Peanut film-breaking seedling-exercising machine and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a peanut film-breaking seedling-exercising machine and method, and belongs to the technical field of mulching film punching seedling-exercising machinery after peanut sowing. According to the technical scheme, a plurality of cylindrical nails are divided into more than two rows along the circumference to be arranged on a roller body, two rows of cylindrical nails form a group, and each row of cylindrical nails in the group are inclined towards the direction away from each other; the film breaking wheel comprises a film breaking elastic gear disc and film breaking elastic teeth, the multiple film breaking elastic teeth are evenly distributed on the circumference of the film breaking elastic gear disc, and the film breaking elastic teeth are bent in the reverse direction of the rotating direction to form elastic tooth hooks. Hardened covering soil on peanut seed ditches on a mulching film is broken through the breaking rollers, and normal film breaking operation is prevented from being affected; holes are formed in the mulching film on the two sides of peanut seedlings through the film breaking wheel, the seedlings are prevented from being damaged, elastic tooth hooks of the film breaking wheel cover the mulching film around the film breaking holes with topsoil through inertia acting force and mulching film counter-acting force, the holes in the mulching film are prevented from being damaged by wind, effective film breaking and seedling hardening operation after peanut sowing is achieved, seedling burning and seedling baking are prevented, and the yield is increased. The normal growth of the peanut seedlings is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening machine and method, belonging to the technical field of machinery for film-breaking and seedling-hardening after peanut sowing. Background Art

[0002] Generally, film-breaking and seedling-hardening are required 7 - 15 days after peanut sowing. The so-called film-breaking and seedling-hardening means that while the physical barrier formed by covering the ground with plastic film after peanut sowing can keep the temperature and moisture, if the film is not broken and the seedlings are not hardened in time, the plastic film will burn the seedlings. Timely film-breaking after sowing can enable peanut buds to adapt to the external environment, promote the unfolding of cotyledons, prevent seedling burning and damage, and create good conditions for root development. The existing peanut planters cannot be used as film-breaking and seedling-hardening equipment, and special peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening equipment is needed for film-breaking and seedling-hardening. For example, Chinese Patent CN202120323060.2, a peanut film hole punching device; CN202410734237.6, a peanut film-breaking and seedling-releasing device; and CN202310048697.9, a peanut film-breaking and seedling-guiding device for peanut planting. The above existing technologies all use a punching device to make holes directly above the peanut seedlings covered with plastic film, which is likely to damage the peanut seedlings. In addition, since most of the existing technologies cover the plastic film with soil after peanut sowing to prevent the plastic film from being damaged by strong winds, when film-breaking and seedling-hardening are needed, the soil covering on the plastic film will become hard and compact after rain, and it is difficult for the punching device to penetrate the hard and compact soil covering, affecting the normal film-breaking operation of the peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening equipment. At the same time, since there is no soil covering around the holes in the existing technology after the plastic film is perforated, the perforated areas are easily damaged by the wind and cannot play the role of keeping warm and improving soil moisture. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening machine and method, which uses a crushing roller to crush the hard and compact soil covering on the plastic film to avoid affecting the normal film-breaking operation. The film-breaking wheel makes holes in the plastic film and the soil covering belts on both sides of the peanut seedlings to avoid damaging the seedlings. The spring teeth of the film-breaking wheel hook the floating soil to cover the plastic film around the film-breaking holes to prevent the perforated areas of the plastic film from being damaged by the wind, realizing effective film-breaking and seedling-hardening operations after peanut sowing, preventing seedling burning, ensuring the normal growth of peanut seedlings, keeping warm and improving soil moisture, facilitating operation, improving efficiency, and solving the above problems existing in the background art.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening machine includes a frame, a crushing roller, a film-breaking wheel, and a supporting wheel. The crushing roller, the film-breaking wheel, and the supporting wheel are sequentially arranged on the frame from front to back along the forward direction. The crushing roller includes a roller body and cylindrical nails. A plurality of cylindrical nails are arranged on the roller body in more than two rows along the circumference. Two rows of cylindrical nails form a group, and each row of cylindrical nails in a group is inclined in a direction away from each other. The film-breaking wheel includes a film-breaking spring gear disc and film-breaking spring teeth. A plurality of film-breaking spring teeth are evenly distributed on the circumference of the film-breaking spring gear disc. The film-breaking spring teeth are bent in the direction opposite to the rotation direction to form spring tooth hooks. The film-breaking spring gear discs are arranged in pairs and parallel to each other. The midpoint between a pair of film-breaking spring gear discs corresponds and matches the midpoint connection line between a group of two rows of cylindrical nails on the crushing roller and the center line of the peanut seedlings. The height of the supporting wheel is adjustable to ensure that the crushing roller and the film-breaking wheel operate suspended on the plastic film, so that the cylindrical nails of the crushing roller break the hardened soil covering on the plastic film but do not damage the plastic film. The film-breaking spring teeth of the film-breaking wheel rely on the frictional force on the back of the bent part to cut open the plastic film from the left and right sides of the peanut seedlings without damaging the peanut seedlings. The two rows of film-breaking spring teeth are opposite to each other left and right, and the spring tooth hooks face backward, opening long strip-shaped film holes on the plastic film, facilitating the ventilation and hardening of the peanut seedlings. At the same time, the spring tooth hooks cover the soil on the film around the film-breaking holes through the inertial force and the reaction force of the plastic film, preventing the whole plastic film from being blown open by the strong wind along the film-breaking holes, resulting in temperature loss and moisture evaporation. The crushing roller and the film-breaking wheel include the following structures: ① A plurality of cylindrical nails on the crushing roller are arranged in two rows along the circumference on the roller body, and two rows of cylindrical nails correspond and match two film-breaking spring gear discs of a film-breaking wheel at the back. ② A plurality of cylindrical nails on the crushing roller are divided into two groups, and each group of two rows is arranged on the roller body along the circumference. The distance between the two groups of cylindrical nails is related to the distance between two rows of peanut seed furrows. Each group of cylindrical nails corresponds and matches two film-breaking spring gear discs of a film-breaking wheel at the back, and can simultaneously perform film-breaking and seedling-hardening operations on peanut seedlings in two rows under the plastic film. ③ A plurality of crushing rollers and multiple pairs of film-breaking wheels are combined and used, arranged in a row, and can simultaneously perform film-breaking and seedling-hardening operations on peanut seedlings in multiple ridges and two rows under the plastic film.

