A method and system for transporting cultured longnose catfish with improved survival rate

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture methods, and specifically to a transportation method and a transportation system for farmed long-snouted catfish that improve the survival rate. The transportation method includes the entire process from pre-catching preparation to recuperation at the breeding ground, and the transportation system includes a pre-transportation treatment unit, a transportation unit, and a post-transportation temporary holding unit. By using the above-mentioned system and the above-mentioned method, the purpose of promoting the recovery of long-snouted catfish wounds and preventing and controlling diseases such as bacteria, molds, Ichthyophthirius and spores can be achieved, and it is suitable for daily long-distance transportation, parent transportation and cultivation of long-snouted catfish. This technical solution can solve the technical problem of the high mortality rate of long-snouted catfish after long-distance transportation in the prior art. This transportation method and system that improves the survival rate not only solves the challenges faced by long-snouted catfish during transportation, but also has important significance for promoting the healthy and stable development of the long-snouted catfish industry, and has ideal application and promotion prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture methods, and in particular to a transportation method and a transportation system for cultured longnose catfish with improved survival rate. Background Art

[0002] Longnose catfish ( Leiocassis longirostris Catfish (Catfish), belonging to the order Siluriformes, family Catfish, and genus Catfish, is an important and valuable freshwater fish, commonly known as catfish, river grouper, or fat tuo. It is primarily found in China's major water systems, including the Yangtze, Liao, Huai, Min, and Pearl River basins. This fish is widely favored by consumers for its few intramuscular bones, tender texture, and delicious flavor, earning it the reputation of "If you haven't eaten river grouper, you don't know the taste of fish."

[0003] The longnose catfish not only boasts delicious meat but also boasts a rich, plump swim bladder, which can be processed into a prized food called pen holder fish maw, making it one of the "Three Treasures of Shishou" in Shishou City, Hubei Province. Since its successful artificial breeding in the 1980s, advancements in aquaculture technology, particularly due to its strong disease resistance and rapid growth, have led to a steady increase in its production, with an average yield exceeding 5,000 kilograms per mu.

[0004] However, despite their excellent performance in aquaculture, longnose catfish face major challenges during transportation. One notable problem is that they are extremely sensitive to environmental changes and are prone to strong stress responses and secretion of large amounts of mucus during transportation. This mucus consumes oxygen in the water, causing the water quality to deteriorate rapidly, especially under high-density transportation conditions. In addition, the fins of longnose catfish contain venom glands that can secrete venom. In a crowded transportation environment, friction between fish bodies can easily cause damage to the fins, and the presence of venom increases the risk of wound infection, ultimately leading to a mortality rate of over 70% after long-distance transportation.

[0005] These problems have greatly restricted the further expansion and development of the long-snouted catfish industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new transportation systems and technologies to improve the survival rate of long-snouted catfish during transit. This will not only help reduce transportation costs, but also reduce resource waste, while ensuring market supply and promoting the healthy and stable development of the long-snouted catfish industry. An ideal solution should be able to effectively control water quality conditions in the transportation environment, reduce fish stress responses, and prevent injuries caused by fin entanglement and the resulting infection risks. Solving these problems through technological innovation is crucial to promoting the development of the entire long-snouted catfish industry chain. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for transporting cultured long-snouted catfish with improved survival rate, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the long-snouted catfish has a high mortality rate after long-distance transportation.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A transportation system for cultivating longnose catfish with improved survival rate, comprising a temporary holding unit after transportation;

[0009] The post-transport temporary holding unit includes a first post-transport temporary holding pond, a second post-transport temporary holding pond, a third post-transport temporary holding pond, a fourth post-transport temporary holding pond and a fifth post-transport temporary holding pond which are arranged in sequence according to the breeding time;

[0010] The holding tank after the first transport contains 3.5-5ppm oxytetracycline, 3-5‰ sodium chloride, 1-2ppm vitamin C and 2-4mg / L Chinese herbal medicine;

[0011] The second post-transport holding pond is formed by draining half of the aquaculture water from the first post-transport holding pond and replenishing the water with fresh aquaculture water as well as oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and a Chinese herbal medicine to obtain the second post-transport holding pond; wherein the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and the Chinese herbal medicine in the second post-transport holding pond are 3.5-5 ppm, 3-5‰, 1-2 ppm, and 2-4 mg / L, respectively;

[0012] The third post-transport holding pond is formed by draining half of the aquaculture water from the second post-transport holding pond and replenishing it with fresh aquaculture water as well as oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and a Chinese herbal medicine to obtain the third post-transport holding pond; the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and the Chinese herbal medicine in the third post-transport holding pond are 3.5-5 ppm, 3-5‰, and 2-4 mg / L, respectively;

[0013] The fourth post-transport temporary holding pond is formed by draining one-third of the aquaculture water in the third post-transport temporary holding pond and replenishing it with fresh aquaculture water to obtain the fourth post-transport temporary holding pond;

[0014] The fifth post-transport holding pond is formed by draining one-third of the aquaculture water from the fourth post-transport holding pond and replenishing it with fresh aquaculture water to obtain the fifth post-transport holding pond;

[0015] The raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine are Senecio radiata and / or Galla chinensis.

