Display device and head mounted display device including the same

Abstract

A display apparatus and a head-mounted display apparatus including the same are provided. A display device according to the present specification may include: a substrate; a plurality of banks dividing a plurality of sub-pixels on the substrate; a light emitting element disposed on the plurality of sub-pixels; an encapsulation film disposed over the light emitting element; and a plurality of lenses provided between the light emitting element and the encapsulation film.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to a display device for displaying images. Background Art

[0002] Display devices are applied to various electronic devices such as televisions, mobile phones, laptop computers, and tablet computers. For this reason, research is continuously being conducted to develop thinner, lighter, and lower-power display devices.

[0003] In a display device for displaying various information as images, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device includes a plurality of pixel regions disposed in an active area for displaying an image and a plurality of OLEDs corresponding to the plurality of pixel regions. Since an OLED is a self-luminous element that emits light by itself, the OLED display device has the following advantages compared to a liquid crystal display device: faster response time, higher luminous efficiency and brightness, wider viewing angle, and superior contrast and color gamut.

[0004] Recently, as the demand for head-mounted display (HMD) devices including OLED display devices has increased, research on HMD devices has also increased. An HMD device is an image display device for focusing on an image at a distance close to the user's eyes using a device in the form of glasses or a helmet. The HMD device can implement virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR). VR has the following advantages: due to the excellent immersion of the user, the user can see a 60-inch display on a 1-inch display. OLEDs with high resolution are applied to HMD devices. However, research is being conducted on problems caused by the dense spacing of sub-pixels for implementing a high-resolution display. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of this specification aim to provide a display device that can prevent color mixing when light emitted from each sub-pixel is emitted in the direction of an adjacent sub-pixel.

[0006] Embodiments of this specification also aim to improve the optical path by disposing microlenses between the hydrophobic dams to simplify the structure of the display device. Therefore, embodiments of this specification also aim to reduce the overall thickness of the display device.

[0007] In addition, embodiments of this specification also aim to provide a display device that can increase optical brightness by disposing microlenses having different shapes for each sub-pixel that implements different colors.

[0008] The object of an embodiment according to the present specification is not limited to the above object, and other objects and advantages not mentioned in the present invention can be understood from the following description and will be more clearly understood through the embodiments of the present specification. In addition, it will be easily seen that the objects and advantages of the present specification can be achieved by the device and its combination described in the claims.

[0009] A display device according to an embodiment of the present specification may include: a substrate; a plurality of dams that divide a plurality of sub-pixels on the substrate; a light-emitting element disposed on each of the plurality of sub-pixels; a encapsulation film disposed above the light-emitting element; and a plurality of lenses, each lens being disposed between a corresponding light-emitting element and the encapsulation film. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0011] Figure 2 is a plan view schematically showing a part of a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0012] Figure 3 is along Figure 2 in the line 3-3 sectional view.

[0013] Figure 4 is a view showing the light emission direction according to the angle of the lens.

[0014] Figure 5 is for describing Figure 3 the angle of the lens.

[0015] Figure 6 is a sectional view of a display device according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0016] Figure 7 is showing Figure 6 the angle of the lens.

[0017] Figure 8 is a sectional view of a display device according to still another embodiment of the present specification.

[0018] Figure 9 is a sectional view of a display device according to still another embodiment of the present specification.

[0019] Figures 10 to 15 is a view for describing a method of manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0020] Figures 16 to 18A head-mounted display device including a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification is shown. Detailed Embodiment

[0021] The advantages and features of the present specification and the methods for realizing them will become clear with reference to the embodiments described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present specification is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but will be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided only to make the disclosure of the present specification complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the present specification.

[0022] Since the shapes, sizes, ratios, angles, numbers, etc. disclosed in the accompanying drawings for describing the embodiments of the present specification are illustrative, the present specification is not limited to the items shown. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals indicate the same components. In addition, when describing the present specification, when it is determined that a detailed description of related known technologies may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present specification, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. When using terms such as "including", "having", "consisting of", etc. described in the present specification, other parts may be added unless "only" is used. When a component is expressed in the singular, it includes the case where the component is provided as a plurality of components, unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0023] When explaining a component, even without a separate explicit description, the component is interpreted as including an error range.

[0024] When describing a positional relationship, for example, when using terms such as "on", "above", "below", "next to", etc. to describe the positional relationship between two parts, one or more other parts may be located between the two parts, unless the terms "immediately" or "directly" are used.

[0025] When describing a time relationship, for example, when using terms such as "after", "subsequently", "then", "before", etc. to describe the time relationship, it may include a non-consecutive case, unless the terms "immediately" or "directly" are used.

[0026] Although terms such as "first", "second", etc. are used to describe various components, these components are not limited by these terms. The terms are only used to distinguish one component from another. Therefore, within the technical spirit of the present specification, the first component described below may be the second component.

[0027] The features of various embodiments of the present specification may be partially or fully coupled or combined, and various technical interconnections and driving are possible, and the embodiments may be implemented independently of each other or together in an associated relationship.

[0028] Hereinafter, a display device according to each embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification. Additionally, Figure 2 is a plan view schematically showing a part of a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0030] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a display device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present specification may include a display panel 1005 having an active area AA and a non-active area NAA located outside the active area AA.

[0031] The display panel 1005 includes a first substrate 100 and a second substrate 300. The first substrate 100 may include transparent plastic or glass. The second substrate 300 may include a transparent plastic film, a glass substrate, or an encapsulation film. The first substrate 100 or the second substrate 300 may have a quadrilateral shape, or a quadrilateral shape in which each corner has a circular shape in a plan view. The second substrate 300 may also be referred to as a cover window, window cover, or cover glass covering the first substrate 100.

[0032] A plurality of pixels PX may be provided in the active area AA of the first substrate 100. Video or an image may be displayed in the active area (AA) through the plurality of pixels PX. A plurality of drivers for driving the plurality of pixels PX provided in the active area AA may be provided in the non-active area NAA. For example, the drivers may include a gate driver, a data driver, a touch driver, and a timing controller, but are not limited thereto.

[0033] A plurality of data lines DL and a plurality of scan lines SL may be provided in the active area AA. Each of the plurality of data lines DL may be provided to intersect each of the plurality of scan lines SL. One sub-pixel may be defined by one intersecting data line DL and one scan line SL, and a plurality of sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 may be provided in the active area AA. For example, one sub-pixel may be electrically connected to a gate line and a data line.

[0034] The plurality of sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 may be arranged in a matrix form (M*N, where M and N are natural numbers) on the active area AA of the first substrate 100. Each of the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 may include a light-emitting element and may emit red, green, or blue light.

[0035] The non-active area NAA is an area surrounding the active area AA and can be defined as an area where no video or image is displayed. For example, the non-active area NAA may include the upper edge area, lower edge area, left edge area, and right edge area of the display panel 1005. The flexible printed circuit board 1015 and the printed circuit board 1020 may be disposed on at least one edge of the non-active area NAA. The integrated circuit chip 1017 may be disposed on the flexible printed circuit board 1015. The flexible printed circuit board 1015 may have one side coupled to the first substrate 100 and the other side coupled to the printed circuit board 1020 to supply various signals and power for driving the light-emitting elements supplied from the printed circuit board 1020 to the active area AA of the first substrate 100. For example, the various signals may include high-potential voltage, low-potential voltage, scan signal, data signal, touch detection signal, etc.

