Equipment switching method and device, communication equipment and readable storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a device switching method and device, a communication device and a readable storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of communication, and the device switching method comprises the steps that when a first device meets a first event, a target second device or a target third device is selected; sending a first signaling to the target second device, or sending a second signaling to the target third device; wherein the first signaling is used for indicating that a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device is switched from the fourth device to the target second device to be executed, and the second signaling is used for indicating that a second service between the fifth device and a sixth device is switched from the sixth device to the target third device to be executed. The first service is related to the second service.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of communication technologies, and particularly relates to a device switching method, apparatus, communication device, and readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, during the mobility management and mobility handover processes, it is usually the terminal that actively initiates access to execute the registration process and handover process. However, in the scenario of multi-node backscatter communication, including the bistatic backscatter communication scenario, since the backscatter communication device (such as an Ambient IoT device) cannot actively initiate access, its access process and handover process need to wait for other devices to send control or excitation signals to trigger. Moreover, many backscatter communication devices do not have the ability to measure and report. At the same time, the mobility handover in multi-node backscatter communication involves at least three communication nodes for signaling interaction. Therefore, the existing device switching method in the mobility management process cannot be applied to the backscatter communication devices based on multi-node backscatter communication. In this case, how to achieve device switching in multi-node backscatter communication is an urgent problem to be solved currently. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Embodiments of this application provide a device switching method, apparatus, communication device, and readable storage medium, which can solve the urgent problem of how to achieve device switching in multi-node backscatter communication.

[0004] In a first aspect, a device switching method is provided, which is executed by a first device. The method includes:

[0005] When the first device meets a first event, it selects a target second device or a target third device;

[0006] The first device sends a first signaling to the target second device, or sends a second signaling to the target third device; wherein, the first signaling is used to indicate that a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device is switched from the fourth device to the target second device for execution, and the second signaling is used to indicate that a second service between the fifth device and a sixth device is switched from the sixth device to the target third device for execution, and the first service is related to the second service.

[0007] In a second aspect, a device switching method is provided, which is executed by a second device. The method includes:

[0008] The second device receives a first signaling sent by the first device; wherein, the first signaling is used to indicate that a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device is switched from the fourth device to the second device for execution, the second device is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied, and there is a second service related to the first service between the fifth device and a sixth device.

[0009] In a third aspect, a device switching apparatus is provided, which is applied to a third device and includes:

[0010] The third device receives a second signaling sent by the first device; wherein, the second signaling is used to indicate that a second service between a fifth device and a sixth device is switched from the sixth device to the third device for execution, the third device is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied, and there is a first service related to the second service between the fifth device and a fourth device.

[0011] In a fourth aspect, a device switching apparatus is provided, which is applied to a first device and includes:

[0012] A selection module, configured to select a target second device or a target third device when a first event is satisfied;

[0013] A first sending module, configured to send a first signaling to the target second device or send a second signaling to the target third device; wherein, the first signaling is used to indicate that a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device is switched from the fourth device to the target second device for execution, the second signaling is used to indicate that a second service between the fifth device and a sixth device is switched from the sixth device to the target third device for execution, and the first service is related to the second service.

[0014] In a fifth aspect, a device switching apparatus is provided, which is applied to a second device and includes:

[0015] A fourth receiving module, configured to receive a first signaling sent by the first device; wherein, the first signaling is used to indicate that a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device is switched from the fourth device to the second device for execution, the second device is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied, and there is a second service related to the first service between the fifth device and a sixth device.

[0016] In a sixth aspect, a device switching apparatus is provided, which is applied to a third device and includes:

[0017] A fifth receiving module, configured to receive a second signaling sent by a first device; wherein, the second signaling is used to indicate to switch a second service between a fifth device and a sixth device from the sixth device to a third device for execution, and the third device is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied, and there is a first service related to the second service between the fifth device and a fourth device.

[0018] In a seventh aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores a program or instruction that can run on the processor. When the program or instruction is executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the third aspect are implemented.

[0019] In an eighth aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface. When the communication device is the first device, the processor is configured to select a target second device or a target third device when a first event is satisfied; the communication interface is configured to send a first signaling to the target second device, or send a second signaling to the target third device; or, when the communication device is the second device (i.e., the target second device), the communication interface is configured to receive the second signaling sent by the first device; or, when the communication device is the third device (i.e., the target third device), the communication interface is configured to receive the third signaling sent by the first device; the first signaling is used to indicate to switch a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device from the fourth device to the target second device for execution, the second signaling is used to indicate to switch a second service between the fifth device and a sixth device from the sixth device to the target third device for execution, and the first service is related to the second service.

[0020] In a ninth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided. A program or instruction is stored on the readable storage medium. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the third aspect are implemented.

[0021] In a tenth aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, including at least two of a first device, a second device, a third device, a fourth device, a fifth device, and a sixth device. The first device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the first aspect, the second device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the second aspect, and the third device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the third aspect.

[0022] In an eleventh aspect, a chip is provided. The chip includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to run programs or instructions to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the third aspect.

[0023] In a twelfth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided. The computer program / program product is stored in a storage medium, and the program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the third aspect.

[0024] Through the solution of the embodiments of the present application, when a first event is satisfied by a first device, a target second device or a target third device can be selected, and a first signaling is sent to the target second device, or a second signaling is sent to the target third device. The first signaling is used to instruct to switch a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device from the fourth device to the target second device for execution, and the second signaling is used to instruct to switch a second service between the fifth device and a sixth device from the sixth device to the target third device for execution, thereby realizing the switching of services (such as Internet of Things services) between different devices, solving problems such as how to implement device switching in multi-node backscatter communication, and further meeting the switching of backscatter communication devices (such as Ambient IoT devices) under different multi-node connection topologies, and ensuring the continuity and transmission reliability of Internet of Things services. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1A and Figure 1B and Figure 1C and Figure 1D and Figure 1E are communication architecture diagrams based on backscatter in the embodiments of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a device switching method provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a flowchart of another device switching method provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 is a flowchart of another device switching method provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5A and Figure 5B and Figure 5C and Figure 5D and Figure 5E and Figure 5F andFigure 5G It is a schematic diagram of the communication topology structure in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6A 、 Figure 6B 、 Figure 6C 、 Figure 6D and Figure 6E are schematic diagrams of the communication topology structure in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7A and Figure 7B are schematic diagrams of the communication topology structure in the third embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device switching device provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another device switching device provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another device switching device provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art belong to the scope protected by the present application.

[0037] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, rather than to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are usually of the same type, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, the first object can be one or multiple. In addition, "or" in the present application means at least one of the connected objects. For example, "A or B" covers three scenarios, namely, Scenario 1: including A and not including B; Scenario 2: including B and not including A; Scenario 3: including both A and B. The character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0038] The term "indication" in this application can be either a direct indication (or an explicit indication) or an indirect indication (or an implicit indication). Among them, a direct indication can be understood as that the sender clearly tells the receiver specific information, operations to be performed, or request results, etc. in the sent indication; an indirect indication can be understood as that the receiver determines the corresponding information according to the indication sent by the sender, or makes a judgment and determines the operations to be performed or request results, etc. according to the judgment result.

[0039] It should be noted that the technology described in the embodiments of this application is not limited to the Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system, and can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of this application are often used interchangeably, and the described technology can be used in the above-mentioned systems and radio technologies, as well as in other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes the New Radio (NR) system for example purposes, and uses NR terms in most of the following descriptions, but these technologies can also be applied to systems other than the NR system, such as the 6th Generation (6G) communication system. th Generation, 6G) communication system.

[0040] To facilitate the understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following content is first described.

[0041] Backscatter Communication (BSC) refers to that a backscatter communication device uses radio frequency signals in other devices or the environment for signal modulation to transmit its own information, and it is a relatively typical passive Internet of Things device. The basic constituent modules and main functions of the backscatter communication transmitter include:

[0042] - Antenna unit: used to receive radio frequency signals and control commands, and at the same time used to transmit modulated backscatter signals.

[0043] - Energy harvesting module or power supply module: This module is used for the radio frequency energy harvesting of the backscatter communication device, or other energy harvesting, including but not limited to solar energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, thermal energy, etc. In addition to the energy harvesting module, it may also include a battery power supply module. In this case, the backscatter communication device is a semi-passive device. The energy harvesting module or power supply module powers all other modules in the device.

[0044] - Microcontroller: It includes controlling baseband signal processing, energy storage or data scheduling status, switch switching, system synchronization, etc.

