Three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing suitable for unilateral axial force
By combining the permanent magnet ring and radial and axial magnetic bearings, a three-degree of freedom biased magnetic bearings are formed, which solves the problem of large power consumption in traditional electromagnetic bearings under a single-side axial load, and achieves stable shaft control with low power consumption and low heat generation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311853791.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-01
AI Technical Summary
The problem of traditional electromagnetic bearings that consume a large power and generate a large heat volume under a single-sided axial load has not been effectively solved in vertical flywheels, fans, pumps and other equipment.
The permanent magnet ring is combined with radial and axial magnetic bearings to form a three-degree of freedom biased magnetic bearing. The permanent magnet flux is used to cooperate with the coil winding to achieve stable control of the rotation shaft in the radial and axial direction, reducing current consumption.
It effectively reduces the current and heat generation of biased magnetic bearing components, and is suitable for scenarios with relatively constant axial loads, reducing power consumption and heat generation.
Smart Images
Figure CN120231828A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of magnetic levitation bearing support systems, and particularly relates to a three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force. Background Art
[0002] The magnetic levitation bearing support system realizes the non-contact support of the rotating shaft by controlling the electromagnetic force, and has the advantages of high rotational speed, no wear, no need for a lubrication system, low power consumption, and self-contained online vibration monitoring function. Among them, the biased magnetic bearing is a new type of active magnetic levitation technology, which has a compact structure, low power consumption, and small volume, and has broad application prospects.
[0003] When there is a unilateral load in the axial direction of the rotating shaft and the unilateral load does not change direction during the complete working cycle, such as equipment like vertical flywheels, fans, and pumps, due to the large unilateral axial load, using traditional electromagnetic bearings has problems of high power consumption and large heat generation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To solve one of the above technical defects, the embodiments of this application provide a three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force.
[0005] The embodiments of this application provide a three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force, including a rotating shaft and a biased magnetic bearing assembly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. The biased magnetic bearing assembly includes, arranged in sequence along the axial direction: a radial magnetic bearing, including an annular radial rotor and radial stators spacedly sleeved on the outer wall of the annular radial rotor. A plurality of salient poles are uniformly arranged along the axial direction on the inner wall of the radial stator, and radial coil windings are arranged on the salient poles; a permanent magnet ring; an axial magnetic bearing, including an axial stator. On the side of the axial stator far from the permanent magnet ring, an annular groove is provided, and an axial coil winding is arranged in the annular groove.
[0006] Preferably, the annular radial rotor is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft; gaps are left between the outer wall of the rotating shaft and the inner wall of the permanent magnet ring and the inner wall of the axial stator.
[0007] More preferably, an air gap is left between the annular radial rotor and the radial stator.
[0008] More preferably, the rotating shaft sequentially passes through the radial magnetic bearing, the permanent magnet ring, and the axial magnetic bearing and is connected with a thrust disk.
[0009] More preferably, the rotating shaft and the thrust disk are integrally formed.
[0010] More preferably, the side of the axial magnetic bearing far from the permanent magnet ring is close to the thrust disk.
[0011] Preferably, the radial stator is a magnetic conductive material formed by laminating silicon steel sheets.
[0012] Preferably, the axial stator is made of a magnetic conductive material.
[0013] Preferably, the number of salient poles on the inner wall of the radial stator is eight.
[0014] In this application, a permanent magnet ring is used to combine the radial magnetic bearing and the axial magnetic bearing to form a three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force. The permanent magnetic flux of the permanent magnet ring is used in conjunction with the radial coil winding to keep the rotating shaft stable in the radial direction. At the same time, a homopolar magnetic pole distribution is formed in the radial direction to reduce the eddy current loss of the radial magnetic bearing; the permanent magnetic flux of the permanent magnet ring is used in conjunction with the axial coil winding to balance the rotating shaft with the unilateral load of the rotating shaft in the axial direction. For example, in a flywheel, the rotating shaft is balanced with the gravity of the rotating shaft in the axial direction; thus, stable control of the rotating shaft in three degrees of freedom is achieved. The use of the permanent magnet ring can effectively reduce the current of the biased magnetic bearing assembly, that is, the currents in both the radial coil winding and the axial coil winding can be effectively reduced, with relatively low overall power consumption and heat generation, solving the problems of large power consumption and large heat generation existing in the prior art when only using a radial electromagnetic bearing or an axial electromagnetic bearing. It is applicable to scenarios where the axial load is relatively constant and there are relatively high requirements for power consumption and bearing heat generation.