[0036] The printed circuit board 1020 may supply signals to the integrated circuit chip 1017 disposed on the flexible printed circuit board 1015. Various components for supplying various signals to the integrated circuit chip 1017 may be disposed on the printed circuit board 1020. In Figure 1 the present specification, although one flexible printed circuit board 1015 and one printed circuit board 1020 are shown, the present specification is not limited thereto. For example, a plurality of flexible printed circuit boards 1015 and a plurality of printed circuit boards 1020 may be disposed at one edge of the first substrate 100.

[0037] The pad portion 1010 may be located on the non-active area NAA of the first substrate 100 and may include a plurality of electrode pads. The flexible printed circuit board 1015 provided with the integrated circuit chip 1017 may be attached to the pad portion 1010 disposed in the non-active area NAA of the display panel 1005. In one example, the flexible printed circuit board 1015 and the pad portion 1010 may be attached by using an anisotropic conductive film. The electrode pads included in the pad portion 1010 may include a plurality of power supply pads, a plurality of data supply pads, control signal supply pads, or a plurality of common power supply pads, etc., for transmitting various signals and power for driving the light-emitting elements supplied from the printed circuit board 1020 to the active area AA.

[0038] The display device according to an embodiment of the present specification may be one of a top emission type or a bottom emission type according to the direction in which the light emitted from the light-emitting layer is emitted. Hereinafter, the top emission type will be described as an example.

[0039] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in Figure 2 the present specification. Figure 4 is a view showing the light emission direction according to the angle of the lens. Figure 5 is for describing Figure 3View of the angle of the lens. In the embodiments of this specification, for ease of description, only two sub-pixels SP1 and SP2 are described, but this specification is not limited thereto.

[0040] Referring to Figures 3 to 5 , a transistor TR can be provided on the substrate 100. The substrate 100 may include a silicon wafer. In one embodiment, the substrate 100 may include glass or plastic.

[0041] On the substrate 100, a driving circuit including various signal lines, transistors, capacitors, etc. can be provided for each of the sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. The signal lines may include gate lines, data lines, power lines, and reference lines, and the transistor TR may include a switching transistor and a driving transistor. For example, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology can be used to form the switching transistor and the driving transistor on the substrate 100.

[0042] The switching transistor is switched according to the gate signal supplied to the gate line to supply the data voltage supplied from the data line to the driving transistor, and select the sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. The driving transistor is used to drive the light-emitting element by supplying power to the first electrodes of the sub-pixels SP1 and SP2 selected according to the switching transistor.

[0043] The capacitor is used to hold the data voltage supplied to the driving transistor within one frame, and the electrodes of the capacitor can be electrically connected to the driving transistor.

[0044] The transistor TR may include a semiconductor layer 103, a gate insulating layer 105, a gate electrode 107, and source / drain electrodes 115. The gate insulating layer 105 can be provided between the semiconductor layer 103 and the gate electrode 107. The transistor TR may further include an insulating layer that reduces or prevents the penetration of moisture or impurities between the substrate 100 and the semiconductor layer 103.

[0045] The semiconductor layer 103 can be made of an oxide semiconductor or a silicon-based semiconductor material. For example, the semiconductor layer 103 may include a transparent oxide semiconductor material such as indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). In addition, the semiconductor layer 103 may further include a polysilicon semiconductor material.

[0046] The semiconductor layer 103 may include a channel region 103a, a source region 103b, and a drain region 103c. The gate insulating layer 105 may be formed of a single layer or multiple layers of silicon oxide (SiO x ) or silicon nitride (SiN x ).

[0047] A gate electrode 107 can be provided on the gate insulating layer 105. A region of the semiconductor layer 103 that vertically overlaps with the gate electrode 107 can be a channel region 103a. A source region 103b and a drain region 103c can be positioned on both sides of the channel region 103a.

[0048] An interlayer insulating layer 109 and a passivation layer 111 can be sequentially provided on the gate electrode 107.

[0049] A source electrode / drain electrode 115 filling a contact hole 113 passing through the interlayer insulating layer 109 and the gate insulating layer 105 can be provided with the gate electrode 107 inserted therebetween. The source electrode / drain electrode 115 can be respectively connected to the source region 103b and the drain region 103c of the semiconductor layer 103.

[0050] A planarization layer 125 can be provided on the passivation layer 111 and the source electrode / drain electrode 115. The planarization layer 125 can include a first planarization layer 120 and a second planarization layer 123. The planarization layer 125 is used to planarize a step caused by a lower circuit element including a driving transistor TR.

[0051] The planarization layer 125 can include a pixel contact hole 127 that passes through the first planarization layer 120 and the second planarization layer 123 and exposes a part of the surface of the source electrode / drain electrode 115 of the transistor TR. A pixel contact electrode 129 can fill the pixel contact hole 127 while one of its surfaces is in contact with the source electrode / drain electrode 115.

[0052] A first electrode 130 can be provided on the second planarization layer 123. The first electrode 130 can include a transparent metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). Alternatively, the first electrode 130 can include a single-layer or multi-layer structure including a reflective metal film made of silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and their compounds. The first electrode 130 can also be referred to as a pixel electrode or an anode electrode.

[0053] A trench 135 can be formed in a boundary region between a plurality of sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. For example, each trench 135 can include a boundary region between the first sub-pixel SP1 and the second sub-pixel SP2, a boundary region between the second sub-pixel SP2 and another adjacent sub-pixel, and a boundary region between the first sub-pixel SP1 and another adjacent sub-pixel.

[0054] The trench 135 can extend to a predetermined depth of the planarization layer 125. For example, the trench 135 can have a concave shape that passes through the second planarization layer 123 and extends to a predetermined region of the first planarization layer 120.

[0055] A fence 133 may be provided at the edge of the first electrode 130. The fence 133 is used to prevent the end portion and the side surface of the first electrode 130 from being exposed to the outside. For example, the fence 133 may be made of an insulating material. The exposed area of the first electrode 130 may be an emission area EA that emits light to the outside.

[0056] An organic light-emitting layer 137 may be provided on the fence 133 and the first electrode 130. Since the organic light-emitting layer 137 is formed on the entire surface of the substrate 100, the organic light-emitting layer 137 may have a shape extending along the shape of the trench 135. The organic light-emitting layer 137 may include an organic material that emits white light. The organic light-emitting layer 137 may include a stacked structure including a hole transport layer HTL, an emission layer EML, an electron transport layer ETL, a hole blocking layer HBL, a hole injection layer HIL, an electron blocking layer EBL, and an electron injection layer EIL.

[0057] The second electrode 139 may be positioned on the organic light-emitting layer 137. The second electrode 139 may be a common layer commonly formed in a plurality of sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. The second electrode 139 may also be referred to as a common electrode or a cathode electrode. The second electrode 139 may include a semi-transmissive material. For example, the second electrode 139 may include magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), or an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag). A cover layer 143 may also be formed above the second electrode 139, but the present specification is not limited thereto. The cover layer 143 provided on the second electrode 139 may include an insulating material. In one example, the cover layer 143 may include aluminum oxide (AlO x )

[0058] A light-emitting element 140 including the first electrode 130, the organic light-emitting layer 137, the second electrode 139, and the cover layer 143 may be formed. In addition, when the cover layer 143 is omitted, a light-emitting element 140 including the first electrode 130, the organic light-emitting layer 137, and the second electrode 139 may be formed.

