongation between the bolt head and its nut by applying pressure on the sealing element, while preventing the device components from projecting at high speed in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components. The bolts are arranged such that one end secures the lining while the other end is fixed to the mill housing by locking the nut of the bolt.

[0016] The device includes at least a pair of Belleville washers or disc springs, and a shock-absorbing element is installed in the annular space of the at least a pair of Belleville washers or disc springs between at least one sealing element and the nut of the fastening bolt, wherein one end of the shock-absorbing element projects onto the at least a pair of Belleville washers in the form of a flange or a flange having a diameter that allows the nut to act on the said washer. The shock-absorbing element has a sliding configuration of components that allows relative movement between the components such that the total length of the shock-absorbing element changes in a manner that is conducive to an increase in the elongation range between the head of the fastening bolt and its nut, while compressing the at least a pair of Belleville washers and at least one sealing element. The configuration of the components of the shock-absorbing element allows for the definition of an internal space that is filled with a viscous fluid, and the position of the viscous fluid changes during the operation of the shock-absorbing element in opposite movements. The resistance is of the shock-absorbing type, i.e., when the relative speed between the components of the shock-absorbing element is large, the resistance is large. This movement resistance reduces the speed at which the device components project in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the position of a device for preventing spillage from the interior of a mining mill according to the prior art currently in use and described in document CL201503138, the device maintaining a seal on the fastening bolts of the mill lining.

[0018] Figure 2A shows detail 1 of Figure 1, where the currently used device is in the compressed position.

[0019] Figure 2B shows detail 1 of Figure 1, where the currently used device is in the extended position.

[0020] Figure 3 shows a side cross-sectional view of the currently used device.

[0021] Figure 4 A side cross-sectional view is shown of a new device according to an embodiment of the present invention for preventing spillage from inside a mining mill and preventing the elements of the device from protruding at high speed in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components. The device has a retaining bolt inserted between a sealing element and a nut.

[0022] Figure 5 A side cross-sectional view is shown of a new device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 An exploded side profile view is shown of a new device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Description

[0024] The present invention relates to a device (4') for preventing spillage from the interior of a mining mill, which maintains a seal on the fastening bolts (6) of the lining (1) in the mill housing (2). The device includes a shock absorber (13) that prevents the elements of the device (4') from protruding at high speed in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components, thereby reducing the risk of accidents.

[0025] Figure 1 shows a device (4) for preventing spillage from the interior of a mining mill according to the prior art. This device poses a potential accident risk because it has been observed that during use, in the event of a sudden failure or release of any of its components, said components may project at high speed and may affect personnel or other equipment in the area. As shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the device (4) allows for maintaining a seal on the fastening bolts (6) of the bushing (1) in the mill housing (2), allowing for a greater elongation between the head (7) of the fastening bolt (6) and its nut (5), exerting pressure on the washer (3), where one end of the bolt (6) secures the lining (1) while the other end is fixed to the mill body by locking the nut (5) of the bolt (6). Additionally, the washer (3) has a seal located between the mill body and the nut (5) to prevent material leakage, where the device includes one or more pairs of Belleville washers (9, 11), and a sleeve (12) is installed in the annular space of the one or more pairs of Belleville washers. The sleeve has a housing for an internal seal (8) that prevents leakage from the interior of the mill when the device is compressed or expanded. As shown in Figure 3, the sleeve (12) has a flange (12A) or a flange with a diameter that allows the nut (5) to act on the Belleville washers (9, 11), and the device is arranged between the washer (3) and the nut (5) of the fastening bolt (6).

[0026] Figures 2A and 2B respectively show the arrangement of the elements of the device when the device (4) is in the compressed and expanded states. In Figure 2A, the device (4) is in the compressed state, where the internal seal (8) made of sponge rubber or another elastic material prevents leakage from the interior of the mill and is housed in the sheath (12), which allows the Belleville washers (9, 11) to be centered and compressed. In Figure 2B, for the tensioned state of the fastening bolt (6), the device (4) is in the deployed state, such that the distance between the head (7) of the fastening bolt (6) and its nut (5) is maximized. In both states, the device (4) prevents leakage from the interior of the mill.