[0045] - Signal receiving module: It is used to demodulate control commands or data sent by the receiving end of the backscatter communication or other network nodes.

[0046] - Encoding and modulation module: Under the control of the controller, it performs channel encoding and signal modulation, and realizes modulation by selecting different load impedances under the control of the controller through a selection switch.

[0047] - Memory or sensing module: It is used to store the identification ID information, location information or sensing data of the device.

[0048] In addition to the above typical constituent modules, the future backscatter communication transmitter can also integrate a tunnel diode amplifier module, a low-noise amplifier module, etc., to improve the receiving sensitivity and transmission power of the transmitter.

[0049] Optionally, the basic constituent modules and main functions of the backscatter communication receiver include:

[0050] - Antenna unit: It is used to receive the modulated backscatter signal.

[0051] - Backscatter signal detection module: It is used to detect the backscatter signal sent by the backscatter communication transmitter, including but not limited to ASK detection, PSK detection, FSK detection or QAM detection, etc.

[0052] - Demodulation and decoding module: It demodulates and decodes the detected signal to recover the original information stream.

[0053] The backscatter communication device controls the reflection coefficient Γ of the modulation circuit by adjusting its internal impedance, thereby changing the amplitude, frequency, phase, etc. of the incident signal to achieve signal modulation. The reflection coefficient Γ can be characterized as:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, Z0 is the antenna characteristic impedance; Z1 is the load impedance; j represents a complex number, and θ T represents the phase. Assuming the incident signal is represented as Sin (t), the output signal is Therefore, by reasonably controlling the reflection coefficient, corresponding amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, or phase modulation can be achieved. Based on this, the backscatter communication device can be a Tag in traditional Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), or a Passive / Semi-passive Internet of Things (IoT) device. Here, the backscatter communication device can be collectively referred to as a BSC device.

[0056] In one implementation, according to the tag capabilities and the sources of capabilities, tags can be classified into:

[0057] - C1 / C2 tags: Passive tags, which obtain energy from the electromagnetic waves sent by the received RFID reader and can only send data outward in the form of backscatter communication;

[0058] - C3 tags: Semi-passive tags. The energy sources such as the tag's own battery only supply the circuits in the RFID tag and do not actively send data signals outward. When it is activated by the electromagnetic waves sent by the RFID reader, it can only send data outward in the form of backscatter communication;

[0059] - C4 tags: Active tags, which rely on energy sources such as their own installed batteries to actively send data outward.

[0060] In another implementation, tags can be classified into:

[0061] - Device A: The tag is a passive tag without a storage capacitor / battery, relying on Radio Frequency (RF) signals for power supply. The received RF signal is the power supply signal for the rectifier. It does not have the ability to generate a carrier and relies on RF as the radio frequency carrier for backscatter communication transmission, with the lowest power consumption;

[0062] - Device B: The tag is a semi-passive tag with a storage capacitor / battery, relying on non-RF signals for power supply. Optionally, it has a PA / LNA or other active devices. It does not have the ability to generate a carrier and relies on RF as the radio frequency carrier for backscatter communication transmission, with the second lowest power consumption;

[0063] - Device C: The tag is an active tag with a storage capacitor / battery, relying on non-RF signals for power supply, having the ability to generate a carrier, and with the highest power consumption.

[0064] Optionally, the backscatter-based communication architecture may include at least the following modes:

[0065] (1) Topology 1: Figure 1A As shown, the base station in Topology 1 is both a radio frequency source or a transmitting device and a receiving device, so Topology 1 is a monostatic backscatter communication system (MBCS) architecture. The traditional RFID system is a typical MBCS, which includes an ambient IoT device (such as a tag) and a reader (such as a base station), and the tag communicates directly with the reader. The reader may have a functional module of a frequency division duplex (FDD) architecture. In Topology 1, the sending device of the control signaling and the receiving device of the backscatter signal are the same device, and the sending device of the RF carrier source can be the same device as the aforementioned device, or it can be an independent device.

[0066] (2) Topology 2: Figure 1B As shown, in Topology 2, an ambient IoT device powered by an environment, such as an Ambient IoT Device (e.g., a Tag), receives control signaling and carrier signals sent by an intermediate node. The control signaling is indicated by a network device (e.g., a base station gNB) through an intermediate node. The intermediate node may be a user equipment UE, a repeater, an IAB node, etc. The intermediate node may also serve as a relay to forward IoT data to the gNB.

[0067] (3) Topology 3: Topology 3 involves a bistatic backscatter communication system (BBCS), in which the RF source, BSC transmitting equipment, and BSC receiving equipment are separate. In Topology 3, ambient IoT devices such as ambient IoT devices (such as tags) send IoT data / uplink signaling to the base station and receive data / signaling sent by auxiliary nodes, such as Figure 1C As shown; or, an ambient device such as an Ambient IoT Device (such as a Tag) sends IoT data / uplink signaling to the auxiliary node and receives data / signaling sent by the base station, such as Figure 1D As shown; the base station communicates with the auxiliary node through the Uu port, and the auxiliary node can be UE, repeater, IAB, etc.

[0068] (4) Topology 4: As shown in Figure 1E , in Topology 4, the UE communicates with the Tag as a Reader. This architecture also belongs to the single - base backscatter communication architecture, but the difference is that the Reader is the UE instead of the base station.

[0069] Optionally, the solutions in this application can be applied to LTE systems, 5G NR systems, and NR evolved systems, such as 6G systems and 6G evolved systems, as well as IEEE 802.11 systems (such as WiFi systems), Bluetooth systems, LoRa systems, Zigbee systems, wireless optical communication systems, low - power communication systems, backscatter communication systems, etc.

[0070] Optionally, the applicable communication architectures for the embodiments of this application can be the above - mentioned Topology2 and Topology3, and the applicable communication systems can be Ambient IoT systems, etc.

[0071] Next, in combination with the accompanying drawings, through some embodiments and their application scenarios, the device switching method, device, communication device, and readable storage medium provided by the embodiments of this application will be described in detail.

[0072] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 , which is a flowchart of a device switching method provided by the embodiments of this application. This method is executed by the first device. As shown in Figure 2 , this method includes the following steps:

[0073] Step 21: When the first device meets the first event, it selects a target second device or a target third device;

[0074] Step 22: The first device sends a first signaling to the target second device or a second signaling to the target third device.

[0075] In the embodiments of this application, the first signaling is used to indicate that the first service between the fourth device and the fifth device is switched from the fourth device to the target second device for execution, and the second signaling is used to indicate that the second service between the fifth device and the sixth device is switched from the sixth device to the target third device for execution.

[0076] The first service is related to the second service and can together constitute a transmission service (such as an Internet of Things service). For example, the first service and the second service can together constitute an uplink transmission service or a downlink transmission service.

[0077] Optionally, the service composed of the first service and the second service may include but is not limited to at least one of the following:

[0078] Inventory-related services; for example, the fourth device / second device conducts an inventory of the fifth device, and requires the fifth device to report identification ID information, EPC numbers, etc.;

[0079] Communication-related services; for example, the fourth device (or second device) / sixth device (or third device) communicates with the fifth device, including, for example, uplink data transmission from the fourth device (or second device) to the fifth device, and uplink data transmission from the fifth device to the sixth device (or third device);

[0080] Positioning services; for example, the sixth device (or third device) conducts ranging and angle measurement services with the fifth device, or the fifth device assists the sixth device (or third device) in positioning;

[0081] Sensing services; for example, the sixth device (or third device) conducts sensing services on the fifth device, including, for example, speed measurement, vibration detection, action or gesture recognition, breathing and heartbeat detection, and other sensing services;

[0082] Control-related services; for example, the fourth device (or second device) sends a control command to the fifth device, requiring the sensors associated with the fifth device to perform corresponding actions.

[0083] Optionally, the devices involved above can be as described below:

[0084] (1) The fifth device can be a backscatter communication device, such as an Ambient IoT device (such as Device A (i.e., passive Tag), Device B (i.e., semi-passive Tag), active backscatter communication device), or an IoT device with the ability to actively generate a carrier (such as an Active Tag device), etc.

[0085] Optionally, the fifth device satisfies at least one of the following at least:

[0086] The fifth device is one of a passive device, a semi-passive device, and an active device;

[0087] The fifth device does not have the ability to measure signals;

[0088] The fifth device does not have the ability to report information.