[0059] A bank 145 may be provided in a boundary area between the plurality of sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. The bank 145 may have a columnar shape that fills the trench 135 and protrudes from the surface of the cover layer 143 to a predetermined height. The bank 145 may be used as a pixel defining layer that divides the sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. In addition, it is possible to prevent light of different colors from being mixed and output to adjacent sub-pixels. The area where the bank 145 is provided may be a non-emission area NEA that does not emit light to the outside. In one example, the side wall SW of the bank 145 may have a quadrangular prism shape in which the top surface TS is perpendicular to the side wall SW, but is not limited thereto. The following will be described with reference to Figure 6 other shapes of the bank 145.

[0060] The bank 145 may include a hydrophobic material having a low affinity for water molecules. For example, the bank 145 may include an organic insulating film such as polyimide or epoxy resin. In one example, the bank 145 may include an opaque material to prevent light leakage to adjacent sub-pixels. For example, the bank 145 may include one of black resin, graphite, and black ink.

[0061] A surface modification pattern 150 may be provided on the top surface TS of the bank 145. The surface modification pattern 150 may have properties different from those of the bank 145. The surface modification pattern 150 may be a material having a high affinity for water molecules and having hydrophilic properties, which is different from the bank 145 having hydrophobic properties. For example, the surface modification pattern 150 may be a hydrophilic organic material such as a photoresist material, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), but is not limited thereto.

[0062] Lenses 147a and 149a may be provided in each of the sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. The lenses 147a and 149a may include a first lens 147a provided on the first sub-pixel SP1 and a second lens 149a provided on the second sub-pixel SP2. The bottom surfaces of the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a may each be provided in contact with the uppermost surface of the light-emitting element 140. For example, when the cover layer 143 is provided on the uppermost surface of the light-emitting element 140, the bottom surfaces of the lenses 147a and 149a may be in contact with the cover layer 143. In addition, when the second electrode 139 is provided on the uppermost surface of the light-emitting element 140, the bottom surfaces of the lenses 147a and 149a may be in contact with the second electrode 139.

[0063] The first lens 147a and the second lens 149a may have a first shape. For example, the first shape may be a hemispherical shape or a convex lens shape. Each of the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a having the first shape may include a material having a first refractive index. In one example, the bank 145 may have a height smaller than 1.0 μm. When the bank 145 is formed to have a height smaller than 1.0 μm, the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a may be easily formed into a convex lens shape.

[0064] The first lens 147a and the second lens 149a may have different heights according to the characteristics of light emitted from each of the sub-pixels SP1 and SP2 that emit different colors. For example, the first lens 147a formed on the first sub-pixel SP1 may have a first height Ha1 from the bottom surface to the top surface of the lens. In addition, the second lens 149a formed on the second sub-pixel SP2 may have a top surface set higher than the top surface of the first lens 147a and have a second height Ha2 greater than the first height Ha1. In one example, sub-pixels that emit the same color may have the same lens height.

[0065] The encapsulation films 157 and 159 may be provided on the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a. The encapsulation films 157 and 159 may include a first encapsulation film 157 and a second encapsulation film 159. The first encapsulation film 157 is used to flatten the steps caused by the bank 145, the first lens 147a, and the second lens 149a. The first encapsulation film 157 may include a material having a hydrophilic property. Here, since the surface modification pattern 150 having a hydrophilic property is positioned on the top surface of the bank 145 having a hydrophobic property, the bank 145 can be sealed by increasing the adhesion strength with the first encapsulation film 157.

[0066] The second encapsulation film 159 may be provided on the first encapsulation film 157. The second encapsulation film 159 may be an inorganic insulating film. For example, the second encapsulation film 159 may include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or titanium oxide.

[0067] Color filters 170, 180, and 190 may be provided on the second encapsulation film 159. The color filters 170, 180, and 190 may be arranged to correspond one-to-one with a plurality of sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 ( Figure 3 SP3 is not shown). The color filters 170, 180, and 190 may include a first color filter 170, a second color filter 180, and a third color filter 190. Among the color filters 170, 180, and 190, the first color filter 170 of the first color may be positioned to correspond to the first sub-pixel SP1, and the second color filter 180 of the second color may be positioned to correspond to the second sub-pixel SP2. In addition, although not shown for ease of description, the third color filter 190 of the third color may be positioned to correspond to a third sub-pixel, which is another sub-pixel adjacent to each of the first sub-pixel SP1 and the second sub-pixel SP2. Here, the first color may be red, the second color may be green, and the third color may be blue, but the present specification is not limited thereto.

[0068] Meanwhile, the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a may have a hemispherical shape or a convex lens shape. The lens tilt of the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a may have an angle θ1 smaller than the total reflection critical angle of 42 degrees (see Figure 5 ) to prevent total reflection from occurring. For example, the tilt of the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a may have an angle greater than 35 degrees and less than 40 degrees.

[0069] Layers with different refractive indices are stacked above the light-emitting element 140. In this case, in the light emitted from the light-emitting element 140, light that is totally reflected according to the difference in refractive indices between the stacked layers and cannot be emitted to the outside may be generated. As the amount of light that cannot be emitted to the outside due to total reflection increases, the brightness may decrease, resulting in deterioration of the product quality of the display device. Therefore, one of the methods for improving total reflection of light is a microlens array (MLA). The microlens array MLA has a structure that changes the light path by arranging a plurality of microlenses to improve the light extraction efficiency.

[0070] However, even when a plurality of microlenses are provided, there is a problem of light loss caused by total reflection. Hereinafter, reference will be made to Figure 4 for a description thereof. In Figure 4 , for ease of description, a bottom emission type in which light is emitted toward the substrate SUB is described as an example, but this specification is not limited thereto. For example, the same method can be applied to the top emission type.

[0071] Referring to Figure 4 , the microlens array MLA and the light-emitting element ED are provided on the substrate SUB in the direction from the bottom to the top. The microlens array MLA may have a shape in which concave lenses continuously extend toward the substrate SUB. When the lens tilt of the microlens array MLA has an angle θ less than 35 degrees with respect to the surface of the substrate SUB (see Figure 4 (a)), the light L1 is emitted toward the substrate SUB, but since some of the light L2 emitted from the light-emitting element ED moves laterally due to the waveguide phenomenon, light loss may occur in the light emitted toward the substrate SUB as the emission area EA.

[0072] In addition, when the lens tilt of the microlens array MLA has an angle θ greater than 42 degrees with respect to the surface of the substrate SUB (see Figure 4In (c) thereof, since waveguide phenomenon does not occur, some of the light L1 in the light emitted from the light-emitting element ED can be emitted toward the substrate SUB. In addition, since the angle of the microlens array MLA becomes greater than 42 degrees, light loss caused by the lateral movement of some of the light L2 in the light emitted from the light-emitting element ED does not occur. However, some of the light L3 in the light emitted from the light-emitting element ED may not be emitted to the outside due to total internal reflection in the substrate SUB. Therefore, it can be understood that the critical angle at which total internal reflection does not occur is an angle less than 42 degrees.

