Sand box simulation method and device for analyzing interlayer strike-slip fracture development process

Abstract

The invention relates to a sand box simulation method and device for analyzing an interlayer strike-slip fracture development process, and the simulation method comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining the basic feature information of a target fracture by means of an image analysis algorithm for the target fracture of an oil exploration area; s2, predicting strike-slip fracture development process information by adopting a deep learning model based on the basic feature information; s3, performing experimental simulation according to the simulation strategy and the basic feature information of the fracture in a sand box simulation mode to obtain a simulated fracture structure; s4, applying an acting force to the simulated fracture structure by using the predicted strike-slip fracture development process information, and determining feature information of inter-layer slip of the simulated fracture structure; and S5, predicting a target fracture development process and a distribution rule of the oil exploration area according to the characteristic information of inter-layer sliding in the simulation structure. Distribution characteristics and stress extension change characteristics of fractures in a stratum are quantitatively simulated by means of a sand box in a laboratory, and a direction is provided for oil exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy exploration, and particularly to a sandbox simulation method and device for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults. Background Art

[0002] Strike-slip faults can not only serve as migration channels for oil and gas, but also play roles in "reservoir control" and "richness control". Exploration results in recent years have shown that the formation of deep marine carbonate oil and gas reservoirs in China is mainly controlled by strike-slip faults to a large extent. For a long time, main faults with large throw, long extension, and penetrating multiple strata have received key attention, while interlayer strike-slip faults with smaller development scale and controlled by rock strata have been ignored for a long time. However, compared with main faults, interlayer strike-slip faults are more widely developed and have a wider influence range on oil and gas migration, accumulation, and control. Interlayer sliding is a necessary condition for the formation of interlayer strike-slip faults, but there is little research on its formation mechanism at home and abroad, and there are almost no relevant literatures.

[0003] The sandbox physical simulation experiment can be traced back to the 19th century. Over the past century, the materials of the sandbox physical simulation experiment have been continuously enriched, and the monitoring means have been continuously innovated. The sandbox physical simulation has been applied to the simulation of tectonic deformation processes at different scales and of different types, which has strongly promoted the quantitative development of structural geology. Applying the rapidly developing image detection means in recent years to the sandbox physical simulation experiment to simulate the formation process of interlayer strike-slip faults is the application of new means in a new field and is of great significance. In view of this, how to quantitatively simulate the distribution characteristics and stress extension change characteristics of faults in strata with the help of a sandbox in the laboratory to provide a direction for oil exploration has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention solves the problem of the lack of a method for quantitatively simulating the distribution characteristics and stress extension change characteristics of faults in strata with the help of a sandbox, and provides a sandbox simulation method and device for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults to solve this technical problem. By means of an algorithm, the basic characteristic information of the target fault and the information on the development process of the strike-slip fault can be accurately obtained, and then the direction of the stress field and the exploration target can be obtained through experimental verification.

[0005] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A sandbox simulation method for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. For the target fault in the oil exploration area, the basic characteristic information of the target fault is obtained by means of an image analysis algorithm;

[0008] S2. Based on the basic characteristic information, a deep learning model is used to predict the information on the development process of the strike-slip fault;

[0009] S3. In the way of sandbox simulation, conduct experimental simulation according to the simulation strategy and the basic characteristic information of the fracture to obtain the simulated fracture structure;

[0010] S4. Apply forces in at least one direction to the simulated fracture structure by using the predicted information on the development process of the strike-slip fracture to determine the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fracture structure;

[0011] S5. According to the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fracture structure, predict the development process and distribution law of the target fracture in the petroleum exploration area to provide reference information for oil and gas exploration well placement.

[0012] Preferably, the image analysis algorithm in step S1 includes:

[0013] S1-1. Obtain multi-angle images of the target fracture, determine the target areas in each image, and divide the target areas into at least N layer structures according to the layer distribution law, where N is a natural number greater than 10;

[0014] S1-2. Obtain the sum of pixel values of each layer structure, compare the pixel values of adjacent two layers. If the difference between the pixel values of adjacent two layers is greater than a preset value, then regard these adjacent two layers as two independent rock layers, otherwise, merge these adjacent two layers into one layer to obtain an independent rock layer;

[0015] S1-3. After making comparisons one by one, obtain the first predicted number of rock layers of the target fracture and the first predicted thickness of each rock layer;

[0016] S1-4. For the target areas in each image, identify and obtain the artificially predicted number of rock layers and predicted thickness;

[0017] S1-5. Perform fusion processing on the first predicted number of rock layers of the target fracture, the first predicted thickness of each rock layer, the artificially predicted number of rock layers, and the predicted thickness to obtain the layer structure information of the fracture, the thickness information of each layer, and the name of each layer;

[0018] S1-6. Record the layer structure information of the fracture, the thickness information of each layer, and the name of each layer as the basic characteristic information of the target fracture.

