Cultivation method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of peppers

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method for reducing pepper continuous cropping obstacles, which comprises the following steps: S1, smashing straws filled with ginger and pepper, laying the smashed straws on the surface of soil, uniformly spreading a biological agent and a fertilizer, and carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator for 25-35 days; s2, spreading a layer of lime on the surface of the soil, watering after spreading, and keeping for 7-10 days; s3, applying fertilizer into the soil, wherein the fertilizer comprises calcium superphosphate, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma harzianum and ginger straw; s4, ridging and then covering with a mulching film; s5, pepper seedling field planting and management. By treating the soil, residual harmful organisms in the soil can be effectively killed, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the soil is biologically repaired by utilizing probiotic strains, the disease resistance and fertility of the soil are further improved, and sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth of the peppers. The survival rate of the planted peppers is remarkably improved, and the adverse situation that the yield is reduced under the continuous cropping condition of the peppers is effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of pepper planting and cultivation, and specifically relates to a cultivation method for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of peppers. Background Art

[0002] As one of the important cash crops in China, peppers play an important role in the fields of agricultural production and food processing. China is the largest pepper producer and consumer in the world, with the planting area and output of peppers ranking among the top in the world. Peppers are not only important condiment raw materials in China, but also widely used in many fields such as medicine and chemical industry. Bioactive substances contained in peppers, such as capsaicinoids, have various physiological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and have great potential in drug development. In addition, there are many types of peppers and rich variety resources, which also have broad prospects in breeding and genetic research. With the expansion of the pepper planting area, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle in pepper cultivation follows. Firstly, continuous cultivation of peppers will lead to nutrient imbalance in the soil, lacking mineral elements required for pepper growth. Secondly, it will cause the continuous accumulation of soil-borne pathogens such as phytophthora blight, bacterial wilt, southern blight, and anthracnose in the soil. Thirdly, the soil structure will change under continuous cropping, with increased hardening, acidification, and salinization, which is not conducive to the growth of pepper roots. To sum up, various problems are likely to occur under continuous cropping of peppers throughout the year, resulting in a reduction in pepper yield. Therefore, the continuous cropping obstacle of peppers is a huge problem faced by current pepper planting. Although there are some methods that can reduce the problems caused by continuous cropping of peppers, the effects are limited and cannot meet the current situation of a large increase in pepper demand. At the same time, the karst landform in Guizhou is complex, with many hills on the surface, resulting in fragmented and highly differential agricultural cultivated land in Guizhou. When planting peppers, the methods used in plain areas cannot be adopted. Pepper planting in Guizhou is basically directly planted on the land, and the scale of greenhouse planting is very small, which brings more difficulties to the management of the pepper planting environment. Therefore, a cultivation and planting method that can adapt to the pepper planting environment in Guizhou and improve the continuous cropping obstacle of peppers is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a cultivation method for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of peppers. By controlling the soil environment and composition, the quality of planting management is improved, and a series of problems caused by continuous cropping of peppers are reduced. The specific steps are as follows: S1. After harvesting the previous crop of peppers, retain the straw as supplementary fertilizer. Plant ginger as an intermediate filler crop in between. Utilize bactericidal substances such as gingerol secreted by ginger roots to control the soil colony environment. After the ginger is mature and harvested, crush the pepper straw and spread it on the soil surface for pretreatment. Evenly sprinkle a layer of biological bacteria agent and fertilizer on its surface. The biological bacteria agent is used to ferment the fertilizer and pepper straw. Use a rotary tiller to till and bury the treated pepper straw and fertilizer into the soil, and keep it for 25 - 35 days to achieve full fermentation. To ensure that the soil, pepper straw, and fertilizer are fully mixed and achieve the best fermentation effect, the optimal number of tilling times is 4 - 5 times, and the tilling depth is 45 - 50 cm.

[0004] S2. After the fertilizer ferments well inside the soil, sprinkle a layer of lime on the soil surface and then water it. Utilize the lime to adjust the pH value of the soil to 6.0 - 6.5, and further sterilize through the heat generated by the lime.