[0073] That is, when the lens tilt of the microlens array MLA has an angle less than 35 degrees or greater than 42 degrees, the light emission efficiency from the light-emitting element may deteriorate.

[0074] In this regard, when the lens tilt of the microlens array MLA has an angle greater than 35 degrees and less than 40 degrees (35°≤θ≤40°) (see Figure 4 in (b)), since waveguide phenomenon does not occur, the light L1 and L2 emitted from the light-emitting element ED can be emitted toward the substrate SUB. Therefore, the amount of light emitted from the light-emitting element ED to the outside can be increased, thereby improving the light efficiency.

[0075] Therefore, as Figure 5 shown, the lens tilt of the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a according to the embodiment of the present specification can have an angle θ1 less than 42 degrees. Specifically, the lens tilt angle θ1 that can prevent total internal reflection in the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a can be in the range of 35 degrees to 40 degrees. In addition, in one embodiment, the microlens array MLA can have a convex lens shape instead of a concave lens shape that continuously extends toward the substrate SUB, thereby improving total internal reflection.

[0076] In the embodiment of the present specification, since the bank 145 which is provided at the boundary between adjacent sub-pixels SP1 and SP2 (for example, in the non-emission region NEA) and has a protruding columnar shape, color mixing can be prevented. In addition, since the top surface of each of the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a is provided at a position at least equal to or lower than the top surface TS of the bank 145, light leakage phenomenon caused by allowing the light emitted from the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a to transmit to adjacent sub-pixels can be prevented.

[0077] In addition, the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a can be arranged to be in contact with the top surface of the light-emitting element 140. In addition, the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a can be covered with the first encapsulation film 157 and the second encapsulation film 159. Therefore, the overall thickness of the display device can be reduced.

[0078] Meanwhile, in one embodiment of the present specification, although the case where the first lens 147a and the second lens 149a have a convex lens shape has been described, the present specification is not limited thereto. The following description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0079] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to another embodiment of the present specification. In addition, Figure 7 is for describing Figure 6 the angle of the lens. In particular, since Figure 6 includes the same configuration as Figure 3 except for the shape of the lens, repeated descriptions will be omitted or briefly described, and different parts will be described. The same reference numerals may indicate the same components.

[0080] Referring to Figure 6 , the bank 145 may be disposed in a boundary region between the plurality of sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. The bank 145 may have a columnar shape that fills the trench 135 and protrudes from the surface of the cover layer 143 to a predetermined height. In one example, the bank 145 may have a regular tapered shape whose width narrows toward the top surface TS. Accordingly, the sidewall SW of the bank 145 may have an inclined surface. When the bank 145 has a regular tapered shape whose width narrows toward the top surface TS, the area of the light-emitting region EA may increase to the top surface TS where its width narrows.

[0081] The first lens 147b and the second lens 149b having a second shape different from the first shape may be respectively disposed in the sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. The first lens 147b and the second lens 149b are covered with a first encapsulation film 157 and a second encapsulation film 159. The first lens 147b may be disposed on the first sub-pixel SP1, and the second lens 149b may be disposed on the second sub-pixel SP2. The first lens 147b and the second lens 149b may each be disposed in contact with the uppermost surface of the light-emitting element 140.

[0082] The second shape of the first lens 147b and the second lens 149b may be a concave lens shape. The first lens 147b and the second lens 149b may have different heights according to the characteristics of the light emitted from each of the sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. For example, the first lens 147b formed on the first sub-pixel SP1 may have a first height Hb1 from the bottom surface to the top surface of the lens. In addition, the second lens 149b formed on the second sub-pixel SP2 may have a top surface set higher than the top surface of the first lens 147b and have a second height Hb2 greater than the first height Hb1. In one example, the bank 145 may have a height greater than 1.5 μm. When the bank 145 is formed to have a height greater than 1.5 μm, the first lens 147b and the second lens 149b can be easily formed into a concave lens shape.

[0083] The first encapsulation film 157 and the second encapsulation film 159 may include a material having a third refractive index (high refractive index). Here, the material having a high refractive index may be a material having a refractive index greater than the refractive index of air with respect to the refractive index of air of 1. Each of the first lens 147b and the second lens 149b having the second shape may include a material having a first refractive index (low refractive index) different from the third refractive index (high refractive index) of the first encapsulation film 157. The material having a low refractive index may be a material having a smaller refractive index compared to the material having a high refractive index. The third refractive index may have a refractive index greater than the first refractive index.

[0084] The lens tilt of the first lens 147b and the second lens 149b may have an angle θ2 smaller than the critical angle of total reflection of 42 degrees to prevent total reflection from occurring. When the lens tilt is greater than 42 degrees, total reflection may occur, thereby preventing light from being emitted to the outside. Therefore, referring to Figure 7 , the lens tilt of the first lens 147b and the second lens 149b may have an angle θ2 less than 42 degrees. Specifically, the lens tilt angle θ2 that can prevent total reflection in the first lens 147b and the second lens 149b may be in the range of 35 degrees to 40 degrees.

[0085] In another embodiment of the present specification, since the bank 145 is provided at the boundary between adjacent sub-pixels SP1 and SP2 and has a protruding columnar shape, color mixing can be prevented. In addition, the area of the emission region EA can be increased due to the bank 145 having a regular tapered shape with its width narrowing toward the top surface.

[0086] In addition, since the top surfaces of each of the first lens 147b and the second lens 149b are disposed at positions that are at least equal to or lower than the top surface TS of the bank 145, light leakage caused by allowing light emitted from the first lens 147b and the second lens 149b to transmit to adjacent sub-pixels can be prevented.

[0087] In addition, the first lens 147b and the second lens 149b may be disposed in contact with the top surface of the light-emitting element 140. In addition, the first lens 147b and the second lens 149b may be covered with a first encapsulation film 157 and a second encapsulation film 159. Accordingly, the overall thickness of the display device can be reduced.

[0088] Meanwhile, in the embodiments of the present specification, a case where the lens disposed corresponding to each of the plurality of sub-pixels has one of the shapes of a convex lens or a concave lens has been described, but the present specification is not limited thereto. The following description will be made with reference to the drawings.

[0089] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to another embodiment of the present specification. In particular, since Figure 8 includes the same configuration as Figure 3 except for the shape of the lens, repeated descriptions will be omitted or briefly described, and different parts will be described. The same reference numerals may indicate the same components. Figure 8 The first sub-pixel SP1, the second sub-pixel SP2, and the third sub-pixel SP3 are shown. The first to third sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 may each emit light of a different color.

[0090] Referring to Figure 8 , the bank 145 may be placed in the boundary region between the plurality of sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3. The bank 145 may be set to have a columnar shape with a regular tapered shape whose width narrows toward the top surface TS. Accordingly, the side wall SW of the bank 145 may have an inclined surface. When the bank 145 has a regular tapered shape whose width narrows toward the top surface TS, the area of the light-emitting region EA may increase to the top surface TS where the width narrows. The surface modification pattern 150 may be provided on the top surface TS of the bank 145. The surface modification pattern 150 may include a material having hydrophilic properties.

