Planting method for covering rice with biodegradable film in cold region

Abstract

The invention relates to a planting method for covering rice with a biodegradable film in a cold region. Comprising the following steps: (1) dry seedling raising: sowing 20-30g of seeds in each square meter of seedbed by adopting drill sowing or broadcast sowing; (2) preparing a compartment surface, turning over the soil, and loosening the soil; (3) applying a base fertilizer at one time, and applying 7-8 kg / mu of a nitrogen fertilizer, 2-4 kg / mu of a phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 kg / mu of a potassium fertilizer and 1.0-1.5 kg / mu of a zinc fertilizer to the compartment surface; (4) covering a film on the compartment surface, and covering a biodegradable film to be tightly attached to the soil 2-3 days after the fertilizer is applied; (5) transplanting plantlets: transplanting the plantlets when 3-4 true leaves grow on each seedling; (6) water management: after rice transplanting, water is kept in furrows, and no water exists on film surfaces; drying the field in the vigorous tillering stage; (7) timely harvesting. The growth conditions of heat tension, short rice growth period and limited yield potential in the northeast cold region in China are solved, temperature increasing, water retention and fertilizer saving can be achieved, and the comprehensive benefits of rice planting in the northeast cold region are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and specifically, to a planting method for rice covered with a biodegradable film in cold regions. Background Art

[0002] The Northeast region is an important commodity grain production base in China. The annual planting area of rice is more than 80 million mu, and the planting area and total output respectively account for 17% and 19% of the country, playing a huge role in ensuring national food security. Due to the high latitude and less heat in this region, the growth of machine-transplanted rice in the Northeast region faces prominent problems such as small seedling age, weak seedling quality, short growth period, and limited yield potential. Research shows that the rice film mulching cultivation mode can effectively solve the problems of seasonal drought and low-temperature cold damage during the growth of rice, and has shown the effects of reducing irrigation water use, inhibiting field weeds, increasing soil temperature, and increasing rice yield in the cold rice-growing areas of the Northeast, the high-cold paddy fields in the north, and the cold-soaked paddy fields in the south. However, the traditional polyethylene plastic film has been mostly used in the previous rice film mulching cultivation mode, which not only brings problems of difficult recycling and persistent pollution, but also the long-term accumulation of broken agricultural films in the soil will deteriorate the physical and chemical properties of the soil plough layer, affect the growth and development of crops, and then lead to a decrease in yield and deterioration of quality. In recent years, with the rise of the concept of biodegradable films and the progress of product creation and research and development of film mulching machines, the machine-transplanted cultivation of rice covered with biodegradable films has received extensive attention due to its advantages such as water conservation, heat preservation, weed control, and complete degradability. Among them, nitrogen fertilizer application is an important way to increase rice yield and improve quality. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the comprehensive high-yield method of nitrogen and water conservation for machine-transplanted rice covered with biodegradable films in cold regions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a planting method for rice covered with a biodegradable film in cold regions, which involves one-time fertilization, is suitable for the rice film mulching cultivation mode, rationally utilizes resources, and improves the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield of rice in cold regions.

[0004] This application provides a planting method for rice covered with a biodegradable film in cold regions, including the following steps:

[0005] (1) Dry nursery seedling raising, the sowing method adopts drill sowing or broadcast sowing, 20 - 30 g of seeds are sown per square meter of seedbed. During the seedling raising period, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25 - 30 °C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 15 °C;

[0006] (2) Making the bed surface, plowing the soil to ensure the soil is loose, the width of the bed is 2 - 2.2 meters, the height of the bed is 15 - 20 centimeters, and an appropriate passage is left between the beds;

[0007] (3) Applying a one-time base fertilizer, applying 7 - 8 kg / acre of nitrogen fertilizer, 2 - 4 kg / acre of phosphorus fertilizer, 3 - 5 kg / acre of potassium fertilizer, and 1.0 - 1.5 kg / acre of zinc fertilizer. The fertilizer is applied to the bed surface and mixed evenly with the soil on the bed surface;

[0008] (4) The surface of the compartment is covered with a film. Two to three days after applying the fertilizer, a biodegradable film is covered and closely attached to the soil.