[0005] S3. After adjusting the soil environment, apply fertilizer to the soil inside. The specific components of the fertilizer include superphosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma harzianum, and crushed ginger straw. To ensure the best fertilization effect, the mass ratio of superphosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Trichoderma harzianum is (20 - 25):(2 - 4):(2 - 4):(6 - 10), and the ginger straw is added according to the planting scale to ensure that the soil nutrient components meet the growth requirements of peppers.

[0006] When processing the fertilizer, vermiculite can be added to the fertilizer. The vermiculite is first calcined in an environment of 500 - 600 °C for 3 hours and then crushed, and then added to the fertilizer to improve the air permeability of the soil.

[0007] S4. After the second fertilization, level the land and form ridges to create a terrain suitable for planting and managing peppers. Then cover a layer of silver-black double-sided plastic film on the ridges to ensure that the soil temperature is suitable for pepper growth.

[0008] S5. After soil fertilization, transplant and conduct daily management on the cultivated pepper seedlings. The cultivation process of pepper seedlings is as follows: first, expose the seeds to sunlight for 3 - 5 days, then soak them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.15% for 15 - 20 minutes for disinfection. After taking out the disinfected seeds, soak them in warm water at 45 - 50 °C for 15 - 20 minutes to wake them up, then fish them out and place them in an environment at 25 - 30 °C for germination. The germination time is 4 - 5 days. When the seed white emergence rate reaches 75% - 80%, sowing can be carried out. When most of the pepper seedlings reach a height of 15 - 20 cm, they can be transplanted. When transplanting, plant 2 rows per ridge, keep the row spacing at 50 cm, the hole spacing at 35 cm, and 1 plant per hole to ensure the best balance of planting density and nutrient requirements of each plant during the pepper planting process. To avoid the influence of harmful insects and pathogens on the growth of pepper seedlings during subsequent planting, 5 - 7 days after transplanting the pepper seedlings, spray a combined solution composed of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, garlic liquid and amino acids. The mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, garlic liquid and amino acids is (15 - 20):(10 - 15):(25 - 35):(1000 - 1500):(90 - 150). Kill bacteria and pests through the multiple fermentation of microorganisms and the biological substances of garlic.

[0009] The cultivation method for reducing pepper continuous cropping obstacles provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the adverse effects on pepper growth caused by harmful pathogens, viruses, pests and other disease organisms remaining and accumulating in the soil during pepper continuous cropping. It adopts an innovative soil treatment process. By physically and chemically treating the soil, it can effectively kill harmful organisms such as remaining pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pests, etc. in the soil, and at the same time improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, creating a good environment for pepper growth. Use probiotic strains to bioremediate the soil, further improve the disease resistance and fertility of the soil, and provide sufficient nutrients for pepper growth. By adopting the subsequent effective management measures of the cultivation method of the present invention, the survival rate of pepper after transplanting can be significantly improved, the damage of pests and diseases during subsequent planting can be reduced, and it can ensure that peppers can grow healthily and thrive, thus effectively avoiding the adverse situation of reduced production in the case of pepper continuous cropping. Detailed implementation mode

[0010] To further illustrate the concept of the present invention, the following will further elaborate on the present invention through specific examples. The following examples are only for exemplarily illustrating and explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. All technologies implemented based on the content described in the present invention are covered within the scope intended to be protected by the present invention. Example 1

[0011] A cultivation method for reducing pepper continuous cropping obstacles includes the following steps: S1. Plant ginger as an intercrop in the gaps between chili pepper plants. After harvesting, leave the ginger straw and chili pepper straw, mix and crush them, then spread them on the soil surface. Evenly sprinkle biological inoculants and fertilizers, and then use a rotary tiller to till the soil 4 times, with a tillage depth of 45 cm. Wait for 35 days.

[0012] S2. Sprinkle a layer of lime on the soil surface and then water it. Wait for 7 days.

