A long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments

Abstract

This invention provides a long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments, comprising a double-walled vacuum insulation box, a solar energy replenishment device, a support rod device, and an expansion and fixing device. The double-walled vacuum insulation box achieves efficient heat preservation through a gradient vacuum design and material adaptation between its low-vacuum chamber (outer layer) and high-vacuum chamber (inner layer). The outer shell is made of a low thermal conductivity material, effectively reducing heat loss. The device utilizes solar energy and temperature difference energy from the environment to provide a stable energy supply, ensuring long-term self-sustaining operation. The photovoltaic panels automatically retract under extreme conditions. The device supports the connection of multiple sensors and transmits the collected data to a remote monitoring center via wireless data transmission. This invention can operate self-sustainingly for extended periods in extremely cold environments of -60°C and below, supports large-scale, multi-point wireless network monitoring, and has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring technology, and in particular to a long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments, suitable for extreme low temperature environments of -60℃ and below. Background Technology

[0002] In polar ice and snow environments, temperatures can plummet to as low as -60 degrees Celsius, often accompanied by fierce winds and blizzards. This extreme environment places extremely high demands on data acquisition devices. A self-sustaining data acquisition device is a device capable of independently completing data acquisition, storage, and transmission tasks without human intervention, relying solely on its own power supply and control system. It typically consists of sensors, data acquisition equipment, a data storage and management system, an energy supply system, and a communication module. Conventional data acquisition devices often struggle to function properly in extremely cold environments. Low temperatures increase power consumption, cause mechanical parts to become brittle, and degrade the performance of electronic components. Furthermore, maintaining a stable energy supply for extended periods is difficult, and irreversible damage may occur. In addition, conventional solar photovoltaic panels are highly susceptible to damage under polar winds and snow loads, further limiting the application of conventional data acquisition devices. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a data acquisition device capable of stable operation in the extreme low-temperature environments of polar regions. This device should possess the following key features: stable operation at temperatures as low as -60 degrees Celsius or even lower; support for multiple sensor inputs to achieve real-time monitoring of various environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and pressure; low-power design and efficient insulation system, equipped with an automatic photovoltaic panel retraction protection device under extreme conditions to ensure long-term self-sustaining operation; and reliable wireless data transmission capability, enabling real-time transmission of collected data to a remote monitoring center to meet the needs of large-scale, multi-point wireless network monitoring, providing strong support for scientific research and monitoring work in extremely cold environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments. It achieves efficient heat preservation through a gradient vacuum design and material adaptation between the low-vacuum chamber (outer layer) and high-vacuum chamber (inner layer) of a double-walled vacuum insulation box. The outer shell is made of a low thermal conductivity material, effectively reducing heat loss. The device utilizes solar energy and thermal energy from the environment to provide a stable energy supply, ensuring long-term self-sustaining operation. The photovoltaic panels automatically retract under extreme conditions. The device supports the connection of multiple sensors and transmits the collected data to a remote monitoring center via wireless data transmission. It can operate self-sustainingly for extended periods in extremely cold environments of -60°C and below.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments includes a double-walled vacuum insulated box, a solar energy replenishment device, a support rod device, an expansion fixing device, an energy replenishment system, and a wireless network monitoring system. The double-walled vacuum insulated box is located inside a double-walled vacuum insulated box support frame at the upper end of the support rod device, and the solar energy replenishment device is installed above it. The expansion fixing device is located at the bottom end of the support rod device and fixes the entire self-sustaining data acquisition device.

[0006] Furthermore, the double-walled vacuum insulation box includes a low-vacuum outer cavity, a high-vacuum inner cavity, a Koch snowflake-shaped support frame, and a high-resistance power interface; the low-vacuum outer cavity and the high-vacuum inner cavity are two independent cavities separated by the Koch snowflake-shaped support frame; the high-resistance power interface is in contact with the low-resistance power supply interface of the solar energy replenishment device; the heating film is located at the bottom of the double-walled vacuum insulation box and is used to replenish heat loss.

