Pre-stack continuous sheet energy adjustment method, device and equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a pre-stack continuous energy adjustment method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of seismic data processing. The method comprises the following steps: forming a first data volume before energy adjustment based on seismic data migration of a plurality of work areas; performing gain adjustment on the first data volume to obtain a second data volume; sampling points are extracted from the first data body to obtain a first sample, and sampling points are extracted from the second data body to obtain a second sample; extracting envelopes of the first sample and the second sample; for each seismic trace, taking the ratio of the corresponding numerical values of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of the seismic trace as an initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace, and forming an initial energy adjustment coefficient body by the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces; and sequentially smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in time and space directions to form a target energy adjustment coefficient body. According to the method, space direction energy unification is realized, and time direction energy characteristics are maintained while construction illusion of the splicing and overlapping area is eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas seismic exploration, and in particular relates to a pre-stack joint energy adjustment method, device, equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Regional overall seismic comprehensive interpretation, stratigraphic lithology comparison and other work require large-area seismic observation data, and seismic large-section splicing processing and comprehensive interpretation require a survey line network that runs through the entire region. Post-stack splicing can quickly and effectively form a regional survey network, but the survey network formed by this method is difficult to reasonably transition at the intersection of different survey lines. It can only eliminate the closure error in structure to meet the interpretation requirements of the structural model, but it cannot turn the data of different work areas into a whole that can truly reflect the underground structure, and thus it is impossible to perform the next step of detailed interpretation. Based on this, pre-stack concatenation processing is required for key structural areas, which specifically means: in the pre-stack gathers of seismic data, the seismic data of each work area are uniformly processed, including observation system definition, noise suppression processing, wavelet consistency processing and energy consistency processing. Through pre-stack concatenation, the pre-stack data of different work areas can be unified into a whole for processing, so as to form a complete data body that can truly reflect the underground structure.

[0003] The difference in energy in different regions will cause the energy of the offset gathers on both sides of the overlap position to be unable to be completely offset, resulting in serious offset noise and forming a structural illusion, which is not conducive to the interpretation of the location. Offset noise refers to the noise that cannot be completely offset by the offset arc due to differences in gather energy and velocity, among which the different gather energies will affect the generation of offset arc energy to the greatest extent. At the same time, in order to achieve energy uniformity during the pre-stack joint processing, a unified energy balance treatment is usually performed on the entire area. At present, the above-mentioned energy balance treatment can eliminate the energy difference in the spatial direction of the spliced ​​survey network, unify the energy of the entire area, eliminate offset noise, and facilitate the interpretation of the underground structure and the depiction of the trap outline. However, this method will completely change the energy characteristics in the time direction, destroy the expression of the geological significance of energy in the time direction, and is not conducive to the interpretation of the further description of lithology changes, oil and gas content and other properties by the interpreters.

[0004] Therefore, how to unify the energy distribution in the spatial direction while maintaining the energy characteristics in the temporal direction is one of the difficulties that needs to be overcome urgently in the pre-stack concatenation processing technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a pre-stack joint energy adjustment method, device, equipment and storage medium to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the pre-stack joint energy adjustment scheme based on energy balance cannot retain the energy characteristics in the time direction when achieving energy unification in the entire area.

[0006] To achieve the above object, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a pre-stack splicing energy adjustment method, and the method includes:

[0007] Unify the grids of seismic data from multiple work areas and then perform migration processing to obtain a first data volume in an initial energy state;

[0008] Perform time-window gain adjustment on the first data volume to obtain a second data volume after gain adjustment;

[0009] Extract the samples of each seismic trace in the profile of the first data volume respectively. All the samples of each seismic trace form the first sample corresponding to this seismic trace, and extract the samples of each seismic trace in the profile of the second data volume respectively. All the samples of each seismic trace form the second sample corresponding to this seismic trace;

[0010] Extract a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface. The first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample, and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample;

[0011] For each seismic trace, divide the values of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of this seismic trace correspondingly, and the result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of this seismic trace. The initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form an initial energy adjustment coefficient volume;

[0012] Perform smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain a target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

[0013] Optionally, the extraction of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is specifically:

[0014] Perform Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of this seismic trace;

[0015] Perform Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of this seismic trace.