[0089] (2) The fourth device and the sixth device are devices that are used to perform Internet of Things services (such as Ambient IoT services, including services such as inventory taking, communication, positioning, sensing, or control) with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) before the handover. Among them, the fourth device can be an access network device such as a base station, or a device with wireless signal receiving / transmitting capabilities (such as an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) device, a Repeater, a Relay device, etc.), and the sixth device can be a terminal device such as a UE; or, the fourth device can be an access network device such as a base station, and the sixth device can be a base station, IAB, Repeater, Relay, etc. The fourth device is a device that sends control commands and excitation signals to the Ambient IoT device, and the sixth device is a device that receives signals sent by the Ambient IoT device, that is, at this time, the fourth device and the sixth device are not the same device. This communication architecture can correspond to the above Toploogy1 (different base stations for sending and receiving), Topology 2, Topology3, or Topology4 (different UEs for sending and receiving). In addition, the fourth device can be one or more devices, and the sixth device can also be one or more devices. If there are multiple fourth devices or multiple sixth devices for service transmission with the Ambient IoT device, then multiple fourth devices or multiple sixth devices can all perform service transmission with the Ambient IoT device, and the final data processing can be centrally processed in the Ambient IoT management device (such as an Ambient IoT management function network element or an application server).

[0090] (3) The second device (i.e., the target second device) and the third device (i.e., the target third device) are devices used to perform Ambient IoT services (such as inventory, communication, positioning, sensing, control, etc.) with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) after the handover. Among them, the second device can be an access network device such as a base station, or a device with wireless signal receiving / transmitting capabilities (such as IAB, Repeater, Relay, etc.), and the third device can be a terminal device such as a UE; or, the second device can be an access network device such as a base station, and the third device can be a base station, IAB, Repeater, Relay, etc. The second device is the device that sends control commands and excitation signals to the Ambient IoT device, and the third device is the device that receives the signals sent by the Ambient IoT device. At this time, the second device and the third device are not the same device. This communication architecture can correspond to the above Toploogy1 (different base stations for sending and receiving), Topology 2, Topology3, or Topology4 (different UEs for sending and receiving). The second device can be one or more devices, and the third device can also be one or more devices. If there are multiple second devices or multiple third devices for business transmission with the Ambient IoT device, then multiple second devices or multiple third devices can all perform business transmission with the Ambient IoT device, and the final data processing can be centrally processed in the Ambient IoT management device (such as an Ambient IoT management function network element or an application server).

[0091] Optionally, at least one of the second device and the third device is different from the fourth device and the sixth device, which can be specifically divided into: 1) The second device and the fourth device are not the same device, and the third device and the sixth device can be the same or different devices; 2) The third device and the sixth device are not the same device, and the second device and the fourth device can be the same or different devices; 3) The sixth device and the second device are the same device, and the fourth device and the third device are different devices; 4) The fourth device and the third device are the same device, and the sixth device and the second device are different devices.

[0092] (4) The management device, also known as the Ambient IoT management device, can be any one of a core network management function network element (such as a core network network element for managing Ambient IoT, or a core network management function), a Radio Access Network (RAN) device (such as a management function layer or network element in the access network), a terminal (such as a management function layer in the terminal), and an application server, and can be responsible for at least one function such as handover request processing, resource scheduling, information interaction, data processing, authentication, etc. For example, the core network management function network element can be obtained by upgrading the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) in the existing 5G network, or can be other network function nodes or newly defined network function nodes (such as network nodes specifically for managing Ambient IoT services).

[0093] (5) The first device can meet any of the following: the first device and the fourth device are the same device; the first device and the sixth device are the same device; the first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, and the management device includes at least one of the following: a core network management function network element (or a core network management function), an access network device (such as a management function layer or network element in the access network), a terminal (such as a management function layer in the terminal), an application server (or an Ambient IoT application server).

[0094] Through the solution of the embodiments of the present application, when the first device meets the first event, it can select a target second device or a target third device, and send a first signaling to the target second device, or send a second signaling to the target third device. The first signaling is used to instruct to switch the first service between the fourth device and the fifth device from the fourth device to the target second device for execution, and the second signaling is used to instruct to switch the second service between the fifth device and the sixth device from the sixth device to the target third device for execution, so as to realize the handover of services (such as Internet of Things services) between different devices, solve problems such as how to realize device handover in multi-node backscatter communication, and further meet the handover of backscatter communication devices (such as Ambient IoT devices) under different multi-node connection topologies, and ensure the continuity and transmission reliability of Internet of Things services.

[0095] Optionally, the signaling interaction methods between the second device (i.e., the target second device), the third device (i.e., the target third device), the fourth device, the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device), the sixth device, and the Ambient IoT management device can include but are not limited to the following methods:

[0096] 1) Through the air interface (Uu interface): If one of the fourth device / sixth device and the second device / third device is a base station and the other is a UE, the signaling interaction between the fourth device / sixth device and the second device / third device can adopt this method; if the Ambient IoT management device is located on the RAN side and the fourth device / sixth device or the second device / third device is a UE, the signaling interaction between the fourth device / sixth device or the second device / third device and the Ambient IoT management device can also adopt this method.

[0097] 2) Through the network interface: If the fourth device / sixth device or the second device / third device is a base station, the direct signaling interaction between it and the Ambient IoT management device can adopt this method, such as through the NG interface or the S1 interface; in addition, if both the fourth device / sixth device and the second device / third device are base stations, the signaling interaction between the fourth device and the sixth device can also adopt this method, such as through the Xn interface or the X2 interface, but it belongs to a different network interface from the NG interface or the S1 interface.

[0098] 3) Through the air interface (Uu interface) and / or the network interface: If the fourth device / sixth device or the second device / third device is a UE, the signaling interaction between it and the Ambient IoT management device can adopt this method, that is, the UE needs to first communicate with access network devices such as base stations through the air interface (such as the Uu interface), and then perform signaling interaction through the network between the access network devices such as base stations and the Ambient IoT management device; alternatively, the UE and the Ambient IoT management device interact through Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling.

[0099] 4) Through the sidelink: If both the fourth device / sixth device and the second device / third device are UEs, the direct signaling interaction between the fourth device / sixth device and the second device / third device can adopt this method.

[0100] 5) Through the Xn interface or the X2 interface: If both the fourth device / sixth device and the second device / third device are base stations, the direct signaling interaction between the fourth device / sixth device and the second device / third device can adopt this method.

[0101] 6) Newly defined Ambient IoT air interface: The fourth device / sixth device or the second device / third device communicates with the Ambient IoT device using a newly defined Ambient IoT air interface (different from the Uu interface or the PC5 air interface, etc.).

[0102] 7) Arrangement and combination of the above signaling interaction methods: That is, the signaling interaction between the fourth device / sixth device, the second device / third device, and the Ambient IoT management device can be indirectly signaled (forwarded) through any one or more combinations of the above signaling interactions. For example: If the fourth device / sixth device is a UE and the second device / third device is also a UE, a feasible way for the signaling interaction between the fourth device / sixth device and the Ambient IoT management device is: The fourth device / sixth device first communicates with the second device / third device through Sidelink (or PC5 air interface), and then communicates with the Ambient IoT management device through NAS signaling, thereby realizing the signaling interaction between the second device / third device and the Ambient IoT management device.

[0103] It should be noted that in the above 1) to 7), the fourth device / sixth device can represent the device with scheduling determination function among the fourth device and the sixth device, which can be the fourth device or the sixth device; for example, it can correspond to the auxiliary uplink transmission architecture and the auxiliary downlink transmission architecture in Topology 3. The second device / third device can represent the device with scheduling determination function among the second device and the third device, which can be the second device or the third device.

[0104] Optionally, the above first event may include but is not limited to at least one of the following:

[0105] The first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of the first threshold; the first metric can be a performance metric related to signal strength, signal quality, communication statistics, or device status, etc.; the first threshold can be set based on actual needs and is not limited in this regard; for example, the first metric can characterize the metric of the cascaded channel between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device;

[0106] The second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the second threshold; the second metric can be a performance metric related to signal strength, signal quality, communication statistics, or device status, etc.; the second threshold can be set based on actual needs and is not limited in this regard; for example, the second metric can characterize the metric of the cascaded channel between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device;

[0107] The resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service; for example, at least a part or all of the time, frequency, antenna, power, etc. resources used by the fourth device to execute the first service (such as Ambient IoT service) are occupied by other services and are insufficient to continue executing the first service;

[0108] The resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service; for example, part or all of at least one of the resources such as time, frequency, antenna, and power used by the sixth device to execute the second service (such as Ambient IoT service) are occupied by other services and are insufficient to continue executing the second service;

[0109] The power of the fourth device or the sixth device is insufficient;

[0110] The fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state;

[0111] The fourth device or the sixth device has software or hardware failures.