[0007] Furthermore, the solar energy replenishment device includes a central photovoltaic panel, photovoltaic side panels, an upper frame, a lower frame, an upper frame support plate, a lower frame support plate, a motor unit, a drive shaft, a side plate traction screw, a side plate slider, a low-resistance power supply interface for the solar energy replenishment device, a drive shaft bearing, a side plate traction screw bearing, a limit frame, a gear nut, a motor gear, and a motor. The upper frame has a central photovoltaic panel fixed to one side, and pulleys installed at its side corners are slidably connected to the side of the lower frame, allowing the side corners to slide along the lower frame side. The upper end of the lower frame support plate is hinged to the middle of the upper frame support plate on the side of the upper frame, and the lower end is hinged to the side corner of the lower frame. The upper frame, upper frame support plate, lower frame support plate, and lower frame together form a crank-slider mechanism to realize the opening and closing of the solar energy replenishment device.

[0008] Furthermore, two photovoltaic side panels are located below the central photovoltaic panel. Each side panel has a slider at its lower end that engages with a side panel traction screw to slide along the lower surface of the central photovoltaic panel. Both the drive shaft and the side panel traction screws have bevel gears at one end. The drive shaft bevel gear drives the driven bevel gears on the two side panel traction screws, which are mounted in a limiting frame on the upper frame in a "T" arrangement. The drive shaft is horizontally positioned, and the two side panel traction screws are vertically mounted on either side, with their axes forming a 90° angle with the drive wheel. When the drive shaft rotates, the bevel gears mesh, causing the two side panel traction screws to rotate in opposite directions. The rear half of the drive shaft is a threaded rod, and its front end engages with a drive shaft bearing via a shoulder, axially fixed within the limiting frame to prevent axial movement during rotation, allowing the limiting frame to move axially with the drive shaft. The motor unit includes a gear nut, a motor gear, and a motor. The motor drives the front motor gear to rotate by rotating forward and backward. The motor gear drives the gear nut on the drive shaft to rotate, and the internal thread of the gear nut further drives the drive shaft to rotate. Since the axis of the gear nut is fixed, the drive shaft moves along the axis while rotating. Under the action of the limit frame, the side corner of the upper frame slides along the side of the lower frame. The hinge between the lower frame support plate and the lower frame integrates a pressure sensor to monitor the stress state of the structure in real time. The hinge is the main stress node. Setting a pressure sensor here can directly sense abnormal loads on the frame structure, trigger the motor unit to drive the drive shaft to rotate, drive the side plate to drive the lead screw to rotate, realize the photovoltaic side plate to retract to the retracted position under the central photovoltaic panel, and close the upper frame to the closed state.

[0009] Furthermore, the support rod device includes a double-walled vacuum insulation box support frame, a first support rod, support legs, a second support rod, and fixing pins. The support rod device includes four mounting holes at four right angles on the upper surface of the double-walled vacuum insulation box support frame for fixing the solar energy supplementation device. The low-resistance power supply interface of the solar energy supplementation device contacts the high-resistance power interface on the double-walled vacuum insulation box through the mounting holes. The upper end of the first support rod is fixed to the double-walled vacuum insulation box support frame, and the lower end is hinged to three support legs. The support legs have a 120° sector cross-section, with a circular hole at the bottom for fixing to the ground or the upper end of the second support rod via fixing pins. The radius of the second support rod is the same as the inner radius of the support leg, and it is connected to the support leg via fixing pins, thereby increasing the overall height of the device.

[0010] Furthermore, the expansion fixing device includes a fixed plate, limiting rails, a second support rod end sleeve, a connecting arm, a support block, a fixing pin, and a spiral punch. The fixed plate has three limiting rails arranged in a circular array to restrict the movement of the support block. The second support rod end sleeve passes through the central hole of the fixed plate, and a spiral punch is installed at the end. It is connected to three support blocks through the connecting arm. The expansion and contraction of the expansion fixing device is realized by the movement of the second support rod end sleeve along the axis. Finally, it is fixed by inserting the fixing pin into the limiting rail.