[0013] S3. Apply fertilizer to the soil. First, prepare a fertilizer composed of calcium phosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Trichoderma harzianum with a weight ratio of 20:2:2:6. Then, mix the prepared fertilizer with the crushed ginger straw according to the application rate, and add vermiculite calcined and crushed at 500 °C to obtain the final fertilizer. Then, apply it into the soil and till the soil.

[0014] S4. Ridging is carried out on the ground according to the planting requirements, and a silver-black double-sided plastic film is covered on the ridges.

[0015] S5. Before sowing, expose the chili pepper seeds to the sun for 3 days, soak them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.15% for 20 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 50 °C for 15 minutes, place them on a tray for germination for 5 days, with a germination temperature of 30 °C. After the seed white emergence rate reaches 75% - 80%, sow them in a seedling tray. After the chili pepper seedlings reach a height of 15 - 20 cm, transplant and plant them. Transplant 2 rows of chili peppers on each ridge, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 45 cm. Plant 1 plant in each hole. On the 7th day after planting, spray a solution composed of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, garlic liquid, and amino acid solution with a mass ratio of 15:10:35:1000:90. Example 2

[0016] A cultivation method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of chili peppers, including the following steps: S1. Plant ginger as an intercrop in the gaps between chili pepper plants. After harvesting, leave the ginger straw and chili pepper straw, mix and crush them, then spread them on the soil surface. Evenly sprinkle biological inoculants and fertilizers, and then use a rotary tiller to till the soil 5 times, with a tillage depth of 50 cm. Wait for 25 days.

[0017] S2. Sprinkle a layer of lime on the soil surface and then water it. Wait for 10 days.

[0018] S3. Apply fertilizer to the soil. First, prepare a fertilizer composed of calcium phosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Trichoderma harzianum with a weight ratio of 25:4:4:10. Then, mix the prepared fertilizer with the crushed ginger straw according to the application rate, and add vermiculite calcined and crushed at 600 °C to obtain the final fertilizer. Then, apply it into the soil and till the soil.

[0019] S4. Ridging is carried out on the ground according to the planting requirements, and a silver-black double-sided plastic film is covered on the ridges.

[0020] S5. Before sowing, expose the pepper seeds to the sun for 4 days, soak them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.15% for 15 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 45°C for 20 minutes, place them on a tray for germination for 6 days, with the germination temperature at 25°C. After the seed white emergence rate reaches 75% - 80%, sow them in a seedling tray. After the pepper seedlings reach a height of 15 - 20 cm, transplant and plant them. Plant 2 rows of peppers per ridge, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 45 cm, and plant 1 plant per hole. On the 5th day after transplantation, spray a lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, garlic solution, and amino acid solution composed of a mass ratio of 15:15:25:1500:150. Example Three

[0021] A cultivation method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of peppers, comprising the following steps: S1. Plant ginger as an intercropping during the pepper planting interval. Leave the mixed crushed ginger straws and pepper straws after harvest and lay them on the soil surface. Evenly sprinkle biological bacteria agents and fertilizers, and then rotary till the soil 5 times with a rotary tiller, with a tillage depth of 50 cm, and wait for 30 days.

[0022] S2. Sprinkle a layer of lime on the soil surface and then water it, and wait for 8 days.

[0023] S3. Apply fertilizer to the soil interior. First, prepare a fertilizer composed of calcium phosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Trichoderma harzianum with a weight ratio of 22:3:4:8. Then, mix the prepared fertilizer with the crushed ginger straws according to the fertilization amount, and then add vermiculite calcined and crushed at 550°C to obtain the final fertilizer, and then apply it into the soil and rotary till.

[0024] S4. Ridges are made on the ground according to the planting requirements, and a silver-black double-sided plastic film is covered on the ridges.