[0016] Furthermore, the first temporary holding pond after transportation and the second temporary holding pond after transportation are both used to culture long-snout catfish for one day; the third temporary holding pond after transportation, the fourth temporary holding pond after transportation and the fifth temporary holding pond after transportation are used to culture long-snout catfish for two days.

[0017] Furthermore, the Chinese herbal medicine is prepared by the following method: Senecio radiata and / or Galla chinensis are decocted and extracted to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine.

[0018] Furthermore, a transportation system for farmed longnose catfish that improves survival rate also includes a transportation unit; the transportation unit includes a fish cart; the fish cart is filled with aquaculture water, and the mass ratio of fish to aquaculture water is 1:4-1:6; the aquaculture water is supplemented with liquid oxygen, and the dissolved oxygen content is 3-5 mg / L.

[0019] Furthermore, a transportation system for farmed long-snouted catfish with improved survival rate also includes a pre-transportation treatment unit; the pre-transportation treatment unit includes a pre-transportation temporary holding pond; the pre-transportation temporary holding pond is filled with aquaculture water added with copper sulfate, and the aquaculture water is pond water that has been disinfected; the pre-transportation temporary holding pond is used to farm the long-snouted catfish for 1-2 days before transportation; and the long-snouted catfish is fasted for 2-3 days before transportation.

[0020] The present technical solution also provides a method for transporting cultured longnose catfish to improve the survival rate, comprising the following steps in sequence:

[0021] S1 Preparation before transportation: Before transportation, the long-snouted catfish shall be fasted and cultured in a temporary holding pond containing copper sulfate;

[0022] S2 Transportation: During transportation, the ratio of long-snout catfish to aquaculture water is maintained at 1:4-1:6, and liquid oxygen is used to oxygenate the water, and the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water is maintained at 3-5 mg / L;

[0023] S3 Post-transportation temporary rearing: transfer the longnose catfish to the post-transportation temporary rearing pond;

[0024] On the first day of the longnose catfish entering the pond, oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and Chinese herbal medicine were added to the breeding water of the temporary holding pond after transportation;

[0025] On the second day after the longnose catfish was placed in the pond, half of the water in the pond was drained and supplemented with fresh breeding water, and oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and Chinese herbal medicine were added;

[0026] On the third day after the longnose catfish was placed in the pond, half of the water in the pond was drained and supplemented with fresh breeding water, and oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and Chinese herbal medicine were added;

[0027] On the fifth day after the longnose catfish is placed in the pond, drain one-third of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water;

[0028] On the seventh day after the longnose catfish is placed in the pond, drain one-third of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water;

[0029] The Chinese herbal medicine is obtained by decoction and extraction of Senecio chinensis or Gallnut.

[0030] Furthermore, in S1, the long-snouted catfish is fasted for 2-3 days before transportation; the long-snouted catfish is cultured in a temporary holding pond before transportation for 1-2 days before transportation; the temporary holding pond before transportation is sterilized and injected with aquaculture water added with copper sulfate; the aquaculture water is pond water that has been disinfected and aerated.

[0031] Furthermore, in S2, fresh aquaculture water was replaced every 10-12 hours.

[0032] Furthermore, in S3, the concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine in the aquaculture water of the temporary holding pond after transportation of the long-snout catfish on the first day of entry into the pond were 3.5-5 ppm, 3-5‰, 1-2 ppm, and 2-4 mg / L, respectively;

[0033] On the second day after the longnose catfish entered the pond, the concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine in the aquaculture water of the temporary holding pond after transportation were 3.5-5ppm, 3-5‰, 1-2ppm, and 2-4mg / L, respectively.

[0034] On the third day after the longnose catfish entered the pond, the concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and Chinese herbal medicine in the breeding water of the temporary holding pond after transportation were 3.5-5ppm, 3-5‰ and 2-4mg / L respectively.

[0035] Further, after S3, the longnose catfish is transferred into the fish pond.