[0011] Furthermore, the energy replenishment system includes a light energy conversion module that converts ambient light energy into DC power; an energy storage module connected to the light energy conversion module and integrating a low-pass filter circuit for stable output; a multi-channel sensor signal acquisition module containing digital and analog signal acquisition units, supporting simultaneous acquisition of multiple sensor signals; a controller that analyzes sensor data priority in real time through a dynamic energy management algorithm to regulate energy allocation; a wireless communication module that supports multiple communication protocols and enables remote data transmission through an external antenna; and an environmental adaptation module that triggers system mode switching based on light intensity, temperature, and humidity data, activating a power-saving mode and shutting down unnecessary power supply channels in low light conditions, thereby achieving efficient energy management and adaptive operation in complex environments.

[0012] Furthermore, the wireless network monitoring system includes a data acquisition station, at least three data acquisition devices integrating environmental sensors, at least two relay nodes with data buffer units, a terminal with a data visualization interface, and a wireless communication module supporting multi-hop communication. The data acquisition station receives and integrates the raw data from each data acquisition device through the wireless communication module, the relay nodes forward the data step by step in a multi-level topology, and the terminal acquires and processes the data through the last-level relay node.

[0013] A long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step a: The device adjusts its overall height using the second support rod and fixing pin of the support rod device to adapt to different snow environments; the expansion fixing device is operated to make the support block expand radially along the limit rail, embedding it into the ice and snow layer to achieve anchoring; subsequently, the motor unit drives the crank slider mechanism to unfold the solar energy replenishment device, and the photovoltaic side plate slides out to the maximum unfolded area through the side plate pulling the screw, completing the physical connection between the high-resistance power interface of the double-wall vacuum insulation box and the low-resistance power supply interface of the solar energy replenishment device; during the system initialization phase, the energy replenishment system starts the self-test process, the light energy conversion module verifies the photovoltaic output, the energy storage module activates the low-pass filter circuit, and the environmental adaptation module synchronously initializes the temperature and humidity sensor to ensure the stability of the vacuum chamber structure;

[0015] Step b: The energy replenishment system converts solar energy into electrical energy through the solar energy conversion module, and the energy storage module uses a low-pass filter circuit to stabilize the output; the controller allocates energy in real time according to the dynamic energy management algorithm, giving priority to powering the core sensors; the environmental adaptation module switches the operating mode according to the light intensity, and triggers the photovoltaic side panel closing protection mechanism under extreme conditions; the double-wall vacuum insulation box isolates the external low temperature through the vacuum chamber to ensure the normal operation of the internal equipment in the extremely cold environment;

[0016] Step c: The multi-channel sensor signal acquisition module synchronously acquires digital and analog signals. The wireless network monitoring system constructs a multi-level communication network through data acquisition devices, relay nodes, and data acquisition stations. The relay nodes use a multi-hop communication protocol to forward data level by level and activate local buffering when the signal strength is insufficient. The terminal integrates and processes data through a visual interface to achieve remote monitoring. The system optimizes energy allocation through periodic status assessment to ensure long-term self-sustaining operation.

[0017] 1. Excellent thermal insulation performance: The double-wall vacuum insulation box of this invention adopts a combination of double-wall vacuum structure and polyurethane insulation material. The low vacuum chamber (outer layer) and high vacuum chamber (inner layer) of the double-wall vacuum insulation box achieve efficient thermal insulation through gradient vacuum design and material adaptation. The outer shell is made of low thermal conductivity material, which effectively reduces heat loss. Even in extremely cold environments of -60℃ and below, the internal temperature of the device can remain stable, ensuring the normal operation of electronic components and sensors and the durability of the device.

[0018] 2. Koch Snowflake-Shaped Bionic Hierarchical Support Structure: The support structure fully adopts the Koch snowflake shape, mimicking the microscopic crystal structure of polar ice. The Koch snowflake is a rotationally symmetric closed curve, and its continuous annular support frame forms an internal force closed loop. When one side is squeezed by ice and snow, adjacent branches quickly reconstruct the internal force distribution through rigid connection, and use symmetry to achieve dynamic stress balance, ensuring the structural stability of the double-walled vacuum insulation box cavity and achieving structural reinforcement.

[0019] 3. Ultra-low power consumption design: This invention significantly reduces device power consumption and extends service life by optimizing circuit design and selecting low-power components. Simultaneously, the internal acquisition module uses intermittent power supply control, disconnecting power to the internal module when not in data acquisition mode, thus consuming no battery power and maximizing the device's operating time.

