Devices, systems, and methods for fluid sensing

Abstract

The present invention provides a device (11, 12, 13) for fluid sensing, comprising an arch structure having graphene and / or its related compound or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material (2DM); the other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials comprise molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (phosphorene) and transition metal disulfides (TMDs). The dome structure may introduce turbulent flow into its received fluid flow, thereby altering the noise spectrum (one or both) of the dome structure and altering the electrical characteristics of the dome structure, thereby enabling sensing of one or more fluid flows in the environment. In addition, related systems and methods are also disclosed.

Description

Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to Singapore Patent Application No. 10202251608T, filed on November 3, 2022, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of fluid sensing. Specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus, system, and method for sensing one or more fluids in an environment by introducing turbulence into the fluid flow it receives. Background Art

[0003] Chemical sensors are an important type of device widely used in fluid detection, and their detection targets can include low-concentration gases, toxic gases, volatile organic compounds, or water molecules, etc.

[0004] Graphene materials, as a type of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials (2DMs), are highly sensitive to a variety of gases due to their physical properties, and thus have been widely studied as sensing units for chemical sensors. Their electrical conductivity changes due to the adsorption of chemical substances. When graphene is stacked or constructed into a three-dimensional structure, it shows more promising practical application potential. This is because the increase in the spatial dimension of the three-dimensional structure gives it a larger accessible surface area and a rich hierarchical pore structure, which can not only promote the full adsorption and diffusion of target chemical molecules, but also significantly improve the sensitivity. In addition, through the Joule-heating effect, the complete reverse operation of the sensor can be achieved, thus enabling continuous monitoring of chemical substances.

[0005] In the prior art related to three-dimensional graphene structures, there are the works of Sui et al. (doi:10.1021 / am402661t), which disclose a simple method for preparing three-dimensional porous materials by the interaction between graphene oxide sheets and polyethyleneimine; and the works of Song et al. (doi:10.1016 / j.cej.2019.03.254), which disclose a method for growing highly ordered flexible graphene-based three-dimensional nanostructures with a blanket-like geometry.

[0006] In the prior art related to graphene-based structures for fluid sensing, including the work of Hou et al. (doi:10.1016 / j.snb.2020.128236), which discloses a process for forming a graphene-based three-dimensional nanostructure for triethylamine sensing; the work of Liu et al. (doi:10.1088 / 0960-1317 / 19 / 3 / 035028), which discloses the preparation of polydimethylsiloxane microcolumns on which graphene oxide sheets are allowed to adsorb, and the resulting 3D graphene film can be used as a conductive working electrode and an enzyme-mediated sensor with a large surface area; the work of Loh et al. (doi:10.1021 / acsanm.9b00572), which discloses a disordered sheet arrangement to increase the surface area availability for gas sensing by a graphene-based gas sensor; the work of Yang et al. (doi:10.1039 / C9TA07855J), which discloses a chemiresistive gas sensor platform with a porous laser-induced graphene pattern that provides local Joule heating repair for the sensing region during its operation; and the work of Hassan et al. (doi:10.1021 / acssensors.1c01449), which discloses a chemiresistive sensor with a fractal geometry that enhances its performance.

[0007] In the prior art related to the fabrication of three-dimensional macroscopic structures, including the work of Jakus et al. (doi:10.1021 / acsnano.5b01179), which discloses a 3D printable graphene composite that can be used for extrusion printing to fabricate 3D graphene structures; the work of Lu et al. (doi:10.1002 / bit.27592), which discloses a graphene oxide ink with good rheological properties; and the work of Kim et al. (doi:10.1038 / s41928-021-00622-9), which discloses a particle-based thermoelectric ink that can be used to fabricate three-dimensional thermoelectric structures.

[0008] However, all of the above prior art provides complex and difficult-to-repeat fabrication processes. In addition, the prior art does not focus on the structural layout design for fluid sensing and its impact on the overall fluid sensing performance. In other words, the prior art neither discusses nor considers the sensing effectiveness of analyzing multiple fluids in an environment with dynamic fluids or constantly moving fluids. Therefore, the devices, systems, and methods for fluid sensing disclosed in the prior art may not be usable in a windy environment.

[0009] Accordingly, there is a desire for a fluid sensing device, system, and method that can (i) operate in an environment with dynamic or constantly moving fluids, and (ii) reduce the received fluid flow rate to sense one or more types of fluids simultaneously present in the environment. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] An object of the present invention is to provide a fluid sensing device, system, and method that can operate in an environment with dynamic or constantly moving fluids and reduce the received fluid flow rate to sense one or more types of fluids simultaneously present in the environment. To achieve this object, the present invention provides a fluid sensing device including an arched vertical structure containing graphene (2DM) and / or its related compounds or any other type of 2DM, such as molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), phosphorene, or transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The vertical or arched structure introduces turbulence into the fluid flow it receives, thereby changing its intrinsic properties to be able to sense one or more types of fluids simultaneously present in the environment. The system and method involve using more than one fluid sensing device.

[0011] Advantageously, the present invention provides a fluid sensing device, system, and method that can slow down and substantially capture the fluid flowing towards it. This is attributed to the establishment of a vertical or arched structure with a novel shape and layout, which reduces the movement speed of fluid molecules near the sensor. Thus, the device, system, and method provided by the present invention can effectively sense fluids in a windy environment. This characteristic is not present in any current traditional fluid sensors, which typically only have a planar sensing surface.

[0012] Equally advantageously, the present invention provides a fluid sensing device, system, and method having a vertical or arched structure with a sensing material based on two-dimensional inorganic layered materials, which are highly sensitive to various fluids including gaseous elements and volatile organic compounds. The three-dimensional nature of the vertical or arched structure enables the sensing of fluid molecules passing by and over the planar surface, while the two-dimensional inorganic layered material (2DM) makes the vertical or arched structure highly sensitive to surface perturbations caused by any fluid adsorbed on its surface. This enables the fluid sensing device, system, and method provided by the present invention to respond non-selectively to various fluids present in the environment.

[0013] Equally beneficial, compared to conventional planar sensors with flat sensing surfaces, the vertical or arch-shaped structure arrays provided by the present invention can more effectively capture or retain fluids in a constant state of motion. These structures are arranged to reduce the overall velocity of the fluid when the fluid approaches near the structures.