[0019] Preferably, the method for predicting the information on the development process of the strike-slip fracture in step S2 includes:

[0020] S2-1. Obtain training samples, where the sample data in the training samples includes: the basic characteristic information of the real fracture and the verified information on the development process of the strike-slip fracture; or

[0021] Basic characteristic information of the simulated fracture and information on the simulated strike-slip fracture development process;

[0022] S2-2. Train a deep learning model based on the training samples;

[0023] S2-3. Input the basic characteristic information of the fracture and the target area into the deep learning model, and use the result output by the deep learning model as the information on the strike-slip fracture development process, where the information on the strike-slip fracture development process includes: the vector of the force on the strike-slip fracture.

[0024] Preferably, the deep learning model in step S2 is a GAN or a deep neural network model.

[0025] Preferably, in step S3, the method for obtaining the basic structure of the simulated fracture is as follows:

[0026] S3-1. Reduce the basic characteristic information of the strike-slip fracture in accordance with a preset ratio, where the basic characteristic information of the fracture includes: an M-layer structure, and M is a natural number greater than 4;

[0027] S3-2. Configure an experimental box for sandbox simulation, and sequentially lay corrugated cardboard, formation one, formation two, formation three... to formation M on the corrugated cardboard from bottom to top inside the experimental box. A micro glass bead layer is uniformly mixed in the formation used to simulate the detachment layer;

[0028] S3-3. Adjacent formations are distinguished by different colors, and a separation layer is laid between each adjacent formation. The separation layer includes quartz sand with a color different from that of the adjacent formation, and the thickness of the separation layer is 1 cm to 1.5 cm.

[0029] It is specified that formations one to M in the basic structure include competent rock layers and incompetent rock layers to form fracture structure one; replace the separation layer between formation three and formation four in the basic structure with double-layer cardboard to form fracture structure two; penetrate double-layer cardboard between formation four and formation one in the basic structure, and the angle between the double-layer cardboard and the corrugated cardboard is a preset angle.

[0030] Preferably, the experimental box configured in step S3 includes a side box plate movably arranged on the side to apply force to the formations inside the experimental box by using the movable side box plate. The operation method for determining the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fracture structure in step S4 includes:

[0031] S4-1. Construct a simulated fracture structure inside the experimental box;

[0032] S4-2. Control the movement of the side box plate to apply force to each formation to simulate the information on the strike-slip fracture development process;

[0033] S4-3. Image information of the formation changes inside the experimental box collected in real time from the front and top of the experimental box;

[0034] S4-4. Identify and preprocess the collected image information to obtain the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fracture structure;

[0035] S4-5. Perform steps S4-1 to S4-4 on the simulated fracture structures one, two, and three in sequence to obtain the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in fracture structures one, two, and three in sequence.

[0036] Preferably, in step S5, the method for predicting the development process and distribution law of the target fracture includes:

[0037] S5-1. According to the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fracture structure, obtain the correlation information between the strike-slip tectonic stress field and the layered strike-slip characteristics, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip fault, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip fault plane, the differential distribution information of the layer thickness and lithology, the rock mechanical properties of the formation interface, and the information of the overlying formation load acting on the formation interface;

[0038] S5-2. Predict the development process and distribution law of the target fracture in the petroleum exploration area according to the correlation information between the strike-slip tectonic stress field and the layered strike-slip characteristics, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip fault, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip fault plane, the differential distribution information of the layer thickness and lithology, the rock mechanical properties of the formation interface, and the information of the overlying formation load acting on the formation interface.

[0039] An apparatus applicable to the above sand box simulation method for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip fractures, comprising:

[0040] A sand box simulation experimental component for performing sand box simulation, in which the simulated fracture structure is placed to receive the acting force applied by the sand box simulation component;

[0041] An image acquisition component for real-time collecting images of the fracture structure inside the sand box simulation experimental component, and the image acquisition component includes at least two cameras for collecting images from the front and above of the simulated fracture structure;

[0042] An analysis component, which is built-in with a program for identifying and obtaining the basic characteristic information of the target fracture, predicting the information of the development process of the strike-slip fracture; and identifying the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fracture structure and predicting the development process and distribution law of the target fracture in the petroleum exploration area.