[0005] The cylindrical nails on the roller body are of different lengths, which is convenient for breaking hardened soil with different thicknesses on the plastic film.

[0006] The centers of the two film-breaking spring gear discs are connected by a bushing, and the edges of the two film-breaking spring gear discs are welded together by a plurality of film-breaking spring gear disc support rods.

[0007] The film-breaking spring teeth are bent 105 degrees in the direction opposite to the rotation direction to form spring tooth hooks, and the outer circle of the film-breaking spring teeth is equal to the outer circle of the cylindrical nails of the crushing roller.

[0008] The frame includes a front support for the crushing roller. The front support for the crushing roller is a horizontally arranged portal structure, which consists of a crossbeam and two vertical beams of the crushing roller support on the left and right. At the ends of the two vertical beams of the crushing roller support, there are rear supports for the crushing roller extending backward. The crushing roller and the film-breaking wheel are arranged between the two rear supports for the crushing roller, and are connected by a chain for power transmission. The crushing roller also serves as a walking wheel to drive the film-breaking wheel to rotate through the chain.

[0009] At the rear ends of the two rear supports for the crushing roller, there is a vertically upward portal support wheel fixing bracket. The portal support wheel fixing bracket is provided with a support wheel height adjustment mechanism. At the bottom of the support wheel height adjustment mechanism, there is a support wheel bracket. The support wheel is arranged on the support wheel bracket. The support wheel height adjustment mechanism is well-known, such as a lead screw adjustment mechanism. At the top of the support wheel height adjustment mechanism, there is a height adjustment handwheel.

[0010] At the front end of the frame, there are a front upper beam and a front lower beam of the frame that are parallel to each other. Three-point suspension is arranged on the front upper beam and the front lower beam of the frame. The upper point of the three-point suspension is located on the front upper beam of the frame, and the lower two points are located on the front lower beam of the frame. The three-point suspension is connected to the tractor to provide walking power.

[0011] A method for using a peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening machine: Connect the frame to the tractor, adjust the height of the support wheel to ensure that the crushing roller and the film-breaking wheel float on the plastic film for operation. The cylindrical nails of the crushing roller are in stable contact with the plastic film but do not break the film; the back of the bent part of the film-breaking teeth of the film-breaking wheel presses on the plastic film and can open long strip-shaped ventilation openings on both sides of the peanut seedlings to meet the requirements of seedling hardening; adjust the initial positions of the crushing roller and the film-breaking wheel, and the midpoint between the two film-breaking gear discs and the midpoint connection line between the two rows of cylindrical nails correspond and match with the center line of the peanut seedlings; the tractor is pulled forward, the cylindrical nails of the crushing roller break the compacted soil cover, and the crushing roller advances to drive the film-breaking wheel to rotate through the chain. The film-breaking teeth rely on the frictional force on the back of the bent part to cut open the plastic film from the left and right sides of the peanut seedlings for film-breaking operation; at the same time, the tooth hooks of the film-breaking teeth cover the broken floating soil on the plastic film around the film-breaking holes through the inertial force and the reaction force of the plastic film to complete the peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening operation.