[0014] Equally beneficial, the present invention provides a three-dimensional printing process formulation suitable for direct ink writing. Thereby, the fabrication of fluid-sensing three-dimensional structures in the form of a spatial array is achieved through direct ink writing.

[0015] The present invention aims to provide a fluid-sensing device, which includes an arch-shaped structure having graphene and / or its related compounds and / or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials, wherein the arch-shaped structure introduces turbulence into the fluid flow it receives, such that the noise spectrum of the arch-shaped structure is modified, and / or such that the electrical properties of the arch-shaped structure are changed, thereby enabling the sensing of one or more types of fluids present in the environment.

[0016] Preferably, with respect to the device, the arch-shaped structure is substantially made of graphene and / or its related compounds and / or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials, or is coated with graphene and / or its related compounds and / or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials.

[0017] Preferably, with respect to the device, the arch-shaped structure includes a columnar body having a certain width between its bottoms, and the ratio of the columnar body diameter to the width ranges from about 1:4 to about 1:7.

[0018] Preferably, with respect to the device, the ratio of the columnar body diameter to the columnar body height of each columnar body of the arch-shaped structure is about 1:10.

[0019] Preferably, with respect to the device, the arch-shaped structure forms an electrical connection with a circuit.

[0020] The present invention further discloses a fluid-sensing system, which includes at least one fluid-sensing device, and the device includes an arch-shaped structure having graphene and / or its related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials. The arch-shaped structure of the device introduces turbulence into the fluid flow it receives, such that the noise spectrum of the arch-shaped structure is modified, and / or such that the electrical properties of the arch-shaped structure are changed, thereby enabling the sensing of one or more types of fluids present in the environment.

[0021] Preferably, with respect to the system, the arch-shaped structure of the device is substantially made of graphene and / or its related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials, or is coated with graphene and / or its related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials.

[0022] Preferably, with respect to the system, these devices are arranged such that their arched structures form a spatial array, where at least one device is orthogonally oriented with respect to another device, and / or at least one device is parallel to another device.

[0023] Preferably, with respect to the system, the spatial array formed by the arched structures of these devices includes a first group of devices located at a first position, whose arched structures are parallel to a first reference line; and a second group of devices located at a second position, whose arched structures are parallel to the first reference line.

[0024] Preferably, with respect to the system, the spatial array formed by the arched structures of these devices further includes a third group of devices located at a third position, whose arched structures are parallel to a second reference line perpendicular to the first reference line; and a fourth group of devices located at a fourth position, whose arched structures are parallel to the second reference line.

[0025] Preferably, with respect to the system, the first group of devices and the second group of devices are symmetrically spaced along the second reference line, and the third group of devices and the fourth group of devices are symmetrically spaced along the first reference line, where the third group of devices and the fourth group of devices or parts thereof are located between the first group of devices and the second group of devices.

[0026] Preferably, with respect to the system, it further includes one or more conductive paths that electrically connect these devices to form a circuit.

[0027] Preferably, with respect to the system, the arched structures of these devices each further include a base, where at least one base of one arched structure forms a substantial electrical connection with at least one adjacent base of another arched structure through a conductive path to form a series or parallel electrical connection.

[0028] Preferably, with respect to the system, it further includes a support having a substrate on which these devices stand.

[0029] The present invention also provides a fluid sensing method, including the following steps: preparing a fluid sensing system, where the system includes at least one fluid sensing device that includes an arched structure having graphene and / or its related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material; and placing the fluid sensing system in an environment having one or more fluids. The arched structures of these devices introduce turbulence into the fluid flow they receive, such that the noise spectrum of the arched structure is modified, and / or such that the electrical properties of the arched structure are changed, thereby enabling the sensing of one or more types of fluids present in the environment.

[0030] Preferably, with respect to this method, the steps of fabricating a fluid sensing system further include the following steps: arranging these devices such that their arch structures are arranged in a spatial array, wherein at least one arch structure of one device is in an orthogonal orientation relative to at least one arch structure of another device, and / or at least one arch structure of one device is parallel to at least one arch structure of another device.

[0031] Preferably, with respect to this method, the steps of fabricating a fluid sensing system further include the following steps: preparing a resin containing graphene and an elastomeric polymer; printing a conductive ink on a substrate to form a conductive path; and printing the resin on the conductive path to form an arch structure.

[0032] Preferably, with respect to this method, the steps of fabricating a fluid sensing system further include the following steps: preparing an aqueous solution containing graphene; preparing a resin containing an elastomeric polymer; printing a conductive ink on a substrate to form a conductive path; printing the resin on the conductive path to form an arch structure; and coating the arch structure with the aqueous solution.

[0033] Preferably, with respect to this method, it further includes the following steps: arranging the arch structures of these devices such that at least one base of one arch structure forms a substantial electrical connection with at least one adjacent base of another arch structure through a conductive path, thereby forming a series or parallel electrical connection.

[0034] Preferably, with respect to this method, the step of printing a conductive ink on a substrate and the step of printing a resin on the printed conductive ink are performed using a printing nozzle with a nozzle size substantially equal to the thickness of the arch structure.

[0035] The present invention also provides a method for three-dimensional printing a sensing element, the method including: creating a model data file corresponding to a model having a geometry of a plurality of arch structures; creating a motion data file for a three-dimensional printing device; preparing a resin containing an elastomeric polymer; preparing a solution containing graphene and / or related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material; using the motion data file to print the resin onto a substrate to form a plurality of arch structures in an array; coating the plurality of arch structures with a solution containing graphene and / or related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material; and after drying the arch structures, connecting the array of arch structures to a circuit for fluid sensing.

[0036] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is applicable to achieving the stated purposes, obtaining the stated results and advantages, and the purposes, results and advantages inherent therein. The embodiments described herein are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Description of the Drawings

[0037] For ease of understanding the present invention, the accompanying drawings show preferred embodiments, and by examining the drawings in conjunction with the following description, the present invention and its construction, operation, and many advantages will be readily understood and appreciated.

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic front view showing a first exemplary embodiment of the device of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic front view showing a second exemplary embodiment of the device of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 is a schematic front view showing a third exemplary embodiment of the device of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view showing a plurality of fluid sensing devices of the first exemplary embodiment.

[0042] Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view showing a plurality of fluid sensing devices of the second exemplary embodiment.