[0020] 4. Solar and thermoelectric energy replenishment: This invention utilizes solar and thermoelectric energy in the environment to provide a stable energy supply for the device. At the same time, the high-resistance power interface has a different resistance than the low-resistance power supply interface of the solar energy replenishment device, which compensates for heat loss at the interface and ensures long-term self-sustaining operation. In addition, the photovoltaic panel automatically retracts under extreme conditions through an automatic retraction device, which automatically retracts the photovoltaic panel when the wind is too strong.

[0021] 5. Meets the requirements for various sensor access and wireless data transmission: Supports access to multiple sensors and transmits the collected data to the remote monitoring center via wireless data transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device in extremely cold and snowy environments.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the retracted structure of a long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device in an extremely cold and snowy environment.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exterior of a double-walled vacuum insulation box;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a double-walled vacuum insulation box.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the solar energy replenishment device in its deployed state.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the solar energy replenishment device in its retracted state.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the support rod device;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion fixing device;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an energy replenishment system;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless networking monitoring system;

[0033] In the picture:

[0034] 1-Double-wall vacuum insulated box; 2-Solar energy replenishment device; 3-Support rod device; 4-Expansion fixing device.

[0035] 101-Low vacuum outer cavity; 102-High vacuum inner cavity; 103-Koch snowflake-shaped support frame; 104-High resistance contact port; 105-Heating film;

[0036] 201-Central photovoltaic panel; 202-Photovoltaic side panel; 203-Upper frame; 204-Lower frame; 205-Upper frame support plate; 206-Lower frame support plate; 207-Motor unit; 208-Drive shaft; 209-Side plate traction screw; 210-Side plate slider; 211-Solar energy supplementation device low resistance power supply interface; 212-Drive shaft bearing; 213-Side plate traction screw bearing; 214-Limit frame; 215-Gear nut; 216-Motor gear; 217-Motor;

[0037] 301-Double-wall vacuum insulation box support frame; 302-First support rod; 303-Support leg; 304-Second support rod; 305-Fixing pin;

[0038] 401-Fixed plate; 402-Limiting rail; 403-Second support rod end sleeve; 404-Connecting arm; 405-Support block; 406-Fixed pin; 407-Spiral punch. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] The following is based on the appendix Figure 1-11 The present invention will be described in detail in the appendix. Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 and attached Figure 3 This invention provides a long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments, comprising a double-walled vacuum insulated box 1, a solar energy replenishment device 2, a support rod device 3, an expansion fixing device 4, an energy replenishment system, and a wireless network monitoring system; the double-walled vacuum insulated box 1 is located inside a double-walled vacuum insulated box support frame 301 at the upper end of the support rod device 3, and the solar energy replenishment device 2 is installed above it; the expansion fixing device 4 is located at the bottom end of the support rod device 3, fixing the entire self-sustaining data acquisition device.

[0041] See appendix Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 The double-walled vacuum insulation box 1 includes a low-vacuum outer cavity 101, a high-vacuum inner cavity 102, a Koch snowflake-shaped support frame 103, and a high-resistance power interface 104; the low-vacuum outer cavity 101 and the high-vacuum inner cavity 102 are two independent cavities, separated by the Koch snowflake-shaped support frame 103; the high-resistance power interface 104 is in contact with the low-resistance power supply interface 211 of the solar energy supplementation device; the heating film is located at the bottom of the double-walled vacuum insulation box 1 and is used to supplement heat loss.

[0042] See appendix Figure 6 The solar energy replenishment device 2 includes a central photovoltaic panel 201, photovoltaic side panels 202, an upper frame 203, a lower frame 204, an upper frame support plate 205, a lower frame support plate 206, a motor assembly 207, a drive shaft 208, a side panel traction screw 209, a side panel slider 210, a low-resistance power supply interface 211 for the solar energy replenishment device, a drive shaft bearing 212, a side panel traction screw bearing 213, a limiting frame 214, a gear nut 215, a motor gear 216, and a motor 217; the upper... A central photovoltaic panel 201 is fixed to one side of the frame 203, and pulleys are installed on the side corners to slide along the side of the lower frame 204. The side corners can slide along the side of the lower frame 204. The upper end of the lower frame support plate 206 is hinged to the middle position of the upper frame support plate 205 on the side of the upper frame 203, and the lower end is hinged to the corner of the lower frame 204. The upper frame 203, the upper frame support plate 205, the lower frame support plate 206, and the lower frame 204 constitute a crank-slider mechanism to realize the opening and closing of the solar energy replenishment device 2.