[0027] The Belleville washers (9, 11) of the device (4) can be arranged in series with their concave faces facing each other. Additionally, these Belleville washers (9, 11) can be connected and sealed together around their outer perimeters using a peripheral seal (10) made of natural or synthetic elastic material.

[0028] The device (4) works by increasing the elongation range between the head (7) of the fastening bolt (6) and its nut (5), maintaining the tension level in the bolt (6), which prevents spillage from the bolt housing (6) into the housing (2) of the mill and loosening of the bolt (6) from the lining (1). The device (4) increases the range in which the fastening bolt (6) exerts an acceptable tension for fixing the lining (1) by at least 5 mm and maintains a seal to prevent leakage from the interior of the mill, thereby preventing spillage, protecting critical components, and avoiding mill downtime.

[0029] Despite the above benefits and as described above, a disadvantage of using the device (4) is that during the operation of the mill in which the lining (1) is fixed to the device (4), there is a risk that some of its components may become loose or fail, particularly the sleeve that may protrude at high speed, with the possibility of an accident due to impact with any nearby operator or damage to other equipment, devices, and / or instruments installed or used in the same operation.

[0030] To reduce the risk of an accident in the event of failure of the device (4), according to the prior art, the present application provides a new device (4') that retains the same benefits as the prior art device (4), preventing spillage from the interior of the mining mill by maintaining a seal on the fastening bolt (6) of the lining (1) in the housing (2) of the mill, allowing for greater elongation between the head (7) of the fastening bolt (6) and its nut (5) that exerts pressure on at least one sealing element (14), wherein, additionally, the new device (4') prevents its elements or components from protruding at high speed in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components. The fastening bolt (6) is arranged such that one end holds the lining (1) while the other end is held to the housing (2) of the mill by locking the nut (5) of the fastening bolt (6).

[0031] The new device (4') includes at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) or disc springs, in the annular space of which a cylindrical shock-absorbing element (13) is installed, the cylindrical shock-absorbing element having an inner opening for inserting the fastening bolt (6), having an inner end (13A) and an outer end (13B), arranged between at least one sealing element (14) on the housing (2) of the mill and the nut (5) of the fastening bolt (6), as Figure 4As shown. The new device (4') is arranged between the said elements such that the inner end (13A) of the shock-absorbing element (13) contacts the said at least one sealing element (14) while the outer end (13B) of the shock-absorbing element (13) projects onto at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) which have a flange shape (18B) or diameter allowing the nut (5) to act on the said Belleville washers (15, 16). The shock-absorbing element (13) has a sliding configuration of components which allows relative movement between the components such that the overall length of the shock-absorbing element (13) is variable, thus facilitating an increase in the elongation range between the head (7) of the fastening bolt (6) and its nut (5) while compressing at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) and at least one sealing element (14), wherein the configuration of the components of the shock-absorbing element (13) allows an internal space (20) to be defined which is filled with a viscous fluid, the position of which changes when the shock-absorbing element (13) is in operation with opposite movements together with the mill, and the resistance is of the shock-absorbing type, i.e., the resistance is greater when the relative speed between the components of the shock-absorbing element (13) is greater. This resistance to movement allows the speed of projection of the elements of the new device (4') to be reduced in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components.

[0032] In one embodiment of the invention, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the shock-absorbing element (13) comprises:

[0033] A convex cylinder (17) having an inner opening into which a fastening bolt (6) is inserted, the convex cylinder having an inner end (17A) and an outer end (17B), the outer wall of the convex cylinder including an annular protrusion (17C) such that the large diameter of the convex cylinder (17) is smaller than the inner space of at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16), wherein the outer wall is threaded at the outer end (17B) to form a convex thread (17D); a convex cylinder stopper (18) having an inner opening with an inner diameter that coincides with the outer diameter of the outer end (17B) of the convex cylinder (17), wherein the inner wall of the convex cylinder stopper (18) is threaded to form a concave thread (18A) that engages with the convex thread (17D) of the convex cylinder (17), wherein the outer diameter of the convex cylinder stopper (18) is at least larger than the diameter of the inner space of at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) such that the convex cylinder stopper (18) protrudes over the at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16), wherein its outer edge defines a flange (18B) or collar of the damping element (13) having a diameter that allows a nut (5) to act on the Belleville washers (15, 16); a concave cylinder (19) having an inner opening and being slidably mounted on the convex cylinder (17) to compress at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) together with the convex cylinder stopper (18); the concave cylinder including: an inner end (19A) having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) and an outer diameter at least larger than the diameter of the inner space of at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) such that the at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) are supported on the inner end (19A); a body (19B) having an inner diameter that coincides with the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) so as to form a sliding surface between the body (19B) and the annular protrusion (17C), and an outer end (19C) having an inner diameter that coincides with the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17) and an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the inner end (19A) such that a sliding surface is formed between the outer end (19C) and the convex cylinder (17), the outer end (19C) being restricted between the annular protrusion (17C) and the convex cylinder stopper (18) so as to define the stroke of the concave cylinder (19), wherein the inner end (19A) and the body (19B) define an inner space (20) between the concave cylinder (19) and the convex cylinder (17), and wherein the outer wall is threaded at the inner end (19A) to form a concave thread (19D); and a concave cylinder stopper (21) having an inner opening and being screwed into the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19) to maintain the tightness of the inner space (20) between the convex cylinder (17) and the concave cylinder (19), having an inner diameter that matches the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17) so as to form a sliding surface;Wherein the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) divides the internal space (20) into two chambers, which are defined between the concave cylinder stopper (21) and the annular protrusion (17C) and between the annular protrusion (17C) and the convex cylinder stopper (18). The internal space (20) is filled with a viscous fluid. When the position of the concave cylinder (19) changes, the viscous fluid passes from one side to the other between the chambers of the internal space (20) through the through-hole (17E) in the annular protrusion (17C), so that the fluid passing through the perforation (17E) resists the resistance to the relative movement between the concave cylinder (19) and the convex cylinder (17), and the resistance is of the shock-absorbing type, that is, when the relative speed between the components of the shock-absorbing element (13) is large, the resistance is large.

[0034] In one embodiment, the length of the convex cylinder stopper (18) is greater than or equal to the extension of the convex thread (17D) of the convex cylinder (17).

[0035] In one embodiment, the concave cylinder (19) has a stepped structure, which includes: an inner section that defines an inner end (19A) having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) and an outer diameter at least greater than the diameter of the internal space of at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16), so that at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) rest on the inner end (19A); a middle section that defines a body (19B) having an inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) and an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the internal space of at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16), so that a sliding surface is formed between the body (19B) and the annular protrusion (17C), and a sliding surface is formed between the body (19B) and the internal space of the Belleville washers (15, 16), and a sliding surface is formed between the body (19B) and the internal space of the Belleville washers (15, 16); and an outer section that defines an outer end (19C) having an inner diameter matching the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17) and an outer diameter matching the diameter of the body (19B), so that a sliding surface is formed between the outer end (19C) and the convex cylinder (17), and a sliding surface is formed between the outer end (19C) and the internal space of the Belleville washers (15, 16), wherein the outer end (19C) is restricted between the annular protrusion (17C) and the convex cylinder stopper (18) to define the stroke of the concave cylinder (19). The inner diameter of the inner end (19A) and the body (19B) of the concave cylinder (19) defines an internal space (20) between the concave cylinder and the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17).

[0036] In one embodiment, the concave cylindrical stopper (21) is in the shape of a flanged or stepped cylinder and includes: an inner end (21A) having an inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17) and an outer diameter matching the outer diameter of the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19); and an outer end (21B) having an inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17) and an outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19), wherein the outer wall of the outer end (21B) is threaded to form a male thread (21C) for engaging with the female thread (19D) of the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19).