[0012] The innovation points of the present invention: ① Add a crushing roller, and the crushing roller and the film-breaking wheel float for operation; ② The cylindrical nails of the crushing roller are arranged in a long and short interval and are inclined outward, that is, it breaks the compacted soil cover without damaging the peanut seedlings; ③ The film-breaking wheel opens holes on the plastic film on both sides of the peanut seedlings to avoid damaging the seedlings; ④ The film-breaking teeth are opposite to each other left and right, and the tooth hooks face backward, opening long strip-shaped film holes on the plastic film, which is convenient for the peanut seedlings to ventilate and harden the seedlings. At the same time, the tooth hooks cover the floating soil on the film around the film-breaking holes through the inertial force and the reaction force of the plastic film to prevent the whole plastic film from being blown broken along the film-breaking holes by strong winds, resulting in heat loss and moisture evaporation.

[0013] Advantages of the present invention: The crushing roller is used to crush the compacted soil covering the peanut seed furrows on the plastic film, avoiding affecting the normal film-breaking operation. The film-breaking wheels are used to punch holes in the plastic film on both sides of the peanut seedlings, avoiding damaging the seedlings. The spring teeth of the film-breaking wheels cover the floating soil on the plastic film around the punched holes through the inertial force and the reaction force of the plastic film, preventing the punched holes of the plastic film from being damaged by the wind, realizing effective film-breaking and seedling hardening operations after peanut sowing, preventing seedling burning and roasting, ensuring the normal growth of peanut seedlings, keeping warm and increasing soil moisture, facilitating operation, and improving efficiency. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the crushing roller of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the film-breaking wheel of an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: three-point hitch 1, frame 2, front beam on the frame 3, lower front beam on the frame 4, installation shaft of the front support of the crushing roller 5, position adjustment oil cylinder 6, middle beam of the frame 7, front support of the crushing roller 8, first zipper installation seat 9, zipper 10, installation seat of the front and rear supports of the crushing roller 11, rear support of the crushing roller 12, crushing roller 13, sprocket of the crushing roller 14, bearing seat of the crushing roller 15, chain 16, intermediate strengthening component 17, second zipper installation seat 18, sprocket of the film-breaking wheel 19, bearing seat of the sprocket of the film-breaking wheel 20, film-breaking wheel 21, fixed bracket of the gantry support wheel 22, height adjustment handwheel 23, support wheel height adjustment mechanism 24, support wheel bracket 25, support wheel 26, hexagonal shaft of the crushing roller 27, roller body 28, cylindrical nail 29, hexagonal shaft of the film-breaking wheel 30, shaft sleeve 31, shaft sleeve positioning bolt 32, spring tooth disc of the film-breaking wheel 33, support rod of the spring tooth disc of the film-breaking wheel 34, spring tooth of the film-breaking wheel 35, first vertical beam of the oil cylinder 36, second vertical beam of the oil cylinder 37, hinge seat of the oil cylinder 38, hinge seat of the front support 39, vertical beam of the crushing roller support 40, installation bolt 41, bolt 42. Detailed Embodiment

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings through embodiments.