[0112] In an optionally implemented manner, the first event can be classified by type; for example, it can be classified into three categories, namely: event type 1, which at least includes: the first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of the first threshold, the second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the second threshold, etc.; event type 2, which at least includes: the resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service, the resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service, etc.; event type 3, which at least includes: the power of the fourth device or the sixth device is insufficient, the fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state, the fourth device or the sixth device has software or hardware failures, etc.

[0113] Optionally, the reasons for the occurrence of the above first event may include but are not limited to the movement of the fourth device or the sixth device, the movement of related auxiliary nodes / intermediate nodes (such as UE, IAB, Repeater, Relay, etc.), the change of the channel environment, the long-term operation of the fourth device or the sixth device, etc.

[0114] Optionally, the first signaling can be used for the target second device to determine the signal parameters required for executing the first service (i.e., the service between the fifth device), including but not limited to at least one of the following:

[0115] The requirement information of the first service; for example, this requirement information may include at least one of the following: service type, service quality of service (QoS) requirement, etc.; the service type may at least include at least one of communication services, positioning services, sensing services, asset inventory services, control services, etc.; the service QoS requirement may at least include at least one of communication service QoS requirements, positioning service QoS requirements, sensing service QoS requirements, asset inventory service QoS requirements, control service QoS requirements, etc.;

[0116] Demand information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; for example, this demand information may include at least one of the following: service type, service QoS demand, etc.; the service type may include at least one of at least one of communication services, positioning services, sensing services, asset inventory services, control services, etc.; the service QoS demand may include at least one of at least one of communication service QoS demand, positioning service QoS demand, sensing service QoS demand, asset inventory service QoS demand, control service QoS demand, etc.;

[0117] Prior information of the first service; for example, this prior information may include at least one of the following: prior information about the possible spatial location of the corresponding device, service type or QoS prior information;

[0118] Prior information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; for example, this prior information may include at least one of the following: prior information about the possible spatial location of the corresponding device, service type or QoS prior information;

[0119] Signal parameters required to execute the first service, which may include but are not limited to time-domain resource information, frequency-domain resource information, modulation method, coding method, signal power or reflection coefficient, signal waveform, etc.; for example, if the target second device subsequently sends an excitation signal or a control command, etc., it includes signal parameters related to sending the excitation signal or the control command;

[0120] The device identifier or Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) of the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device that is associated with the fourth device or has a service transmission connection before handover and is associated with the target second device or has a service transmission connection after handover);

[0121] Information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device.

[0122] Optionally, the second signaling may be used for the target third device to determine the signal parameters required to execute the second service (i.e., the service with the fifth device), including but not limited to at least one of the following:

[0123] The demand information of the second service; for example, this demand information may include at least one of the following: service type, service QoS demand, etc.; the service type may include at least one of at least one of communication services, positioning services, sensing services, asset inventory services, control services, etc.; the service QoS demand may include at least one of at least one of communication service QoS demand, positioning service QoS demand, sensing service QoS demand, asset inventory service QoS demand, control service QoS demand, etc.;

[0124] Demand information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; for example, this demand information may include at least one of the following: service type, service QoS demand, etc.; the service type may at least include at least one of communication service, positioning service, sensing service, asset inventory service, control service, etc.; the service QoS demand may at least include at least one of communication service QoS demand, positioning service QoS demand, sensing service QoS demand, asset inventory service QoS demand, control service QoS demand, etc.

[0125] Prior information of the second service; for example, this prior information may include at least one of the following: prior information about the possible spatial location of the corresponding device, service type or QoS prior information.

[0126] Prior information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; for example, this prior information may include at least one of the following: prior information about the possible spatial location of the corresponding device, service type or QoS prior information.

[0127] The signal parameters required to execute the second service may include, but are not limited to, time-domain resource information, frequency-domain resource information, modulation method, coding method, signal power or reflection coefficient, signal waveform, etc.; for example, if the target third device subsequently receives signals from Ambient IoT devices, it includes signal parameters related to Ambient IoT signal reception.

[0128] The device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device that is associated with or has a service transmission connection with the sixth device before handover and is associated with or has a service transmission connection with the target third device after handover).

[0129] Information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device.

[0130] It should be noted that the demand information and prior information for the first service or the second service may optionally be: the demand information and prior information required to execute the service composed of the first service and the second service.

[0131] Optionally, the device handover method in the embodiments of the present application may further include:

[0132] The first device performs at least one of the following: obtaining a first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device, obtaining a second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device; obtaining a third metric of the cascaded link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device; where any one of the first metric, the second metric, and the third metric may include at least one of the following:

[0133] Signal strength information;

[0134] Signal quality information;

[0135] Communication link statistical information;

[0136] An arithmetic value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information;

[0137] A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information. For example, the predicted value can be obtained through a preset prediction algorithm;

[0138] A smoothed filter value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information. For example, the smoothed filter value can be obtained through a preset filter algorithm.

[0139] Optionally, the above signal strength information may include at least one of the following: signal power, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), etc. The above signal quality information may include at least one of the following: Signal Noise Ratio (SNR), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), etc. The above communication link statistical information can be understood as the communication statistical information between corresponding devices. For example, it includes at least one of the following: the number of ACKs, the number of NACKs, Block Error Rate (BLER), Bit Error Ratio (BER), etc.

[0140] Optionally, the above arithmetic value includes at least one of the following:

[0141] Mean value, which can be, for example, the mean value of all sample points within the calculation range, or the mean value after removing the maximum and / or minimum several sample points;

[0142] Variance or standard deviation, which can be, for example, the variance / standard deviation of all sample points within the calculation range, or the variance / standard deviation after removing the maximum and / or minimum several sample points;

[0143] The variance or standard deviation of the residuals, where the residuals (or innovations) refer to, for example, the difference between the measured value of the second communication frame and the predicted value of the second communication frame by the first communication frame, where the second communication frame is after the first communication frame (not necessarily adjacent); the variance / standard deviation can be the variance / standard deviation of all sample points within the calculation range, or the variance / standard deviation after removing the largest and / or smallest several sample points;

[0144] The prediction error covariance can be obtained, for example, based on a prediction algorithm (such as: Kalman filtering);

[0145] The state estimation error covariance can be obtained, for example, based on a filtering algorithm (such as: Kalman filtering).

[0146] It should be noted that for the third indicator of the cascade link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device, it can be determined according to the first indicator between the fourth device and the fifth device, for example, equal to the first indicator; it can also be determined according to the second indicator between the fifth device and the sixth device, for example, equal to the second indicator; it can also be determined according to the first indicator between the fourth device and the fifth device and the second indicator between the fifth device and the sixth device, for example, equal to the mean, weighted value, product, or ratio of the first indicator and the second indicator, etc.; it depends on the specific situation.

[0147] Optionally, any one of the first indicator, the second indicator, and the third indicator is determined based on the signals on the resources of at least one of the following dimensions:

[0148] Time domain dimension, which can be, for example, one or more communication signal periods, or one or more communication frame periods;

[0149] Frequency domain dimension, which can be, for example, one or more resource blocks (Resource Block, RB) resources, or a specified frequency range;

[0150] Code domain dimension, which can be, for example, one or more codewords specified for use;

[0151] Spatial domain dimension, which can be, for example, a specified angle or spatial range, or a precoding vector;

[0152] Energy dimension, which can be, for example, a specified signal amplitude or power range.

[0153] Optionally, the process of obtaining the first indicator between the fourth device and the fifth device can include any one of the following:

[0154] a) If the first device and the fourth device are the same device, the first device obtains first data (i.e., signal-related data, such as RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) based on the signal transmission between the fourth device and the fifth device, and performs a first operation on the first data to obtain the first metric;

[0155] Optionally, the first operation can be, but is not limited to, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, mean calculation, variance calculation, standard deviation calculation, etc. After obtaining the first metric, the first device can send the first metric to a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) for subsequent processing.

[0156] b) If the first device is a management device different from the fourth device (such as an Ambient IoT management function network element or an application server), the first device receives the first data (i.e., signal-related data, such as RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) or the first measurement value from the fourth device, and performs a second operation on the first data or the first measurement value to obtain the first metric; the first data is obtained based on the signal transmission between the fourth device and the fifth device, and the first measurement value is obtained by processing the first data.