[0037] In one embodiment, the concave cylindrical stopper (21) includes an inner end (21A) having a cavity (21F) for receiving at least a portion of the sealing element (14) therein when the device (4') is installed in the housing (2) of the mill, thereby facilitating the pressure on the sealing element (14) to prevent the spillage and leakage of materials from the interior of the mill. In this embodiment, the sealing element (14) has a diameter that matches or is close to the diameter of the cavity (21F) such that the portion of the sealing element held within the cavity (21F) fits properly to ensure sealing and prevent the leakage of materials from the interior of the mill.

[0038] In one embodiment, as Figure 7A and Figure 7B shown, the diameter of the sealing member (14) can be less than the outer diameter of the concave cylindrical stopper (21), wherein the inner end (21A) of the concave cylindrical stopper (21) has a stepped interior (21E) so as to include: a first inner diameter adjacent to the edge of the inner end (21A), the first inner diameter coinciding with the diameter of the sealing element, wherein the first diameter extends into the interior of the inner end (21A) so as to form a cavity (21F) for receiving at least a portion of the sealing element (14), and when the device (4') is installed in the housing (2) of the mill, at least a portion of the sealing element remains within the concave cylindrical stopper (21), thereby facilitating the pressure on the sealing element (14) to prevent the spillage and leakage of materials from the interior of the mill; and a second inner diameter coinciding with the outer diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17). The diameter of the sealing element (14) can coincide with or be close to the first inner diameter or the diameter of the cavity (21F) such that at least a portion of the sealing element (14) is properly received within the cavity (21F).

[0039] In one embodiment, the outer diameter of the convex cylindrical stopper (18), the outer diameter of the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19), and the outer diameter of the inner end (21A) of the concave cylindrical stopper (21) are equal.

[0040] In one embodiment, the through hole (17E) in the annular protrusion (17C) has a cylindrical insert (22) having an internal longitudinal hole that prevents viscous fluid from passing between the cavities of the internal space (20), thereby increasing the resistance to relative movement between the concave cylinder (19) and the convex cylinder (17), and thus enhancing the shock-absorbing capacity of the shock-absorbing element (13).

[0041] In one embodiment, the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) includes an external groove (17F) for placing a cylindrical seal (23), and the cylindrical seal prevents the viscous fluid in the internal space (20) from passing through the sliding surface between the concave cylinder (19) and the annular protrusion (17C), thereby reducing the shock-absorbing capacity of the shock-absorbing element (13).

[0042] In one embodiment, the diameter of the body (19B) of the concave cylinder (19) is larger than the diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) by a certain amount, and this amount is within the adjustment specifications indicated for the proper function of the seal (23), which ensures the tightness and sliding of the concave cylinder (19) on the convex cylinder (17).

[0043] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the outer end (19C) of the concave cylinder (19) includes at least one groove (19E) for placing a cylindrical seal (24), and the cylindrical seal prevents the viscous fluid in the internal space (20) from passing through the sliding surface between the outer end (19C) and the convex cylinder (17) and escaping to the outside.

[0044] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the outer end (21B) of the concave cylinder stopper (21) includes at least one groove (21D) for placing a cylindrical seal (25), and the cylindrical seal prevents the viscous fluid in the internal space (20) from passing through the sliding surface between the concave cylinder stopper (21) and the convex cylinder (17) and escaping to the outside.

[0045] In one embodiment, the Belleville washers (15, 16) are arranged such that their concave surfaces abut against convex surfaces or their concave surfaces abut against concave surfaces.

[0046] In one embodiment, when the new device (4') includes two or more pairs of Belleville washers (15, 16), each pair is arranged such that the washers of each pair face each other with their concave surfaces, thereby extending the elongation range between the head (7) of the fastening bolt (6) and its nut (5). In another embodiment, when the new device (4') includes two pairs of Belleville washers (15, 16), each pair of washers is arranged such that the concave surface in one pair faces the convex surface of the washer in the other pair, and the washers in each pair interact with each other through their concave surfaces.