[0016] A peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening machine comprises a frame 2, a crushing roller 13, a film-breaking wheel 21 and a supporting wheel 26. The crushing roller 13, the film-breaking wheel 21 and the supporting wheel 26 are sequentially arranged on the frame 2 from front to back along the advancing direction. The crushing roller 13 comprises a roller body 28 and cylindrical nails 29. A plurality of cylindrical nails 29 are arranged on the roller body 28 along the circumference in more than two rows. Two rows of cylindrical nails 29 form a group. Each row of cylindrical nails 29 in a group inclines towards the direction away from each other. The film-breaking wheel 21 comprises a film-breaking spring gear disc 33 and film-breaking spring teeth 35. A plurality of film-breaking spring teeth 35 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the film-breaking spring gear disc 33. The film-breaking spring teeth 35 bend in the direction opposite to the rotation direction to form spring tooth hooks. The film-breaking spring gear discs 33 are arranged in pairs and parallel to each other. A pair of film-breaking spring gear discs 33 corresponds to and matches a group of cylindrical nails 29 on the crushing roller 13. The midpoint connection line between the two film-breaking spring gear discs 33 corresponds to and matches the center line of the peanut seedlings with the midpoint connection line between a group of two rows of cylindrical nails 29. The height of the supporting wheel 26 is adjustable to ensure that the crushing roller 13 and the film-breaking wheel 21 operate suspended on the plastic film, so that the cylindrical nails 29 of the crushing roller 13 break the hardened soil covering on the plastic film but do not damage the plastic film. The film-breaking spring teeth 35 of the film-breaking wheel 21 rely on the frictional force on the back of the bending part to cut open the plastic film from the left and right sides of the peanut seedlings without hurting the peanut seedlings. The two rows of film-breaking spring teeth 35 are opposite to each other left and right, and the spring tooth hooks face backward, opening long strip-shaped film holes on the plastic film, which is convenient for the peanut seedlings to ventilate and harden the seedlings. At the same time, the spring tooth hooks cover the soil floating on the film around the film-breaking holes through the inertial force and the reaction force of the plastic film, preventing the strong wind from blowing through the film-breaking holes and breaking the whole plastic film, resulting in heat loss and moisture evaporation.

[0017] The crushing roller 13 and the film-breaking wheel 21 have the following structures: ① A plurality of cylindrical nails 29 on the crushing roller 13 are arranged in two rows along the circumference on the roller body 28. Two rows of cylindrical nails 29 correspond to and match two film-breaking spring gear discs 33 of a film-breaking wheel 21 at the back. ② A plurality of cylindrical nails 29 on the crushing roller 13 are divided into two groups. Each group has two rows and is arranged on the roller body 28 along the circumference. The distance between the two groups of cylindrical nails 29 is related to the distance between two rows of peanut seed furrows. Each group of cylindrical nails 29 corresponds to and matches two film-breaking spring gear discs 33 of a film-breaking wheel 21 at the back, and can simultaneously carry out film-breaking and seedling-hardening operations on the peanut seedlings in two rows under the plastic film. ③ A plurality of crushing rollers 13 and multiple pairs of film-breaking wheels 21 are used in combination and arranged in a row, and can simultaneously carry out film-breaking and seedling-hardening operations on the peanut seedlings in multiple ridges and double rows under the plastic film.

[0018] The cylindrical nails 29 on the roller body 28 are of different lengths, which is convenient for breaking the hardened soil covering with different thicknesses on the plastic film.

[0019] The centers of the two film-breaking spring gear discs are welded together through a shaft sleeve 31, and the edges of the two film-breaking spring gear discs are welded together through a plurality of film-breaking spring gear disc support rods 34.

[0020] The bursting film tooth 35 is bent backward at an angle of 105 degrees in the reverse direction of the rotation direction to form a tooth hook, and the outer diameter of the bursting film tooth 35 is equal to the outer diameter of the cylindrical nail 29 of the crushing roller 13.

[0021] The frame 2 includes a front support 8 for the crushing roller. The front support 8 for the crushing roller is a horizontally arranged portal structure, which is composed of a cross beam and two vertical beams 40 of the crushing roller support on the left and right. The ends of the two vertical beams 40 of the crushing roller support are both provided with a rear support 12 for the crushing roller extending backward. The crushing roller 13 and the film bursting wheel 21 are arranged between the two rear supports 12 for the crushing roller, and are connected by a chain 16 for power transmission. The crushing roller 13 also serves as a walking wheel to drive the film bursting wheel 21 to rotate through the chain 16.

[0022] At the rear end of the two rear supports 12 for the crushing roller, a vertically upward portal support wheel fixing bracket 22 is provided. A support wheel height adjustment mechanism 24 is provided on the portal support wheel fixing bracket 22. A support wheel bracket 25 is provided at the bottom of the support wheel height adjustment mechanism 24. The support wheel 26 is arranged on the support wheel bracket 25. The support wheel height adjustment mechanism 24 is well-known, such as a lead screw adjustment mechanism. A height adjustment hand wheel 23 is provided at the top of the support wheel height adjustment mechanism 24.

[0023] At the front end of the frame 2, a front upper beam 3 and a front lower beam 4 of the frame that are parallel to each other are provided. A three-point hitch 1 is arranged on the front upper beam 3 and the front lower beam 4 of the frame. The upper point of the three-point hitch 1 is located on the front upper beam 3 of the frame, and the lower two points are located on the front lower beam 4 of the frame. The three-point hitch 1 is connected to the tractor to provide walking power.