[0043] Preferably, the analysis component includes a computer or other electronic devices with image processing capabilities.

[0044] Preferably, the sand box simulation test component includes:

[0045] The main experimental bench includes a frame and an operating table mounted on the frame;

[0046] An experimental box placed on the operating table, including a bottom plate and side box plates located around. A rectangular groove for accommodating a simulated fracture structure is formed by enclosing between the bottom plate and the side box plates. The side box plates are transparent glass plates, and at least one side box plate is slidably engaged with the bottom plate in a direction pointing to the center of the experimental box;

[0047] A force application mechanism, including a push rod mounted on the operating table for driving the sliding of the movable side box plate;

[0048] At least three different colors of quartz sands for simulating limestone and competent rock layers, and the internal friction angle φ of the quartz sands is approximately 37°;

[0049] Micro glass beads and silica gel for simulating detachment mudstone layers and incompetent rock layers, and the internal friction angle φ of the micro glass beads is approximately 25°;

[0050] Colorless and transparent silica gel for simulating detachment layers, and the silica gel follows Newton's viscosity law.

[0051] The beneficial technical effects of the technical solution of the present invention:

[0052] (1) In this solution, by analyzing and obtaining the basic characteristic information of the target fracture in the area to be explored and the predicted information on the development process of the strike-slip fracture, then conducting the simulation and further verification of the sandbox experiment, and further verifying the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the fracture structure through the experiment. Finally, it realizes the prediction of the development process and distribution law of the target fracture in the oil exploration area, and further provides reference information for oil and gas exploration well placement. The above method is simple and portable, accurately obtains the basic characteristic information of the target fracture and the information on the development process of the strike-slip fracture with the help of an algorithm, and further obtains the direction of the stress field and the exploration target through experimental verification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1 Shows a schematic flow chart of a sandbox simulation system for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip fractures in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 Is a schematic diagram of the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the first structure simulated by the sandbox experiment;

[0055] Figure 3 Is a schematic diagram of the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the second structure simulated by the sandbox experiment;

[0056] Figure 4 Is a schematic diagram of the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the third structure simulated by the sandbox experiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0057] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the following further elaborates in detail a sandbox simulation method and device for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to the present invention in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. According to the following description, the advantages and features of the present invention will be clearer. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are in a very simplified form and all use non-precise scales, only for the purpose of conveniently and clearly assisting in explaining the objectives of the embodiments of the present invention. In order to make the objectives, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, please refer to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the structures, scales, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they do not have technical substantial significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present invention can produce and the objectives that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0058] To more clearly describe the sandbox simulation method and device for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults in specific implementations, some background information is first explained. Strike-slip faults are important controlling factors for oil and gas migration and accumulation. In the research on the origin and hydrocarbon accumulation laws of deep reservoirs in the Middle-Lower Ordovician of the Tarim Basin, the study of the strike-slip fault system is indispensable. The development of strike-slip faults in the Tarim Basin is affected by multiple tectonic movements, and strike-slip faults of different scales and levels are developed. There are many secondary small faults with small throw and short extension between large faults. During the development of reservoirs, large faults mainly play a role in controlling reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation, while most small faults are developed within the third- and fourth-order sequence boundaries and mainly serve as migration paths for interlayer oil and gas or fluids. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the development pattern of such small faults between strata.

[0059] The following explains the terms / words mentioned in the following embodiments:

[0060] Layered strike-slip: Refers to the layer-controlled characteristics that appear under the action of strike-slip faults, and there is a certain amount of sliding between layers.

[0061] Interlayer sliding: Refers to the relative sliding of a certain distance between strata with different competence under a certain force.

[0062] The following will combine the attached Figures 1 to 4 drawings and specific embodiments to elaborate in detail the technical solutions of the sandbox simulation method and device for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to the present invention.