[0157] Optionally, the second operation can be, but is not limited to, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, mean calculation, variance calculation, standard deviation calculation, etc. The first measurement value can be obtained by performing an intermediate operation on the first data. For example, after the fourth device obtains the first data based on the received signal, it can directly send the first data to the management device, and the management device performs an operation / processing on the first data to obtain the first metric; or it can first perform an intermediate operation / processing on the first data to obtain the first measurement value, and then send the first measurement value to the management device, and the management device performs an operation / processing on the first measurement value to obtain the first metric.

[0158] Optionally, the process of obtaining the second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device can include any of the following:

[0159] c) If the first device and the sixth device are the same device, the first device obtains second data (i.e., signal-related data, such as RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) based on the signal transmission between the fifth device and the sixth device, and performs a third operation on the second data to obtain the second metric;

[0160] Optionally, the third operation can be, but is not limited to, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, mean calculation, variance calculation, standard deviation calculation, etc. After obtaining the second metric, the first device can send the first metric to a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) for subsequent processing.

[0161] d) If the first device is a management device different from the sixth device (such as an Ambient IoT management function network element or an application server), the first device receives the second data (i.e., signal-related data, such as RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) or the second measurement value from the sixth device, and performs a fourth operation on the second data or the second measurement value to obtain the second metric; the second data is obtained based on the signal transmission between the fifth device and the sixth device, and the second measurement value is obtained by processing the second data.

[0162] Optionally, the fourth operation may be, but is not limited to, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, mean calculation, variance calculation, standard deviation calculation, etc. The second measurement value may be obtained by performing an intermediate operation on the first data. For example, after the sixth device obtains the second data based on the received signal, it may directly send the second data to the management device, and the management device performs an operation / processing on the second data to obtain the second metric; or it may first perform an intermediate operation / processing on the second data to obtain the second measurement value, and then send the second measurement value to the management device, and the management device performs an operation / processing on the second measurement value to obtain the second metric.

[0163] In an alternative embodiment, corresponding to the above communication architecture Topology 2, when obtaining the first metric / second metric, one or more fourth devices may receive the first signal sent by the Ambient IoT device, and then one or more fourth devices send the first signal to one or more sixth devices.

[0164] In another alternative embodiment, corresponding to the above communication architecture Topology 1 (two base stations for transceiver) and the auxiliary uplink / downlink transmission in Topology 3, when obtaining the first metric / second metric, one or more fourth devices may send an excitation signal or a control signal to the Ambient IoT device, and then the Ambient IoT device generates a second signal based on the received excitation signal or control signal and sends it to one or more sixth devices. For example, in Topology 3, if the fourth device is a base station and the sixth device is a UE, then finally the UE sends the data back to the base station (the fourth device) through the Uu interface for data processing, and optionally, finally sends it to the Ambient IoT management device for processing; or, if the fourth device is a UE and the sixth device is a base station, then finally the base station (the sixth device) directly processes it, and optionally, finally sends it to the Ambient IoT management device for processing.

[0165] In the embodiments of the present application, in order to improve the judgment accuracy, it may be determined by a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) whether to switch the device for executing the IoT service.

[0166] Optionally, if the first device is the same as the fourth device or the sixth device, the device switching method in the embodiments of the present application may further include:

[0167] The first device sends a first request message to a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), where the first request message is used to request the management device to determine whether a device for executing a first service or a second service needs to be switched. For example, when the first device determines that a device for executing an Internet of Things service needs to be switched, it may send the first request message to the management device. In this way, since the first device / fourth device / sixth device may have limited functions, by using the management device to determine whether a device for executing an Internet of Things service needs to be switched, the judgment accuracy can be improved.

[0168] Optionally, the first request message may include at least one of the following:

[0169] The event type of the first event; thus, the reason for executing the device switch can be informed to the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), and then the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) can be assisted in determining whether a device for executing an Internet of Things service needs to be switched;

[0170] A first indication for indicating whether a device for executing a first service or a second service needs to be switched; thus, the result judged by the fourth device / sixth device can be informed to the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), so as to assist the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) in determining whether a device for executing an Internet of Things service needs to be switched;

[0171] The identifier of the device to which the first service or the second service needs to be switched; thus, the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) can comprehensively consider after switching the device and determine whether a device for executing an Internet of Things service needs to be switched.

[0172] Optionally, the device switching method in the embodiments of the present application may further include:

[0173] The first device receives a third signaling sent by the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server); the third signaling is used to indicate that there is no need to switch the device for executing the first service or the second service, or to indicate that the device for executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched, so that the fourth device / sixth device can know whether a device for executing an Internet of Things service needs to be switched.

[0174] For example, if the management device determines that there is no need to switch the device executing the Ambient IoT service, or if the first request information of the first device received by the management device includes an indication that no device switching is required, then the Ambient IoT service transmission between the fourth device / sixth device and the fifth device is continued. Or, if the management device determines that the device executing the Ambient IoT service needs to be switched, or if the first request information of the first device received by the management device includes an indication that device switching is required or includes the identifier of the device for which the service needs to be switched or the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI), then the target second device / target second device for switching to execute the Ambient IoT service is selected.

[0175] Optionally, if the first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, the device switching method in the embodiments of the present application may further include:

[0176] The first device receives the second request information sent by the fourth device or the sixth device; the second request information is used to request the first device (i.e., the management device) to determine whether the device executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched.

[0177] Optionally, the second request information may include at least one of the following:

[0178] The event type of the first event; thus, the reason for device switching can be informed to the management device (such as the core network management function network element or the application server), and further assist the management device (such as the core network management function network element or the application server) in determining whether the device executing the Internet of Things service needs to be switched;

[0179] A second indication for indicating whether the device executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched; thus, the result determined by the fourth device / sixth device can be informed to the management device (such as the core network management function network element or the application server), and further assist the management device (such as the core network management function network element or the application server) in determining whether the device executing the Internet of Things service needs to be switched;

[0180] The identifier of the device to which the first service or the second service needs to be switched; thus, the management device (such as the core network management function network element or the application server) can comprehensively consider after switching the device and determine whether the device executing the Internet of Things service needs to be switched.

[0181] Optionally, the device switching method in the embodiments of the present application may further include:

[0182] The first device (i.e., the management device, such as a core network management function network element or an application server) sends a fourth signaling to the fourth device or the sixth device; the fourth signaling is used to indicate that there is no need to switch the device executing the first service or the second service, or to indicate that the device executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched, so that the fourth device / sixth device can know whether it is necessary to switch the device executing the Internet of Things service.

[0183] In the embodiments of the present application, when the first event is satisfied, the first device can directly select the target second device or the target third device and instruct the target second device or the target third device to execute the service; or it can first select multiple candidate second devices and then select the target second device from them, or first select multiple candidate third devices and then select the target third device from them.

[0184] Optionally, the process of selecting the target second device or the target third device may include:

[0185] The first device selects multiple candidate second devices or multiple candidate third devices;

[0186] The first device selects the target second device from the multiple candidate second devices, or selects the target third device from the multiple candidate third devices.

[0187] In this way, by first selecting multiple candidate second devices and then selecting the target second device from them, or first selecting multiple candidate third devices and then selecting the target third device from them, it is beneficial to select a target second device or a target third device that better meets the requirements to execute the service.

[0188] Optionally, the selection of multiple candidate second devices or multiple candidate third devices may include:

[0189] The first device selects the multiple candidate second devices or the multiple candidate third devices according to the first information or the obtained first configuration information; wherein, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0190] The capability information of the candidate device, at least including the capability information related to sending control commands, sending incentive signals, and parsing Ambient IoT signals, etc. related to the supported Internet of Things services (such as Ambient IoT services);

[0191] The subscription information of the candidate device; taking the Internet of Things service as Ambient IoT service as an example, the subscription information at least includes whether the corresponding device agrees to execute the Ambient IoT service or the type of Ambient IoT service executed, and the restriction conditions for the corresponding device to agree to execute the Ambient IoT service (for example: the time range, space range, service range, etc. for the device to agree to execute the Ambient IoT service);

[0192] The permission information of the candidate device; taking the Ambient IoT service as an example of the Internet of Things service, the permission information at least includes whether the network (such as the core network) allows the device to execute the Ambient IoT service or the type of Ambient IoT service to be executed, and the restriction conditions for allowing the device to execute the Ambient IoT service (for example: the time range, space range, service range, etc. for allowing the device to execute the Ambient IoT service);

[0193] The location information of the candidate device, which can at least include the tracking area where it is located, longitude and latitude information, etc.;

[0194] The requirement information of the first service or the second service; for example, this requirement information can include at least one of the following: service type, service QoS requirement, etc.; the service type can at least include at least one of communication service, positioning service, sensing service, asset inventory service, control service, etc.; the service QoS requirement can at least include at least one of communication service QoS requirement, positioning service QoS requirement, sensing service QoS requirement, asset inventory service QoS requirement, control service QoS requirement, etc.;

[0195] The prior information of the first service or the second service; for example, this prior information can include at least one of the following: prior information about the possible spatial location of the corresponding device, service type or QoS prior information.