[0016] Optionally, in the smoothing processing of the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence, the smoothing processing in the time direction is specifically:

[0017] Use the first formula to perform smoothing processing in the time direction at each sample position of a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, and obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient at each sample position of this seismic trace in one-to-one correspondence;

[0018] The first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form a first energy adjustment coefficient volume;

[0019] Wherein, the first formula is: is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace, s is the preset smoothing scale in the time direction, and f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace.

[0020] Optionally, in the smoothing process of the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction and the space direction in sequence, after obtaining the first energy adjustment coefficient body by smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction, the smoothing process in the space direction is specifically:

[0021] Using the second formula to perform spatial direction smoothing processing on each seismic trace at a single sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, and obtaining the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at this sample point position in one-to-one correspondence;

[0022] The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample point positions;

[0023] Among them, the second formula is: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the N-th seismic trace at the x-th sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the N-th seismic trace at the x-th sample point position, and s' is the preset smoothing scale in the space direction.

[0024] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0025] Performing NMO correction on the pre-stack CMP gather of all work areas, and applying the target energy adjustment coefficient body to the pre-stack CMP gather after NMO correction to complete energy adjustment. The CMP gather after energy adjustment is used for subsequent inverse NMO correction, and the pre-stack migration gather data body can be obtained through inverse NMO correction. This data body will be used as the original data body for pre-stack migration processing.

[0026] The second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a pre-stack continuous energy adjustment device, and the device includes:

[0027] The first data body generation module is used to perform migration processing after unifying the grids of seismic data in multiple work areas to obtain the first data body in the initial energy state;

[0028] The second data body generation module is used to perform time-window gain adjustment on the first data body to obtain the second data body after gain adjustment;

[0029] The sample extraction module is used to extract the sample points of each seismic trace in the profile of the first data body respectively. All the sample points of each seismic trace form the first sample corresponding to this seismic trace, and to extract the sample points of each seismic trace in the profile of the second data body respectively. All the sample points of each seismic trace form the second sample corresponding to this seismic trace;

[0030] An envelope extraction module for extracting a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface, where the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample;

[0031] An initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module for, for each seismic trace, dividing the values of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of the seismic trace corresponding to each other, and using the result of the division as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace, and forming an initial energy adjustment coefficient body from the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces;

[0032] A smoothing processing module for successively performing smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction and the spatial direction to obtain a target energy adjustment coefficient body.

[0033] Optionally, the specific process of the envelope extraction module for extracting the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is as follows:

[0034] Performing a Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of the seismic trace;

[0035] Performing a Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of the seismic trace.

[0036] Optionally, the specific process of the smoothing processing module for performing smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction is as follows:

[0037] Performing smoothing processing in the time direction on each sample point position at a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient body, and obtaining the first energy adjustment coefficient at each sample point position at the seismic trace one by one;

[0038] Forming a first energy adjustment coefficient body from the first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces;

[0039] Wherein, the first formula is: is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position at the N-th seismic trace, s is a preset time direction smoothing scale, f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position at the N-th seismic trace.

[0040] Optionally, when the smoothing processing module successively performs smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction and the spatial direction, after performing smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient body, the specific process of the spatial direction smoothing processing is as follows:

[0041] The first energy adjustment coefficient body is used to perform spatial direction smoothing processing on each seismic trace at the position of a single sample point, and the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at the position of this sample point is obtained one by one;

[0042] The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample point positions;

[0043] Among them, the second formula is: And is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, Is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position, and s' is a preset spatial direction smoothing scale.

[0044] Optionally, the device further includes an energy adjustment module, and the energy adjustment module is used to perform NMO correction on the pre-stack CMP gather of all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient body to the pre-stack CMP gather after NMO correction to complete energy adjustment. The CMP gather after energy adjustment is used for subsequent de-NMO correction, and the pre-stack migration gather data body can be obtained through de-NMO correction. This data body will be used as the original data body for pre-stack migration processing.