[0063] Embodiment

[0064] Such as Figures 1 to 4As shown in the figure, a sandbox simulation method for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults in this embodiment is studied and analyzed based on the deep strike-slip faults in the Tarim Basin. However, the analysis method applied can be extended and applied to the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults of any target fault structure. The analysis method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0065] S1. For the target fault in the oil exploration area, obtain the basic characteristic information of the target fault by means of an image analysis algorithm;

[0066] S2. Based on the basic characteristic information, use a deep learning model to predict the information on the development process of the strike-slip fault;

[0067] S3. In the form of sandbox simulation, conduct experimental simulation according to the simulation strategy and the basic characteristic information of the fault to obtain the simulated fault structure;

[0068] S4. Apply forces in at least one direction to the simulated fault structure by using the predicted information on the development process of the strike-slip fault, and determine the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fault structure;

[0069] S5. According to the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated structure, predict the development process and distribution law of the target fault in the oil exploration area to provide reference information for oil and gas exploration well placement.

[0070] In step S1, for example, a computer (such as the following analysis component) can be used to obtain multi-angle images of the target fault. For each image, determine the target area in the image, divide the target area into at least N layer structures according to the layer distribution law, and N is a natural number greater than 10;

[0071] Obtain the sum of pixel values of each layer structure, compare the pixel values of adjacent layers. If the difference between the pixel values of adjacent layers is greater than the preset value, then regard these two adjacent layers as two independent rock layers. Otherwise, merge these two adjacent layers into one layer to obtain an independent rock layer; compare them in sequence to obtain the first predicted number of rock layers of the target fault and the first predicted thickness of each rock layer;

[0072] For the target area in each image, obtain the manually predicted number of rock layers and predicted thickness;

[0073] Perform fusion processing on the first predicted number of rock layers and the first predicted thickness of each rock layer of the target fault, the manually predicted number of rock layers and predicted thickness, to obtain the layer structure information of the fault, the thickness information of each layer, and the names of each layer; regard the layer structure information, the thickness information of each layer, and the names of each layer as the basic characteristic information of the fault.

[0074] Specifically, for the details of processing and obtaining the basic characteristic information of the fault, the following method can be referred to:

[0075] First, it should be noted that the image with the target fracture can be obtained by manual pre - photographing or by photographing with other detection devices. The image for extracting the target area A described below is an image including the target area A selected through manual screening, or all pictures are pre - processed to screen the images including the target area A for the following processing.

[0076] For each image, extract the target area A in the image; the target area A is of a specified size.

[0077] For the target area A, obtain P sub - images according to the preset division order, and the size of each sub - image is also preset.

[0078] Traverse each row and obtain the pixel values of each sub - image i in the same row. For example, obtain the pixel value L of each sub - image using the following formula: pixel value L = 1.5R+1.1G + 1B (R, G, and B are the brightness values of the sub - image respectively); since red and yellow in the rock formation belong to layered colors, magnification is performed in the calculation to facilitate comparison of pixel values.

[0079] Compare the pixel values of sub - image i and sub - image j in the same column of adjacent rows to determine the pixel value L of sub - image i and sub - image j. i -L j Whether the difference is greater than the preset value.

[0080] If it is greater, the row where sub - image i is located can be regarded as one rock formation, and the row where sub - image j is located can be regarded as another rock formation; otherwise, sub - image i and sub - image j are regarded as the same rock formation.

[0081] Since the division of rock formations may not be a straight line, it is necessary to compare the pixel values of each sub - image in each row with those of each sub - image in adjacent rows to confirm the boundaries of each rock formation. The predicted thickness of each rock formation can be represented in the form of a sequence or a vector.

[0082] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the smaller the length and width of the sub - image division, the more accurate the boundaries of each rock formation can be obtained.

[0083] Generally, in actual processing, there are also the number of rock formations and the predicted thickness identified or processed manually for the image. Therefore, to obtain the number of rock formations and the predicted thickness of each rock formation more accurately, the above two results can be fused. For example, for the number of rock formations, the number with the highest probability can be selected from the results of the number of rock formations corresponding to all target areas A and the results of manual identification of rock formations as the finally determined number of rock formations. For the predicted thickness of each rock formation, the thickness of the corresponding rock formation in the number of rock formations can be processed for errors to obtain the final predicted thickness of each rock formation.

[0084] In step S2, in actual application, training samples can be obtained in advance. The sample data in the training samples includes: the basic characteristic information of real fractures and the information on the development process of strike-slip fractures that has been verified. Of course, the basic characteristic information of simulated fractures and the information on the development process of simulated strike-slip fractures can also be used, but the accuracy of the data used should be ensured.