[0196] Optionally, the first configuration information can be configured by a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), such as sending the first configuration information to the fourth device / sixth device, and the fourth device / sixth device takes the lead in performing device handover in the subsequent Internet of Things process; or it can be directly led by the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) to perform device handover in the subsequent Internet of Things process. The first configuration information can include but is not limited to at least one of the following:

[0197] The capability information of the pre-handover device, at least including the capability information related to sending control commands, sending incentive signals, and parsing Ambient IoT signals, etc. related to the supported Internet of Things services (such as Ambient IoT services);

[0198] The subscription information of the pre-switching device; taking the Ambient IoT service in the Internet of Things as an example, the subscription information at least includes whether the corresponding device agrees to execute the Ambient IoT service or the type of Ambient IoT service to be executed, and the restrictive conditions for the corresponding device to agree to execute the Ambient IoT service (for example: the time range, space range, service range, etc. for which the device agrees to execute the Ambient IoT service);

[0199] The permission information of the pre-switching device; taking the Ambient IoT service in the Internet of Things as an example, the permission information at least includes whether the network (such as the core network) allows the device to execute the Ambient IoT service or the type of Ambient IoT service to be executed, and the restrictive conditions for allowing the device to execute the Ambient IoT service (for example: the time range, space range, service range, etc. for which the device is allowed to execute the Ambient IoT service);

[0200] The location information of the pre-switching device, which can at least include the tracking area where it is located, longitude and latitude information, etc.;

[0201] The priority or sorting information of each pre-switching device, which is used to characterize the matching degree of each pre-switching device for executing the Internet of Things service. The priority / sorting information / score information can also be updated synchronously during the process of updating the pre-switching device list, that is, the priority / sorting information of the same pre-switching device changes in real time;

[0202] The switching time of each pre-switching device;

[0203] The device identifier or RNTI of the Internet of Things device associated with each pre-switching device;

[0204] The information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the Internet of Things device associated with each pre-switching device.

[0205] It should be noted that the acquisition methods of the above-mentioned capability information, subscription information and permission information can be at least one of the following: 1) Stored in the network, that is, stored in advance in the network node. The network node can be an Ambient IoT management function network element, or a network node directly or indirectly accessible by the Ambient IoT management function network element; 2) Response reporting, that is, the Ambient IoT management function network element sends query information to the corresponding device, and the device reports at least one of its own capability information, subscription information and permission information according to the requirements of the query information.

[0206] The above-mentioned method for obtaining location information may be at least one of the following: 1) For devices with fixed locations, such as base stations, Transmission and Receiving Points (TRPs), IABs, Repeaters, Relays, etc., the location information of the devices is known. The location information of the devices can be obtained by accessing the network function that stores the device location information (such as a network management system, Unified Data Management (UDM), etc.) or by the device reporting it; 2) For mobile devices, such as UEs, etc., the method for obtaining location information can be to request location information from a location management function or other service functions.

[0207] The requirement information or prior information may be received by a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) from a service initiator. Taking the Ambient IoT service as an example, if the Ambient IoT service is a DT service (i.e., data flow is transmitted to an A-IoT device), the Ambient IoT management function network element directly obtains data from the device. If the Ambient IoT service is a DO service (i.e., data flow originates from an A-IoT device), and specifically a DO-A service (i.e., the device autonomously initiates data transmission), the Ambient IoT device sends the data to the relevant device; or specifically a DO-DTT service (i.e., the device initiates data transmission after being triggered by the network), the device triggers the Ambient IoT device to report data; finally, the Ambient IoT management function network element obtains the relevant data from the device.

[0208] Optionally, the selection of the target second device from the multiple candidate second devices, or the selection of the target third device from the multiple candidate third devices may include at least one of the following:

[0209] The first device selects the target second device from the multiple candidate second devices according to a fourth metric between each candidate second device and the fifth device;

[0210] The first device selects the target third device from the multiple candidate third devices according to a fifth metric between each candidate third device and the fifth device;

[0211] The first device selects the target second device from the multiple candidate second devices, or selects the target third device from the multiple candidate third devices, according to a sixth metric of the cascaded link between each candidate second device, the fifth device, and each candidate third device.

[0212] For example, the management device may schedule the transmission between each candidate second device / candidate third device and the fifth device, and then obtain the fourth metric, the fifth metric, and the sixth metric. The specific scheduling method may be selected based on actual requirements, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0213] Optionally, any one of the fourth metric, the fifth metric, and the sixth metric includes but is not limited to at least one of the following:

[0214] Signal strength information, which may include, for example, at least one of the following: signal power, reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indication (RSSI), etc.;

[0215] Signal quality information, which may include, for example, at least one of the following: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), etc.;

[0216] Communication link statistical information, that is, the communication statistical information between each candidate second device and the third device, which may include, for example, at least one of the following: number of ACKs, number of NACKs, block error rate (BLER), bit error rate (BER), etc.;

[0217] An operation value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; for example, the operation value may include at least one of the following: mean, variance or standard deviation, variance or standard deviation of residuals, prediction error covariance, state estimation error covariance, etc.;

[0218] A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information. For example, the predicted value may be obtained through a preset prediction algorithm;

[0219] A smoothed filtered value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information. For example, the smoothed filtered value may be obtained through a preset filtering algorithm.

[0220] As an optional implementation manner, when selecting a target second device from multiple candidate second devices, it may be selected according to at least one of the following conditions:

[0221] Condition 1: Compare the fourth metric corresponding to each candidate second device with a threshold 1 (this may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned first threshold): If the fourth metric corresponding to a certain candidate second device meets the requirement of the threshold 1, then use this candidate second device as the target second device; otherwise, if the fourth metric corresponding to this candidate second device does not meet the requirement of the threshold 1, then do not use this candidate second device as the target second device;

[0222] Condition 2: The fourth indicators corresponding to each candidate second device are compared with the first indicator for triggering the handover: If the fourth indicator corresponding to a certain candidate second device can better meet the requirements of the corresponding threshold than the first indicator, and the difference or ratio value between the fourth indicator and the first indicator meets the requirements of the preset threshold, then this candidate second device is taken as the target second device; otherwise, this candidate second device is not taken as the target second device;

[0223] Condition 3: One or more candidate second devices corresponding to the maximum or minimum (determined according to the meaning of the second indicator) among the fourth indicators corresponding to all candidate second devices that meet at least one of the above Conditions 1 and 2 are taken as the target second devices.

[0224] In addition, there is also a situation: If multiple candidate second devices do not meet at least one of the above Conditions 1 and 2, then no handover is performed. After that, the fourth device can report this event to the Ambient IoT management device, and the Ambient IoT management device can report this event to the service initiator.

[0225] As another alternative implementation, when selecting a target third device from multiple candidate third devices, it can be selected according to at least one of the following conditions:

[0226] Condition 4: The fifth indicators corresponding to each candidate third device are compared with Threshold 2 (this can be the same as or different from the above-mentioned second threshold): If the fifth indicator corresponding to a certain candidate third device meets the requirements of Threshold 2, then this candidate third device is taken as the target third device; conversely, if the fifth indicator corresponding to this candidate third device does not meet the requirements of Threshold 2, then this candidate third device is not taken as the target third device;

[0227] Condition 5: The fifth indicators corresponding to each candidate third device are compared with the second indicator for triggering the handover: If the fifth indicator corresponding to a certain candidate third device can better meet the requirements of the corresponding threshold than the second indicator, and the difference or ratio value between the fifth indicator and the second indicator meets the requirements of the preset threshold, then this candidate third device is taken as the target third device; otherwise, this candidate third device is not taken as the target third device;

[0228] Condition 6: One or more candidate third devices corresponding to the maximum or minimum (determined according to the meaning of the second indicator) among the fifth indicators corresponding to all candidate third devices that meet at least one of the above Conditions 4 and 5 are taken as the target third devices.