[0043] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing (i) Figure 4 a plurality of fluid sensing devices of the first exemplary embodiment shown, and (ii) Figure 5 a plurality of fluid sensing devices of the second exemplary embodiment shown, and a schematic diagram of the relationship between fluid velocity and the x-axis direction.

[0044] Figure 7 is a schematic top view showing a preferred arrangement of a plurality of fluid sensing devices of the first exemplary embodiment in a fluid sensing system.

[0045] Figure 8 is a schematic side view showing a preferred arrangement of a plurality of fluid sensing devices of the first exemplary embodiment in a fluid sensing system.

[0046] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing a result of a wind field computational fluid dynamics simulation of a fluid sensing system according to a preferred embodiment shown in Figures 7 - 8 is a schematic diagram showing a result of a wind field computational fluid dynamics simulation of a fluid sensing system according to a preferred embodiment shown in

[0047] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between fluid velocity and the x-axis direction of a fluid sensing system according to a preferred embodiment shown in Figures 7 - 8 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between fluid velocity and the x-axis direction of a fluid sensing system according to a preferred embodiment shown in

[0048] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram showing a top view of a fluid sensing system according to a preferred embodiment shown in Figures 7 - 8 wherein the devices are substantially connected in series electrically.

[0049] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram showing a top view of a fluid sensing system according to a preferred embodiment shown inFigures 7 - 8 Schematic top view of a fluid sensing system of a preferred embodiment shown, where the devices are substantially connected in parallel electrically.

[0050] Figure 13 Flowchart showing a first exemplary method of preparing or manufacturing a fluid sensing system having a plurality of fluid sensing devices, which system may be according to Figures 7 - 8 the preferred embodiment shown.

[0051] Figure 14 Is a schematic diagram showing a first exemplary method for preparing or manufacturing a fluid sensing system according to Figures 7 - 8 the preferred embodiment shown, based on Figure 13 the steps described in

[0052] Figure 15 Is a schematic diagram showing the movement trajectory of a second printing device when printing a plurality of fluid sensing devices to manufacture a fluid sensing system according to Figures 7 - 8 the preferred embodiment shown, the process being based on Figure 13 the steps described in , and the devices in the system are arranged in series connection.

[0053] Figure 16 Is a schematic diagram showing the movement trajectory of a second printing device when printing a plurality of fluid sensing devices to manufacture a fluid sensing system according to Figures 7 - 8 the preferred embodiment shown, the process being based on Figure 13 the steps described in , and the devices in the system are arranged in parallel connection.

[0054] Figure 17 Flowchart showing a second exemplary method of preparing or manufacturing a fluid sensing system having a plurality of fluid sensing devices, which system may be according to Figures 7 - 8 the preferred embodiment shown.

[0055] Figure 18 Is a schematic diagram showing a second exemplary method for preparing or manufacturing a fluid sensing system according to Figures 7 - 8 the preferred embodiment shown, based on Figure 17 the steps described in

[0056] Figures 19 - 21 Is a graph showing the comparison of the channel resistance Rch of a first system with series-connected devices, a second system with parallel-connected devices, and a conventional fluid sensing system for one or more environments including an air environment, a perfume environment, and a disinfectant environment.

[0057] Figures 22 - 24Shows average odor characteristic maps in the form of heatmaps, which represent input characterization results calculated from the raw data obtained from the first system, the second system, and the traditional system in an air environment, a perfume environment, and a disinfectant environment.

[0058] Figures 25 - 27 Shows median odor characteristic maps in the form of heatmaps, which represent input characterization results calculated from the raw data obtained from the first system, the second system, and the traditional system in an air environment, a perfume environment, and a disinfectant environment. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0059] The present invention relates to a fluid sensing device and its related systems and methods. The present invention can also be presented in several different embodiments with common elements.

[0060] According to the concept of the present invention, the fluid sensing device includes a three-dimensional vertical or arched structure having graphene and / or its related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material; other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials include, but are not limited to: molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (phosphorene), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The arched structure introduces turbulence into the fluid flow it receives, such that the noise spectrum of the arched structure is modified. And / or such that the electrical properties of the arched structure are changed. Thereby, one or more types of fluids present in the environment can be sensed.

[0061] Hereinafter, it should be noted that in the context of the present invention, the term "fluid" broadly refers to gaseous substances, which may include, but are not limited to: natural gases, artificial gases, volatile organic compounds, water vapor, etc. The term "fluid" can also refer to substances that have undergone boiling, vaporization, evaporation, or sublimation.

[0062] The present invention will now be described in more detail by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings. For ease of reference, common reference numerals or series of reference numerals will be used in all the drawings when referring to the same or similar common features in the drawings.

[0063] Figures 1 - 3 Is a schematic front view of the device for sensing fluids provided by the present invention in various exemplary embodiments. Specifically, Figure 1 Shows the device in the first exemplary embodiment 11, Figure 2 Shows the device in the second exemplary embodiment 12, Figure 3 Shows the device in the third exemplary embodiment 13.

[0064] Figure 1The device of the first exemplary embodiment 11 shown is described as follows: The first exemplary embodiment 11 includes one or more micro-sized columnar vertical structures that extend from a surface and converge at a common point above the surface, thereby forming an arched or pointed-arch structure having a defined length, width, and height.

[0065] Thus, the first exemplary embodiment 11 has an arched structure corresponding to a pointed-arch structure or a lancet arch structure, which has at least two bases 111, 112 and a vertex 113.

[0066] The first exemplary embodiment 11 can be further defined as having one or more physical parameters related to its length, width, and height, including the diameter of the columns and the span length between the columns (also referred to as the radius of the first exemplary embodiment 11).

[0067] It should be noted that the length between the bases 111, 112 and the vertex 113 can define the height of the first exemplary embodiment 11. In addition, the span length plus the column diameter of one column can define the width of the first exemplary embodiment 11.

[0068] Specifically, the first exemplary embodiment 11 can be substantially made of graphene and / or its related compounds and / or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials, or its outer surface is coated with graphene and / or its related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials, so that it can perform its intended operations. The related compounds of graphene can include but are not limited to graphene oxide (GO). It should be noted that in addition to graphene and / or its related compounds and / or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials, the first exemplary embodiment 11 can also include elements or compounds such as elastomers, which enable the first exemplary embodiment 11 to maintain its intended structural shape under various pressures including atmospheric pressure. Other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials include but are not limited to: molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (phosphorene), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs).