[0036] The technical principle of this technical solution is:

[0037] This technical solution provides a method and system for transporting farmed long-snouted catfish to improve their survival rate, aiming to address the high mortality rate of long-snouted catfish caused by environmental changes during long-distance transportation. The technical principles mainly include the following aspects:

[0038] Medical assistance: Oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and specific Chinese herbal remedies (Senecio radiata or Galla chinensis) are added to the holding ponds after transport to help reduce stress in the fish, promote wound healing, and prevent infection. Furthermore, the Chinese herbal remedies (Senecio radiata or Galla chinensis) and sodium chloride exhibit a significant synergistic effect in improving fish survival rates.

[0039] Water quality management: The fish trucks in the transport unit are equipped with a liquid oxygen replenishment system to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content in the aquaculture water is maintained at 3-5mg / L to meet the oxygen demand of the longnose catfish and reduce the risk of death due to lack of oxygen. In addition, liquid oxygen can also lower the water temperature of the fish trucks and reduce the stress response of the fish.

[0040] Gradual adaptation: A multi-stage temporary rearing strategy is adopted to gradually dilute the breeding water containing drugs, so that the long-snout catfish can gradually adapt to the new environment and reduce the stress response caused by sudden environmental changes.

[0041] Pre-treatment measures: Before transportation, the long-snout catfish should be stopped from eating and placed in disinfected water containing copper sulfate to further reduce the risk of pathogen transmission and prepare for long-distance transportation.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are:

[0043] (1) Through the comprehensive use of drug treatment, water quality management and gradual adaptation measures, the mortality rate and fungal infection rate of long-snouted catfish during long-distance transportation were effectively reduced, and the quality of long-snouted catfish farming was improved.

[0044] (2) Due to the improved survival rate during transportation, high-quality long-snouted catfish can be supplied to the market more stably, which is conducive to the healthy development of the market. It reduces losses during transportation, increases the economic benefits of farmers, and also reduces resource waste. The application of this technical solution will help promote the development of the entire long-snouted catfish industry chain.

[0045] In short, this transportation method and system that improves survival rate not only solves the challenges faced by long-snouted catfish during transportation, but also has important significance for promoting the healthy and stable development of the long-snouted catfish industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples and experimental examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0047] In order to make the present invention more easily understood, certain technical and scientific terms are specifically defined below.

[0048] The term "salinity" refers to the concentration of dissolved sodium chloride in water. A salinity of 3 means that the amount of sodium chloride in water is 3‰, or 3 grams of sodium chloride per liter of water.

[0049] The term "dissolved oxygen (DO)" refers to the amount of oxygen dissolved in water.

[0050] The term "Ammonia-N" is an important indicator of water quality. Especially in aquaculture, the concentration of ammonia-N has a direct impact on the health and survival of fish. Ammonia-N is composed of ammonia (NH3) and ammonium ions (NH4 + ) forms of nitrogen compounds. In water, these two forms can be converted into each other, and the rate of conversion depends on the pH value and temperature of the water.

[0051] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0052] Example 1: Transportation of juvenile longnose catfish

[0053] A method and system for transporting cultured longnose catfish with improved survival rate, wherein the specific transportation process is as follows:

[0054] S1 Pre-transportation Preparation: 2-3 days before transport, begin feeding (preferably 3 days). Prepare a holding pond equipped with a filtration system and temperature control system. The holding pond should be marked with volume to facilitate drug administration and water changes. Pre-sterilize the holding pond with UV irradiation or clean it with tap water containing chlorine dioxide. Then, fill the holding pond with aquaculture water (pond water disinfected with 0.5ppm chlorine dioxide and aerated for 24 hours). Add 0.8ppm copper sulfate to the water and hold the captured long-snouted catfish in the holding pond for 1-2 days (preferably 2 days). Aquaculture water refers to water obtained by disinfecting the long-snouted catfish pond with 0.5ppm chlorine dioxide and aerating for 24 hours.

[0055] Defecation reduces the large amount of fecal matter produced during transport, which increases the ammonia and nitrogen content in the transport water. Excessive ammonia and nitrogen levels can cause varying degrees of damage to the fish and increase transportation risks. Copper sulfate, added during temporary rearing, not only kills pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa in the water, effectively preventing fish infection. Furthermore, copper sulfate reduces excessive mucus secretion by longnose catfish, which can lead to water hypoxia, a crucial factor in their transport.

[0056] S2 Transportation: The water used for transport is pond aquaculture water (the aquaculture water mentioned above) that has undergone conventional sedimentation, disinfection, and aeration. Transport is done by fish truck (maintaining a fish-to-water ratio of approximately 1:4 by weight, with a range of 1:4-1:6 being preferred). Liquid oxygen is used to oxygenate the water during transportation to maintain a high dissolved oxygen level, maintained at approximately 3-5 mg / L throughout the entire transportation process. Flushing in liquid oxygen also serves to cool the water. For long-distance transport, the treated aquaculture water should be replaced every 10-12 hours with fresh water.