Claims

1. A device (4') for preventing spillage from the interior of a mining mill, the device maintaining the seal on the fastening bolts (6) of the lining (1) on the hood (2) of the mill, allowing for greater elongation between the bolt head (7) and its nut (5) by applying pressure on at least one sealing element (14) on the hood (2) of the mill, and preventing the high-speed projection of its elements in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components; characterized in that, The device includes at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) or disc springs, and a shock-absorbing element (13) is installed in the annular space of the Belleville washers or disc springs. The shock-absorbing element has an inner end (13A) in contact with the at least one sealing element (14) and an outer end (13B) protruding onto the at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16), and has a flange shape (18B) or diameter allowing the nut (5) to act on the Belleville washers (15, 16). Wherein the shock-absorbing element (13) has a sliding structure of components, and the sliding structure allows relative movement between the components, so that the total length of the shock-absorbing element (13) is variable, thereby facilitating an increase in the elongation range between the head (7) of the fastening bolt (6) and its nut (5), while compressing the at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) and the at least one sealing element (14). Wherein the shock-absorbing element (13) has an internal space (20) filled with a viscous fluid. When the shock-absorbing element (13) is in an operation of opposite movement together with the mill, the position of the viscous fluid changes, and the resistance is of a shock-absorbing type, that is, when the relative speed between the components of the shock-absorbing element (13) is large, the resistance is large.

2. The device (4') according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shock-absorbing element (13) includes: · A convex cylinder (17) having an inner opening into which the fastening bolt (6) is inserted. The convex cylinder has an inner end (17A) and an outer end (17B), and the outer wall of the convex cylinder includes an annular protrusion (17C), such that the large diameter of the convex cylinder (17) is smaller than the internal space of the at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16). Wherein the outer wall is threaded at the outer end (17B) to form a convex thread (17D); · A convex cylinder stopper (18) having an inner opening, the inner diameter of which coincides with the outer diameter of the outer end (17B) of the convex cylinder (17). Wherein the inner wall of the convex cylinder stopper (18) is threaded to form a concave thread (18A) engaging with the convex thread (17D) of the convex cylinder (17). Wherein the outer diameter of the convex cylinder stopper (18) is at least larger than the diameter of the internal space of the at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16), such that the convex cylinder stopper (18) protrudes onto the at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) and its outer edge defines a flange (18B) or collar of the shock-absorbing element (13), and the flange or collar has a diameter allowing the nut (5) to act on the Belleville washers (15, 16); · A concave cylinder (19) having an inner opening and slidably mounted on the convex cylinder (17) to compress the at least a pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) together with the convex cylinder stopper (18), including: An inner end (19A), having: an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17), wherein the outer wall is threaded at the inner end (19A) to form a concave thread (19D); and an outer diameter at least greater than the diameter of the inner space of the at least one pair of Belleville washers (15, 16), such that the at least one pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) is supported on the inner end (19A); A body (19B), having an inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17), thereby forming a sliding surface between the body (19B) and the annular protrusion (17C); An outer end (19C), having: an inner diameter matching the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17); and an outer diameter less than the outer diameter of the inner end (19A), such that a sliding surface is formed between the outer end (19C) and the convex cylinder (17), and the outer end (19C) is restricted between the annular protrusion (17C) and the convex cylinder stopper (18), thereby defining the stroke of the concave cylinder (19); wherein the inner end (19A) and the body (19B) define the inner space (20) between the concave cylinder (19) and the convex cylinder (17); and · A concave cylinder stopper (21), having an inner opening and screwed into the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19), the concave cylinder stopper maintaining the tightness of the inner space (20) between the convex cylinder (17) and the concave cylinder (19), having an inner diameter matching the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17), thereby forming a sliding surface; · wherein the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) divides the inner space (20) into two chambers, the two chambers being defined between the concave cylinder stopper (21) and the annular protrusion (17C), and between the annular protrusion (17C) and the convex cylinder stopper (18), wherein the inner space is filled with a viscous fluid, and when the position of the concave cylinder (19) changes, the viscous fluid passes from one side to the other between the chambers of the inner space (20) through the through-hole (17E) in the annular protrusion (17C), such that the fluid resists the resistance to the relative movement between the concave cylinder (19) and the convex cylinder (17) through the perforation (17E).