[0024] A method for using a peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening machine is as follows: Connect the frame 2 to the tractor, adjust the height of the support wheel 26 to ensure that the crushing roller 13 and the film bursting wheel 21 are suspended on the plastic film for operation. The cylindrical nails 29 of the crushing roller 13 are in smooth contact with the plastic film but do not burst the film; the back of the bent part of the film bursting teeth 35 of the film bursting wheel 21 presses on the plastic film and can open strip-shaped ventilation openings on both sides of the peanut seedlings to meet the requirements of seedling hardening; adjust the initial positions of the crushing roller 13 and the film bursting wheel 21, and the midpoint between the two film bursting gear discs 33 corresponds to the midpoint connection line between the two rows of cylindrical nails 29 and the center line of the peanut seedlings; the tractor is pulled forward, the cylindrical nails 29 of the crushing roller 13 break the compacted soil covering, and the crushing roller 13 drives the film bursting wheel 21 to rotate through the chain 16 when moving forward. The film bursting teeth 35 rely on the frictional force on the back of the bent part to cut open the plastic film from the left and right sides of the peanut seedlings for film-breaking operation; at the same time, the soil crushed by the crushing roller 13 falls back under the action of power and the reaction force of the plastic film to cover the plastic film around the film-breaking holes, completing the peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening operation.

[0025] In the embodiment, refer to the appendix Figures 1-4, the number of the crushing rollers 13 is three, and two groups of cylindrical nails 29 are arranged on each crushing roller 13. Six film-breaking wheels 21 are correspondingly arranged at the back, and the film-breaking and seedling-hardening operation for three ridges and six rows of peanuts is carried out simultaneously.

[0026] A three-point suspension 1 is arranged on the center line of the front cross beam 3 of the frame and in front of the lower front cross beam 4 of the frame at the front end of the frame 2. An oil cylinder vertical beam one 36 and an oil cylinder vertical beam two 37 are respectively arranged at the back of the front cross beam 3 of the frame and the lower front cross beam 4 of the frame. The oil cylinder vertical beam one 36 and the oil cylinder vertical beam two 37 are respectively arranged on their respective oil cylinder hinge seats 38. A crushing roller front support mounting shaft 5 is arranged below the oil cylinder hinge seat 38. A position adjustment oil cylinder 6 is arranged above the crushing roller front support mounting shaft 5. A crushing roller front support 8 is arranged behind the position adjustment oil cylinder 6. A front support hinge seat 39 is arranged above the cross beam of the crushing roller front support 8, and the front support hinge seat 39 is used in cooperation with the position adjustment oil cylinder 6 and the oil cylinder hinge seat 38.

[0027] A frame middle beam 7 is arranged behind the crushing roller front support 8. A zipper mounting seat one 9 is arranged above the frame middle beam 7. Crushing roller support vertical beams 40 are respectively arranged on both sides of the cross beam of the crushing roller front support 8. A crushing roller 13 is arranged between the two crushing roller support vertical beams 40. Crushing roller rear supports 12 are respectively arranged on both sides of the crushing roller 13. A crushing roller bearing seat 15 is arranged at the front end of the crushing roller rear support 12. A crushing roller sprocket 14 is arranged outside the crushing roller bearing seat 15. The crushing roller sprocket 14 and the crushing roller 13 are fixedly connected through a crushing roller hexagonal shaft 27. An intermediate strengthening component 17 is arranged behind the crushing roller 13. A zipper mounting seat two 18 is arranged on the intermediate strengthening component 17. A zipper 10 is arranged between the zipper mounting seat one 9 and the zipper mounting seat two 18. A film-breaking wheel 21 is arranged on the crushing roller rear support 12 behind the intermediate strengthening component 17. A film-breaking wheel sprocket bearing seat 20 is arranged at the connection between the film-breaking wheel 21 and the crushing roller rear support. A film-breaking wheel sprocket 19 is arranged outside the film-breaking wheel sprocket bearing seat 20. The film-breaking wheel sprocket 19 and the film-breaking wheel 21 are fixedly connected through a film-breaking wheel hexagonal shaft 30. Power is transmitted through a chain 16 between the crushing roller sprocket 14 and the film-breaking wheel sprocket 19.