[0009] (5) Transplant the small seedlings when the seedlings grow to 3 - 4 true leaves.

[0010] (6) Water management: Keep water in the ditch and no water on the film surface after transplanting the rice; Drain the water in the ditch during the vigorous tillering stage to sun the field and control tillering.

[0011] (7) Harvest at the right time: Harvest when the paddy is mature and the moisture content of the grains is 18% - 20%.

[0012] In the above method, the seeds in step (1) are disinfected before sowing.

[0013] In the above method, the sowing depth in step (1) is 1 - 2 cm.

[0014] In the above method, in step (3), by mass, the nitrogen fertilizer includes 20 - 30 parts of urea, 30 - 40 parts of 60 - day resin - coated urea, and 30 - 50 parts of 90 - day resin - coated urea.

[0015] In the above method, the phosphate fertilizer in step (3) is diammonium phosphate or superphosphate.

[0016] In the above method, the potassium fertilizer in step (3) is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.

[0017] In the above method, the zinc fertilizer in step (3) is zinc sulfate.

[0018] In the above method, the biodegradable film in step (4) is a chemically synthesized degradable film or a microbially synthesized degradable film.

[0019] In the above method, the biodegradable film in step (4) starts to degrade 45 - 50 d after film covering and completely degrades in 85 - 90 d.

[0020] In the above method, the planting depth in step (5) is 2 - 3 cm.

[0021] At present, regions such as Europe have formed a relatively mature application system for biodegradable mulch films in research and development and application, which is mainly used in the production of crops such as vegetables, cotton, tobacco, corn, etc. and other crops with relatively high economic value. This cultivation method of biodegradable films is significantly affected by factors such as climate change, geographical regions, and crop types. The cultivation of rice in cold regions of Northeast China faces unique challenges, mainly including practical problems such as low temperature, scarce heat, large input of water and fertilizer resources but low utilization rate. At present, in the film mulching cultivation method system of rice in cold regions of Northeast China, ordinary non-degradable mulch films such as polyethylene are still mainly used, and there is still great room for improvement in the potential exploration of the convenience of the biodegradable film covering cultivation method to increase soil temperature, reduce water evaporation, inhibit weed growth, and increase rice yield.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application optimizes the cultivation method of covering rice with biodegradable films in cold regions, improves the water utilization rate and fertilizer utilization rate, especially the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, rationally utilizes resources, increases the rice yield, and the quality of rice is high. Applying fertilizer once saves multiple manual fertilizations, which not only improves the fertilizer utilization rate but also reduces the labor cost. Specific implementation manner

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0024] A cultivation method of covering rice with biodegradable films in cold regions includes the following steps:

[0025] (1) Dry seedling raising. The seeds are disinfected before sowing to improve the germination rate. The sowing method adopts drilling or broadcasting. Sow 20 - 30 g of seeds per square meter of seedbed, and the sowing depth is 1 - 2 cm. After sowing, water appropriately to keep the soil moist, but avoid waterlogging. During the seedling raising period, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25 - 30 °C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 15 °C. If the temperature exceeds or is lower than the above range, it will affect the root development and the absorption of water and nutrients, and easily cause physiological diseases such as leaf burns and wilting, affecting the growth and development of seedlings.

[0026] (2) Before leveling the seedling bed, apply base fertilizer once, applying nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as pure N) 7 - 8 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (calculated as P2O5) 2 - 4 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O) 3 - 5 kg / mu, and zinc fertilizer 1.0 - 1.5 kg / mu. By mass fraction, the nitrogen fertilizer includes 20 - 30 parts of urea, 30 - 40 parts of 60-day resin-coated urea, and 30 - 50 parts of 90-day resin-coated urea. The phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate or superphosphate. The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate. The zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate. The fertilizer is applied to the seedbed and mixed evenly with the soil on the seedbed.

[0027] (3) Two days after applying the fertilizer, cover with a biodegradable film which fits tightly to the soil. The biodegradable film is a chemically synthesized degradable film or a microbially synthesized degradable film. The thickness of the biodegradable film is 0.01 - 0.03 mm. The biodegradable film preferably starts to degrade 45 - 50 days after film covering and completely degrades in 85 - 90 days.