[0043] See appendix Figure 7The photovoltaic side panels 202 are located below the central photovoltaic panel 201 and consist of two panels. Each side panel has a slider 210 at its lower end, which, in conjunction with a side panel traction screw 209, slides along the lower surface of the central photovoltaic panel 201. Both the drive shaft 208 and the side panel traction screw 209 have bevel gears at one end. The bevel gear on the drive shaft 208 drives the driven bevel gears on the two side panel traction screws 209, which are mounted within a limiting frame 214 on the upper frame 203, arranged in a "T" shape. The device is placed horizontally, with two side plate traction screws 209 vertically mounted on both sides. Their axes are at 90° to the drive wheel. When the drive shaft 208 rotates, it drives the two side plate traction screws 209 to rotate in opposite directions via bevel gear engagement. The rear half of the drive shaft 208 is a threaded rod, and its front end engages with the drive shaft bearing 212 via a shoulder, axially fixed within the limiting frame 214 to prevent axial movement during rotation, allowing the limiting frame 214 to move axially along with the drive shaft 208. The motor assembly 20... 7 includes a gear nut 215, a motor gear 216, and a motor 217. The motor 217 drives the front motor gear 216 to rotate by rotating forward and backward. The motor gear 216 drives the gear nut 215 on the drive shaft 208 to rotate. The internal thread of the gear nut 215 further drives the drive shaft 208 to rotate. Since the axis of the gear nut 215 is fixed, the drive shaft 208 will move along the axis while rotating. Under the action of the limit frame 214, the side corner of the upper frame 203 will slide along the side of the lower frame 204. The lower frame support plate 206 and the lower frame 204 are integrated with a pressure sensor to monitor the stress state of the structure in real time. The hinge is the main stress node. The pressure sensor set here can directly sense the abnormal load of the frame structure, trigger the motor group 207 to drive the drive shaft 208 to rotate, drive the side plate to drive the lead screw 209 to rotate, realize the photovoltaic side plate 202 to retract to the position below the central photovoltaic panel 201, and the upper frame 203 closes to the closed state.

[0044] See appendix Figure 8The support rod device 3 includes a double-walled vacuum insulation box support frame 301, a first support rod 302, support legs 303, a second support rod 304, and a fixing pin 305. The support rod device 3 includes four mounting holes at four right angles on the upper surface of the double-walled vacuum insulation box support frame 301 for fixing the solar energy supplementation device 2. The low-resistance power supply interface 211 of the solar energy supplementation device contacts the high-resistance power interface 104 on the double-walled vacuum insulation box 1 through the mounting holes. The upper end of the first support rod 302 is fixed to the double-walled vacuum insulation box support frame 301, and the lower end is hinged to three support legs 303. The support legs 303 have a 120° sector cross-section and a circular hole at the bottom, which is fixed to the ground or the upper end of the second support rod 304 by the fixing pin 305. The radius of the second support rod 304 is the same as the inner radius of the support leg 303, and it is connected to the support leg 303 by the fixing pin 305, thereby increasing the overall height of the device.

[0045] See appendix Figure 9 The expansion and fixing device 4 includes a fixed plate 401, a limiting rail 402, a second support rod end sleeve 403, a connecting arm 404, a support block 405, a fixing pin 406, and a spiral punch. The fixed plate 401 has three limiting rails 402 arranged in a circular array to restrict the movement of the support block 405. The second support rod end sleeve 403 passes through the central hole of the fixed plate 401, and a spiral punch 407 is installed at its end. It is connected to three support blocks 405 through the connecting arm 404. The expansion and contraction of the expansion and fixing device 4 is realized by the movement of the second support rod end sleeve 403 along the axis. Finally, the fixing pin 406 is inserted into the limiting rail 402 for fixation.