[0045] A third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements a pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment method as described in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0046] A fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements a pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment method as described in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] The above technical solution determines the target energy adjustment coefficient body for pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment based on the technical route of spatial smoothing envelope. Compared with the prior art, by adjusting the energy difference of seismic data in different work areas through the determined target energy adjustment coefficient body, the energy consistency in the spatial direction is achieved, and at the same time, the structural artifacts generated by migration noise at the overlapping positions of different work areas during pre-stack contiguous processing are eliminated. It can be seen that the energy adjustment method implemented by the present invention improves the overall interpretability of the structure. At the same time, the original energy characteristics in the time direction are maintained after energy adjustment, and the interpretability of attributes such as lithology change and hydrocarbon-bearing property is also ensured.

[0048] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation part. Description of the Drawings

[0049] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following detailed description, they are used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not limit the embodiments of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of a pre-stack continuous energy adjustment method implemented in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 It is another schematic flowchart of a pre-stack continuous energy adjustment method implemented in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an original stacked section;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a unified amplitude energy level;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the normalized superposition display of original section samples and gain section samples;

[0055] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of an envelope surface of a first sample corresponding to a first seismic trace;

[0056] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of an envelope surface of a second sample corresponding to a first seismic trace;

[0057] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a result after performing time-direction smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient of a first seismic trace;

[0058] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of a target energy adjustment coefficient volume;

[0059] Figure 10 It is a result diagram of performing pre-stack migration using the target energy adjustment coefficient volume (used to characterize the effective suppression of migration noise at the coincidence position);

[0060] Figure 11 It is another result diagram of performing pre-stack migration using the target energy adjustment coefficient volume (used to characterize the normalized autocorrelation degree of the energy characteristics in the time direction before and after energy adjustment);

[0061] Figure 12 It is a block diagram of a composition of a pre-stack continuous energy adjustment device implemented in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Description

[0062] The following will describe in detail the specific implementation manners of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation manners described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] Method Embodiment

[0064] The present invention provides a pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment method for energy adjustment during pre-stack contiguous processing of multiple target work areas. As shown in combination with Figure 1 the specific implementation steps of the pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment method are as follows:

[0065] S100. After unifying the grids of the seismic data of multiple work areas, perform migration processing to obtain a first data volume in the initial energy state. The migration refers to the process of deflecting the data on the record back to its original real spatial position during seismic data processing. The first data volume is the migrated data volume before energy adjustment. Denote the first data volume as SECTION1-RAW. At this time, there is migration noise in the seismic record, and the energy in the spatial direction is also inconsistent.

[0066] It should be understood that in S100, it is first necessary to determine which algorithm module is used to implement unified grid and migration processing. However, which algorithm module is used to implement unified grid and migration processing is not the inventive point in the embodiments of the present invention. That is, for the seismic data of multiple different work areas, any technical means capable of implementing migration in the ordinary embodiments can be used to perform unified grid and migration processing. The embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit this part of the content. For example, in one embodiment, use seismic data processing software to define the observation system of the seismic data of different work areas uniformly, and obtain the first data volume after unified grid and migration processing after unified grid. The seismic profile corresponding to the first data volume can be called the original stacked profile.

[0067] S200. Perform time-window gain adjustment on the first data volume SECTION1-RAW to obtain a second data volume after gain adjustment. The second data volume is the data volume obtained by performing gain adjustment on the first data volume SECTION1-RAW based on the traditional automatic gain control method. Denote the second data volume as SECTION1-AMP. At this time, the energy non-uniformity in the spatial direction of the seismic data of different work areas is eliminated after stacking in the seismic record.

[0068] It should be understood that in S200, it is first necessary to determine which gain adjustment method to adopt. However, which gain adjustment method is used is not the inventive point in the embodiments of the present invention. That is, the gain adjustment method can adopt any technical means that can achieve gain adjustment in ordinary embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention do not make specific limitations on this part of the content. For example, in one embodiment, the automatic gain control module in the seismic data processing software is used to perform time-window gain adjustment on the first data volume SECTION1-RAW to eliminate the non-uniformity of the amplitude in the spatial direction. The seismic profile corresponding to the second data volume can be called the gain superposition profile.