[0015] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in the subsequent specification. Moreover, some of them will become obvious from the specification or be understood by implementing this application. The objectives and other advantages of this application can be realized and obtained through the content pointed out in the written specification, claims, and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of this application and constitute a part of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation to this application. In the drawings:
[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force provided by an embodiment of this application;
[0018] Figure 2 is a side view of a three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force provided by an embodiment of this application;
[0019] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the sectional view taken along the line A-A in
[0020] Figure 4 is a schematic magnetic circuit diagram of the first control magnetic flux superimposed on the permanent magnetic flux;
[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit for the second control magnetic flux superimposed on the permanent magnetic flux
[0022] In the figure
[0023] 10 is the rotating shaft, 20 is the radial magnetic bearing, 30 is the permanent magnet ring, 40 is the axial magnetic bearing, 50 is the thrust disk, 201 is the annular radial rotor, 202 is the radial stator, 203 is the radial coil winding, 401 is the axial stator, 402 is the axial coil winding, and 2021 is the salient pole Specific implementation manners
[0024] In order to make the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present application clearer and more understandable, the following further describes the exemplary embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other
[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 Side view of a three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 is Figure 2 Cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figures 1-3 As shown, in view of the above problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force, including a rotating shaft 10 and a biased magnetic bearing assembly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 10. The biased magnetic bearing assembly includes, in sequence along the axial direction: a radial magnetic bearing 20, including an annular radial rotor 201 and a radial stator 202 spacedly sleeved on the outer wall of the annular radial rotor 201. The radial stator 202 is a magnetic conductive material made by laminating silicon steel sheets. A plurality of salient poles 2021 are uniformly arranged along the axial direction on the inner wall of the radial stator 202. The number of the salient poles 2021 can be eight, and radial coil windings 203 are arranged on all the salient poles 2021; a permanent magnet ring 30, made of a permanent magnetic material and magnetized axially; an axial magnetic bearing 40, including an axial stator 401 made of a magnetic conductive material. A circular groove is provided on the side of the axial stator 401 away from the permanent magnet ring, and an axial coil winding 402 is arranged in the circular groove
[0026] In the present application, the radial stator is made by laminating silicon steel sheets, which can reduce the eddy current loss of the current. The radial stator is magnetized by passing an electric current through the radial coil winding, and the axial stator is magnetized by passing an electric current through the axial coil winding
[0027] In this application, a permanent magnet ring is used to combine a radial magnetic bearing and an axial magnetic bearing to form a three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force. The permanent magnetic flux of the permanent magnet ring is used in conjunction with the radial coil winding to keep the rotating shaft stable in the radial direction. At the same time, a homopolar magnetic pole distribution is formed in the radial direction to reduce the eddy current loss of the radial magnetic bearing. The permanent magnetic flux of the permanent magnet ring is used in conjunction with the axial coil winding to balance the rotating shaft with the unilateral load of the rotating shaft in the axial direction. For example, in a flywheel, the rotating shaft is balanced with the gravity of the rotating shaft in the axial direction. Thus, stable control of the rotating shaft in three degrees of freedom is achieved. The use of the permanent magnet ring can effectively reduce the current of the biased magnetic bearing assembly, that is, the currents in both the radial coil winding and the axial coil winding can be effectively reduced, with relatively low overall power consumption and heat generation, solving the problems of high power consumption and large heat generation existing in the prior art when only radial electromagnetic bearings or axial electromagnetic bearings are used. It is applicable to usage scenarios where the axial load is relatively constant and there are relatively high requirements for power consumption and bearing heat generation.
[0028] Further, the annular radial rotor 201 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 10; gaps are left between the outer wall of the rotating shaft 10 and the inner walls of the permanent magnet ring 30 and the axial stator 401. Specifically, the rotating shaft 10 has a cylindrical structure. The diameter of the part of the rotating shaft 10 close to the annular radial rotor 201 is smaller, and the diameter of the part of the rotating shaft 10 close to the permanent magnet ring 30 and the axial stator 401 is larger.
[0029] Furthermore, an air gap is left between the annular radial rotor 201 and the radial stator 202. In this application, the permanent magnetic flux of the permanent magnet ring can adjust the air gap between the annular radial rotor and the radial stator to make the air gaps between the annular radial rotor and the radial stator the same.