3. The device (4') according to claim 2, characterized in that, The concave cylinder (19) has a stepped configuration, including: · An inner section, which defines the inner end (19A), the inner end having: an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17); and an outer diameter at least greater than the diameter of the inner space of the at least one pair of Belleville washers (15, 16), such that the at least one pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) is supported on the inner end (19A); · Intermediate section, which defines the body (19B), the body having: an inner diameter that coincides with the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17); and an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner space of the at least one pair of Belleville washers (15, 16), such that a sliding surface is formed between the body (19B) and the annular protrusion (17C), and a sliding surface is formed between the body (19B) and the inner space of the Belleville washers (15, 16); and · Outer section, which defines the outer end (19C), the outer end having: an inner diameter that coincides with the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17); and an outer diameter that coincides with the diameter of the body (19B), such that a sliding surface is formed between the outer end (19C) and the convex cylinder (17), and a sliding surface is formed between the outer end (19C) and the inner space of the Belleville washers (15, 16), wherein the outer end (19C) is restricted between the annular protrusion (17C) and the convex cylinder stopper (18), thereby defining the stroke of the concave cylinder (19), · wherein the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19) and the inner diameter of the body (19B) define the inner space (20) between the concave cylinder and the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17).

4. The device (4') according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The convex cylinder stopper (18) has an extension that is greater than or equal to the convex thread (17D) of the convex cylinder (17).

5. The device (4') according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The concave cylinder stopper (21) is flange-shaped or stepped cylindrical, including: · Inner end (21A), which has: an inner diameter that coincides with the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17); and an outer diameter that coincides with the outer diameter of the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19); and · Outer end (21B), which has: an inner diameter that matches the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17); and an outer diameter that matches the inner diameter of the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19), wherein the outer wall of the outer end (21B) is threaded, thereby forming a convex thread (21C) for engaging with the concave thread (19D) of the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19).

6. The device (4') according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that The through hole (17E) in the annular protrusion (17C) has an insert (22) placed therein, having an internal longitudinal perforation that prevents viscous fluid from passing between the cavities of the inner space (20), so as to increase the resistance to the relative movement between the concave cylinder (19) and the convex cylinder (17), thereby facilitating the shock absorption ability of the shock absorption element (13).

7. The device (4') according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that The annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) includes an outer groove (17F) for placing a cylindrical seal (23), and the cylindrical seal prevents the viscous fluid in the internal space (20) from passing through the sliding surface between the concave cylinder (19) and the annular protrusion (17C).

8. The device (4') according to claim 7, characterized in that, The diameter of the main body (19B) of the concave cylinder (19) is larger than the diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) by a certain amount, and the amount is within the adjustment specifications indicated for the proper function of the seal (23), which ensures the tightness and sliding of the concave cylinder (19) on the convex cylinder (17).

9. The device (4') according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that, The inner wall of the outer end (19C) of the concave cylinder (19) includes at least one groove (19E) for placing a cylindrical seal (24), and the cylindrical seal prevents the viscous fluid in the internal space (20) from passing through the sliding surface between the outer end (19C) and the convex cylinder (17), so as to escape to the outside.

10. The device (4') according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that, The inner wall of the outer end (21B) of the concave cylinder stopper (21) includes at least one groove (21D) for placing a cylindrical seal (25), and the cylindrical seal prevents the viscous fluid in the internal space (20) from passing through the sliding surface between the concave cylinder stopper and the convex cylinder (17), so as to escape to the outside.

11. The device (4') according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that, The Belleville washers (15, 16) are arranged with the concave side against the convex side or the concave side against the concave side.

12. The device (4') according to any one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that The device includes two pairs of Belleville washers (15, 16), and each pair is arranged such that the washers of the pair face each other with their concave surfaces.

13. The device (4') according to any one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that, The device includes two or more pairs of Belleville washers (15, 16), wherein each pair is arranged such that the concave surface in one pair of washers faces the convex surface of another pair of washers, and the washers in each pair interact with each other through the concave surfaces.