[0085] Based on the training samples, a deep learning model is trained. The deep learning model can be a GAN or a deep neural network model. This embodiment does not limit the deep learning model, and it can be selected according to actual needs. The input of the deep learning model is the basic characteristic information of each fracture and the target area A of an image with the number of rock layers, and the output is the information on the development process of strike-slip fractures.

[0086] After obtaining the trained deep learning model, the basic characteristic information of the fracture and the target area are input into the deep learning model, and the output of the deep learning model is obtained. The output of the deep learning model is the information on the development process of strike-slip fractures, and the information on the development process of strike-slip fractures includes: the force vector of the strike-slip fracture.

[0087] In addition, the present invention also discloses a sandbox simulation device for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip fractures, which is applicable to the above sandbox simulation method. The device includes:

[0088] A sandbox simulation experiment component for conducting sandbox simulation. The simulated fracture structure is placed in the sandbox simulation experiment component to receive the force applied by the sandbox simulation component;

[0089] An image acquisition component for real-time acquisition of images of the fracture structure in the sandbox simulation experiment component. The image acquisition component includes at least two cameras for acquiring images from the front and above of the simulated fracture structure;

[0090] An analysis component. The analysis component is built-in with a program for identifying and obtaining the basic characteristic information of the target fracture, predicting the information on the development process of strike-slip fractures; and identifying the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fracture structure, and predicting the development process and distribution law of the target fracture in the petroleum exploration area.

[0091] The analysis component in this embodiment can be a computer or other electronic devices with image processing capabilities.

[0092] Specifically, the sandbox simulation experiment component in this embodiment can include:

[0093] A main experimental table, which is a circular device composed of an aluminum alloy frame and a composite tabletop of aluminum alloy and stainless steel plate as an operating table. The diameter of the operating table is 1500 mm, and the height of the experimental table is 750 mm;

[0094] An experimental box placed on the main experimental bench. The experimental box includes a bottom plate and side box plates located on all sides. A rectangular groove for accommodating a simulated fracture structure is formed by surrounding between the bottom plate and the side box plates. The side box plates are transparent glass plates. The two side box plates located on both sides of the experimental box can be slidably matched with the bottom plate in the direction pointing to the center of the experimental box, so as to apply a force to the simulated fracture structure from both sides;

[0095] A force application mechanism for applying a tectonic force to the simulated structure in the experimental box. In this embodiment, the force application mechanism includes a push rod installed on the operating bench for driving the sliding of the movable side box plate;

[0096] An automatic sand adding device located at the top of the experimental box, which evenly spreads sand into the rectangular groove in the experimental box according to the basic fracture feature information under the control of a computer to form a simulated structure;

[0097] At least three different colors of quartz sand for simulating limestone and competent rock layers, and the internal friction angle φ of the quartz sand is approximately 37°;

[0098] Micro glass beads and silica gel for simulating detachment mudstone layers and incompetent rock layers, and the internal friction angle φ of the micro glass beads is approximately 25°;

[0099] Colorless and transparent silica gel for simulating the detachment layer, and the silica gel follows Newton's viscosity law.

[0100] In step S3, based on the sandbox simulation method, experimental simulation is carried out based on the simulation strategy and the basic fracture feature information to obtain a simulated fracture structure.

[0101] In specific implementation, the basic fracture feature information of the strike-slip fracture can be scaled down according to a preset ratio. The basic fracture feature information includes: M-layer structure, where M is a natural number greater than 4;

[0102] For example, the development processes of multiple strike-slip fractures such as structure one, structure two, and structure three of the target fracture are simulated in the way of sandbox simulation.

[0103] The method for simulating the basic structure of the target fracture includes:

[0104] S3-1. Scale down the basic fracture feature information of the strike-slip fracture according to a preset ratio. The basic fracture feature information includes: M-layer structure, where M is a natural number greater than 4;

[0105] S3-2. Configure an experimental box for sandbox simulation, and lay corrugated paperboards, formation one, formation two, formation three... to formation M located on the corrugated paperboards from bottom to top in the experimental box. The formation for simulating the detachment layer is evenly mixed with a micro glass bead layer;

[0106] S3-3. The adjacent strata are distinguished by different colors, and a separation layer is laid between each adjacent strata. The separation layer includes quartz sand with a color different from that of the adjacent strata. The thickness of the separation layer is 1 cm to 1.5 cm, and the colors of the quartz sand in each separation layer are also different.