[0057] The fish-to-water ratio must be strictly controlled during transportation. If the amount of water is too little, the fish's fins will pierce each other. In addition, the mucus secreted by the fish will make the already scarce water even more viscous, thereby reducing the dissolved oxygen content of the transported water. If the water volume is too large, it will also lead to excessive transportation costs.

[0058] S3 Post-Transportation Holding: After transport to the destination, the temperature difference between the water in the fish truck and the destination holding pond is adjusted. Specifically, water from the holding pond is slowly added to the transport water, gradually bringing the temperature of the water in the fish truck closer to that of the holding pond. After the temperature difference is adjusted, one-third of the water from the fish truck is transferred to the holding pond, and finally, all the cultured longnose catfish are transferred to the destination holding pond. Fresh aquaculture water is then added to the holding pond. See step S1 for aquaculture water conditions.

[0059] On the first day of the long-snouted catfish entering the pond: add oxytetracycline (final concentration 3.5-5ppm; preferably 5ppm), sodium chloride (final concentration 3-5%; preferably 4‰), vitamin C (final concentration 1-3ppm; preferably 1ppm) and pre-prepared Senecio herbal medicine (spray the entire pond, final concentration 2-4mg / L, preferably 4mg / L) to the temporary holding pond water.

[0060] On the second day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain their final concentrations consistent with the first day after entering the pond.

[0061] On the third day after the longnose catfish were placed in the pond: Drain half of the water and replace with fresh culture water. Add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio odoratus to maintain final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and Senecio odoratus at 5 ppm (optional range: 3.5-5 ppm), 4‰ (optional range: 3-5%), and 4 mg / L (optional range: 2-4 mg / L), respectively. Do not add vitamin C.

[0062] On the fifth day after the longnose catfish entered the pond: drain one-third of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water, and no longer add any medicine.

[0063] On the seventh day after the longnose catfish were placed in the pond: one-third of the water was drained and replaced with fresh water. No further medication was added. After two days of culture, the fish were transferred to a regular fish pond. On the ninth day, the cumulative mortality rate was calculated. The fish were observed daily for survival, morning, noon, and evening. After the ninth day of culture in the temporary holding pond, the cumulative mortality data were obtained.

[0064] After this process, the fish will have largely recovered and can be transferred to a regular pond. Severely injured fish can continue to be soaked in 2‰ sodium chloride for a week, with the water changed every other day, one-third of the total volume each time. Regular patrols are required throughout the entire process to promptly remove any dead longnose catfish. Oxytetracycline has antibacterial properties, while Senecio odoratus has anti-inflammatory and water mold-preventing properties. Vitamin C can alleviate the fish's stress response. Low concentrations of sodium chloride not only have a bactericidal effect but also synergistically alleviate stress responses, reduce mucus secretion in longnose catfish, and increase dissolved oxygen concentrations in the water.

[0065] The Senecio herbal medicine is prepared by the following method:

[0066] Add water to fresh Senecion (you can also use Senecion slices, SENECIONIS SCANDENTISHEBRA), and it is best to cover the medicine with water (material-liquid ratio 1:3-1:5, preferably 1:4, and the preferred ratio will be used in subsequent experiments). Use 70% of the total water for the first decoction and the remaining 30% for the second decoction. After the first decoction is boiled, keep it slightly boiling over low heat to reduce water evaporation, and the duration is maintained at 10-15 minutes (the Senecion Chinese herbal medicine used in subsequent experiments uses a 15-minute decoction method), and the second decoction is 10-15 minutes (the Senecion Chinese herbal medicine used in subsequent experiments uses a 15-minute decoction method). Combine the decoctions obtained from the two decoctions to obtain the Senecion Chinese herbal medicine. The above process is a conventional Chinese medicine decoction method in the prior art.