[0069] Specifically, in order for the first exemplary embodiment 11 to be used as a fluid sensing device, it is configured to have characteristics and / or performance similar to those of a two-terminal electronic component, even though it introduces turbulence into the fluid flow received on its three-dimensional body. Therefore, it should be noted that the first exemplary embodiment 11 can allow current to flow through its bases 111, 112. It should also be noted that the first exemplary embodiment 11 can also receive an electric potential applied between its bases 111, 112.

[0070] Thus, it can be seen that the first exemplary embodiment 11 can become part of a circuit.

[0071] Regarding the physical dimensions of the first exemplary embodiment 11, the ratio of the column diameter to the width ranges from about 1:4 to about 1:7.

[0072] Regarding the physical dimensions of the first exemplary embodiment 11, the ratio of the column diameter to the column height is about 1:10.

[0073] Thus, the column diameter of the first exemplary embodiment 11 can be about 400 microns or 0.4 mm, the height is about 3000 microns or 3 mm, the span length (i.e., the radius) is about 3000 microns or 3 mm, and the width is about 2800 microns or 2.8 mm.

[0074] Figure 2 The device of the second exemplary embodiment 12 shown is described as follows: Here, the embodiment 12 includes one or more micro-sized columnar vertical structures that can extend rigidly from the surface and bend at an angle (preferably a right angle) and converge in a common plane above and substantially parallel to the surface, thereby forming a structure that is generally arched or pointed-arch shaped with a defined length, width, and height.

[0075] Thus, the second exemplary embodiment 12 is considered to have an arched structure corresponding to a flat arch structure or a rectangular structure, which has at least two bases forming substantially vertical portions and a straight portion connecting the two substantially vertical portions.

[0076] The further description of the second exemplary embodiment 12 can be similar to the description of the first exemplary embodiment 11. Therefore, these further descriptions will not be repeated since the description of the first exemplary embodiment 11 can be applied to the second exemplary embodiment 12.

[0077] Figure 3 The device of the third exemplary embodiment 13 shown is described as follows: Here, the embodiment 13 includes one or more micro-sized columnar vertical structures that extend rigidly from the surface and converge at a common point above the surface, thereby forming a structure that is generally arched or pointed-arch shaped with a defined length, width, and height.

[0078] Thus, the third exemplary embodiment 13 is considered to have a structure corresponding to a pointed-arch structure or a triangular structure, which has at least two bases forming extending portions that converge at the common point.

[0079] The further description of the third exemplary embodiment 13 can be similar to the description of the first exemplary embodiment 11. Therefore, these further descriptions will not be repeated since the description of the first exemplary embodiment 11 can be applied to the third exemplary embodiment 13.

[0080] It should be noted that Figures 1 to 3The embodiments of the fluid sensing device shown should not be construed as limiting embodiments. For example, the fluid sensing device may also include symmetric or asymmetric arch structures and may be of any permitted structural shape as long as a span length is defined between the bases of the pillars and the pillars converge at a common point or common plane above the surface on which the pillar bases are located. The following description will equally apply to all permitted embodiments of the device, including Figures 1 to 3 the embodiments described in

[0081] The chromatographic mechanism of the device of the present invention is based on the recognition that certain types of fluids may cause a change in the resistance of a device composed of graphene (such as the device of the present invention) without a change in its low-frequency noise spectrum, thereby exhibiting chemoresistive properties. There are also certain types of fluids that can change the noise spectrum of a device composed of graphene (such as the device of the present invention) by inducing Lorentz components with unique characteristics. Therefore, the device of the present invention may be capable of sensing these two types of fluids.

[0082] It should be noted that in the case of exposure to a fluid, the appearance of Lorentz noise in a graphene-composed device may be due to:

[0083] i. Fluid molecules form specific traps and scattering centers in the graphene structure, which leads to fluctuations in the number of charge carriers in graphene due to fluctuations in trap occupancy or fluctuations in mobility due to fluctuations in the scattering cross-section; and / or

[0084] ii. The noise contribution caused by the adsorption and desorption kinetics of fluid molecules on the device with graphene under fluid exposure. A characteristic time scale for fluid adsorption and desorption can be obtained, which may be on the order of hundreds of seconds.

[0085] It is worth noting that in an environment where there are fluids including changes in nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor (H2O, corresponding to relative humidity) simultaneously, there may be multiple characteristic Lorentz frequencies representing each fluid, and the device of the present invention will be able to sense each fluid and provide its sensing measurement information to a downstream process, which will classify and quantify all types of fluids present simultaneously in the environment through machine learning.

[0086] Figures 4 - 6 is a schematic diagram showing the evaluation conducted to verify the performance of the fluid sensing device of the first embodiment 11 and the fluid sensing device of the second embodiment 12. It should be noted that the parameters defined or determined in the evaluation should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0087] Specifically, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing a perspective view of multiple fluid sensing devices of the first exemplary embodiment 11,Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view showing a plurality of fluid sensing devices of a second exemplary embodiment 12. Finally, Figure 6 is a schematic view showing (i) Figure 4 a plurality of fluid sensing devices of the first exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 5 and (ii) a graph showing the relationship between the fluid velocity of a plurality of fluid sensing devices of the second exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 6 and the x-axis direction. The graph of Figure 6 is preferably obtained by simulating a dynamic environment with fluid flow using conventional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation software.

[0088] Figures 7 - 12 is a schematic view substantially describing a fluid sensing system. Preferably, the fluid sensing system includes at least one or more fluid sensing devices as described above, each device comprising an arch structure containing graphene and / or its related compounds and / or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials.

[0089] The system may further include a conductive path (which may be in the form of a conductive trace) for electrically connecting these devices so that they form or become part of a circuit. The system may also include a support with a substrate, where the conductive traces are formed on the substrate, and these devices stand on the substrate on which the conductive traces are formed.

[0090] Figure 7 shows a top view of a plurality of fluid sensing devices of the first exemplary embodiment 11 in a preferred arrangement in a fluid sensing system, while Figure 8 shows a side view of a plurality of fluid sensing devices of the first exemplary embodiment 11 in a preferred arrangement in a fluid sensing system. Figures 7 - 8 corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the fluid sensing system provided by the present invention.