[0046] See appendix Figure 10 The energy replenishment system includes a light energy conversion module that converts ambient light energy into DC power; an energy storage module connected to the light energy conversion module and integrating a low-pass filter circuit for stable output; a multi-channel sensor signal acquisition module containing digital and analog signal acquisition units, supporting simultaneous acquisition of multiple sensor signals; a controller that analyzes sensor data priority in real time through a dynamic energy management algorithm and regulates energy allocation; a wireless communication module that supports multiple communication protocols and enables remote data transmission through an external antenna; and an environmental adaptation module that triggers system mode switching based on light intensity, temperature, and humidity data, activating a power-saving mode and shutting down unnecessary power supply channels in low light conditions, achieving efficient energy management and adaptive operation in complex environments.

[0047] See appendix Figure 11The wireless network monitoring system includes a data acquisition station, at least three data acquisition devices with integrated environmental sensors, at least two relay nodes with data buffer units, a terminal with a data visualization interface, and a wireless communication module that supports multi-hop communication. The data acquisition station receives and integrates the raw data from each data acquisition device through the wireless communication module. The relay nodes forward the data step by step in a multi-level topology structure. The terminal acquires and processes the data through the last-level relay node.

[0048] The method of using the long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device in extremely cold and snowy environments described in this invention includes the following three steps:

[0049] Step a: The device adjusts its overall height using the second support rod 304 and fixing pin 305 of the support rod device 3 to adapt to different snow environments; the expansion fixing device 4 is operated to cause the support block 405 to expand radially along the limiting rail 402 and embed itself into the ice and snow layer to achieve anchoring; subsequently, the motor unit 207 drives the crank slider mechanism to unfold the solar energy replenishment device 2, and the photovoltaic side plate 202 slides out to the maximum unfolded area through the side plate pulling the lead screw 209, completing the physical connection between the high resistance power interface 104 of the double-wall vacuum insulation box 1 and the low resistance power supply interface 211 of the solar energy replenishment device; during the system initialization stage, the energy replenishment system starts the self-test process, the light energy conversion module verifies the photovoltaic output, the energy storage module activates the low-pass filter circuit, and the environmental adaptive module synchronously initializes the temperature and humidity sensor to ensure the stability of the vacuum chamber structure;

[0050] Step b: The energy replenishment system converts solar energy into electrical energy through the solar energy conversion module, and the energy storage module uses a low-pass filter circuit to stabilize the output; the controller allocates energy in real time according to the dynamic energy management algorithm, giving priority to powering the core sensors; the environmental adaptation module switches the operating mode according to the light intensity, and triggers the photovoltaic side panel 202 closing protection mechanism under extreme conditions; the double-wall vacuum insulation box 1 isolates the external low temperature through the vacuum chamber to ensure the normal operation of the internal equipment in the extremely cold environment;

[0051] Step c: The multi-channel sensor signal acquisition module synchronously acquires digital and analog signals. The wireless network monitoring system constructs a multi-level communication network through data acquisition devices, relay nodes, and data acquisition stations. The relay nodes use a multi-hop communication protocol to forward data level by level and activate local buffering when the signal strength is insufficient. The terminal integrates and processes data through a visual interface to achieve remote monitoring. The system optimizes energy allocation through periodic status assessment to ensure long-term self-sustaining operation.