[0028] (4) Transplant the seedlings when they grow to 3 - 4 true leaves, and the planting depth is 2 - 3 cm.

[0029] (5) Keep water in the ditch and no water on the film surface all the time after transplanting. Drain the water in the ditch during the vigorous tillering stage to sun the field for controlling tillering. The sunning standard: the surface of the ridge does not turn white, one can stand firmly in the ditch, there are "sesame seed cracks" on the field surface, and at the same time white roots emerge.

[0030] (6) Harvest when the paddy is at the mature stage and the moisture content of the grains is 18% - 20%. Excessive moisture content will affect the harvesting efficiency, while too low moisture content may affect the rice quality.

[0031] Example

[0032] The experiment was carried out in 2023 at the comprehensive experimental base of the Harbin Institute of Water Resources Sciences in Heilongjiang Province. The tested soil is loam, with available nitrogen of 145 mg / kg, available phosphorus of 44.1 mg / kg, available potassium of 364 mg / kg, and pH value of 7.1. The tested rice variety is Daohuaxiang No. 2.

[0033] This example provides a planting method for rice covered with a cold-region biodegradable film, including the following steps:

[0034] (1) Raise seedlings in dry land. Select a plot for the seedbed that is loose, well-ventilated, rich in organic matter, and convenient for irrigation and drainage, and disinfect it to ensure no pests and diseases. Disinfect the seeds before sowing. The sowing method is drilling, sowing 25 g of seeds per square meter of the seedbed, and the sowing depth is 1 - 2 cm. After sowing, water appropriately to keep the soil moist, but avoid waterlogging. During the seedling raising period, control the daytime temperature at 25 - 30 °C and the nighttime temperature at 16 - 18 °C.

[0035] (2) Build a ridge surface with a width of 2 m and a height of 18 cm. Apply the base fertilizer at one time before leveling the ridge surface, applying nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as pure N) at 8 kg / mu, phosphorus fertilizer (calculated as P2O5) at 4 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O) at 4 kg / mu, and zinc fertilizer at 1.2 kg / mu. The nitrogen fertilizer includes 25 kg of urea, 35 kg of 60-day resin-coated urea, and 40 kg of 90-day resin-coated urea. The phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate. The potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride. The zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate. Apply the fertilizers on the ridge surface and mix them evenly with the soil on the ridge surface. After fertilization, irrigate appropriately to keep the soil moist and avoid waterlogging in the soil affecting the fertilizer utilization.

[0036] (3) Two days after applying the fertilizer, a biodegradable film with good light transmittance and durability (purchased from Shandong Quanmiao Agricultural Science and Technology Biotechnology Co., Ltd., mainly composed of polybutylene adipate / terephthalate) was covered and closely adhered to the soil. Its thickness was 0.02 mm. The biodegradable film started to degrade 50 days after film covering and was completely degraded in 90 days.

[0037] (4) When the seedlings grew to 4 true leaves, manual transplanting was carried out. The planting depth was 2 - 3 cm, and the roots were buried in the soil to ensure that the roots could fully absorb water and nutrients.

[0038] (5) After transplanting, there was always water in the ditch and no water on the film surface. When tillering was vigorous, the ditch water was drained to control tillering by sunning the field. The sunning standard was that the surface of the ridge did not turn white, one could stand firmly in the ditch, the field surface cracked "sesame cracks", and at the same time, white roots emerged.

[0039] (6) Harvesting was carried out when the paddy was in the mature stage and the grain moisture content was 20%.

[0040] Control example

[0041] In the same base and with the same tested soil as in the example, non - film - covering cultivation was carried out, including the following steps:

[0042] (1) The same as step (1) of the example.