[0091] Specifically, it should be noted that in Figures 7 - 8 the preferred embodiment of Figures 7 - 8 , the fluid sensing devices are arranged such that their arch structures form a spatial array. The spatial array may include at least one device oriented orthogonally to another, or at least one device parallel to another. Alternatively, the spatial array may include at least one device oriented orthogonally to another, and at least one device parallel to another.

[0092] It should be noted that an embodiment of the fluid sensing system may include one or more groups of devices forming a spatial array.

[0093] In accordance with Figures 7 - 8In a preferred embodiment of the fluid sensing system, there is a spatial array that includes a first set of devices located at a first position, whose arched structures are arranged parallel to a first reference line; and a second set of devices located at a second position, whose arched structures are arranged parallel to the first reference line. It should be noted that the first reference line is an arbitrary line drawn along the substrate, the arched structures of these sets of devices stand on this substrate, and the orientation of the arched structures of these sets of devices is such that their width direction or span direction is parallel to the first reference line.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment of the system according to Figures 7 - 8 the spatial array may further include a third set of devices located at a third position, whose arched structures are arranged parallel to a second reference line perpendicular to the first reference line; and a fourth set of devices located at a fourth position, whose arched structures are parallel to the second reference line. It should be noted that the second reference line is an arbitrary line drawn along the substrate, the arched structures of these sets of devices stand on this substrate, and the orientation of the arched structures of these sets of devices is such that their width direction or span direction is parallel to the second reference line.

[0095] In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the system according to Figures 7 - 8 the first set of devices and the second set of devices may be symmetrically spaced apart along the second reference line. In addition, the third set of devices and the fourth set of devices may be symmetrically spaced apart along the first reference line.

[0096] In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the system according to Figures 7 - 8 the third set of devices and the fourth set of devices or parts thereof are substantially located between the first set of devices and the second set of devices.

[0097] In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the system according to Figures 7 - 8 the first set of devices and the second set of devices may include devices with arched structures of different widths. For example, in these sets of devices, there may be at least one device with an arched structure having a width of about 2800 microns or 2.8 millimeters, and at least one device with an arched structure having a width of about 1700 microns or 1.7 millimeters. Such a layout or arrangement may potentially improve the system's ability to slow down or capture the received fluid flow and reduce the manufacturing cost of the system.

[0098] In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the system according to Figures 7 - 8 the first set and the second set of devices include four devices, while the third set and the fourth set of devices include two devices. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the system according to Figures 7 - 8 there are a total of twelve devices.

[0099] In addition, from the side view of the preferred embodiment of the system shown in Figure 8 there are no uneven gaps between each column of the arched structures of the devices. In addition, when viewed from each side,Figure 8 The side views are substantially the same.

[0100] By virtue of such device arrangements and layouts described in the preferred embodiments of the system according to Figures 7 - 8 it should be able to capture or retain most or even all fluid flows from multiple directions.

[0101] Figures 9 - 10 is a schematic diagram showing an evaluation carried out to verify the performance of the fluid sensing system according to the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 7 - 8 It should be noted that the parameters defined or determined in the evaluation should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0102] Figure 9 shows the results of a wind field computational fluid dynamics simulation of the fluid sensing system according to the embodiment shown in Figures 7 - 8 It shows the results of a wind field computational fluid dynamics simulation of the fluid sensing system according to the embodiment shown in Figure 10 shows a graph of the fluid velocity of the fluid sensing system according to the embodiment shown in Figures 7 - 8 versus the x-axis direction. Figures 9 - 10 Preferably obtained by simulating a dynamic environment with fluid flow using conventional computational fluid dynamics simulation software (such as ANSYS FluentTM).

[0103] To simulate the dynamic environment, a model data file with the geometric information of the fluid sensing system corresponding to the embodiment shown in Figures 7 - 8 was constructed and imported into the simulation software. The simulation software was set to virtually simulate a closed space containing an inlet, an outlet, a ground, and its associated wall boundary conditions (i.e., slip, etc.). A simulation was set up to provide wind at an initial velocity of approximately 1 m / s from the inlet. Preferably, the mesh of the model data file is well-defined to ensure the accuracy of the simulation results. The simulation software extracts the average velocity of the simulated wind along the direction of the simulated wind on the defined surface of the mesh of the model data file to determine the reduction in the simulated wind velocity.

[0104] It should be noted that in the simulation, the fluid sensing system model of the preferred embodiment of the fluid sensing system according to Figures 7 - 8 is preferably oriented such that the direction of the received fluid flow (i.e., the direction of the simulated wind) is along the direction of the asymmetric part or side of the fluid sensing system, and vice versa. This concept preferably extends to the application, operation, or use of the fluid sensing system in real life.

[0105] In an explanation related to the orientation of the preferred embodiment of the system according to Figures 7 - 8 with respect to the direction of the received fluid flow, the orientation of the fluid sensing system is such that the width direction or span direction of its fluid sensing device is obliquely set at an acute angle with respect to the direction of the received fluid flow. As Figure 9As shown, the model of the fluid sensing system has been oriented such that its fluid sensing device is obliquely disposed at an acute angle of approximately 45° with respect to the direction of the simulated wind.

[0106] In another alternative explanation related to the orientation of the preferred embodiment of the system shown with respect to the direction of the received fluid flow, the direction of the received fluid flow may not be parallel to all the symmetry lines that may exist or are present on the fluid sensing system. Figures 7 - 8 As such, according to the simulation, it was noted that the speed of the simulated wind decreased significantly from an initial speed of approximately 1 m / s to a final speed of approximately 0.336 m / s after the simulated wind had substantially passed through all the devices of the fluid sensing system along its x-axis. Thus, it can be said that the system of the present invention reduces the speed of the received fluid flow to approximately one-third of its initial speed. Additionally, according to the simulated wind field profile, a portion of the simulated wind was substantially captured within the fluid sensing devices of the system.

[0107] It should be noted that in the preferred embodiment of the fluid sensing system according to

[0108] at least one base of one arched structure of one device forms a substantial electrical connection with at least one adjacent base of another arched structure of another device through a conductive path or conductive trace to form a series or parallel electrical connection. An example of such an electrical connection is shown in Figures 7 - 8 Figures 11 - 12

[0109] Figure 11 A top view of the fluid sensing system according to the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 7 - 8 is shown, where its devices are electrically connected to substantially form a series circuit. Figure 11 The spatial dimensions of the fluid sensing system are also shown, where the top view of the fluid sensing system is superimposed on a graph of the relationship between the length along the y-axis and the length along the x-axis.