[0028] A gantry support wheel fixing bracket 22 is vertically arranged upward at the tail of the crushing roller rear support 12 behind the film-breaking wheel 21. A support wheel height adjustment mechanism 24 is arranged on the gantry support wheel fixing bracket 22. A height adjustment hand wheel 23 is arranged above the support wheel height adjustment mechanism 24. A support wheel bracket 25 is arranged below the support wheel height adjustment mechanism 24. A support wheel 26 is arranged on the support wheel bracket 25.

[0029] The crushing roller front support mounting shaft 5 is a through shaft and is used in cooperation with the position adjustment oil cylinder 6, the oil cylinder hinge seat 38 and the front support hinge seat 39 to adjust the positions of the left and right crushing rollers, ensure that the left and right crushing rollers correspond to the peanut sowing furrows, achieve precise operation, and prevent mechanical seedling injury during the operation.

[0030] The front support 8 of the crushing roller is a horizontally arranged portal structure, which consists of a cross beam and two vertical beams 40 of the front support of the crushing roller on the left and right. The installation shaft 5 of the front support of the crushing roller passes through the cross beam to play a role in traction and position adjustment. The ends of the two vertical beams 40 of the front support of the crushing roller are respectively connected to the rear support 12 of the crushing roller through the front frame installation bolts 41 and the front and rear support mounting seats 11 of the crushing roller, and are used in cooperation with the rear support wheels 26 at the same time to ensure the support and suspension of the crushing roller 13.

[0031] The zipper 10 is connected through the first zipper mounting seat 9 and the second zipper mounting seat 18, preventing the fuselage from being too long and the machine body from being too heavy, resulting in the sinking of the tail of the machine body, making the film-breaking teeth 35 of the film-breaking wheel 21 make too large a film-breaking opening during operation, causing moisture evaporation and heat dissipation, and assisting all operating components to maintain suspended operation.

[0032] The hexagonal shaft 27 of the crushing roller passes through the roller body 28. At about 20 cm on the left and right of the center line of the roller body 28, two groups of cylindrical nails 29 are respectively installed along the circumference, corresponding to two peanut sowing grooves. The hexagonal shaft 27 of the crushing roller is a through shaft, and the two ends are respectively used in cooperation with the crushing roller bearing seat 15 and the crushing roller sprocket 14; the roller body 28 is a cylinder, and the cylindrical nails 29 are used in a long and short interval, and the length difference between the long and short cylindrical nails is 0.5 cm.

[0033] The multiple cylindrical nails 29 are arranged in more than two rows along the circumference on the roller body 28. Two rows of cylindrical nails 29 are a group, and each row of cylindrical nails 29 in a group is inclined in a direction away from each other; the center distance between the two rows of cylindrical nails 29: the bottom center distance is 5 cm, and the top center distance is 8 cm, which can break the compacted soil covering without damaging the peanut seedlings. At the same time, while the crushing roller 13 breaks the compacted soil covering on the film of the peanut sowing groove, it also provides film-breaking power for the film-breaking wheel 21 through the crushing roller sprocket 14, the chain 16 and the film-breaking wheel sprocket 19. The speed ratio of the crushing roller sprocket 14 to the film-breaking wheel sprocket 19 is 5:7.

[0034] The hexagonal shaft 30 of the film-breaking wheel is a well-known technology to prevent the loss of revolutions. The shaft sleeve 31 is a hexagonal steel pipe used to connect the film-breaking spring gear disk 33, and the shaft sleeve positioning bolt 32 is used to fix and adjust the position of the hexagonal shaft 30 of the film-breaking wheel.

[0035] The distance between two film-breaking bullet gear discs 33 is 4 cm. An opening with a width of 6 mm and a depth of 5 cm is formed along the outer edge of the film-breaking bullet gear disc 33, and an opening is provided every 32 degrees. A film-breaking bullet tooth 35 is inlaid and welded at the opening. The film-breaking bullet teeth 35 of the two film-breaking bullet gear discs 33 face each other in pairs. The film-breaking bullet teeth 35 are bent in the direction opposite to the rotation direction, and the formed bullet tooth hooks face backward. The film-breaking bullet gear disc support rod 34 is a conventional steel bar section, which is used to connect the outer edges of the two film-breaking bullet gear discs 33. A film-breaking bullet gear disc support rod 34 is provided at every 120-degree position, which plays a role in firm connection. The film-breaking bullet teeth 35 are bent at an angle of 105 degrees in the direction opposite to the rotation direction to form bullet tooth hooks, and the outer diameter of the film-breaking bullet teeth 35 is equal to the outer diameter of the cylindrical nails 29 on the crushing roller 13. The film-breaking wheel 21 respectively opens strip-shaped film holes on both sides of the peanut seedlings on the film, which is convenient for the peanut seedlings to ventilate and harden the seedlings. And the bullet tooth hooks can cover the periphery of the film holes with the floating soil on the film through the inertial force and the reaction force of the plastic film, preventing the whole plastic film from being blown and broken along the film holes by strong winds, resulting in heat loss and moisture evaporation.