[0043] (2) A ridge surface with a width of 2 m and a height of 18 cm was established. Before leveling the ridge surface, basal fertilizer was applied, including 4 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer (urea calculated as pure N), 4 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate calculated as P2O5), 4 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer (potassium chloride calculated as K2O), and 1.2 kg / mu of zinc fertilizer (zinc sulfate). The fertilizers were applied on the ridge surface and mixed evenly with the ridge surface soil. After fertilization, appropriate irrigation was carried out to keep the soil moist and avoid waterlogging in the soil affecting fertilizer utilization. 3 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer (urea calculated as pure N) was applied as tillering fertilizer 5 - 7 days after rice transplanting, and 3 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer (urea calculated as pure N) was applied as panicle fertilizer 80 - 85 days after rice transplanting.

[0044] (3) When the seedlings grew to 4 true leaves, manual transplanting was carried out. The planting depth was 2 - 3 cm, and the roots were buried in the soil to ensure that the roots could fully absorb water and nutrients.

[0045] (4) After transplanting, there was always water in the ditch and no water on the film surface. When tillering was vigorous, the ditch water was drained to control tillering by sunning the field. The sunning standard was that the surface of the ridge did not turn white, one could stand firmly in the ditch, the field surface cracked "sesame cracks", and at the same time, white roots emerged.

[0046] (5) Harvesting was carried out when the paddy was in the mature stage and the grain moisture content was 20%.

[0047] The weed occurrence quantity, density, and water consumption of the examples and comparative examples were measured and statistically analyzed. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1

[0049]

[0050] As can be seen from Table 1, the present application can promote the growth of rice plants, inhibit the weed occurrence quantity, reduce the weed occurrence density, save water consumption, and improve water use efficiency.

[0051] The nitrogen fertilizer application rate, partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, and rice yield of the examples and comparative examples were measured and statistically analyzed. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2

[0053]

[0054] As can be seen from Table 2, the present application can reduce the nitrogen fertilizer application rate by more than 10%, improve the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, and increase the rice yield.

[0055] The above description of the disclosed examples enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other examples without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for planting rice covered with biodegradable film in cold regions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Dry seedling raising: the sowing method is row sowing or broadcast sowing, and 20-30g of seeds are sown per square meter of seedbed. During the seedling raising period, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25-30℃ and the night temperature is not lower than 15℃; (2) Making the cabin surface: plowing the soil to ensure that it is loose, with a cabin width of 2-2.2 meters and a cabin height of 15-20 centimeters, and leaving appropriate passages between cabins; (3) applying base fertilizer at one time, applying 7-8 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 2-4 kg / mu of phosphorus fertilizer, 3-5 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer and 1.0-1.5 kg / mu of zinc fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied to the cabin surface and mixed evenly with the cabin surface soil; (4) The box surface is covered with a film, and 2-3 days after the fertilizer is applied, the covering biodegradable film is tightly attached to the soil; (5) Transplanting seedlings: Transplant when the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves; (6) Water management: After rice is transplanted, water should always be kept in the ditch and the film surface should be kept dry; when tillering is vigorous, drain the ditch water and dry the field to control tillering; (7) Harvest at the right time: harvest when the rice is mature and the moisture content of the grain is 18%-20%.

2. The method for planting rice covered with biodegradable film in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeds in step (1) are disinfected before sowing.

3. The method for planting rice covered with biodegradable film in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (1) The sowing depth is 1-2 cm.

4. The method for planting rice covered with biodegradable film in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of urea, 30-40 parts of 60-day resin-coated urea, and 30-50 parts of 90-day resin-coated urea.

5. The method for planting rice covered with biodegradable film in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphate fertilizer in step (3) is diammonium phosphate or superphosphate.

6. The method for planting rice covered with biodegradable film in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potash fertilizer in step (3) is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.

7. The method for planting rice covered with biodegradable film in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The zinc fertilizer in step (3) is zinc sulfate.

8. The method for planting rice covered with biodegradable film in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biodegradable film in step (4) is a chemically synthesized biodegradable film or a microbially synthesized biodegradable film.

9. The method for planting rice covered with biodegradable film in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biodegradable film in step (4) begins to degrade 45-50 days after coating and is completely degraded in 85-90 days.

10. The method for planting rice covered with biodegradable film in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting depth of step (5) is 2-3 cm.

Images