[0052] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments, characterized in that: The device includes a double-walled vacuum insulated box (1), a solar energy replenishment device (2), a support rod device (3), an expansion fixing device (4), an energy replenishment system, and a wireless network monitoring system. The double-walled vacuum insulated box (1) is located inside the double-walled vacuum insulated box support frame (301) at the upper end of the support rod device (3), and the solar energy replenishment device (2) is installed above it. The expansion fixing device (4) is located at the bottom end of the support rod device (3) and fixes the entire self-supporting data acquisition device. Two photovoltaic side panels (202) are located below the central photovoltaic panel (201); the upper frame (203), upper frame support plate (205), lower frame support plate (206) and lower frame (204) constitute a crank-slider mechanism to realize the opening and closing of the solar energy supplementation device (2); the motor unit (207) drives the drive shaft (208) to rotate, which drives the side panel to pull the screw (209) to rotate, so that the photovoltaic side panel (202) is retracted to the retracted position below the central photovoltaic panel (201), and the upper frame (203) is closed. The expansion fixing device (4) includes a fixed plate (401), a limiting rail (402), a second support rod end sleeve (403), a connecting arm (404), a support block (405), a fixing pin (406), and a spiral punch (407). The fixed plate (401) has three limiting rails (402) arranged in a circular array to limit the movement of the support block (405). The second support rod end sleeve (403) passes through the central hole of the fixed plate (401), and the spiral punch (407) is installed at the end. It is connected to three support blocks (405) through the connecting arm (404). The expansion fixing device (4) expands and contracts by moving the second support rod end sleeve (403) along the axis. Finally, it is fixed by inserting the fixing pin (406) into the limiting rail (402). The double-walled vacuum insulation box (1) includes a low-vacuum outer cavity (101), a high-vacuum inner cavity (102), a Koch snowflake-shaped support frame (103), a high-resistance power interface (104), and a heating film (105). The low-vacuum outer cavity (101) and the high-vacuum inner cavity (102) are two independent cavities separated by the Koch snowflake-shaped support frame (103). The high-resistance power interface (104) is in contact with the low-resistance power supply interface (211) of the solar energy supplementation device. The heating film is located at the bottom of the double-walled vacuum insulation box (1) and is used to supplement heat loss.

2. The long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar energy supplementation device (2) includes a central photovoltaic panel (201), photovoltaic side panels (202), an upper frame (203), a lower frame (204), an upper frame support plate (205), a lower frame support plate (206), a motor unit (207), a drive shaft (208), a side panel traction screw (209), a side panel slider (210), a low-resistance power supply interface for the solar energy supplementation device (211), a drive shaft bearing (212), and a side panel traction screw bearing (213). The frame (214), gear nut (215), motor gear (216), and motor (217) are included. The upper frame (203) has a central photovoltaic panel (201) fixed on one side, and pulleys are installed on the side corners to slide along the side of the lower frame (204). The side corners can slide along the side of the lower frame (204). The upper end of the lower frame support plate (206) is hinged to the middle position of the upper frame support plate (205) on the side of the upper frame (203), and the lower end is hinged to the corner of the lower frame (204).

3. The long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments according to claim 2, characterized in that, The motor assembly (207) includes a gear nut (215), a motor gear (216), and a motor (217). The motor (217) drives the front motor gear (216) to rotate by rotating forward and backward. The motor gear (216) drives the gear nut (215) on the drive shaft (208) to rotate. The internal thread of the gear nut (215) further drives the drive shaft (208) to rotate. Since the axis of the gear nut (215) is fixed, the drive shaft (208) will move along the axis while rotating. Both the drive shaft (208) and the side plate traction screw (209) are provided with bevel gears at one end. The bevel gear of the drive shaft (208) drives the driven bevel gears on the two side plate traction screws (209) and is installed in the limiting frame (214) on the upper frame (203) in a "T" arrangement. The drive shaft (208) is placed horizontally, and the two side plates The traction screw (209) is vertically installed on both sides, with its axis at 90° to the drive wheel. When the drive shaft (208) rotates, it drives the two side plates to rotate the traction screw (209) in opposite directions through bevel gear meshing. The rear half of the drive shaft (208) is a threaded rod, and its front end is engaged with the drive shaft bearing (212) through a shoulder. It is axially fixed in the limit frame (214) to prevent axial movement during rotation, so that the limit frame (214) can follow the drive shaft (208) to move axially. Under the action of the limit frame (214), the side corner of the upper frame (203) is pulled to slide along the side of the lower frame (204). The lower frame support plate (206) and the lower frame (204) are integrated with a pressure sensor to monitor the stress state of the structure in real time. The hinge is the main stress node. Setting a pressure sensor here can directly sense the abnormal load of the frame structure.