[0025] S5. Before sowing, expose the pepper seeds to the sun for 4 days, soak them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.15% for 20 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 45°C for 20 minutes, place them on a tray for germination for 5 days, with the germination temperature at 28°C. After the seed white emergence rate reaches 75% - 80%, sow them in a seedling tray. After the pepper seedlings reach a height of 15 - 20 cm, transplant and plant them. Plant 2 rows of peppers per ridge, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 45 cm, and plant 1 plant per hole. On the 6th day after transplantation, spray a lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, garlic solution, and amino acid solution composed of a mass ratio of 20:12:30:1200:90. Example Four

[0026] A cultivation method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of peppers, comprising the following steps: S1. Plant ginger as an intercrop in the gaps between chili pepper plants. After harvesting, leave the ginger straw and chili pepper straw mixed and crushed, spread them on the soil surface, evenly sprinkle biological bacteria agents and fertilizers, then use a rotary tiller to till the soil 4 times, with a tillage depth of 45 cm, and wait for 28 days.

[0027] S2. Sprinkle a layer of lime on the soil surface and then water it, and wait for 9 days.

[0028] S3. Apply fertilizer to the soil. First, prepare a fertilizer composed of calcium phosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Trichoderma harzianum with a weight ratio of 22:3:3:9. Then, mix the prepared fertilizer with the crushed ginger straw according to the fertilization amount, and add vermiculite calcined and crushed at 600 °C to obtain the final fertilizer, and then apply it into the soil and till.

[0029] S4. Ridges are formed on the ground according to the planting requirements, and silver-black double-sided plastic film is covered on the ridges.

[0030] S5. Before sowing, expose the chili pepper seeds to the sun for 4 days, soak them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.15% for 18 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 48 °C for 18 minutes, place them on a tray for germination for 4.5 days, with a germination temperature of 28 °C. After the seed white emergence rate reaches 75% - 80%, sow them in a seedling tray. After the chili pepper seedlings reach a height of 15 - 20 cm, transplant and plant them. Plant 2 rows of chili peppers on each ridge, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 45 cm, and plant 1 plant in each hole. On the 6th day after transplantation, spray a solution composed of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, garlic liquid, and amino acid solution with a mass ratio of 18:13:28:1350:145. Example Five

[0031] A cultivation method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of chili peppers, including the following steps: S1. Plant ginger as an intercrop in the gaps between chili pepper plants. After harvesting, leave the ginger straw and chili pepper straw mixed and crushed, spread them on the soil surface, evenly sprinkle biological bacteria agents and fertilizers, then use a rotary tiller to till the soil 5 times, with a tillage depth of 50 cm, and wait for 32 days.

[0032] S2. Sprinkle a layer of lime on the soil surface and then water it, and wait for 8 days.

[0033] S3. Apply fertilizer to the soil. First, prepare a fertilizer composed of calcium phosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Trichoderma harzianum with a weight ratio of 20:3.5:2.5:7. Then, mix the prepared fertilizer with the crushed ginger straw according to the fertilization amount, and add vermiculite calcined and crushed at 500 °C to obtain the final fertilizer, and then apply it into the soil and till.

[0034] S4. Ridges are formed on the ground according to the planting requirements, and silver-black double-sided plastic film is covered on the ridges.

[0035] S5. Before sowing, expose the pepper seeds to the sun for 4 days, soak them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.15% for 20 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 50°C for 20 minutes, place them on a tray for germination for 5 days, with the germination temperature at 30°C. After the seed white emergence rate reaches 75% - 80%, sow them in a seedling tray. After the pepper seedlings reach a height of 15 - 20 cm, transplant and plant them. Plant 2 rows of peppers per ridge, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 45 cm, and plant 1 plant per hole. On the 6th day after transplantation, spray a lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, garlic solution, and amino acid solution composed of a mass ratio of 16:14:28:1450:120. Example Six

[0036] A cultivation method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of peppers, comprising the following steps: S1. Plant ginger as an intercrop during the pepper planting interval. After harvesting, mix and crush the ginger straw and pepper straw and lay them on the soil surface. Evenly sprinkle biological bacterial agents and fertilizers, and then till the soil 4 times with a rotary tiller, with a tillage depth of 45 cm, and wait for 30 days.