[0069] S300. Sample points of each seismic trace in the SECTION1-RAW profile of the first data volume are extracted respectively. All the sample points of each seismic trace form the first sample corresponding to this seismic trace. And sample points of each seismic trace in the SECTION1-AMP profile of the second data volume are extracted respectively. All the sample points of each seismic trace form the second sample corresponding to this seismic trace. Denote the first sample corresponding to the Nth seismic trace as CMP N R and denote the second sample corresponding to the Nth seismic trace as CMP N A , where the minimum value of N is 1 and the maximum value is the maximum number of traces in the seismic profile.

[0070] S400. Extract the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface. The first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample, and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample.

[0071] Exemplarily, in one embodiment, the envelope is extracted based on the Hilbert transform method. Therefore, a specific implementation process of S400 is as follows:

[0072] S401. Perform Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of this seismic trace. The above Hilbert transform process can be expressed as En R N (x) = |H[CMP R N (x)]|, where H[] represents the Hilbert transform function, CMP R N (x) represents the xth sample point in the first sample corresponding to the Nth seismic trace, and En R N (x) represents the envelope surface obtained after the Hilbert transform of CMP R N (x).

[0073] S402. Perform Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of this seismic trace. The above Hilbert transform process can be expressed as EnA N (x) = |H[CMP A N (x)]|, where CMP A N (x) represents the x-th sample point in the second sample corresponding to the N-th seismic trace, En A N (x) represents CMP A N (x) is the envelope surface obtained after the Hilbert transform of CMP

[0074] S500. For each seismic trace, divide the values of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of this seismic trace corresponding to each other, and the result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of this seismic trace, and the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form the initial energy adjustment coefficient body. Among them, it can be combined with Figure 6 and Figure 7 to understand the above corresponding division. Specifically, it means: divide the ordinate of the point with abscissa t0 in Figure 6 (the value of the first envelope surface at this point) by the ordinate of the point with abscissa t0 in Figure 7 (the value of the second envelope surface at this point), that is, the ratio of the above two ordinates is the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the corresponding seismic trace at the t0 point. The initial energy adjustment coefficient obtained at this time is an intermediate quantity.

[0075] S600. Smooth the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient body, so as to facilitate the pre-stack continuous energy adjustment.

[0076] Exemplarily, in one embodiment:

[0077] S600. Smooth the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient body, so as to facilitate the pre-stack continuous energy adjustment;

[0078] Among them, a specific process of the smoothing process in the time direction is:

[0079] Use the first formula to perform the time direction smoothing process of each sample point position at a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient body, and obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient of each sample point position at this seismic trace in one-to-one correspondence;

[0080] The first energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all sample point positions of all seismic traces;

[0081] Among them, the first formula is: is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace, s is the preset smoothing scale in the time direction, and f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace.

[0082] It is known that the preset smoothing scale in the time direction can be differentially valued according to different seismic data in the target work area.

[0083] Exemplarily, in one embodiment:

[0084] S600. Smooth the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and then in the spatial direction in sequence to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume for pre-stack continuous energy adjustment;

[0085] Among them, after smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the specific process of spatial direction smoothing is as follows:

[0086] Use the second formula to perform spatial direction smoothing on each seismic trace at the single sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, and obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at this sample point position in one-to-one correspondence;

[0087] The target energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces at all sample point positions;

[0088] Among them, the second formula is: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the N-th seismic trace at the x-th sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the N-th seismic trace at the x-th sample point position, and s' is the preset smoothing scale in the spatial direction.

[0089] It is known that the preset smoothing scale in the spatial direction can be differentially valued according to different seismic data in the target work area.