[0036] In the embodiment, the two film-breaking wheels 21 use the same film-breaking wheel hexagonal shaft 30, which cooperates with two groups of cylindrical nails 29 on one crushing roller. The bushings 31 of the two film-breaking wheels 21 are respectively fixed on the same film-breaking wheel hexagonal shaft 30 through their respective bushing positioning bolts 32. Through the bushing positioning bolts 32, the positions of a pair of film-breaking wheels 21 on the film-breaking wheel hexagonal shaft 30 can be adjusted to match the two groups of cylindrical nails 29 on the crushing roller 13.

[0037] The tail of the rear support 12 of the crushing roller is connected to the gantry support wheel fixed bracket 22 through a bolt 42, and is used in cooperation with the front support 8 of the crushing wheel to support the crushing roller 13 and the film-breaking wheel 21 to perform floating operations. In addition, the support wheel 26 is selected as a wide-face flat wheel to prevent wheel grooves from being rolled out on the peanut ridge surface during the operation, which affects the later growth of peanuts.

[0038] A method for using a peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening machine comprises the following steps: Before the peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening machine operates, first connect the three suspension points of the tractor with the three-point suspension 1 of the machine, and adjust the left and right balance so that the cylindrical pins 29 of the film-breaking roller 13 are parallel to the ground and land smoothly. After the machine is leveled, slightly lift the rear suspension of the tractor, and drive two position-adjusting oil cylinders 6 through the hydraulic output of the tractor to adjust the left and right crushing rollers to correspond to the peanut ridge panel hardening zone or the peanut sowing ditch; by adjusting the shaft sleeve positioning bolts 32 on the film-breaking wheels 21, adjust the positions between the two film-breaking wheels 21 and the two rows of cylindrical pins 29 on the crushing roller 13 to be in a straight line and correspond to each other; after the adjustment is completed, the tractor pulls the peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening machine to perform soil crushing, film-breaking and ventilation operations. The process is as follows: The tractor pulls the peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening machine forward, the long and short cylindrical pins 29 of the crushing roller 13 crush the hardened soil covering, drive the crushing roller sprocket 14 to rotate and drive the chain 16, the chain 16 drives the film-breaking wheel sprocket 19 to rotate, the film-breaking wheel sprocket 19 drives the film-breaking wheel hexagonal shaft 30 and the film-breaking wheels 21 to perform film-breaking operations, and at the same time, the soil crushed by the crushing roller 13 covers the film-breaking holes and around the seedlings under the action of inertia and the reaction force of the plastic film, thus completing the peanut film-breaking and seedling-hardening operation.

Claims

1. A peanut film breaking and seedling hardening machine, characterized by: The invention comprises a frame (2), a crushing roller (13), a film-breaking wheel (21) and a support wheel (26), wherein the crushing roller (13), the film-breaking wheel (21) and the support wheel (26) are arranged on the frame (2) in order from front to back along the forward direction; the crushing roller (13) comprises a roller body (28) and columnar nails (29), wherein a plurality of columnar nails (29) are arranged on the roller body (28) in two or more rows along the circumference, wherein two rows of columnar nails (29) form a group, and each row of columnar nails (29) in a group is inclined in a direction away from each other; the film-breaking wheel (21) comprises a film-breaking elastic gear plate (33) and film-breaking elastic teeth (35), wherein a plurality of film-breaking elastic teeth (35) are evenly distributed on the circumference of the film-breaking elastic gear plate (33), and the film-breaking elastic teeth (35) are bent in the opposite direction of the rotation direction to form elastic tooth hooks; the film-breaking elastic gear plates (33) are arranged in pairs and are parallel to each other, and a pair of film-breaking elastic gear plates (33) and the crushing roller ( 13) and a group of cylindrical nails (29) on the upper surface thereof correspond to each other, and the midpoint between the two film-breaking elastic gear discs (33) and the line connecting the midpoints between the two rows of cylindrical nails (29) correspond to the center line of the peanut seedling; the support wheel (26) is height-adjustable to ensure that the crushing roller (13) and the film-breaking wheel (21) are suspended on the ground film for operation, so that the cylindrical nails (29) of the crushing roller (13) crush the compacted soil on the ground film without damaging the ground film, and the film-breaking elastic teeth (35) of the film-breaking wheel (21) cut the ground film from the left and right sides of the peanut seedling by the friction force of the back surface of the curved part, without hurting the peanut seedling; the two rows of film-breaking elastic teeth (35) are opposite to each other, and the elastic tooth hooks are backward, so as to open long strip film holes on the ground film, which is convenient for ventilation and hardening of the peanut seedlings. At the same time, the elastic tooth hooks cover the floating soil on the film around the film-breaking holes through the inertial force and the reaction force of the ground film, so as to prevent the whole ground film from being blown away by the strong wind along the film-breaking holes, causing temperature and moisture loss.