[0067] In summary, this method provides comprehensive protection for longnose catfish transportation by focusing on pre-transportation treatment (water quality control), stress relief, and disease prevention. This fundamentally reduces fish mortality due to both internal and external factors. Furthermore, the most common drug used in this method is sodium chloride, which is non-toxic to water and humans and has no drug resistance. Therefore, this method is a healthy, safe, and effective method, achieving a transport survival rate exceeding 95%.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] A batch of long-snouted catfish (average weight 50 grams, approximately 600 fish) was transported from Chongzhou City, Sichuan Province to Chengdu. For the specific operation process, see the optimal implementation method of Example 1. The fish were transferred to a conventional fish pond. After the fish bodies had no obvious scars on their surface and the fish bodies recovered their vitality, the survival rate of the long-snouted catfish was statistically calculated to be over 95% (survival rate statistics were performed on the ninth day of cultivation in the temporary holding pond). The survival rate refers to the percentage of the number of surviving fish placed in the fish pond at the end of the temporary holding period on the ninth day, as a percentage of the total number of fish placed in the temporary holding period after transportation. The total number of animals was counted after the transportation of the long-snouted catfish and before the temporary holding period. The survival of the fish was observed in the temporary holding pond once every morning, noon and evening, and the cumulative number of dead fish was counted. The number of surviving fish placed in the fish pond at the end of the temporary holding period on the ninth day was obtained.

[0070] Using this method, we explored the transport of the most vulnerable wild fish and cold-water fish that are highly susceptible to Saprolegniasis, including wild Emeishan bream ( Acheilognathus omeiensis )、Fang's minnow ( Rhodeus fangi ) and the farmed cold-water fish rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) and other methods, showed a survival rate increase of over 70% compared to the control group (conventional transport). This further highlights the effectiveness and universality of this method, effectively addressing fish transportation losses. It plays a significant role in wild fish conservation and the coldwater fish industry.

[0071] Experimental Example 1

[0072] This experiment investigated transportation methods. The general process was as follows: Approximately 1,150 longnose catfish (average weight, approximately 50-55 grams) were transported from a longnose catfish aquaculture base in Meishan to Chengdu using specialized fish trucks. One truckload (approximately 150 fish) was loaded directly from the pond without any pre-transportation treatment, designated C1. The remaining fish were handled strictly according to the optimal methods in step S1, designated C2 and C3 (each carrying approximately 500 longnose catfish). C1, C2, and C3 all followed the optimal transportation methods in step S2, maintaining a fish-to-water ratio of approximately 1:4 and oxygenating the water with liquid oxygen to maintain a dissolved oxygen level of 3 mg / L-5 mg / L. Upon arrival at the destination, subsequent temporary rearing procedures were carried out. For details, see the descriptions of the different experimental groups below.

[0073] The experimental groups were as follows, each group contained 50 longnose catfish.

[0074] Non-transfer treatment group: 50 fish were separated from the C1 car and were not treated with drugs. The fish were simply cultured in breeding drums. Dead fish were regularly removed and recorded until the end of the experiment. The survival rate was calculated at the same time point as other experimental groups.

[0075] Transport Treatment Group 1: 50 fish were transported from vehicle C2 (or C3). The best practice of Example 1 was followed (i.e., steps S1-S3 were all performed according to the best practice of Example 1). After the experiment, the survival rate was calculated, and the surface wound healing and overall condition of the fish were observed.

[0076] Transfer treatment group 2: This transfer treatment group is basically the same as transfer treatment group 1 (step S3 is performed according to the best method of Example 1), the difference is that the fish used in this transfer treatment group are 50 fish from car C1.

[0077] Transfer treatment group 3: This transfer treatment group was basically the same as transfer treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3), except that the addition of oxytetracycline was omitted in step S3, i.e.:

[0078] On the first day of the long-snouted catfish entering the pond: sodium chloride (4‰), vitamin C (1ppm) and pre-cooked Senecio herbal medicine (4mg / L) are added to the temporary holding pond water.

[0079] On the second day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water, add sodium chloride, vitamin C and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain their final concentrations consistent with the first day after entering the pond.

[0080] On the third day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond, add fresh breeding water, add sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain the final concentrations of sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata at 4‰ and 4 mg / L respectively.

[0081] The rest is the same as the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0082] Transfer treatment group 4: This transfer treatment group was essentially the same as transfer treatment group 1 (50 fish from C2 or C3), with the exception that the addition of vitamin C was omitted in step S3, which was the step that required it.

[0083] On the first day of the long-snouted catfish entering the pond: add oxytetracycline (5ppm), sodium chloride (4‰) and the pre-cooked Senecio herbal medicine (4mg / L) to the temporary holding pond water.

[0084] On the second day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain their final concentrations consistent with the first day after entering the pond.

[0085] The rest is the same as the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0086] Transfer treatment group 5: This transfer treatment group was essentially the same as transfer treatment group 1 (50 fish from C2 or C3), with the exception that the addition of sodium chloride was omitted in step S3, i.e.:

[0087] On the first day of the long-snouted catfish entering the pond: add oxytetracycline (5ppm), vitamin C (1ppm) and the pre-cooked Senecio herbal medicine (4mg / L) to the temporary holding pond water.