[0107] Trim the basic structure. Assume that in the strata from Stratum 1 to Stratum M in the basic structure, there are competent strata and incompetent strata, which can form Fault Structure 1; replace the separation layer between Stratum 3 and Stratum 4 in the basic structure with double-layer cardboard to form Fault Structure 2; penetrate double-layer cardboard between Stratum 4 and Stratum 1 in the basic structure, and the angle between the double-layer cardboard and the corrugated cardboard is a preset angle.

[0108] Subsequently, in Step S4, apply a force to the simulated fault structure to simulate the information of the strike-slip fault development process, and determine the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fault structure.

[0109] Then use the image information collected in real time by the image acquisition device.

[0110] Then identify and preprocess all the collected images, and the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in Fault Structures 1, 2, and 3 can be obtained.

[0111] According to the characteristic information of interlayer sliding obtained from the tests of Simulated Structure 1 to Simulated Structure 3, through calculation and analysis, the correlation information between the strike-slip tectonic stress field and the layered strike-slip characteristics, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip faults, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip fault planes, the differential distribution information of layer thickness and lithology, the rock mechanical properties of the stratigraphic interface, and the overlying formation load action information on the stratigraphic interface can be obtained.

[0112] According to the above-mentioned correlation information between the strike-slip tectonic stress field and the layered strike-slip characteristics, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip faults, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip fault planes, the differential distribution information of layer thickness and lithology, the rock mechanical properties of the stratigraphic interface, and the overlying formation load action information on the stratigraphic interface, predict the development process and distribution law of the target faults in the oil exploration area, and provide reference information for oil and gas exploration well placement.

[0113] The method of this embodiment quickly obtains the basic characteristic information of the target faults in the area to be explored and the predicted strike-slip fault development process information with the help of a computer, which is convenient for the simulation and further verification of the sandbox experiment. Further verify the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the fault structure through the experiment. Thus, the development process and distribution law of the target faults in the oil exploration area can be predicted, and reference information for oil and gas exploration well placement can be provided. The above method is simple and portable, accurately obtains the basic characteristic information of the target faults and the strike-slip fault development process information with the help of an algorithm, and further obtains the direction of the stress field and the exploration target through experimental verification.

[0114] Apply a force to the strata inside the experimental box using the movable side box board on the side of the experimental box to simulate the information on the development process of strike-slip faults;

[0115] Use the cameras on the front and top of the experimental box to collect image information of the fault structures in real time;

[0116] Subsequently, use the analysis component to identify and preprocess all the images collected in Fault Structures One, Two, and Three, and obtain the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in each simulated fault structure.

[0117] In this embodiment, Structure One based on the target fault corresponds to the simulation of a strike-slip fault. In the experiment, a single side box board is used to achieve the push. The structural pattern of the experimental results can be the en echelon structure corresponding to the positive flower-shaped strike-slip fault and the feather structure at the tail end, as Figure 2 shown.

[0118] In this embodiment, Structure Two based on the target fault corresponds to the simulation of multiple strike-slip faults. In the experiment, corrugated cardboard and double-layer hard paper can be used to drive two sets of sand bodies to move together. In particular, the thicknesses of the above-mentioned strata can be different. The strata on the corrugated cardboard and double-layer hard paper will be simultaneously subjected to the action of right-side extrusion and left-side stretching, while the strata outside the cardboard and hard paper will only be subjected to the action of right-side extrusion. At this time, two strike-slip faults will appear between the corrugated cardboard and double-layer hard paper, and a strike-slip fault will also appear on the other side of the double-layer hard paper. The experimental results can show three main strike-slip faults, as well as secondary small faults, namely secondary faults, that may appear near the strike-slip faults, as Figure 3 shown. Among them, the characteristic information of the main strike-slip faults includes: feather structure and tail echelon structure, and the development of stratigraphic control faults between the main strike-slip faults.