[0090] Exemplarily, in one embodiment, a preferred implementation process of S600 is:

[0091] S601. Use the first formula to perform time direction smoothing on each sample point position in a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, and obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient of each sample point position in this seismic trace in one-to-one correspondence, and the first energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all sample point positions of all seismic traces;

[0092] S602. Use the second formula to perform spatial direction smoothing processing on each seismic trace at the position of a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, and obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at the position of this sample point in one-to-one correspondence. The target energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces at all sample point positions;

[0093] Among them, the first formula is: is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace, s is the preset time direction smoothing scale, f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace;

[0094] The second formula is: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the N-th seismic trace at the x-th sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the N-th seismic trace at the x-th sample point position, and s' is the preset spatial direction smoothing scale.

[0095] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2 , the pre-stack continuous energy adjustment method proposed by the present invention further includes the following implementation steps:

[0096] S700. Perform dynamic correction on the pre-stack CMP gather of all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the pre-stack CMP gather after dynamic correction to complete energy adjustment. The CMP gather after energy adjustment is used for subsequent inverse dynamic correction. Through inverse dynamic correction, a pre-stack migration gather data volume can be obtained, and this data volume will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing. Among them, dynamic correction refers to the time correction used to eliminate the normal moveout of seismic waves arriving at different geophones. Inverse dynamic correction is the inverse process of dynamic correction.

[0097] It should be understood that in S700, it is first necessary to determine what kind of normal moveout (NMO) and reverse normal moveout (RNMO) methods to adopt, and determine how to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the prestack CMP gather after NMO, so as to complete the energy adjustment. However, what kind of NMO and RNMO methods to adopt, and how to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the prestack CMP gather after NMO are not the inventive points in the embodiments of the present invention. That is, the NMO method can adopt any technical means that can achieve NMO in ordinary embodiments, the RNMO method can adopt any technical means that can achieve RNMO in ordinary embodiments, and the method of applying the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to complete energy adjustment can adopt any technical means that can achieve the application of the energy adjustment coefficient in ordinary embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention do not make specific limitations on this part of the content. For example, in one embodiment, the prestack CMP gather is subjected to NMO using the NMO module in seismic data processing software, and the prestack CMP gather after NMO is subjected to energy adjustment using the energy adjustment module in seismic data processing software.

[0098] Exemplarily, in one embodiment:

[0099] S700. Perform NMO on the prestack CMP gathers of all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the prestack CMP gathers after NMO to complete the energy adjustment. The CMP gathers after energy adjustment are used for subsequent RNMO. Through RNMO, a prestack migration gather data volume can be obtained, and this data volume will be used as the original data volume for prestack migration processing;

[0100] Among them, applying the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the prestack CMP gathers after NMO to complete the energy adjustment, the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0101] SS1. Apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the original stacked section to obtain an energy-adjusted stacked section;

[0102] SS2. Use the energy-adjusted stacked section as the model trace to perform energy adjustment on the prestack CMP gathers after NMO.

[0103] Among them, the "Adjust data volume energy according to coefficients" option in the energy balance module of seismic data processing software can be used to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the original stacked section to obtain a stacked section that eliminates the non-uniformity of energy in the spatial direction and maintains the original relative amplitude attributes in the time direction, as the model trace for subsequent energy adjustment.

[0104] In the present invention, the envelope surface of the first sample extracted from the original stacked section is extracted by using, for example, the Hilbert transform method, and the envelope surface of the second sample extracted from the gain stacked section is extracted by using, for example, the Hilbert transform method. The ratio of the two envelope surfaces is determined as the initial energy adjustment coefficient. Then, based on the technical concept of envelope smoothing, the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed in the time direction and the space direction successively to obtain the final target energy adjustment coefficient volume. The obtained target energy adjustment coefficient volume is applied to the energy processing of pre-stack continuous profiling. For example, step S700 is executed. While eliminating the energy difference in the space direction and maintaining the energy consistency in the space direction, the migration noise in the overlapping part of different work areas is suppressed, thereby improving the interpretability of the structure, eliminating the structural artifacts, and avoiding the misinterpretation of the overlapping part of different work areas by interpreters. And the original energy trend in the time direction is well maintained before and after the energy adjustment, ensuring the interpretability of attributes such as lithology change and hydrocarbon-bearing property, and providing strong technical support for the pre-stack continuous profiling of key areas.