[0110] Figure 12 A top view of the fluid sensing system according to the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 7 - 8 is shown, where its devices are electrically connected to substantially form a parallel circuit. Figure 12 The spatial dimensions of the fluid sensing system are also shown, where the top view of the fluid sensing system is superimposed on a graph of the relationship between the length along the y-axis and the length along the x-axis.

[0111] Figure 13 A step-by-step flowchart showing a first exemplary method of preparing or manufacturing a fluid sensing system having a plurality of fluid sensing devices, which system can be according to Figures 7 - 8 ​​The preferred embodiment shown. The first exemplary method preferably corresponds to a direct ink writing method. It should be noted that the steps described in this flowchart should not be construed as restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make minor modifications (such as adding, omitting, or swapping) to these steps without significantly deviating from the content described.

[0112] First, in step SA1, the step of creating a model data file corresponding to a geometric model of an entity with multiple arched structures is performed. The format of the model data file can be a format conventionally known in the art and is generated by known computer-aided design software. The file format can be, for example, the OBJ geometry format (.obj), the STL file format (.stl), etc.

[0113] Next, in step SA2, the step of simulating the model data file under simulated fluid conditions is performed. This is to verify the performance of the model.

[0114] Next, in step SA3, the step of creating a first motion data file for the first printing device is performed. This is so that the first printing device can be instructed to move and print conductive traces accordingly later.

[0115] Next, in step SA4, the step of creating a second motion data file for the second printing device is performed. This is so that the second printing device can be instructed to move and print the arched structure accordingly later. Preferably, the second motion data file is created based on the model data file created in step SA1. The second motion data file is used to control the x, y, and z axes of the second printing device. In addition, the second motion data file is used to control the movement speed and extrusion speed of the syringe according to the model design.

[0116] Next, in step SA5, the step of preparing graphene ink is performed. The graphene ink can contain graphene and an elastomeric polymer. Specifically, the graphene ink is from SIGMA-ALDRICHTM and preferably has a composition of about 60% by volume of graphene and about 40% by volume of elastomeric polymer. In another embodiment, the graphene in the ink is replaced or substituted by any other two-dimensional layered inorganic material (such as, but not limited to: molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (phosphorene), or transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)).

[0117] Next, in step SA6, the step of evaporating the graphene ink under ambient conditions is performed. This will cause the graphene ink to thicken. Alternatively, step SA6 can be performed by immersing the graphene ink in a water bath at a high temperature to accelerate the evaporation process.

[0118] Next, in step SA7, the step of preparing conductive ink is performed. Specifically, the conductive ink is silver paste and is from SIGMA-ALDRICHTM.

[0119] Next, in step SA8, the step of preparing a support with a substrate is performed. Conductive ink and an arch structure are printed on the substrate. Preferably, the substrate is Kapton tape as it ensures that the printed arch structure can be retained on the substrate.

[0120] Next, in step SA9, the step of printing conductive ink on the substrate by a first printing device to form a conductive trace thereon is performed. Preferably, this step is performed using a first motion data file that correspondingly indicates the first printing device. This step may also include the step of transferring a fixed volume of conductive ink (preferably about 5 ml) into the syringe of the first printing device. This step may also include the step of performing printing by the first printing device using a nozzle with a diameter of 400 microns (the same as the preferred column diameter of 400 microns). Graphene ink is 3D printed onto the Kapton tape substrate to ensure that the printed structure can adhere to the substrate. Additionally, the first printing device can be set to a motion speed of about 20 mm / min and can be further set to an extrusion speed of about 0.06 ml / min.

[0121] Next, in step SA10, the step of printing graphene ink on the substrate by a second printing device to form an arch structure on the conductive trace is performed. Preferably, this step is performed using a second motion data file that correspondingly indicates the second printing device. This step may also include the step of transferring a fixed volume of graphene ink (preferably about 5 ml) into the syringe of the second printing device. Additionally, the second printing device can be set to a motion speed of about 12 mm / min and can be further set to an extrusion speed of about 0.12 ml / min.

[0122] In one embodiment, the first printing device and the second printing device can be the same device, preferably a 3D printer sourced from SunP China.

[0123] Furthermore, before printing using the first printing device or the second printing device, some printing ink or printing material is extruded from the nozzle tip of the first printing device or the second printing device.

[0124] Thereby, in step SA11, a fluid sensing system having one or more fluid sensing devices including an arch structure is manufactured. The manufactured fluid sensing system can be Figures 7 - 8 in accordance with the preferred embodiment shown.

[0125] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing a first exemplary method for preparing or manufacturing a fluid sensing system based on the Figures 7 - 8 preferred embodiment shown, in accordance with the Figure 13 steps described.

[0126] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram showing the movement trajectory of a second printing device when printing a plurality of fluid sensing devices to manufacture a fluid sensing system according to the Figures 7 - 8 preferred embodiment shown. This process is based on the Figure 13 steps described, and the devices in the system are arranged in series connection.

[0127] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram showing that, according to the Figures 7 - 8 preferred embodiment shown, when the plurality of fluid sensing devices of the system are arranged in parallel connection, the movement of the second printing device when printing a plurality of devices for fluid sensing to manufacture a fluid sensing system, based on the Figure 13 steps described.

[0128] Figure 17 shows a step-by-step flowchart of a second example method for preparing or manufacturing a fluid sensing system comprising a plurality of fluid sensing devices, which system can be according to the Figures 7 - 8 preferred embodiment shown. The second example method preferably corresponds to a two-step method comprising stereolithography and aerosol jet printing. It should be noted that the steps described in this flowchart should not be construed as restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make minor modifications (such as adding, omitting, or swapping) to the steps without materially departing from the content described.

[0129] First, in step SB1, the step of creating a model data file corresponding to the solid geometric model of a plurality of arched structures is performed. The format of the model data file can be conventionally known in the art and is generated by known computer-aided design software. The file format can be, for example, the OBJ geometric format (.obj), the STL file format (.stl), etc.

[0130] Next, in step SB2, the step of simulating the model data file under simulated fluid conditions is performed. This is to verify the performance of the model.