[0037] S2. Sprinkle a layer of lime on the soil surface and then water it, and wait for 7 days.

[0038] S3. Apply fertilizer to the soil interior. First, prepare a fertilizer composed of calcium phosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Trichoderma harzianum with a weight ratio of 24:2:2:8. Then, mix the prepared fertilizer with the crushed ginger straw according to the fertilization amount, and add vermiculite calcined and crushed at 500°C to obtain the final fertilizer, and then apply it to the soil and till the soil.

[0039] S4. Ridges are formed on the ground according to the planting requirements, and a silver-black double-sided plastic film is covered on the ridges.

[0040] S5. Before sowing, expose the pepper seeds to the sun for 5 days, soak them in a potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.15% for 15 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 50°C for 15 minutes, place them on a tray for germination for 4 days, with the germination temperature at 30°C. After the seed white emergence rate reaches 75% - 80%, sow them in a seedling tray. After the pepper seedlings reach a height of 15 - 20 cm, transplant and plant them. Plant 2 rows of peppers per ridge, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 45 cm, and plant 1 plant per hole. On the 7th day after transplantation, spray a lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, garlic solution, and amino acid solution composed of a mass ratio of 18:13:25:1100:125.

[0041] The cultivation method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of peppers provided by the present invention can be achieved through many methods and approaches. The above are only preferred implementation manners provided by way of example. Those skilled in the art can think of many changes, alterations, and substitutions without departing from the present invention. It should be understood that various alternative solutions to the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be adopted in the practice of the present invention. The appended claims are intended to define the scope of the present invention and thus cover the methods within the scope of these claims and their equivalents. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of peppers, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Ginger is used as a fill crop. After ginger is harvested, pepper stalks are crushed and laid on the soil surface. Biological agents and fertilizers are evenly sprinkled on the soil, and then the soil is tilled with a rotary tiller for 25 to 35 days. S2. Sprinkle a layer of lime on the soil surface and water it for 7 to 10 days; S3, applying fertilizer to the soil, wherein the fertilizer components include superphosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma harzianum and crushed ginger straw, and rotary tilling once after applying the fertilizer; S4. Make ridges on the land and cover the ridges with a layer of silver-black double-color mulch film; S5. Planting and management of pepper seedlings.

2. The method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of pepper according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, the treated vermiculite is added at the same time as the fertilizer, and the vermiculite is obtained by calcining at 500-600° C. for 3 hours and then crushing it.

3. The cultivation method for alleviating the obstacles of continuous pepper cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the mass ratio of superphosphate, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Trichoderma harzianum is (20-25): (2-4): (2-4): (6-10).

4. The cultivation method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of peppers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, rotary tillage is performed 4 to 5 times, and the rotary tillage depth is 45 to 50 cm.

5. The cultivation method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of peppers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the pepper seedlings are prepared by exposing the seeds to the sun for 3 to 5 days, soaking them in a 0.15% potassium permanganate solution for 15 to 20 minutes, taking them out and soaking them in 45 to 50 degrees warm water for 15 to 20 minutes, germinating them at 25 to 30 degrees for 4 to 5 days, sowing them after the whitening rate of the seeds reaches 75% to 80%, and transplanting them when the height of the pepper seedlings reaches 15 to 20 centimeters.

6. The method for reducing the continuous cropping obstacle of pepper according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S5, two rows are planted in each cluster, with a row spacing of 50 cm, a hole spacing of 35 cm, and one plant in each hole.

7. The cultivation method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of peppers according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5, when the pepper seedlings are 5 to 7 days old after being planted, a combined solution consisting of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, garlic liquid and amino acids is sprayed.

8. The cultivation method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous pepper cropping according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, the mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, garlic liquid and amino acids is (15-20): (10-15): (25-35): (1000-1500): (90-150).