4. The long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support rod device (3) includes a double-wall vacuum insulation box support frame (301), a first support rod (302), a support leg (303), a second support rod (304), and a fixing pin (305); the support rod device (3) includes four mounting holes at four right angles on the upper surface of the double-wall vacuum insulation box support frame (301) for fixing the solar energy supplement device (2); the low-resistance power supply interface (211) of the solar energy supplement device is connected to the high-resistance power interface on the double-wall vacuum insulation box (1) through the mounting holes. (104) Contact; the upper end of the first support rod (302) is fixed to the double-walled vacuum insulation box support frame (301), and the lower end is hinged to three support legs (303); the support leg (303) has a 120° sector cross section, and a round hole is opened at the bottom end to be fixed to the ground or the upper end of the second support rod (304) by fixing pin (305); the radius of the second support rod (304) is the same as the inner hole radius of the support leg (303), and it is connected to the support leg (303) by fixing pin (305) to realize the lifting of the height of the entire device.

5. A long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments according to claim 4, characterized in that, The energy replenishment system includes a light energy conversion module that converts ambient light energy into DC power; an energy storage module that is connected to the light energy conversion module and integrates a low-pass filter circuit for stable output; a multi-channel sensor signal acquisition module that includes digital and analog signal acquisition units and supports simultaneous acquisition of multiple sensor signals; a controller that analyzes sensor data priority in real time and regulates energy allocation through a dynamic energy management algorithm; and a wireless communication module that supports multiple communication protocols and enables remote data transmission through an external antenna. It also includes an environment adaptive module that triggers system mode switching based on light, temperature, and humidity data. In low light conditions, it activates a power-saving mode and shuts down unnecessary power supply channels, achieving efficient energy management and adaptive operation in complex environments.

6. The long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device for extremely cold and snowy environments according to claim 5, characterized in that, The wireless network monitoring system includes a data acquisition station, at least three data acquisition devices with integrated environmental sensors, at least two relay nodes with data buffer units, a terminal with a data visualization interface, and a wireless communication module that supports multi-hop communication. The data acquisition station receives and integrates the raw data from each data acquisition device through the wireless communication module. The relay nodes forward the data step by step in a multi-level topology structure. The terminal acquires and processes the data through the last-level relay node.

7. A method of using the long-term self-sustaining data acquisition device in an extremely cold and snowy environment as described in claim 6, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step a: The device adjusts its overall height by using the second support rod (304) of the support rod device (3) and the fixing pin (305) to adapt to different snow environments; the expansion fixing device (4) is operated to make the support block (405) expand radially along the limiting rail (402) and embed into the ice and snow layer to achieve anchoring; then, the motor unit (207) drives the crank slider mechanism to unfold the solar energy replenishment device (2), and the photovoltaic side plate (202) slides out to the maximum unfolding area through the side plate pulling screw (209), completing the physical connection between the high resistance power interface (104) of the double wall vacuum insulation box (1) and the low resistance power supply interface (211) of the solar energy replenishment device; during the system initialization stage, the energy replenishment system starts the self-test process, the light energy conversion module verifies the photovoltaic output, the energy storage module activates the low-pass filter circuit, and the environmental adaptive module synchronously initializes the temperature and humidity sensor to ensure the stability of the vacuum cavity structure; Step b: The energy replenishment system converts solar energy into electrical energy through the solar energy conversion module, and the energy storage module uses a low-pass filter circuit to output a stable output; the controller allocates energy in real time according to the dynamic energy management algorithm, giving priority to powering the core sensors; the environmental adaptive module switches the operating mode according to the light intensity, and triggers the photovoltaic side panel (202) closing protection mechanism under extreme conditions; the double-wall vacuum insulation box (1) isolates the external low temperature through the vacuum chamber to ensure the normal operation of the internal equipment in the extremely cold environment; Step c: The multi-channel sensor signal acquisition module synchronously acquires digital and analog signals. The wireless network monitoring system constructs a multi-level communication network through data acquisition devices, relay nodes, and data acquisition stations. The relay nodes use a multi-hop communication protocol to forward data level by level and activate local buffering when the signal strength is insufficient. The terminal integrates and processes data through a visual interface to achieve remote monitoring; the system optimizes energy allocation through periodic status assessments to ensure long-term self-sustaining operation.

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