[0119] In this embodiment, Structure Three based on the target fault corresponds to the simulation of multiple strike-slip faults that may cross. In the experiment, the cross distribution of corrugated cardboard and double-layer hard paper can be used, that is, lay the corrugated cardboard and double-layer hard paper on the platform, and there is a certain angle between them. Setting a certain angle is beneficial to observing the mutual influence between the formed strike-slip faults, and at the same time observing the characteristics of stratigraphic control fault stratification slip under the condition of mutual influence. During the experiment, the strata on the corrugated cardboard will be simultaneously subjected to the action of right-side extrusion and left-side stretching, while the strata outside the cardboard and hard paper will only be subjected to the action of right-side extrusion. At this time, strike-slip faults will appear on both sides of the corrugated cardboard; at this time, under the action of left-side oblique stretching, strike-slip faults will appear on both sides of the hard paper. In this way, the formed faults of the two will cross and interact with each other, and it is easy to have the development of stratigraphic control faults and obtain the characteristics of stratigraphic control fault stratification slip; the experimental results can show three main strike-slip large faults, and secondary faults can also be seen, as Figure 4As shown in the figure. Among them, the characteristic information of the main strike-slip fault includes: flower-shaped characteristics, and the development information of bedding-controlled faults between the main strike-slip faults.

[0120] It can be seen from this that during the formation of bedding-controlled faults, the most important influence is still from tectonic actions. The magnitude, direction, and nature of the tectonic stress field will change over time and space. The main strike-slip faults formed under different actions will affect the formation and evolution results of bedding-controlled faults. The development characteristics of bedding-controlled faults under the layered strike-slip action can be clarified, and the development pattern of bedding-controlled faults in the Tahe area can be obtained.

[0121] For oil exploration, it is usually necessary to understand the structure during exploration to prevent unexpected events during exploration. For the marginal rock structure during exploration, photos can be taken and the development information of strike-slip faults can be determined in the laboratory. This method is an innovation in the field of oil exploration. In external oil exploration, it is generally impossible to directly predict. Usually, images of the exploration area are obtained, and various acting forces are increased by using physical models or computer simulation experiments to predict the possible development process. How to apply forces in actual exploration also requires suggestions based on the prediction.

[0122] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of concise description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0123] The above-described embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention patent should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sandbox simulation method for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. For the target fault in the oil exploration area, obtain the basic characteristic information of the target fault by means of an image analysis algorithm; S2. Based on the basic characteristic information, use a deep learning model to predict the information on the development process of the strike-slip fault; S3. In the way of sandbox simulation, conduct experimental simulation according to the simulation strategy and the basic characteristic information of the fault to obtain the simulated fault structure; S4. Apply forces in at least one direction to the simulated fault structure by using the predicted information on the development process of the strike-slip fault, and determine the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fault structure; S5. According to the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fault structure, predict the development process and distribution law of the target fault in the oil exploration area to provide reference information for oil and gas exploration well placement.

2. The sandbox simulation method for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to claim 1, characterized in that, The image analysis algorithm in step S1 includes: S1-1. Obtain multi-angle images of the target fault, determine the target areas in each image, and divide the target areas into at least N layer structures according to the layer distribution law, where N is a natural number greater than 10; S1-2. Obtain the sum of pixel values of each layer structure, compare the pixel values of adjacent layers. If the difference between the pixel values of adjacent layers is greater than the preset value, then regard these adjacent two layers as two independent rock layers, otherwise, merge these adjacent two layers into one layer to obtain an independent rock layer; S1-3. After one-by-one comparison, obtain the first predicted number of rock layers of the target fault and the first predicted thickness of each rock layer; S1-4. For the target areas in each image, identify and obtain the artificially predicted number of rock layers and predicted thickness; S1-5. Perform fusion processing on the first predicted number of rock layers of the target fault, the first predicted thickness of each rock layer, the artificially predicted number of rock layers, and the predicted thickness to obtain the layer structure information of the fault, the thickness information of each layer, and the name of each layer; S1-6. Record the layer structure information of the fault, the thickness information of each layer, and the name of each layer as the basic characteristic information of the target fault.

3. The sandbox simulation method for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to claim 1, wherein The method for predicting the information on the development process of the strike-slip fault in step S2 includes: S2-1. Obtain training samples, and the sample data in the training samples include: the basic characteristic information of the real fault and the verified information on the development process of the strike-slip fault; or The basic characteristic information of the simulated fault and the simulated information on the development process of the strike-slip fault; S2-2. Train a deep learning model based on the training samples; S2-3. Input the basic characteristic information of the fault and the target area into the deep learning model, and use the output result of the deep learning model as the information on the development process of the strike-slip fault. The information on the development process of the strike-slip fault includes: the force vector of the strike-slip fault.

4. The sandbox simulation method for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to claim 1, characterized in that The deep learning model in step S2 is a GAN or a deep neural network model.