14. The device (4') according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The concave cylinder stopper (21) includes an inner end (21A) having a cavity (21F), and when the device (4') is installed in the hood (2) of the mill, the cavity is used to receive at least a part of the sealing element (14) in the inner end.

15. A shock-absorbing element (13) of a device (4') for preventing overflow from the interior of a mining mill, the shock-absorbing element retaining a seal on a fastening bolt (6) of a lining (1) on a cover (2) of the mill, allowing for greater elongation between a bolt head (7) and its nut (5) by applying pressure on at least one sealing element (14) on a mill housing (2), and preventing elements of the device (4') from protruding at high speed in the event of a sudden release or failure of any of its components; characterized in that, The shock-absorbing element has a cylindrical shape with an inner opening for inserting the fastening bolt (6), an inner end (13A), and an outer end (13B) in the shape of a flange (18B), wherein the shock-absorbing element (13) has a sliding structure of components that allows relative movement between the components such that the total length of the shock-absorbing element (13) is variable, thereby facilitating an increased elongation range between the head (7) of the fastening bolt (6) and its nut (5), and wherein the shock-absorbing element (13) has an internal space (20) filled with a viscous fluid, and when the shock-absorbing element (13) is in an operation of opposite movement, the position of the viscous fluid changes, and the resistance is of the shock-absorbing type, that is, when the relative speed between the components of the shock-absorbing element (13) is large, the resistance is large.

16. The damping element (13) according to claim 15, characterized in that, The shock-absorbing element includes: · A convex cylinder (17) having an inner opening for inserting the fastening bolt (6), an inner end (17A), and an outer end (17B), the outer wall of the convex cylinder including an annular protrusion (17C), wherein the outer wall is threaded at the outer end (17B) to form a convex thread (17D); · A convex cylinder stopper (18) having an internal opening with an inner diameter that coincides with the outer diameter of the outer end (17B) of the convex cylinder (17), wherein the inner wall of the convex cylinder stopper (18) is threaded to form a concave thread (18A) for coupling with the convex thread (17D) of the convex cylinder (17), and wherein the outer diameter protrudes outward such that its outer edge defines a flange (18B); · A concave cylinder (19) having an inner opening and slidably mounted on the convex cylinder (17) to compress the at least one pair of Belleville washers (15, 16) together with the convex cylinder stopper (18), including: ο An inner end (19A) having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17), wherein the outer wall is threaded at the inner end (19A) to form a concave thread (19D); ο A body (19B) having: an inner diameter that matches the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17), thereby forming a sliding surface between the body (19B) and the annular protrusion (17C); and an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the inner end (19A); and ο An outer end (19C) having: an inner diameter that matches the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17), such that a sliding surface is formed between the outer end (19C) and the convex cylinder (17); and an outer diameter that matches the outer diameter of the body (19B), and the outer end (19C) is restricted between the annular protrusion (17C) and the convex cylinder stopper (18), thereby defining the stroke of the concave cylinder (19). ο wherein the inner end (19A) and the body (19B) define the internal space (20) between the concave cylinder (19) and the convex cylinder (17); and · a concave cylinder stopper (21) having an inner opening and screwed into the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19), the concave cylinder stopper maintaining the tightness of the internal space (20) between the convex cylinder (17) and the concave cylinder (19), having an inner diameter matching the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17) so as to form a sliding surface, · wherein the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) divides the internal space (20) into two chambers defined between the concave cylinder stopper (21) and the annular protrusion (17C), and defined between the annular protrusion (17C) and the convex cylinder stopper (18), wherein the internal space is filled with a viscous fluid, and when the position of the concave cylinder (19) changes, the viscous fluid passes from one side to the other between the chambers of the internal space (20) through the through hole (17E) in the annular protrusion (17C), so that the fluid resists the resistance to the relative movement between the concave cylinder (19) and the convex cylinder (17) through the perforation (17E).