[0229] In addition, there is also a situation where, if multiple candidate third devices do not meet at least one of the above conditions 4 and 5, no handover is performed. After that, the fourth device can report this event to the Ambient IoT management device, and the Ambient IoT management device can report this event to the service initiator.

[0230] Optionally, after the first device selects the target second device / target third device from multiple candidate second devices / candidate third devices, it can perform at least one of the following: a) Send a signaling to the target second device / target third device to indicate that it has been selected as the target second device / target third device; b) Send a signaling to the candidate second devices / candidate third devices other than the target second device / target third device to indicate that they are not selected as the device for executing the IoT service for handover; or, if the candidate second devices / candidate third devices other than the target second device / target third device do not receive a signaling within a preset time window, it can implicitly indicate that they are not selected as the target second device / target third device, so as to release the occupancy of these devices.

[0231] Optionally, if the fourth metrics between each candidate second device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the third threshold, the device handover method in this embodiment may further include any one of the following:

[0232] (a) If the first device and the fourth device are the same device, the first device reports second information to the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), and the second information is used to indicate that the fourth metrics between each candidate second device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the third threshold, so that the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) can learn about it;

[0233] (b) If the first device is a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) different from the fourth device, the first device reports third information to the service initiator, and the third information is used to indicate that the fourth metrics between each candidate second device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the third threshold, so that the service initiator can learn about it.

[0234] It should be noted that the third threshold can be determined according to actual needs, and can be the same as or different from the above first threshold, and this is not limited.

[0235] Optionally, if the fifth metrics between each candidate third device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the fourth threshold, the device handover method in this embodiment may further include any one of the following:

[0236] (d) If the first device and the sixth device are the same device, the first device reports fourth information to a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), where the fourth information is used to indicate that the fifth metrics between each candidate third device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the fourth threshold, so that the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) can learn about it;

[0237] (e) If the first device is a management device different from the sixth device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), the first device reports fifth information to the service initiator, where the fifth information is used to indicate that the fifth metrics between each candidate third device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the fourth threshold, so that the service initiator can learn about it.

[0238] It should be noted that the fourth threshold can be determined based on actual requirements and may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned second threshold, and this is not limited.

[0239] Optionally, if the sixth metrics of the cascade links between each candidate second device, the fifth device, and each candidate third device do not meet the requirements of the fifth threshold, the device switching method in this embodiment may further include any one of the following:

[0240] (f) If the first device and the fourth device or the sixth device are the same device, the first device reports sixth information to a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), where the sixth information is used to indicate that the sixth metrics of the cascade links between each candidate second device, the fifth device, and each candidate third device do not meet the requirements of the fifth threshold, so that the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) can learn about it;

[0241] (g) If the first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, the first device reports seventh information to the service initiator, where the seventh information is used to indicate that the sixth metrics of the cascade links between each candidate second device, the fifth device, and each candidate third device do not meet the requirements of the fifth threshold, so that the service initiator can learn about it.

[0242] It should be noted that the fourth threshold can be determined based on actual requirements and may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned first threshold or second threshold, and this is not limited.

[0243] In the embodiment of the present application, a target second device or a target third device can be obtained by using a pre-switching device list. The above selection of the target second device or the target third device may include:

[0244] The first device selects the target second device from the first pre-switching device list, or selects the target third device from the second pre-switching device list. The first pre-switching device list and the second pre-switching device list may be the same or different, and may be established and updated in real time by a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) to effectively perform device selection.

[0245] In an optionally implementation manner, the first pre-switching device list and the second pre-switching device list may be characterized / described by information similar to the above-mentioned first configuration information, that is, the information may include at least one of the following: the capability information of the pre-switching device, the subscription information of the pre-switching device, the permission information of the pre-switching device, the location information of the pre-switching device, the priority or sorting information of each pre-switching device, the switching time of each pre-switching device, the device identifier or RNTI of the Internet of Things device associated with each pre-switching device, or the information associated with the device identifier or RNTI, etc.

[0246] Optionally, if the first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), the device switching method in this embodiment may further include:

[0247] The first device establishes or updates the first pre-switching device list, or establishes or updates the second pre-switching device list according to the eighth information; wherein, the eighth information includes at least one of the following:

[0248] The capability information of the candidate device, at least including the capability information related to sending control commands, sending incentive signals, and parsing Ambient IoT signals, etc. related to the supported Internet of Things services (such as Ambient IoT services);

[0249] The subscription information of the candidate device; taking the Internet of Things service as the Ambient IoT service as an example, the subscription information at least includes whether the corresponding device agrees to execute the Ambient IoT service or the type of Ambient IoT service executed, and the restriction conditions for the corresponding device to agree to execute the Ambient IoT service (for example: the time range, space range, service range, etc. for the device to agree to execute the Ambient IoT service);

[0250] The permission information of the candidate device; taking the Internet of Things service as the Ambient IoT service as an example, the permission information at least includes whether the network (such as the core network) allows the device to execute the Ambient IoT service or the type of Ambient IoT service executed, and the restriction conditions for allowing the device to execute the Ambient IoT service (for example: the time range, space range, service range, etc. for allowing the device to execute the Ambient IoT service);

[0251] The location information of the candidate device may at least include the tracking area it is in, longitude and latitude information, etc.;

[0252] The requirement information of the first service or the second service; for example, this requirement information may include at least one of the following: service type, service QoS requirement, etc.; the service type may at least include at least one of communication services, positioning services, sensing services, asset inventory services, control services, etc.; the service QoS requirement may at least include at least one of communication service QoS requirements, positioning service QoS requirements, sensing service QoS requirements, asset inventory service QoS requirements, control service QoS requirements, etc.;

[0253] The prior information of the first service or the second service; for example, this prior information may include at least one of the following: prior information about the possible spatial location of the corresponding device, service type or QoS prior information.

[0254] Optionally, when updating the first / second pre-switch device list, a device that is not in the first / second pre-switch device list but meets at least one of the above eighth information can be added to the first / second pre-switch device list, and a device that is in the first / second pre-switch device list but no longer meets at least one of the above eighth information can be removed from the first / second pre-switch device list.

[0255] Optionally, after establishing or updating the first / second pre-switch device list, the description information of the updated first / second pre-switch device list can be configured to the fourth device / sixth device, and the fourth device / sixth device is responsible for performing device switching in the subsequent process; or directly the management device is responsible for performing device switching in the subsequent Internet of Things process.

[0256] Optionally, the establishment or update of the first pre-switch device list, or the establishment or update of the second pre-switch device list may include at least one of the following:

[0257] When the first device determines that there is no need to switch the device for executing the service, it establishes or updates the first pre-switch device list, or establishes or updates the second pre-switch device list; for example, as long as the Ambient IoT management device determines that there is no need to switch the device for executing the Ambient IoT service, the Ambient IoT management device establishes or updates the pre-switch device list;

[0258] When the first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of the sixth threshold, the first device establishes or updates the first pre-switching device list; or, when the second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the seventh threshold, the first device establishes or updates the second pre-switching device list; the sixth threshold and the seventh threshold can be determined based on actual needs; for example, the Ambient IoT management device compares the first metric with the sixth threshold: if the first metric meets the requirement of the sixth threshold, the first pre-switching device list is not established or updated; if the first metric does not meet the requirement of the sixth threshold, the first pre-switching device list is established or updated;

[0259] When the third metric of the cascaded link among the fourth device, the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the eighth threshold, the first device establishes or updates the first pre-switching device list, or establishes or updates the second pre-switching device list; the eighth threshold can be determined based on actual needs;

[0260] The first device periodically updates the first pre-switching device list or the second pre-switching device list.

[0261] Optionally, the device switching method in this embodiment may further include at least one of the following:

[0262] The first device receives a fifth signaling sent by a target second device, and the fifth signaling is used to indicate whether the target second device agrees or refuses to execute the first service;

[0263] The first device receives a sixth signaling sent by a target third device, and the sixth signaling is used to indicate whether the target third device agrees or refuses to execute the second service.

[0264] In this way, the first device can know whether the selected target second device / target third device agrees to execute the corresponding service.

[0265] For example, if the fifth signaling indicates that the target second device agrees to execute the first service, the subsequent switch is to the target second device to execute the corresponding service; if the fifth signaling indicates that the target second device refuses to execute the first service, the device selection is re-performed. If the sixth signaling indicates that the target third device agrees to execute the second service, the subsequent switch is to the target second device to execute the corresponding service; if the sixth signaling indicates that the target third device refuses to execute the second service, the device selection is re-performed.