[0105] Taking the continuous profiling of work areas S1 and S2 in the Tarim Basin as an example, the following content details a specific application process of the foregoing method:

[0106] 1) In the GEOEAST software, the data of work areas S1 and S2 are defined with a unified acquisition geometry. After conventional processing, the original stacked section is obtained. The original stacked section is as Figure 3 shown;

[0107] 2) Through the automatic gain control module of the GEOEAST software, the gain adjustment is performed on the original stacked section obtained in 1) to obtain the gain stacked section, thereby eliminating the non-uniformity of the amplitude in the space direction. The result after the gain adjustment is as Figure 4 shown;

[0108] 3) All the samples of the first trace in the original stacked section are extracted to form the first sample corresponding to this seismic trace, and all the samples of the first trace in the gain stacked section are extracted to form the second sample corresponding to this seismic trace;

[0109] 4) Based on the Hilbert transform, the envelope surfaces of the first sample and the second sample obtained in 3) are extracted, and the two envelope surfaces are divided corresponding to each other to obtain the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the first trace;

[0110] 5) For all the remaining seismic traces, steps 3) and 4) are repeatedly executed to obtain the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all the seismic traces, and the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of all the initial energy adjustment coefficients. Among them, Figure 5 shows the result diagram of the normalized superposition display of the first sample and the second sample, Figure 6shows the first envelope surface corresponding to the first sample of the first seismic trace, Figure 7 shows the second envelope surface corresponding to the second sample of the first seismic trace;

[0111] 6) Select an appropriate smoothing scale in the time direction and perform smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction. For example, set the smoothing window length in the time direction to 100 ms. The smoothing result of the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the first seismic trace in the time direction is as Figure 8 shown;

[0112] 7) Select an appropriate smoothing scale in the spatial direction and perform smoothing processing on the first energy adjustment coefficient volume obtained after the time direction smoothing processing to obtain the final target energy adjustment coefficient volume. For example, set the smoothing window length in the spatial direction to 100 m, which is five traces in the seismic data. The target energy adjustment coefficient volume is as Figure 9 shown;

[0113] 8) Use the option of "Adjust the energy of the data volume according to the coefficient" in the energy balance module in GEOEAST software to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the original stacked section, and obtain a stacked section that eliminates the spatial direction energy non-uniformity and maintains the original relative amplitude attribute in the time direction, as the model trace for energy adjustment;

[0114] 9) Use the NMO module in GEOEAST software to perform NMO correction on the prestack CMP gather in Area S1 and Area S2. Use the stacked section after energy adjustment obtained in 8) as the model trace, and use the energy adjustment module in GEOEAST software to perform energy adjustment on the prestack CMP gather after NMO correction;

[0115] 10) Use the NMO module in GEOEAST software to perform reverse NMO correction on the CMP gather after energy adjustment obtained in 9) to obtain a prestack migration gather data volume, and use this data volume for migration processing. The prestack migration results are as Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown.

[0116] As can be seen from Figure 10 it, the final migration result effectively suppresses the migration noise in the splicing area. And in the stacked section after migration, the dynamic amplitude attribute value drops from 38 dB before energy adjustment to 12 dB, and the energy level reaches unity in the spatial direction, indicating that the energy non-uniformity is eliminated in the spatial direction. In addition, as can be seen from Figure 11 it, after energy adjustment, the normalized autocorrelation value of the amplitude in the time direction and the original amplitude remains above 0.9, indicating that the relative amplitude energy retention characteristic is possessed in the time direction. Finally, compare Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 10 andFigure 11 , which verifies the effectiveness of the present invention in suppressing the offset noise at the overlapping position, unifying the energy distribution in the spatial direction while ensuring the energy characteristics in the time direction.