17. The damping element (13) according to claim 16, characterized in that, The concave cylinder (19) has a stepped structure, including: · an inner section defining the inner end (19A) having: an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17); and an outer diameter at least greater than the diameter of the internal space of the Belleville washers (15, 16); · a middle section defining the body (19B) having: an inner diameter coinciding with the outer diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) so as to form a sliding surface between the body (19B) and the annular protrusion (17C); and an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the inner end (19A); and · an outer section defining the outer end (19C) having: an inner diameter coinciding with the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17); and an outer diameter coinciding with the diameter of the body (19B), so as to form a sliding surface between the outer end (19C) and the convex cylinder (17), and a sliding surface between the outer end (19C) and the internal space of the Belleville washers (15, 16), wherein the outer end (19C) is restricted between the annular protrusion (17C) and the convex cylinder stopper (18), thereby defining the stroke of the concave cylinder (19), · wherein the inner diameters of the inner end (19A) and the body (19B) of the concave cylinder (19) define the internal space (20) between the concave cylinder and the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17).

18. The damping element (13) according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The convex cylindrical stopper (18) has an extension greater than or equal to the convex thread (17D) of the convex cylinder (17).

19. The damping element (13) according to claims 16 to 18, characterized in that, The concave cylindrical stopper (21) is flange-shaped or stepped cylindrical and includes: · An inner end (21A) having an inner diameter matching the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17); and · An outer end (21B) having: an inner diameter matching the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17); and an outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19), wherein the outer wall of the outer end (21B) is threaded to form a convex thread (21C) for engaging the concave thread (19D) of the inner end (19A) of the concave cylinder (19).

20. The damping element (13) according to claims 16 to 19, characterized in that, The through hole (17E) in the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) has a cylindrical insert (22) having an internal longitudinal perforation that prevents viscous fluid from passing between the cavities of the internal space (20), thereby increasing the resistance to relative movement between the concave cylinder (19) and the convex cylinder (17), thus facilitating the shock absorption ability of the shock absorption element (13).

21. The damping element (13) according to claims 16 to 20, characterized in that, The annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) includes an external groove (17F) for placing a cylindrical seal (23), and the cylindrical seal prevents the viscous fluid in the internal space (20) from passing through the sliding surface between the concave cylinder (19) and the annular protrusion (17C).

22. The damping element (13) according to claim 21, characterized in that, The diameter of the main body (19B) of the concave cylinder (19) is larger than the diameter of the annular protrusion (17C) of the convex cylinder (17) by a certain amount, and this amount is within the adjustment specifications indicated for the proper function of the seal (23), which ensures the tightness and sliding of the concave cylinder (19) on the convex cylinder (17).

23. The damping element (13) according to claims 16 to 22, characterized in that, The inner wall of the outer end (19C) of the concave cylinder (19) includes at least one groove (19E) for placing a cylindrical seal (24), and the cylindrical seal prevents the viscous fluid in the internal space (20) from passing through the sliding surface between the outer end (19C) and the convex cylinder (17) and thus escaping to the outside.

24. The damping element (13) according to claims 16 to 23, characterized in that, The inner wall of the outer end (21B) of the concave cylindrical stopper (21) includes at least one groove (21D) for placing a cylindrical seal (25), and the cylindrical seal prevents the viscous fluid in the internal space (20) from passing through the sliding surface between the concave cylindrical stopper (21) and the convex cylinder (17) and escaping to the outside.

25. The damping element (13) according to claims 15 to 24, characterized in that, The concave cylindrical stopper (21) includes an inner end (21A) having a cavity (21F) for accommodating at least a part of the sealing element (14) in the inner end when the device (4') is installed in the housing (2) of the mill.

26. The damping element (13) according to any one of claims 15 to 24, characterized in that The concave cylindrical stopper (21) has an inner end (21A) with a stepped interior (21E) that includes: a first inner diameter adjacent to the edge of the inner end (21A), the first inner diameter coinciding with the diameter of the sealing element (14), where the first diameter extends into the interior of the inner end (21A) to form a cavity (21F) for receiving at least a portion of the sealing element (14); and a second inner diameter that coincides with the diameter of the outer wall of the convex cylinder (17).

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