[0091] In sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3, a first lens 200, a second lens 210, and a third lens 220 having a first shape and a second shape different from the first shape can be respectively provided. The first lens 200 and the second lens 210 can have the first shape of a convex lens protruding toward color filters 190 and 180. The third lens 220 can have the second shape of a concave lens recessed toward the substrate 100. The first lens 200, the second lens 210, and the third lens 220 can each be provided in contact with the uppermost surface of the light-emitting element 140. The first lens 200 and the second lens 210 can include a material having a high refractive index, and the third lens 220 can include a material having a refractive index relatively lower than that of the first lens 200 and the second lens 210. The lenses can all have the same shape, or can have different shapes in any combination. An example of a higher refractive index is 1.68, and an example of a lower refractive index is 1.4.

[0092] The first lens 200 and the second lens 210 having a convex lens shape can be formed to have different heights in the third sub-pixel SP3 and the second sub-pixel SP2, respectively. For example, the first lens 200 formed on the third sub-pixel SP3 has a first height, and the second lens 210 formed on the second sub-pixel SP2 has a second height lower than the first height. The first lens and the second lens can have the same height.

[0093] The first lens 200, the second lens 210, and the third lens 220 are covered with a first encapsulation film 157 and a second encapsulation film 159. The first encapsulation film 157 can be in contact with the first to third lenses 200, 210, and 220. The first encapsulation film 157 can include a first portion 157a and a second portion 157b. The first portion 157a of the first encapsulation film 157 can cover the third sub-pixel SP3 and the second sub-pixel SP2 in which the first lens 200 and the second lens 210 are provided, and the second portion 157b can cover the first sub-pixel SP1 in which the third lens 220 is provided. The first encapsulation film 157 can include a material having a hydrophilic property.

[0094] The first lens 200 and the second lens 210 contain a material having a high refractive index. Therefore, the first portion 157a of the first encapsulation film 157 covering the first lens 200 and the second lens 210 to emit light in the front direction of the display device can include a material having a low refractive index. In addition, the third lens 220 contains a material having a low refractive index. Therefore, the second portion 157b of the first encapsulation film 157 covering the third lens 220 can include a material having a high refractive index.

[0095] The color filters 170, 180, and 190 may be disposed on the second encapsulation film 159. The color filters 170, 180, and 190 may include a first color filter 170, a second color filter 180, and a third color filter 190. Among the color filters 170, 180, and 190, the first color filter 170 of the first color may be positioned to correspond to the first sub-pixel SP1, the second color filter 180 of the second color may be positioned to correspond to the second sub-pixel SP2, and the third color filter 190 of the third color may be positioned to correspond to the third sub-pixel SP3. In one example, the first color may be red, the second color may be green, and the third color may be blue, but the present specification is not limited thereto.

[0096] According to another embodiment of the present specification, the first to third lenses 200, 210, and 220 respectively disposed in the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 are formed to have different shapes to adjust the light emission efficiency of the light emitted from each sub-pixel.

[0097] Meanwhile, instead of having a columnar shape protruding from the surface of the light-emitting element 140, the bank may be positioned to fill the trench 135 and have a top surface having the same height as the top surface of the light-emitting element 140. The following description will be made with reference to the drawings.

[0098] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to another embodiment of the present specification. In particular, since Figure 9 includes the same configuration as Figure 3 except for the shape of the bank, repeated descriptions will be omitted or briefly described, and different parts will be described. The same reference numerals may indicate the same components. In Figure 9 , for ease of description, only the first sub-pixel SP1 and the second sub-pixel SP2 excluding the third sub-pixel SP3 are shown.

[0099] Referring to Figure 9 , the bank 250 may be disposed in the boundary region between the plurality of sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. The bank 250 may fill the trench 135 and have a surface at the same level as the top surface of the light-emitting element 140. This makes the manufacturing process simpler. For example, when the uppermost surface of the light-emitting element 140 is the cover layer 143, the bank 250 may have the same height as the cover layer 143, and when the second electrode 139 is disposed on the uppermost surface, the bank 250 may have the same height as the second electrode 139.

[0100] The first lens 230 and the second lens 240 having a convex lens shape can be respectively provided in the sub-pixels SP1 and SP2. The first lens 230 and the second lens 240 are covered with a first encapsulation film 157 and a second encapsulation film 159. The first lens 230 can be provided on the first sub-pixel SP1, and the second lens 240 can be provided on the second sub-pixel SP2. The first lens 230 and the second lens 240 can each be provided in contact with the uppermost surface of the light-emitting element 140. The first lens 230 and the second lens 240 can have different thicknesses. For example, the second lens 240 can have a greater thickness than the first lens 230. The lens inclination of the first lens 230 and the second lens 240 can be 35 degrees to 40 degrees, and this angle is less than the total reflection critical angle of 42 degrees to prevent total reflection from occurring.

[0101] Since the bank 250 contains a hydrophobic material, the first lens 230 and the second lens 240 containing a hydrophilic material do not flow onto the bank 250 and can be provided at a distance from the top surface of the bank 250.

[0102] A surface modification pattern 251 can be provided on the top surface of the bank 250. The surface modification pattern 251 can include a hydrophilic material. Therefore, the adhesion strength between the first encapsulation film 157 and the surface modification pattern 251 can be increased, thereby preventing the first encapsulation film 157 from peeling off.

[0103] The color filters 170, 180, and 190 corresponding to the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 one by one can be provided on the second encapsulation film 159. The color filters 170, 180, and 190 can include a first color filter 170, a second color filter 180, and a third color filter 190. Among the color filters 170, 180, and 190, the first color filter 170 of the first color can be positioned corresponding to the first sub-pixel SP1, and the second color filter 180 of the second color can be positioned corresponding to the second sub-pixel SP2. In addition, although not shown for convenience of description, the third color filter 190 of the third color can be positioned corresponding to the third sub-pixel, which is another sub-pixel adjacent to each of the first sub-pixel SP1 and the second sub-pixel SP2. Here, the first color can be red, the second color can be green, and the third color can be blue, but the present specification is not limited thereto.

[0104] According to another embodiment of the present specification, the convenience of processing (being simpler to manufacture) can be improved by forming a bank 250 that contains a hydrophobic material to fill the trench 135 and has a top surface having the same height as the top surface of the light-emitting element 140.

[0105] Figures 10 to 15 It is a view for describing a method of manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification. In particular,Figures 10 to 15 is a cross-sectional view of the processing of a display device for implementing Figure 8 , and reference numerals identical to those in Figure 8 's drawings may represent the same components.

[0106] Referring to Figure 10 , a plurality of transistors TR may be provided on the substrate 100. The substrate 100 may include a silicon wafer. In one embodiment, the substrate 100 may include glass or plastic.

[0107] The transistor TR may include a semiconductor layer 103, a gate insulating layer 105, a gate electrode 107, and source / drain electrodes 115. The gate insulating layer 105 may be provided between the semiconductor layer 103 and the gate electrode 107. The semiconductor layer 103 may include a channel region 103a, a source region 103b, and a drain region 103c. The gate electrode 107 may be positioned on the gate insulating layer 105 and be positioned to vertically overlap the channel region 103a.

[0108] The drain region 103c of the transistor TR may contact the source / drain electrode 115 that fills the contact hole 113 passing through the interlayer insulating layer 109, the first passivation layer 111, and the gate insulating layer 105.