[0131] Next, in step SB3, the step of creating a first motion data file is performed, which is used to instruct the first printing device to move and print conductive traces accordingly.

[0132] Next, in step SB4, the step of creating a second motion data file is performed, which is used to instruct the second printing device to move and print arched structures accordingly. Preferably, the second motion data file is created based on the model data file created in step SB1.

[0133] Next, in step SB5, the step of preparing an aqueous solution containing graphene is performed. Specifically, the aqueous solution is prepared by directly redispersing the graphene slurry in distilled water to form a low-viscosity solution. The graphene slurry can be sourced from SIGMA-ALDRICH™. In another embodiment, the aqueous solution of graphene and graphene-related compounds (e.g., graphene oxide) is replaced or substituted by an aqueous solution of any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material (2DM), including but not limited to: molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (phosphorene), or transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs).

[0134] Next, in step SB6, the step of preparing a resin is performed. Preferably, the resin is a transparent resin.

[0135] Next, in step SB7, the step of preparing a conductive ink is performed.

[0136] Next, in step SB8, the step of preparing a support having a substrate is performed. The substrate is where the conductive ink and the arch structure will be printed.

[0137] Next, in step SB9, the step of printing the conductive ink onto the substrate by a first printing device to form a conductive trace thereon is performed. Preferably, this step is performed using a first motion data file that correspondingly indicates the first printing device.

[0138] Next, in step SB10, the step of printing the resin onto the substrate by a second printing device to form an arch structure on the conductive trace is performed. Preferably, this step is performed using a second motion data file that correspondingly indicates the second printing device. Specifically, the arch structure is printed via stereolithography by the second printing device.

[0139] Next, in step SB11, the step of coating the printed arch structure with the aqueous solution by a coating device is performed. Preferably, this step is performed by aerosol spraying. Preferably, the coating device is an aerosol jet printer sourced from Optomec®. It should be noted that step SB11 can be repeated multiple times in order to coat the graphene ink of the aqueous solution onto the printed arch structure multiple times.

[0140] Thereby, in step SB12, a fluid sensing system including one or more fluid sensing devices including an arch structure is manufactured. The manufactured fluid sensing system can be according to Figures 7 - 8 the preferred embodiment shown.

[0141] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram showing based on Figure 17 the steps described, according to Figures 7 - 8Exemplary description of a second example method for preparing or manufacturing a fluid sensing system as shown in the preferred embodiment.

[0142] Figures 19 - 24 It is a chart showing the evaluation results. These evaluations are aimed at verifying the performance of the fluid sensing system provided by the present invention compared with traditional fluid sensing systems (i.e., traditional planar fluid sensors). It should be noted that the parameters defined or determined in the said evaluations should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0143] Specifically, obtain Figures 19 - 24 The evaluation of the results involves: a first fluid sensing system provided by the present invention, whose devices are connected in series; a second fluid sensing system provided by the present invention, whose devices are connected in parallel; and a traditional fluid sensing system, which is an inkjet-printed planar graphene sensor.

[0144] The evaluation setup includes placing the first system, the second system, and the traditional system in one or more environments with a fluid source as the main fluid. This environment can be a closed environment. Specifically, there is an air environment without a fluid source, a perfume environment with a perfume fluid source, and a disinfectant environment with a disinfectant fluid source. In these environments, a wind generating device that can swing left and right is used to diffuse the fluid around to circulate the fluid within the environment. In addition, in these environments, the first system, the second system, and the traditional system can be placed between the fluid source and the wind generating device.

[0145] Figures 19 - 21 It is a chart showing the comparison of the channel resistance Rch among the first system, the second system, and the traditional fluid sensing system in one or more environments including an air environment, a perfume environment, and a disinfectant environment. These charts illustrate the statistical characteristics of the raw resistance values obtained from these systems when they are exposed to different fluid environments under windy conditions.

[0146] Specifically, Figure 19 shows the raw measurement data corresponding to the first system whose devices are connected in series; Figure 20 corresponds to the traditional fluid sensing system, Figure 21 corresponds to the second system whose devices are connected in parallel.

[0147] Figures 22 - 24 It shows the average odor feature maps in the form of heatmaps, which are input feature representations calculated from the raw data obtained from the first system, the second system, and the traditional system. The y-axis of the average odor feature map represents the chromatographic separation of various types of fluids sensed in three different environments (i.e., air environment, perfume environment, and disinfectant environment). These averages are taken from a dataset containing at least 247,000 data points. Specifically, Figure 22Shows the average odor characteristic map corresponding to the first system (whose devices are connected in series) obtained in an air environment, a perfume environment, and a disinfectant solution environment. Figure 23 Shows the average odor characteristic map of a conventional system obtained in an air environment, a perfume environment, and a disinfectant solution environment. Figure 24 Shows the average odor characteristic map corresponding to the second system (whose devices are connected in parallel) obtained in an air environment, a perfume environment, and a disinfectant solution environment.

[0148] Figures 25 - 27 Shows the median odor characteristic maps in the form of heatmaps, which are input feature representations calculated from the raw data obtained from the first system, the second system, and the conventional system. The y-axis of the median odor characteristic maps represents the chromatographic separation of various types of fluids sensed in three different environments, namely, the air environment, the perfume environment, and the disinfectant solution environment. These medians are taken from a data set containing at least 247,000 data points. Specifically, Figure 25 Shows the median odor characteristic map corresponding to the first system (whose devices are connected in series) obtained in an air environment, a perfume environment, and a disinfectant solution environment. Figure 26 Shows the median odor characteristic map of a conventional system obtained in an air environment, a perfume environment, and a disinfectant solution environment. Figure 27 Shows the median odor characteristic map corresponding to the second system (whose devices are connected in parallel) obtained in an air environment, a perfume environment, and a disinfectant solution environment.

[0149] In Figure 17 , aerosol spraying has been described as an example of coating the above-mentioned arched structure; other possible methods of coating the above-mentioned arched structure with an aqueous solution containing graphene include other spraying, dip coating, brush coating, etc. In the above process step SA10, the arched structure is printed with graphene ink containing graphene and an elastomeric polymer. In another embodiment, the arched structure is printed with one or more elastomeric polymers, and then the printed arched structure is coated (e.g., aerosol spraying, dip coating, brush coating, etc.) with an aqueous solution of the following substances: graphene; graphene and its related compounds; or any other two-dimensional layered inorganic material (2DM) (e.g., molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (phosphorene), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), etc.). In addition, in Figure 13 and 17 , the conductive traces are printed with conductive ink to connect the printed arched structures to form series or parallel electrical connections; in another embodiment, for example, when the printed arched structures are connected in series, the step of printing the conductive traces can be omitted.