[0088] On the second day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline, vitamin C and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain their final concentrations consistent with the first day after entering the pond.

[0089] On the third day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond, add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain the final concentrations of oxytetracycline and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata at 5ppm and 4mg / L respectively.

[0090] The rest is the same as the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0091] Transfer treatment group 6: This transfer treatment group was basically the same as transfer treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3), except that the addition of the Senecio herbal agent was omitted in step S3, i.e.:

[0092] On the first day of the longnose catfish entering the pond: add oxytetracycline (5ppm), sodium chloride (4‰) and vitamin C (1ppm) to the temporary holding pond water.

[0093] On the second day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and vitamin C, and maintain their final concentrations consistent with the first day of entering the pond.

[0094] On the third day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond, add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline and sodium chloride, and maintain the final concentrations of oxytetracycline and sodium chloride at 5ppm and 4‰ respectively.

[0095] The rest is the same as the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0096] Transfer Treatment 7: This transfer treatment included multiple groups (each containing 50 longnose catfish from either C2 or C3) that explored the use of different Chinese herbal medicines. The experimental procedures were essentially the same as those for Transfer Treatment 1, except that the herbal medicines used were different.

[0097] The Chinese herbal medicine used in transport treatment group 7-1 was rhubarb (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), the Chinese herbal medicine used in transport treatment group 7-2 was garlic (Allii Sativii Bulbus), the Chinese herbal medicine used in transport treatment group 7-3 was astragalus (Astragalus Root), and the Chinese herbal medicine used in transport treatment group 7-4 was gallnut (Galla Chinensis). The preparation of these Chinese herbal medicines was similar to the decoction method used for the Senecio radix preparation described above, using fresh herbs. Rhubarb, garlic, astragalus, and gallnut are all Chinese herbal medicines with anti-inflammatory and water mold prevention properties, theoretically demonstrating similar effects to Senecio radix.

[0098] Transfer Treatment 8: This transfer treatment consisted of several groups (50 juvenile longnose catfish per group, from either C2 or C3) that explored the concentration of the Senecio herbal agent. The experimental procedures were essentially the same as those for Transfer Treatment 1, with the exception of the concentration of the agent. Transfer Treatment 8-1 received a 1 mg / L Senecio herbal agent; Transfer Treatment 8-2 received a 2 mg / L Senecio herbal agent; Transfer Treatment 8-3 received a 3 mg / L Senecio herbal agent; Transfer Treatment 8-4 received a 4 mg / L Senecio herbal agent; Transfer Treatment 8-5 received a 5 mg / L Senecio herbal agent; Transfer Treatment 8-6 received a 6 mg / L Senecio herbal agent; and Transfer Treatment 8-7 received a 7 mg / L Senecio herbal agent.

[0099] Transfer treatment group 9: This transfer treatment group was basically the same as transfer treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3), except that in step S3, vitamin C was still added on the third day after the longnose catfish were placed in the pond, that is:

[0100] On the first day of the long-snouted catfish entering the pond: add oxytetracycline (5ppm), sodium chloride (4‰), vitamin C (1ppm) and the pre-cooked Chinese herbal medicine of Senecio chinensis (4mg / L) to the temporary holding pond water.

[0101] On the second day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain their final concentrations consistent with the first day after entering the pond.

[0102] On the third day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain their final concentrations consistent with the first day after entering the pond.

[0103] The rest is the same as the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0104] Transfer treatment group 10: This transfer treatment group was basically the same as transfer treatment group 1 (50 fish from C2 or C3), except that in step S3, sodium chloride and Senecio serrata were not added. Specifically:

[0105] On the first day of the longnose catfish entering the pond: add oxytetracycline (5ppm) and vitamin C (1ppm) to the temporary holding pond water.

[0106] On the second day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond, add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline and vitamin C, and maintain their final concentrations consistent with the first day of entry into the pond.

[0107] On the third day after the longnose catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond, add fresh breeding water, and add oxytetracycline to maintain the final concentration of oxytetracycline at 5ppm.

[0108] The rest is the same as the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0109] Transfer treatment group 11: This transfer treatment group was basically the same as transfer treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3), except that: in step S3, the water was not replaced with fresh water on the fifth and seventh days, that is:

[0110] On the first day of the long-snouted catfish entering the pond: add oxytetracycline (5ppm), sodium chloride (4‰), vitamin C (1ppm) and the pre-cooked Chinese herbal medicine of Senecio chinensis (4mg / L) to the temporary holding pond water.