[0109] A planarization layer 125 may be provided on the first passivation layer 111 and the source / drain electrodes 115. The planarization layer 125 is used to planarize the steps caused by the lower circuit elements including the driving transistor TR. The planarization layer 125 may be multi-layered. For example, the planarization layer 125 may have a structure in which a first planarization layer 120 and a second planarization layer 123 are stacked. The first planarization layer 120 or the second planarization layer 123 may contain one or more of organic insulating materials such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, or polyimide resin, but is not limited thereto.

[0110] Referring to Figure 11 , a light-emitting element 140 is formed on the lower structure in which the transistor TR is provided.

[0111] More specifically, a first electrode 130 is formed in each of the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 on the planarization layer 125. The first electrode 130 may be electrically connected to the source / drain electrode 115 of the transistor TR through a contact electrode 129 that fills the contact hole 127. The exposed area of the first electrode 130 may be an emission area that emits light to the outside.

[0112] The first electrode 130 may include a transparent metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). Alternatively, the first electrode 130 may include a single-layer or multi-layer structure including a reflective metal film made of silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and their compounds. The first electrode 130 may also be referred to as a pixel electrode or an anode electrode.

[0113] Next, a fence 133 covering the edge of the first electrode 130 is formed. The fence 133 is used to prevent the end (or edge) of the first electrode 130 from being exposed to the outside. For example, the fence 133 may be made of an insulating material.

[0114] Grooves 135 may be formed in the boundary regions between the plurality of sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3. For example, each groove 135 may include a boundary region between the first sub-pixel SP1 and the second sub-pixel SP2, a boundary region between the second sub-pixel SP2 and the third sub-pixel SP3, and a boundary region between the third sub-pixel SP3 and the first sub-pixel SP1.

[0115] The grooves 135 may extend to a predetermined depth of the planarization layer 125. For example, the grooves 135 may pass through the second planarization layer 123 and extend to a predetermined region of the first planarization layer 120.

[0116] Next, an organic light-emitting layer 137 may be formed on the first electrode 130. The organic light-emitting layer 137 may be formed on the entire surface of the substrate 100 while covering the exposed surface of the first electrode 130. Thus, the organic light-emitting layer 137 may have a continuously curved shape (following the grooves) along the shape of the grooves 135. In one example, the organic light-emitting layer 137 may include an organic material that emits white light. The organic light-emitting layer 137 may include a stacked structure including a hole transport layer HTL, an emission layer EML, an electron transport layer ETL, a hole blocking layer HBL, a hole injection layer HIL, an electron blocking layer EBL, and an electron injection layer EIL.

[0117] A second electrode 139 may be formed on the organic light-emitting layer 137. The second electrode 139 may be continuously formed on the entire surface of the substrate 100 along the shape of the organic light-emitting layer 137. Thus, the second electrode 139 may have a curved and uneven shape.

[0118] The second electrode 139 may include a semi-transmissive metal material. For example, the second electrode 139 may include magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), or an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag).

[0119] A light-emitting element 140 including a first electrode 130, an organic light-emitting layer 137, and a second electrode 139 can be formed. When a voltage is applied to the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 139 through a selected signal, the light-emitting element 140 can emit light through the emission region EA of each of the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 by recombination of holes injected from the first electrode 130 and electrons injected from the second electrode 140.

[0120] A cover layer 143 serving as a protective layer can be formed on the second electrode 139. Since the cover layer 143 is formed along the shape of the second electrode 139, the cover layer 143 can have a curved and uneven shape. The cover layer 143 can include an insulating material. For example, the cover layer 143 can include aluminum oxide (AlO x ) formed by using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method.

[0121] In addition, a bank 145 can be formed in a boundary region between the plurality of sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3. The bank 145 serves as a pixel defining layer that divides each of the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3. The bank 145 can have a shape that fills the trench 135 and has a height protruding from the surface of the cover layer 143. Therefore, the bank 145 can prevent light of different colors from being mixed and output to adjacent sub-pixels. In addition, the emission region can be defined by the bank holes 160 of the bank 145. The bank holes 160 can include a first bank hole 160a provided in the second sub-pixel SP2 and the third sub-pixel SP3, and a second bank hole 160b provided in the first sub-pixel SP3.

[0122] The bank 145 can include a hydrophobic material having a low affinity for water molecules. For example, the bank 145 can include an organic insulating film such as polyimide or epoxy resin. In one example, the bank 145 can include one of a black resin, graphite, and black ink.

[0123] Referring to Figure 12 , a first lens 200 and a second lens 210 are formed in the first bank hole 160a of the bank 145. The first lens 200 and the second lens 210 can have a first shape. Specifically, the first lens 200 and the second lens 210 having the first shape are formed on the second electrode 143 of the light-emitting element 140. The first lens 200 and the second lens 210 having the first shape are each formed above the second electrode 143 of the light-emitting element 140 on the second sub-pixel SP2 and the third sub-pixel SP3 except for the first sub-pixel SP1 among the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3.

[0124] The first lens 200 and the second lens 210 having the first shape can be formed by using an inkjet process. For example, an inkjet device is disposed above the substrate 100, and the lens material is dropped from the head of the inkjet device into the first bank hole 160a. The first lens 200 and the second lens 210 having the first shape can be made of a hydrophilic material. Since the banks 145 dividing each of the sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 contain a hydrophobic material, the first lens 200 and the second lens 210 having the first shape are formed in the bank holes 160. The first shape of the first lens 200 and the second lens 210 can be a hemispherical shape or a convex lens shape.

[0125] Since each of the first lens 200 and the second lens 210 has a first refractive index and a convex lens shape, the extraction amount of light emitted from the light-emitting element 140 to the outside can be increased.

[0126] The first lens 200 and the second lens 210 having the first shape can be formed to have different heights in the third sub-pixel SP3 and the second sub-pixel SP2, respectively. For example, the first lens 200 formed on the third sub-pixel SP3 has a first height, and the second lens 210 formed on the second sub-pixel SP2 has a second height lower than the first height.

[0127] Refer to Figure 13 , a third lens 220 is formed in the second bank hole 160b of the first sub-pixel SP1. The third lens 220 can have a second shape different from the first shape of the first lens 200 and the second lens 210. Specifically, the third lens 220 having the second shape is formed on the second electrode 143 of the light-emitting element 140 in the first sub-pixel SP1.

[0128] The third lens 220 having the second shape can be formed by using an inkjet process. For example, an inkjet device is disposed above the substrate 100, and the lens material is dropped from the head of the inkjet device into the second bank hole 160b. The third lens 220 having the second shape can be made of a hydrophilic material. Since the bank 145 dividing the third sub-pixel SP3 includes a hydrophobic material, the third lens 220 having the second shape can be formed in the second bank hole 160b. The second shape of the third lens 220 can be a concave lens shape. The third lens 220 can have a second refractive index.

[0129] Refer to Figure 14, a surface modification pattern 150 is formed on the top surface of the bank 145. The surface modification pattern 150 may have properties different from those of the bank 145 having hydrophobic properties. For example, the surface modification pattern 150 may be a material having hydrophilic properties, which has a high affinity for water molecules. For example, the surface modification pattern 150 may be a hydrophilic organic material, such as a photoresist material, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), but is not limited thereto. In addition, the surface modification pattern 150 may be formed on the top surface of the bank 145 by surface treatment with hydrophilic properties.