5. The sandbox simulation method for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to claim 1, wherein In step S3, the method for obtaining the basic structure of the simulated fault is: S3-1. Scale down the basic characteristic information of the strike-slip fault according to a preset ratio. The basic characteristic information of the fault includes: M layer structures, where M is a natural number greater than 4; S3-2. Configure an experimental box for sandbox simulation. Inside the experimental box, corrugated cardboard, Stratum 1, Stratum 2, Stratum 3... up to Stratum M located on the corrugated cardboard are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. In the stratum used to simulate the detachment layer, a micro glass bead layer is evenly mixed; S3-3. Adjacent strata are distinguished by different colors, and a separation layer is laid between each adjacent stratum. The separation layer includes quartz sand with a color different from that of the adjacent stratum, and the thickness of the separation layer is 1 cm to 1.5 cm. It is set that Stratum 1 to Stratum M in the basic structure include competent rock layers and incompetent rock layers, forming Fault Structure 1; replace the separation layer between Stratum 3 and Stratum 4 in the basic structure with double-layer cardboard to form Fault Structure 2; penetrate double-layer cardboard between Stratum 4 and Stratum 1 in the basic structure, and the angle between the double-layer cardboard and the corrugated cardboard is a preset angle.

6. The sandbox simulation method for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to claim 5, wherein The experimental box configured in step S3 includes a side box board movably arranged on the side to apply force to the strata in the experimental box by using the movable side box board. The operation method for determining the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fault structure in step S4 includes: S4-1. Construct a simulated fault structure in the experimental box; S4-2. Control the movement of the side box board to apply force to each stratum to simulate the information of the development process of strike-slip faults; S4-3. Collect the image information of the change of the strata in the experimental box in real time from the front and top of the experimental box; S4-4. Identify and preprocess the collected image information to obtain the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fault structure; S4-5. Perform steps S4-1 to S4-4 on the simulated Fault Structures 1, 2, and 3 in sequence to obtain the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in Fault Structures 1, 2, and 3 in sequence.

7. The sandbox simulation method for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S5, the method for predicting the development process and distribution law of the target fault includes: S5-1. According to the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fault structure, obtain the correlation information between the strike-slip tectonic stress field and the layered strike-slip characteristics, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip fault, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip fault, the differential distribution information of the layer thickness and lithology, the rock mechanical properties of the formation interface, and the information of the overlying formation load acting on the formation interface; S5-2. Predict the development process and distribution law of the target fault in the petroleum exploration area according to the correlation information between the strike-slip tectonic stress field and the layered strike-slip characteristics, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip fault, the distribution position information of the main strike-slip fault, the differential distribution information of the layer thickness and lithology, the rock mechanical properties of the formation interface, and the information of the overlying formation load acting on the formation interface.

8. An apparatus for a sandbox simulation method applicable to analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Including: A sandbox simulation experiment component for performing sandbox simulation. The simulated fault structure is placed in the sandbox simulation experiment component to receive the force applied by the sandbox simulation component; An image acquisition component for real-time collecting the images of the fault structure in the sandbox simulation experiment component. The image acquisition component includes at least two cameras for collecting images from the front and above of the simulated fault structure; An analysis component, which is built-in with a program for identifying and obtaining basic feature information of the target fracture, predicting the development process information of the strike-slip fracture; and identifying the characteristic information of interlayer sliding in the simulated fracture structure to predict the development process and distribution law of the target fracture in the oil exploration area.

9. The sandbox simulation device for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to claim 8, characterized in that, The analysis component includes a computer or other electronic device with image processing capabilities.

10. The sandbox simulation device for analyzing the development process of interlayer strike-slip faults according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sandbox simulation test component includes: A main experimental bench, including a frame and an operating table installed on the frame; An experimental box placed on the operating table, including a bottom plate and side box plates located around. A rectangular groove for accommodating the simulated fracture structure is formed by enclosing between the bottom plate and the side box plates. The side box plates are transparent glass plates, and at least one side box plate is slidably matched with the bottom plate in the direction pointing to the center of the experimental box; A force application mechanism, including a push rod installed on the operating table for driving the sliding of the movable side box plate; At least three different colors of quartz sand for simulating limestone and competent rock layers, and the internal friction angle φ of the quartz sand is approximately 37°; Micro glass beads and silica gel for simulating the detachment mudstone layer and incompetent rock layers, and the internal friction angle φ of the micro glass beads is approximately 25°; Colorless and transparent silica gel for simulating the detachment layer, and the silica gel follows Newton's viscosity law.

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