[0111] On the second day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain half of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain their final concentrations consistent with the first day after entering the pond.

[0112] On the third day after the longnose catfish were placed in the pond: Half the water was drained and replaced with fresh culture water. Oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio odoratus were added to maintain final concentrations of 5 ppm, 4‰, and 4 mg / L, respectively. No vitamin C was added.

[0113] On the fifth day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain one-third of the water in the pond, add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata at 5ppm, 4‰ and 4mg / L respectively.

[0114] On the seventh day after the long-snouted catfish entered the pond: drain one-third of the water in the pond, add fresh breeding water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata, and maintain the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio radiata at 5ppm, 4‰ and 4mg / L respectively.

[0115] The rest is the same as the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0116] The experimental results for transfer treatment groups 1 through 11 are shown in Table 1. Transfer treatment group 1, which strictly followed the protocol of the present invention, achieved a 96% survival rate for the juveniles after the transfer period. Transfer treatment group 2, which did not undergo pre-transport treatment, resulted in a decreased survival rate for the test fish. To demonstrate the necessity of pre-transport treatment, the inventors attempted to completely omit pre-transport treatment in transfer treatment group 2 (without the fasting treatment or temporary holding), resulting in a lower survival rate than transfer treatment group 1.

[0117] Transfer treatments 3 through 6 explored the combined use of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Senecio odorata. The authors found that the absence of any of these agents decreased the survival rate of the test fish, particularly the absence of either sodium chloride, Senecio odorata, or oxytetracycline. Therefore, the combination of these agents achieved the best technical results.

[0118] The use of Senecio chinensis is essential to this transshipment treatment. To explore the effects of different Chinese medicinal herbs, transshipment treatments 7-1 through 7-4 replaced Senecio chinensis with other herbs, based on treatment 1. The results showed that the final transshipment treatments were less effective than Senecio chinensis. Among them, the Chinese medicinal herb Galla chinensis significantly improved the survival rate of transported fish compared to treatment 6, which did not include any Chinese medicinal herbs. This suggests that Galla chinensis is a relatively good alternative Chinese medicinal herb in the absence of Senecio chinensis.

[0119] The present invention conducted comparative experiments on different concentrations of Senecio rapa (transport treatment groups 8-1 to 8-7) and found that the optimal concentration was 2-4 mg / L. Longnose catfish is a scaleless fish, and excessively high concentrations will cause physiological toxicity to the fish.

[0120] In transport treatment group 9, the vitamin C supplementation method was different from that in transport treatment group 1, but it did not negatively affect the survival rate of the fish. In transport treatment group 11, the fish were not cultured in pure culture water for the last 4 days, but continued to receive drug treatment, which resulted in a slight decrease in the survival rate of the fish.

[0121] In transfer treatment 10, neither sodium chloride nor Senecio spp. was added; in transfer treatment 5, sodium chloride was not added (but Senecio spp. was added); in transfer treatment 6, Senecio spp. was not added (but sodium chloride was added); and in transfer treatment 1, both sodium chloride and Senecio spp. were added. Aside from these differences, transfer treatments 1, 5, 6, and 10 were treated identically. The addition of Senecio spp. in transfer treatment 5 resulted in a 10% increase in the survival rate of the long-snouted catfish (76% - 66%); the addition of sodium chloride in transfer treatment 6 resulted in an 8% increase in the survival rate of the long-snouted catfish (74% - 66%); and the simultaneous addition of Senecio spp. and sodium chloride in transfer treatment 1 resulted in a 30% increase in the survival rate of the long-snouted catfish (96% - 66%). This demonstrates that the simultaneous addition of Senecio radiata and sodium chloride achieves a synergistic effect in improving the survival rate of longnose catfish, with the combined effect far exceeding the sum of the effects of either substance alone. Both Senecio radiata and sodium chloride are effective in combating water mold, and their synergistic effect in improving fish survival rates yields unexpected technical results.

[0122] Table 1: Experimental results of the non-transportation treatment group, transportation treatment group 1-transportation treatment group 11

[0123]