[0130] Next, a first encapsulation film 157 is formed on the substrate 100. The first encapsulation film 157 enables the lower structure having steps caused by the first to third lenses 200, 210, and 220 to have a flat surface.

[0131] The first encapsulation film 157 may include a first portion 157a and a second portion 157b. The first portion 157a of the first encapsulation film 157 may cover the third sub-pixel SP3 and the second sub-pixel SP2 in which the first lens 200 and the second lens 210 are disposed, and the second portion 157b may cover the first sub-pixel SP1 in which the third lens 220 is disposed.

[0132] The first portion 157a and the second portion 157b of the first encapsulation film 157 may contain a material having hydrophilic properties. Here, since the surface modification pattern 150 having hydrophilic properties is positioned on the top surface of the bank 145 having hydrophobic properties, the adhesion strength with the first encapsulation film 157 can be increased.

[0133] In one example, the first portion 157a and the second portion 157b of the first encapsulation film 157 may have different refractive indices. For example, the first portion 157a of the first encapsulation film 157 may have a third refractive index smaller than the first refractive index of the first lens 200 and the second lens 210. The second portion 157b of the first encapsulation film 157 may have a fourth refractive index larger than the second refractive index of the third lens 220.

[0134] Referring to Figure 15 , a second encapsulation film 159 is formed on the first encapsulation film 157. The second encapsulation film 159 may be an inorganic insulating film. For example, the second encapsulation film 159 may include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or titanium oxide.

[0135] The color filters 170, 180, and 190 may be disposed on the second encapsulation film 159. The color filters 170, 180, and 190 may be arranged to correspond to the plurality of sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3 one by one. The color filters 170, 180, and 190 may include a first color filter 170, a second color filter 180, and a third color filter 190. Among the color filters 170, 180, and 190, the first color filter 170 using a red pigment may be positioned to correspond to the first sub-pixel SP1, the second color filter 180 using a green pigment may be positioned to correspond to the second sub-pixel SP2, and the third color filter 190 using a blue pigment may be positioned to correspond to the third sub-pixel SP3.

[0136] In an embodiment of the present specification, color mixing may be prevented by the dams 145 that divide the adjacent sub-pixels SP1, SP2, and SP3. In addition, the first to third lenses 200, 210, and 220 may be arranged to be in contact with the second electrode 139. In addition, since the first to third lenses 200, 210, and 220 are disposed between the first encapsulation film 157 and the second electrode 139, the structure may be simplified, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the display device.

[0137] In addition, the optical path may be improved by arranging dams including a hydrophobic material, thereby simplifying the structure of the display device. Therefore, the overall thickness of the display device may be reduced.

[0138] Figures 16 to 18 A head-mounted display device including a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification is shown. Specifically, Figure 16 is a schematic perspective view of a head-mounted display device including a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification, and Figure 17 is a top view showing a head-mounted display device for realizing virtual reality. In addition, Figure 18 is a side view of a head-mounted display device for realizing augmented reality.

[0139] Referring to Figure 16 , a head-mounted display device including a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification may include a housing part 30 and a head mounting band 40.

[0140] The housing part 30 includes components such as a display device, a lens array, an eyepiece, a sound device, an accelerometer, and a position sensor therein. The head mounting band 40 is fixed to the housing part 30. It is illustrated that the head mounting band 40 is formed to surround the upper surface and two side surfaces of the user's head, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The head mounting band 40 is used to fix the head-mounted display device to the user's head. In another example, the head mounting band 40 may be a spectacle frame (the frame of a pair of glasses) or a helmet-shaped structure that completely surrounds the user's head.

[0141] A head-mounted display device can provide each of an image for realizing virtual reality (VR) or an image for realizing augmented reality (AR) to a user by including a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification described in Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 or Figure 9 . Referring to Figure 17 , a head-mounted display device for realizing VR may include a left-eye display device 31, a right-eye display device 32, a lens array 33, a left-eye eyepiece 35a, and a right-eye eyepiece 35b. The left-eye display device 31, the right-eye display device 32, the lens array 33, the left-eye eyepiece 35a, and the right-eye eyepiece 35b may be stored in a housing portion 30.

[0142] The left-eye display device 31 and the right-eye display device 32 may display the same image. When the same image is realized on each of the left-eye display device 31 and the right-eye display device 32, the user may view a 2D image through the head-mounted display device. Alternatively, the left-eye display device 31 may display an image for the left eye, and the right-eye display device 32 may display an image for the right eye different from the image for the left eye. In this case, the user may view a three-dimensional image through the head-mounted display device. Each of the left-eye display device 31 and the right-eye display device 32 may include one of the above-described display devices and a modified example thereof according to Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 or Figure 9 .

[0143] The lens array 33 may be positioned to be spaced apart from each of the left-eye eyepiece 35a and the left-eye display device 31, and disposed between the left-eye eyepiece 35a and the left-eye display device 31. In other words, the lens array 33 may be positioned in front of the left-eye eyepiece 35a and behind the left-eye display device 31. In addition, the lens array 33 may be positioned to be spaced apart from each of the right-eye eyepiece 35b and the right-eye display device 32, and disposed between the right-eye eyepiece 35b and the right-eye display device 32. In other words, the lens array 33 may be positioned in front of the right-eye eyepiece 35b and behind the right-eye display device 32.

[0144] The lens array 33 may include a microlens array, but is not limited thereto. In one example, the lens array 33 may include a pinhole array. Due to the lens array 33, a magnified image displayed on the left-eye display device 31 or the right-eye display device 32 may be visible to the user. The user's left eye LE may be positioned behind the left-eye eyepiece 35a, and the user's right eye RE may be positioned behind the right-eye eyepiece 35b.

[0145] Referring to Figure 18, the head-mounted display device for implementing AR includes a left-eye display device 31, a lens array 33, a left-eye eyepiece 35a, a transmissive reflector 36, and a transmissive window 37. For ease of description, Figure 18 only the configuration of the left eye is shown, and the configuration of the right eye is the same as or similar to that of the left eye.

[0146] The left-eye display device 31, the lens array 33, the left-eye eyepiece 35a, the transmissive reflector 36, and the transmissive window 37 are stored in a housing portion 30 (see Figure 16 ). The left-eye display device 31 can be disposed on one side, for example, above the transmissive reflector 36, without covering the transmissive window 37. Thus, the left-eye display device 31 can provide an image to the transmissive reflector 36 without covering the external background visible through the transmissive window 37.

[0147] The left-eye display device 31 can include one of a display device according to Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 or Figure 9 and its modified examples. The lens array 33 can be disposed between the left-eye eyepiece 35a and the transmissive reflector 36. The user's left eye is positioned behind the left-eye eyepiece 35a.

[0148] The transmissive reflector 36 is disposed between the lens array 33 and the transmissive window 37. The transmissive reflector 36 can include a reflective surface 36a for transmitting some light and reflecting other light. The reflective surface 36a includes a semi-transmissive metal film. For example, the semi-transmissive metal film can be made of a semi-transmissive metal material such as magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), or an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag). The reflective surface 36a is formed such that the image displayed on the left-eye display device 31 travels to the lens array 33.

[0149] Thus, the user can view both the external background visible through the transmissive window 37 and the image displayed by the left-eye display device 31. That is, since the real background and the virtual image can be made to overlap with each other, the user can regard the real background and the virtual image as one image, and thus AR can be implemented.