[0117] Device Embodiment

[0118] Refer to Figure 12 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a pre-stack continuous energy adjustment device, which includes a first data body generation module, a second data body generation module, a sample extraction module, an envelope extraction module, an initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module, and a smoothing processing module connected in sequence.

[0119] The first data body generation module is used to perform migration processing on the seismic data of multiple work areas after unifying the grids to obtain a first data body in an initial energy state.

[0120] The second data body generation module is used to perform time-window gain adjustment on the first data body to obtain a second data body after gain adjustment.

[0121] The sample extraction module is used to extract the sample points of each seismic trace in the profile of the first data body respectively. All the sample points of each seismic trace form the first sample corresponding to the seismic trace, and to extract the sample points of each seismic trace in the profile of the second data body respectively. All the sample points of each seismic trace form the second sample corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0122] The envelope extraction module is used to extract a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface. The first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample, and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample.

[0123] The initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module is used to divide the values of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of each seismic trace correspondingly for each seismic trace, and the result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace. The initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form an initial energy adjustment coefficient body.

[0124] The smoothing processing module is used to perform smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction and the spatial direction in sequence to obtain a target energy adjustment coefficient body.

[0125] Optionally, the specific process of the envelope extraction module for extracting the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is as follows:

[0126] Perform Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of the seismic trace;

[0127] Perform Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of the seismic trace.

[0128] Optionally, the specific process of the smoothing process module for smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction is as follows:

[0129] Use the first formula to perform smoothing in the time direction for each sample point position in a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient body, and obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient for each sample point position at this seismic trace in one-to-one correspondence;

[0130] The first energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all sample point positions of all seismic traces;

[0131] Among them, the first formula is: is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position in the N-th seismic trace, s is the preset smoothing scale in the time direction, and f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position in the N-th seismic trace.

[0132] Optionally, when the smoothing process module sequentially performs smoothing in the time direction and the space direction on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body, when performing smoothing in the time direction on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient body, the specific process of the smoothing process in the space direction is as follows:

[0133] Use the second formula to perform smoothing in the space direction for each seismic trace at a single sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, and obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient for each seismic trace at this sample point position in one-to-one correspondence;

[0134] The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces at all sample point positions;

[0135] Among them, the second formula is: and is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the N-th seismic trace at the x-th sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the N-th seismic trace at the x-th sample point position, and s' is the preset smoothing scale in the space direction.

[0136] Optionally, the pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment device further includes an energy adjustment module. The energy adjustment module is used to perform NMO correction on the pre-stack CMP gather of all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient body to the pre-stack CMP gather after NMO correction to complete energy adjustment. The CMP gather after energy adjustment is used for subsequent de-NMO correction, and the pre-stack migration gather data body can be obtained through de-NMO correction. This data body will be used as the original data body for pre-stack migration processing.

[0137] It is known that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative work.

[0138] In another aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the aforementioned computer program, it implements the pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment method described in the method embodiment.

[0139] The memory may include non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM), and / or non-volatile memory in the form of, for example, read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. The memory includes at least one storage chip.

[0140] In addition, when the computer program in the above-mentioned memory is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or this part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of each method embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks, or optical discs, etc., which can store program codes.

[0141] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment method described in the method embodiment.

[0142] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. The computer program can be stored on a machine-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment method described in the method embodiment of the present invention.

[0143] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on such an understanding, the essence of the above technical solution, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-stack continuous slice energy adjustment method, characterized in that, The method includes: Unifying the grids of seismic data from multiple work areas and then performing migration processing to obtain a first data volume in an initial energy state; Performing time-window gain adjustment on the first data volume to obtain a second data volume after gain adjustment; Respectively extracting the samples of each seismic trace in the profile of the first data volume, and all the samples of each seismic trace form the first sample corresponding to that seismic trace, and respectively extracting the samples of each seismic trace in the profile of the second data volume, and all the samples of each seismic trace form the second sample corresponding to that seismic trace; Extracting a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface, where the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample, and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample; For each seismic trace, dividing the values of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of that seismic trace correspondingly, and the result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of that seismic trace, and the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form an initial energy adjustment coefficient volume; Performing smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain a target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

2. The prestack continuous energy adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein The extraction of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is specifically: Performing Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of that seismic trace; Performing Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of that seismic trace.