[0030] Furthermore, the rotating shaft 10 sequentially passes through the radial magnetic bearing 20, the permanent magnet ring 30, and the axial magnetic bearing 40 and is connected to a thrust disk 50. Furthermore, the rotating shaft 10 and the thrust disk 50 are integrally formed. Furthermore, the side of the axial magnetic bearing 40 far from the permanent magnet ring 30 is close to the thrust disk 50. Specifically, the thrust disk 50 can be structures such as a flywheel equipment wheel body, a rotor shoulder, etc.
[0031] Working principle:
[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit for the first control magnetic flux superimposed on the permanent magnetic flux. As Figure 4 shown, the permanent magnet ring 30 is axially magnetized, and a closed permanent magnetic circuit is formed through the axial stator 401 of the axial magnetic bearing 40, the thrust disk 50, the rotating shaft 10, and the radial magnetic bearing 20. For the axial magnetic bearing 40, a current is passed through the axial coil winding 402 to form a first control magnetic flux. The first control magnetic flux superimposed on the permanent magnetic flux makes the magnetic poles generate magnetic forces to balance the axial load force. Figure 4Among them, a is the permanent magnetic flux of the permanent magnetic ring, and b is the first control flux of the axial magnetic bearing.
[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit where the second control flux is superimposed on the permanent magnetic flux. As Figure 5 shown, for the radial magnetic bearing 20, the bias flux generated by the permanent magnetic ring 30 is the same in each air gap of the radial magnetic bearing. The permanent magnetic ring 30 controls the radial flux to be zero, and the resultant force on the rotating shaft 10 is zero, and the rotating shaft remains in the standard position. When the radial rotor 201 undergoes a radial displacement, taking Figure 5 the downward movement of the radial rotor 201 in [Figure] as an example, the lower air gap decreases, and the upper air gap increases. A current is passed through the radial coil winding 203 to form a second control flux. The permanent magnetic flux in the upper air gap is superimposed and strengthened with the second control flux, and the permanent magnetic flux in the lower air gap is superimposed and weakened with the second control flux, generating an upward resultant force on the radial rotor 201, so that the rotating shaft 10 moves upward back to the standard position. Figure 5 Among them, a is the permanent magnetic flux of the permanent magnetic ring, and c is the second control flux of the radial magnetic bearing.
[0034] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "axial", "radial", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
[0035] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0036] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0037] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments by those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.
[0038] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A three-degree-of-freedom biased magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force, characterized in that, It includes a rotating shaft (10) and a bias magnetic bearing assembly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (10). The bias magnetic bearing assembly includes, arranged axially in sequence: A radial magnetic bearing (20), including an annular radial rotor (201) and a radial stator (202) sleeved at intervals on the outer wall of the annular radial rotor (201). A plurality of salient poles (2021) are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the radial stator (202) along the axial direction, and radial coil windings (203) are arranged on each of the salient poles (2021); A permanent magnet ring (30); An axial magnetic bearing (40), including an axial stator (401). An annular groove is provided on one side of the axial stator (401) away from the permanent magnet ring, and an axial coil winding (402) is arranged in the annular groove.
2. The three-degree-of-freedom offset magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force according to claim 1, wherein The annular radial rotor (201) is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (10); A gap is left between the outer wall of the rotating shaft (10) and the inner walls of the permanent magnet ring (30) and the axial stator (401).
3. The three-degree-of-freedom offset magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A gap is left between the annular radial rotor (201) and the radial stator (202).
4. The three-degree-of-freedom offset magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (10) sequentially penetrates through the radial magnetic bearing (20), the permanent magnet ring (30), and the axial magnetic bearing (40) and is connected to a thrust disc (50).
5. The three-degree-of-freedom offset magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force according to claim 4, wherein The rotating shaft (10) and the thrust disc (50) are integrally formed.
6. The three-degree-of-freedom offset magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that One side of the axial magnetic bearing (40) away from the permanent magnet ring (30) is close to the thrust disc (50).
7. The three-degree-of-freedom offset magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force according to claim 1, characterized in that The radial stator (202) is a magnetic conductive material made by laminating silicon steel sheets.
8. The three-degree-of-freedom offset magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force according to claim 1, wherein The axial stator (401) is made of a magnetic conductive material.
9. The three-degree-of-freedom offset magnetic bearing applicable to unilateral axial force according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of salient poles (2021) on the inner wall of the radial stator (202) is eight.