[0150] One potential application of the present invention includes crop management. When crops are stressed or diseased, they release fluids such as gaseous elements, compounds, or volatile organic compounds, which can be sensed by the present invention. This allows for the identification of problematic crops during the asymptomatic stage on a farm. In this way, early intervention can be carried out to prevent irreversible crop losses. The present invention can also be used to sense the ripeness of crops such as fruits for production control.

[0151] Another potential application of the present invention includes integrating it into an Internet of Things (IoT) platform to wirelessly track the quality of health, products, and agricultural products.

[0152] Another potential application of the present invention includes environmental monitoring and emission control within buildings to minimize human hazards and monitor the air quality of enclosed environments.

[0153] Another potential application of the present invention includes sensing one or more chemical signatures in medical diagnostics. The present invention can also be used to sense body odor for early warning of overexertion or potential health damage in athletes or military personnel.

[0154] To this point, details related to the fluid sensing device and its associated systems and methods have been described. The present disclosure includes the content of the appended claims as well as the above description. Although the present invention has been described in its preferred form to a rather specific degree, it should be understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form is by way of example only, and many changes can be made to the construction details and the combination and arrangement of components without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for fluid sensing, comprising: An arched structure having graphene and / or its related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material; Wherein the arched structure introduces turbulence into the fluid flow it receives, such that The noise spectrum of the arched structure is modified; and / or The electrical properties of the arched structure are changed; Thereby enabling the sensing of one or more types of fluids present in the environment.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the arched structure is: Substantially made of graphene and / or its related compounds / or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials, or Coated with graphene and / or its related compounds and / or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials.

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the arched structure includes columns that have a width between their bottoms, and the ratio of the diameter of the columns to the width ranges from about 1:4 to about 1:

7.

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of the column diameter to the column height of each column of the arched structure is about 1:

10.

5. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the arched structure is electrically connected to a circuit.

6. A system for fluid sensing, comprising: At least one fluid sensing device, the device including an arched structure having graphene and / or its related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material; Wherein the arched structure of the device introduces turbulence into the fluid flow it receives, such that The noise spectrum of the arched structure is modified; and / or The electrical properties of the arched structure are changed; Thereby enabling the sensing of one or more types of fluids present in the environment.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the arched structure of the device is: Substantially made of graphene and / or its related compounds and / or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials, or Coated with graphene and / or its related compounds or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials.

8. The system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the device is arranged such that the arched structures form a spatial array, wherein At least one device is orthogonally oriented with respect to another device, and / or At least one device is parallel to another device.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the spatial array formed by the arched structures of the device includes A first group of devices located at a first position, whose arched structures are parallel to a first reference line; and A second group of devices located at a second position, whose arched structures are parallel to the first reference line.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the spatial array formed by the arched structures further includes A third group of devices located at a third position, whose arched structures are parallel to a second reference line perpendicular to the first reference line; and A fourth group of devices located at a fourth position, whose arched structures are parallel to the second reference line.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein The first group of devices and the second group of devices are symmetrically spaced apart along the second reference line, and The third group of devices and the fourth group of devices are symmetrically spaced apart along the first reference line, Wherein the third set of devices and the fourth set of devices, or parts thereof, are located between the first set of devices and the second set of devices.

12. The system according to any one of claims 6 to 11, further comprising one or more conductive paths that are electrically connected to the devices and form an electric circuit.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein each of the arch structures of the devices further comprises a base, and at least one base of one arch structure forms a substantial electrical connection with at least one adjacent base of another arch structure through the conductive path to form a series or parallel electrical connection.

14. The system according to any one of claims 6 to 13, further comprising a support member having a substrate, and the devices are erected on the substrate.

15. A method for fluid sensing, comprising the following steps: Preparing a system for fluid sensing, wherein the system comprises at least one fluid sensing device, and the device comprises an arch structure having graphene and / or its related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material; and Placing the fluid sensing system in an environment having one or more fluids; Wherein the arch structure introduces turbulence into the fluid flow it receives, such that The noise spectrum of the arch structure is modified; and / or The electrical properties of the arch structure are changed; Thereby enabling the sensing of one or more types of fluids present in the environment.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the step of preparing the system for fluid sensing further comprises: Arranging the arch structures of the devices in a spatial array, wherein At least one arch structure of one device is orthogonally oriented with respect to at least one arch structure of another device, and / or At least one arch structure of one device is parallel to at least one arch structure of another device.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the step of preparing the fluid sensing system further comprises the following steps: Preparing another type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material resin containing graphene or an elastomeric polymer; Printing conductive ink on a substrate to form a conductive path; And Printing the resin on the conductive path to form the arch structure.

18. The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the step of preparing the system for fluid sensing further comprises the following steps: Preparing an aqueous solution containing graphene or other types of two-dimensional layered inorganic materials; Preparing a resin containing an elastomeric polymer; Printing conductive ink on a substrate to form a conductive path; Printing the resin on the conductive path to form an arch structure; and Coating the arch structure with the aqueous solution.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, further comprising the following step: Arranging the arch structures of the devices such that at least one base of one arch structure forms a substantial electrical connection with at least one adjacent base of another arch structure through a conductive path, thereby forming a series or parallel electrical connection.

20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the step of printing the conductive ink on the substrate and the step of printing the resin on the printed conductive ink are performed using a nozzle, and the size of the printing nozzle is substantially equal to the thickness of the arched structure.

21. A method for three-dimensionally printing a sensing element, comprising: creating a model data file corresponding to a model having a geometry of a plurality of arched structures; creating a motion data file for a three-dimensional printing device; preparing a resin containing an elastomeric polymer; preparing a solution containing graphene and / or related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material; using the motion data file to print the resin onto a substrate to form a plurality of arched structures in an array; coating the plurality of arched structures with a solution containing graphene and / or related compounds or any other type of two-dimensional layered inorganic material; and after drying the arched structures, connecting the array of arched structures to a circuit for fluid sensing.

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