3. The prestack continuous slice energy adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein In the smoothing processing of the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence, the smoothing processing in the time direction is specifically: Using the first formula to perform smoothing processing in the time direction at each sample position of a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, and correspondingly obtaining the first energy adjustment coefficient at each sample position of that seismic trace; The first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces form a first energy adjustment coefficient volume; Among them, the first formula is as follows: is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace, s is the preset smoothing scale in the time direction, and f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace.

4. A pre-stack continuous patch energy adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the smoothing processing of the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction and the space direction in sequence, after performing the smoothing processing in the time direction on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the smoothing processing in the space direction is specifically: Using the second formula to perform smoothing processing in the space direction at each seismic trace of a single sample position in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, and correspondingly obtaining the target energy adjustment coefficient at each seismic trace of that sample position; The target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample positions form a target energy adjustment coefficient volume; Among them, the second formula is as follows: and it is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position, and s' is the preset spatial direction smoothing scale.

5. A pre-stack continuous energy adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Performing NMO correction on the pre-stack CMP gather of all work areas, and applying the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the pre-stack CMP gather after NMO correction to complete energy adjustment. The CMP gather after energy adjustment is used for subsequent inverse NMO correction, and through inverse NMO correction, a pre-stack migration gather data volume can be obtained, and this data volume will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing.

6. A pre-stack continuous energy adjustment device, characterized in that, The device includes: A first data volume generation module, configured to unify the grids of seismic data from multiple work areas and then perform migration processing to obtain a first data volume in an initial energy state; A second data volume generation module, configured to perform time-window gain adjustment on the first data volume to obtain a second data volume after gain adjustment; A sample extraction module, configured to extract sample points of each seismic trace in the first data volume profile respectively. All the sample points of each seismic trace form the first sample corresponding to this seismic trace, and extract sample points of each seismic trace in the second data volume profile respectively. All the sample points of each seismic trace form the second sample corresponding to this seismic trace; An envelope extraction module, configured to extract a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface. The first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample, and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample; An initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module, configured to, for each seismic trace, divide the values of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of this seismic trace correspondingly. The result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of this seismic trace, and the initial energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces; A smoothing processing module, configured to perform smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction and the space direction in sequence to obtain a target energy adjustment coefficient body.

7. The pre-stack contiguous area energy adjustment device according to claim 6, wherein The specific process for the envelope extraction module to extract the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is as follows: Perform Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of this seismic trace; Perform Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of this seismic trace.

8. The pre-stack contiguous zone energy adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that The specific process for the smoothing processing module to perform smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction is as follows: Use the first formula to perform smoothing processing in the time direction at each sample point position of a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient body, and correspondingly obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient at each sample point position of this seismic trace; The first energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces; Among them, the first formula is as follows: is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace, s is the preset smoothing scale in the time direction, and f N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point position of the N-th seismic trace.

9. The pre-stack contiguous area energy adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the smoothing processing module performs smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction and the space direction in sequence, after performing smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient body, the specific process for the space direction smoothing processing is as follows: Use the second formula to perform smoothing processing in the space direction on each seismic trace at a single sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, and correspondingly obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at this sample point position; The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample point positions; Among them, the second formula is as follows: and it is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient body, is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position, and s' is the preset spatial direction smoothing scale.

10. The pre-stack contiguous area energy adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes an energy adjustment module. The energy adjustment module is configured to perform NMO correction on the pre-stack CMP gather of all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient body to the pre-stack CMP gather after NMO correction to complete energy adjustment. The CMP gather after energy adjustment is used for subsequent inverse NMO correction. Through inverse NMO correction, a pre-stack migration gather data volume can be obtained, and this data volume will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing.

11. An apparatus, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein, When the processor executes the program, it implements a pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

12. A storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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