2. A peanut film breaking and seedling hardening machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical nails (29) on the roller body (28) are of different lengths, so as to facilitate breaking up compacted soil of different thicknesses on the ground film.

3. A peanut film breaking and seedling hardening machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The centers of the two membrane-breaking elastic gear disks (33) are connected via a shaft sleeve (31), and the edges of the two membrane-breaking elastic gear disks are welded together via a plurality of membrane-breaking elastic gear disk support rods (34).

4. A peanut film breaking and seedling hardening machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The film-breaking spring tooth (35) is bent in the reverse direction of the rotation direction at an angle of 105 degrees to form a spring tooth hook, and the outer circle of the film-breaking spring tooth (35) is equal to the outer circle of the cylindrical nail (29) of the crushing roller (13).

5. A peanut film breaking and seedling hardening machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The frame (2) comprises a crushing roller front bracket (8), which is a horizontally arranged gate-shaped structure, and is composed of a crossbeam and two left and right crushing roller bracket vertical beams (40). The ends of the two crushing roller bracket vertical beams (40) are both provided with a crushing roller rear bracket (12) extending backwards. The crushing roller (13) and the film breaking wheel (21) are arranged between the two crushing roller rear brackets (12) and are connected to each other through a chain (16) for power transmission. The crushing roller (13) also serves as a walking wheel to drive the film breaking wheel (21) to rotate through the chain (16).

6. A peanut film breaking and seedling hardening machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: A gate-shaped support wheel fixing bracket (22) extending vertically upward is arranged at the rear ends of the two crushing roller rear brackets (12); a support wheel height adjustment mechanism (24) is arranged on the gate-shaped support wheel fixing bracket (22); a support wheel bracket (25) is arranged at the bottom of the support wheel height adjustment mechanism (24); and the support wheel (26) is arranged on the support wheel bracket (25); the support wheel height adjustment mechanism (24) is a screw adjustment mechanism, and a height adjustment hand wheel (23) is arranged at the top of the support wheel height adjustment mechanism (24).

7. A peanut film breaking and seedling hardening machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The front end of the frame (2) is provided with a frame upper front beam (3) and a frame lower front beam (4) which are parallel to each other. A three-point suspension (1) is provided on the frame upper front beam (3) and the frame lower front beam (4). The upper point of the three-point suspension (1) is located on the frame upper front beam (3), and the lower two points are located on the frame lower front beam (4). The three-point suspension (1) is connected to a tractor to provide traveling power.

8. A method for using the peanut film breaking and seedling hardening machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The frame (2) is connected to the tractor, and the height of the support wheel (26) is adjusted to ensure that the crushing roller (13) and the film breaking wheel (21) are suspended on the ground film for operation, and the cylindrical nails (29) of the crushing roller (13) are in stable contact with the ground film but do not break the film; the back of the curved part of the film breaking spring teeth (35) of the film breaking wheel (21) is pressed on the ground film and can open long strip ventilation holes on both sides of the peanut seedlings to meet the needs of seedling hardening; the initial positions of the crushing roller (13) and the film breaking wheel (21) are adjusted so that the midpoint between the two film breaking spring gear plates (33) and the distance between the two rows of cylindrical nails (29) are The midpoint connecting line corresponds to the center line of the peanut seedling; the tractor is pulled forward, and the cylindrical nails (29) of the crushing roller (13) crush the compacted covering soil, and the crushing roller (13) moves forward to drive the film breaking wheel (21) to rotate through the chain (16), and the film breaking spring teeth (35) rely on the friction force of the back of the curved part to cut the ground film from the left and right sides of the peanut seedling to perform the film breaking operation; at the same time, the spring tooth hooks of the film breaking spring teeth (35) cover the crushed floating soil on the ground film around the film breaking hole through the inertial force and the reaction force of the ground film, thereby completing the peanut film breaking and seedling hardening operation.

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