[0124] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the specific structure and characteristics of the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A transportation system for cultivating long-snout catfish with improved survival rate, characterized in that: It includes a post-transport holding unit; The post-transport temporary holding unit includes a first post-transport temporary holding pond, a second post-transport temporary holding pond, a third post-transport temporary holding pond, a fourth post-transport temporary holding pond and a fifth post-transport temporary holding pond which are arranged in sequence according to the breeding time; The holding tank after the first transport contains 3.5-5ppm oxytetracycline, 3-5‰ sodium chloride, 1-2ppm vitamin C and 2-4mg / L Chinese herbal medicine; The second post-transport holding pond is formed by draining half of the aquaculture water from the first post-transport holding pond and replenishing the water with fresh aquaculture water as well as oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and a Chinese herbal medicine to obtain the second post-transport holding pond; wherein the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and the Chinese herbal medicine in the second post-transport holding pond are 3.5-5 ppm, 3-5‰, 1-2 ppm, and 2-4 mg / L, respectively; The third post-transport holding pond is formed by draining half of the aquaculture water from the second post-transport holding pond and replenishing it with fresh aquaculture water as well as oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and a Chinese herbal medicine to obtain the third post-transport holding pond; the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and the Chinese herbal medicine in the third post-transport holding pond are 3.5-5 ppm, 3-5‰, and 2-4 mg / L, respectively; The fourth post-transport temporary holding pond is formed by draining one-third of the aquaculture water in the third post-transport temporary holding pond and replenishing it with fresh aquaculture water to obtain the fourth post-transport temporary holding pond; The fifth post-transport holding pond is formed by draining one-third of the aquaculture water from the fourth post-transport holding pond and replenishing it with fresh aquaculture water to obtain the fifth post-transport holding pond; The raw material of the Chinese herbal medicine is Senecio radix; The invention also includes a pre-transportation treatment unit; the pre-transportation treatment unit includes a pre-transportation holding pond; the pre-transportation holding pond is filled with aquaculture water added with copper sulfate, and the aquaculture water is pond water that has been disinfected; the pre-transportation holding pond is used to culture the long-snouted catfish for 1-2 days before transportation; the long-snouted catfish is fasted for 2-3 days before transportation; It also includes a transport unit; the transport unit includes a fish cart; the fish cart is filled with aquaculture water, the mass ratio of fish to aquaculture water is 1:4-1:6; liquid oxygen is added to the aquaculture water, and the dissolved oxygen content is 3-5 mg / L.

2. A transportation system for cultivating long-snout catfish with improved survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first temporary holding pond after transport and the second temporary holding pond after transport are both used to culture long-snout catfish for one day; the third temporary holding pond after transport, the fourth temporary holding pond after transport and the fifth temporary holding pond after transport are used to culture long-snout catfish for two days.

3. A transportation system for cultivating long-snout catfish with improved survival rate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Chinese herbal medicine is prepared by the following method: Senecio radiata and / or Galla chinensis are decocted and extracted to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine.

4. A method for transporting cultured longnose catfish with improved survival rate, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. Preparation before transportation: Before transportation, the long-snouted catfish is fasted and cultured in a temporary holding pond containing copper sulfate; the long-snouted catfish is fasted 2-3 days before transportation; the long-snouted catfish is cultured in the temporary holding pond 1-2 days before transportation; the temporary holding pond is sterilized and filled with aquaculture water added with copper sulfate; the aquaculture water is pond water that has been disinfected and aerated; S2 Transportation: During transportation, the ratio of long-snout catfish to aquaculture water is maintained at 1:4-1:6, and liquid oxygen is used to oxygenate the water, and the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water is maintained at 3-5 mg / L; S3 Post-transportation temporary rearing: transfer the longnose catfish to the post-transportation temporary rearing pond; On the first day after the long-snout catfish entered the pond, oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine were added to the aquaculture water in the temporary holding pond after transportation; the concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine in the aquaculture water in the temporary holding pond after transportation were 3.5-5ppm, 3-5‰, 1-2ppm, and 2-4mg / L, respectively; On the second day after the long-snouted catfish were placed in the pond, half of the water was drained and fresh water was added to the pond. Oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine were added. The concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine in the water of the temporary holding pond after transportation were 3.5-5ppm, 3-5‰, 1-2ppm, and 2-4mg / L, respectively. On the third day after the long-snout catfish were placed in the pond, half of the water was drained and fresh water was added to the pond. Oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and Chinese herbal medicine were added. The concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and Chinese herbal medicine in the water of the temporary holding pond after transportation were 3.5-5ppm, 3-5‰ and 2-4mg / L respectively. On the fifth day after the longnose catfish is placed in the pond, drain one-third of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water; On the seventh day after the longnose catfish is placed in the pond, drain one-third of the water in the pond and add fresh breeding water; The Chinese herbal medicine is obtained by decoction and extraction from Senecio chinensis.

5. A method for transporting a cultured longnose catfish with improved survival rate according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S2, fresh culture water was replaced every 10-12 hours.

6. A method for transporting a cultured longnose catfish with improved survival rate according to claim 5, characterized in that: After S3, the longnose catfish were transferred to the fish pond.

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