[0150] The display device according to an embodiment of the present specification may include: a substrate; a plurality of dams configured to divide a plurality of sub-pixels on the substrate; a light-emitting element disposed on the plurality of sub-pixels; a packaging film disposed above the light-emitting element; and a plurality of lenses disposed between the light-emitting element and the packaging film.

[0151] In the display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, for each of the plurality of sub-pixels that emit light of different colors among the plurality of sub-pixels, the lens may have a different height.

[0152] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the bottom surface of the lens may be in contact with the top surface of the light-emitting element.

[0153] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the light-emitting element may include a first electrode disposed between the banks; an organic light-emitting layer disposed on the first electrode; and a second electrode disposed on the organic light-emitting layer, wherein the organic light-emitting layer may emit white light.

[0154] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the banks may further include a surface modification pattern on their top surfaces, the surface modification pattern including a hydrophilic material, wherein the banks may include a hydrophobic material, and the surface modification pattern may have one surface in contact with the top surface of the banks and another surface facing the one surface and in contact with the encapsulation film.

[0155] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the banks may contain an opaque material.

[0156] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, at least one of the plurality of lenses may have a first shape or one or more of a first shape and a second shape different from the first shape.

[0157] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the first shape may include a hemispherical shape or a convex lens shape, and the second shape may include a concave lens shape.

[0158] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the lens may include a first shape of a hemispherical shape or a convex lens shape, and the lens may have an inclination at an angle greater than 35 degrees and less than 40 degrees with respect to the flat surface of the encapsulation film.

[0159] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the lens may include a first refractive index material, the lens includes a first shape of a hemispherical shape or a convex lens shape, and the encapsulation film may include a second refractive index material having a refractive index relatively smaller than that of the first refractive index material.

[0160] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the lens may include a second shape of a concave lens shape, and the lens may have an inclination at an angle greater than 35 degrees and less than 40 degrees with respect to the flat surface of the uppermost surface of the light-emitting element.

[0161] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the lens may include a first refractive index material, the lens includes a second shape in a concave lens shape, and the encapsulation film covering the lens may include a second refractive index material having a refractive index relatively higher than that of the first refractive index material.

[0162] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the top surface of the lens may be located at a position at least equal to or lower than the top surface of the bank.

[0163] In a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification, the lens may include a second shape in a concave lens shape, and the bank may have a regular tapered shape with a width narrowing towards the top surface.

[0164] A display device according to some embodiments of the present specification may further include trenches provided in a boundary region between a plurality of sub-pixels, and the bank may have a height filling the trenches and a top surface having the same height as the top surface of the light-emitting element.

[0165] A head-mounted display device according to an embodiment of the present specification may include: a housing part; and a head mounting band fixed to the housing part, wherein the housing part includes a left-eye display device, a right-eye display device, a lens array, a left-eye eyepiece, and a right-eye eyepiece, and each of the left-eye display device and the right-eye display device may include a display device according to some embodiments of the present specification.

[0166] According to some embodiments of the present specification, the extraction efficiency of light emitted from the light-emitting element can be improved by arranging lenses having different thicknesses or shapes in each of the plurality of sub-pixels. Due to the improvement of the light extraction efficiency, the light-emitting element can be driven at a low power, thereby reducing production energy.

[0167] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present specification, the optical path can be improved by arranging a bank including a hydrophobic material between the lenses, thereby simplifying the structure of the display device. Therefore, the overall thickness of the display device can be reduced.

[0168] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present specification, by arranging a bank including a hydrophobic material between the sub-pixels, color mixing due to the emission of light emitted from each sub-pixel towards an adjacent sub-pixel can be prevented.

[0169] The effects of the present specification are not limited to the above effects, and those skilled in the art can clearly understand other effects not mentioned based on the above description.

[0170] Although the embodiments of this specification have been described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, this specification need not be limited to these embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the technical spirit of this specification. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in this specification are not intended to limit the technical spirit of this specification, but rather to describe it, and the scope of the technical spirit of this specification is not limited by these embodiments. Therefore, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive.

Claims

1. A display device, comprising: substrate; a plurality of banks, the plurality of banks dividing a plurality of sub-pixels on the substrate; a light emitting element, wherein the light emitting element is disposed on each of the plurality of sub-pixels; A packaging film, wherein the packaging film is arranged above the light emitting element; as well as A plurality of lenses are provided, each lens being arranged between a corresponding light emitting element and the packaging film.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the lenses has a different height for each of the plurality of sub-pixels that emits light of a corresponding different color.

3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: A bottom surface of each lens contacts a top surface of the corresponding light emitting element.

4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: A top surface of each lens is in contact with the packaging film.

5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The light emitting element comprises: a first electrode disposed adjacent to the bank; an organic light-emitting layer disposed on the first electrode; and A second electrode is disposed on the organic light emitting layer.

6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein: The light emitting element further includes a cap layer disposed on the second electrode.

7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: At least one of the banks further comprises a surface modification pattern on a top surface thereof, the surface modification pattern comprising a hydrophilic material, and At least one of the banks includes a hydrophobic material, and the surface modification pattern has a first surface in contact with a top surface of at least one of the banks and a second surface facing the first surface and in contact with the encapsulation film.

8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: At least one of the banks comprises an opaque material.

9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: At least one of the plurality of lenses has a first shape or one or at least two of the plurality of lenses respectively have the first shape and a second shape different from the first shape.

10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein: The first shape includes a hemispherical shape or a convex lens shape, and the second shape includes a concave lens shape.

11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: At least one of the lenses comprises a first shape that is a hemispherical shape or a convex lens shape, and The lens has an inclination at an angle greater than 35 degrees and less than 40 degrees relative to a flat surface of the packaging film.

12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: At least one of the lenses comprises a first refractive index material, the lens comprising a first shape that is a hemispherical shape or a convex lens shape, and The packaging film includes a second refractive index material having a relatively smaller refractive index than that of the first refractive index material.

13. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: At least one of the lenses comprises a second shape that is a concave lens, and The lens has an inclination at an angle greater than 35 degrees and less than 40 degrees relative to a flat surface of an uppermost surface of the light emitting element.

14. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: At least one of the lenses includes a first refractive index material, at least one of the lenses includes a second shape of a concave lens shape, and the packaging film covering the lenses includes a second refractive index material having a relatively larger refractive index than that of the first refractive index material.

15. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The lens has a top surface located at a position at least equal to or lower than a top surface of the bank.

16. A display device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: At least one of the lenses has a top surface located lower than a top surface of an adjacent bank.

17. The display device according to claim 9, wherein: At least one of the lenses comprises a second shape that is a concave lens, and At least one of the banks has a regular tapered shape and a width of the at least one of the banks narrows toward a top surface of the bank.

18. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a groove provided in a boundary region between the plurality of sub-pixels and in conformity with each bank, in, At least one of the banks has a height filling the trench and has a top surface having the same height as a top surface of the light emitting element.

19. A head mounted display device, comprising: Shell part; as well as a head mounting strap secured to the housing portion, Wherein, the shell part includes a left-eye display device, a right-eye display device, a lens array, a left-eye eyepiece and a right-eye eyepiece, wherein each of the left-eye display device and the right-eye display device includes a display device according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

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