[0266] Optionally, if the first device and the fourth device are the same device, the device switching method in this embodiment may further include:

[0267] The first device stops executing the first service when the first event or the first condition is met; where the first condition includes at least one of the following:

[0268] The target second device starts to execute the first service;

[0269] The first device receives a fifth signaling sent by the target second device, and the fifth signaling indicates that the target second device agrees to execute the first service;

[0270] The first device receives a seventh signaling sent by a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), and the seventh signaling instructs the first device to stop executing the first service; for example, the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) may, after receiving a signaling indicating agreement to execute the service sent by the target second device, or determining that a first metric when the fourth device executes the first service does not meet the requirement of a third threshold, or determining that a seventh metric when the target second device executes the first service meets the requirement of an eleventh threshold, send the seventh signaling to the first device to instruct the fourth device to stop executing the first service;

[0271] A first metric when the first device executes the first service does not meet the requirement of a ninth threshold; the ninth threshold may be determined based on actual requirements and may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned first threshold; for example, it may be determined by the fourth device or the management device whether the first metric meets the requirement of the ninth threshold;

[0272] A third metric of the cascade link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a tenth threshold; the tenth threshold may be determined based on actual requirements and may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned first threshold;

[0273] A seventh metric when the target second device executes the first service meets the requirement of an eleventh threshold; the eleventh threshold may be determined based on actual requirements; the specific content included in the seventh metric may refer to the content included in the above-mentioned first metric or second metric. For example, it may be determined by the target second device or the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) whether the seventh metric meets the requirement of the eleventh threshold and report the determination result to the first device / fourth device; or, the seventh metric when the target second device executes the service is reported to the first device / fourth device, and it is determined by the first device / fourth device whether the seventh metric meets the requirement of the eleventh threshold.

[0274] Optionally, if the first device and the sixth device are the same device, the device switching method in this embodiment may further include:

[0275] The first device stops executing the second service when the first event or the second condition is satisfied; where the second condition includes at least one of the following:

[0276] The target third device starts to execute the second service;

[0277] The first device receives a sixth signaling sent by the target third device, and the sixth signaling indicates that the target third device agrees to execute the second service;

[0278] The first device receives an eighth signaling sent by a management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server), and the eighth signaling instructs the first device to stop executing the second service; for example, the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) may send the fifth signaling to the first device to instruct the first device to stop executing the second service after receiving a signaling sent by the target third device indicating agreement to execute the service, or determining that a second metric when the sixth device executes the second service does not meet the requirement of a fourth threshold, or determining that an eighth metric when the target third device executes the second service meets the requirement of a fourteenth threshold;

[0279] A second metric when the first device executes the second service does not meet the requirement of a twelfth threshold; the twelfth threshold may be determined based on actual requirements and may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned second threshold; for example, it may be determined by the sixth device or the management device whether the second metric meets the requirement of the twelfth threshold;

[0280] A third metric of the cascaded link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a thirteenth threshold; the thirteenth threshold may be determined based on actual requirements and may be the same as or different from the above-mentioned second threshold;

[0281] An eighth metric when the target third device executes the second service meets the requirement of a fourteenth threshold; the fourteenth threshold may be determined based on actual requirements; the specific content included in the eighth metric may refer to the content included in the above-mentioned first metric or second metric. For example, it may be determined by the target third device or the management device (such as a core network management function network element or an application server) whether the eighth metric meets the requirement of the fourteenth threshold and report the judgment result to the first device / fourth device; or, the eighth metric when the target third device executes the service is reported to the first device / fourth device, and it is determined by the first device / fourth device whether the eighth metric meets the requirement of the fourteenth threshold.

[0282] It should be noted that when the first event is satisfied, stopping the execution of the service can be understood as immediately stopping the execution of the corresponding service after determining that a device needs to be switched. For example, if the type of the first event is the above event type 2 or event type 3, the fourth device / sixth device must stop executing the corresponding service, and if the type of the first event is the above event type 1, it is optional to stop executing the corresponding service.

[0283] In the embodiments of the present application, when the Ambient IoT management device performs signaling interaction with a certain candidate device or the second device / the third device for the first time, if the device is a mobile device and in an inactive state, it should first switch from the inactive state to the connected state through a random access process. For the Ambient IoT device itself, this case does not limit the connected state or the inactive state, and it only needs to be in a state of executing the Ambient IoT service. In addition, the above switching judgment, etc., takes the fourth device / sixth device as the dominant switching example, and the same can also be extended to the second device / third device dominant scenario.

[0284] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 which is a flowchart of a device switching method provided by the embodiments of the present application. This method is executed by the second device (i.e., the target second device), as Figure 3 shown, and this method includes the following steps:

[0285] Step 31: The second device receives the first signaling sent by the first device, and the first signaling is used to indicate that the first service between the fourth device and the fifth device is switched from the fourth device to the second device for execution.

[0286] In the embodiments of the present application, the second device can be understood as the target second device, which is selected by the first device when the first event is satisfied. There is a second service related to the first service between the fifth device and the sixth device. The first service is related to the second service and can together constitute a transmission service (such as an Internet of Things service). For example, the first service and the second service can together constitute an uplink transmission service or a downlink transmission service.

[0287] For the specific explanations and descriptions of the first device, the second device, the third device, and the fourth device, reference can be made to the above embodiments, and details are not described herein again.

[0288] Through the solution of the embodiments of the present application, the switching of services (such as Internet of Things services) between different devices can be realized, the problem of how to realize device switching in multi-node backscatter communication can be solved, and further, the switching of backscatter communication devices (such as Ambient IoT devices) under different multi-node connection topologies can be satisfied, as well as the continuity of the Internet of Things service and the reliability of transmission can be ensured.

[0289] Optionally, the first device satisfies any one of the following:

[0290] The first device and the fourth device are the same device;

[0291] The first device and the sixth device are the same device;

[0292] The first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, and the management device includes at least one of the following: a core network management function network element, an access network device, a terminal, and an application server.

[0293] Optionally, the first event described above may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0294] The first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of the first threshold; the first metric may be a performance metric related to signal strength, signal quality, communication statistics, or device status, etc.; the first threshold may be set based on actual requirements and is not limited thereto; for example, the first metric may characterize the metric of the cascaded channel between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device;

[0295] The second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the second threshold; the second metric may be a performance metric related to signal strength, signal quality, communication statistics, or device status, etc.; the second threshold may be set based on actual requirements and is not limited thereto; for example, the second metric may characterize the metric of the cascaded channel between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device;

[0296] The resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service; for example, part or all of at least one of the resources such as time, frequency, antenna, and power used by the fourth device to execute the first service (such as Ambient IoT service) are occupied by other services and are insufficient to continue executing the first service;

[0297] The resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service; for example, part or all of at least one of the resources such as time, frequency, antenna, and power used by the sixth device to execute the second service (such as Ambient IoT service) are occupied by other services and are insufficient to continue executing the second service;

[0298] The power of the fourth device or the sixth device is insufficient;

[0299] The fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state;

[0300] The fourth device or the sixth device has software and hardware failures.

[0301] Optionally, the device switching method in this embodiment may further include:

[0302] The second device sends a fifth signaling to the first device, and the fifth signaling is used to indicate whether the second device agrees or refuses to execute the first service. In this way, the first device can learn whether the selected second device (i.e., the target second device) agrees to execute the corresponding service.

[0303] Optionally, the first signaling may be used by the second device to determine signal parameters required for performing a first service (i.e., a service with a fifth device), including but not limited to at least one of the following:

[0304] Demand information for the first service; for example, such demand information may include at least one of the following: service type, service QoS requirements, etc.; the service type may include at least one of communication services, positioning services, sensing services, asset inventory services, control services, etc.; the service QoS requirements may include at least one of communication service QoS requirements, positioning service QoS requirements, sensing service QoS requirements, asset inventory service QoS requirements, control service QoS requirements, etc.;

[0305] Demand information for the service composed of the first service and the second service; for example, such demand information may include at least one of the following: service type, service QoS requirements, etc.; the service type may include at least one of communication services, positioning services, sensing services, asset inventory services, control services, etc.; the service QoS requirements may include at least one of communication service QoS requirements, positioning service QoS requirements, sensing service QoS requirements, asset inventory service QoS requirements, control service QoS requirements, etc.;

[0306] Prior information for the first service; for example, such prior information may include at least one of the following: prior information on the possible spatial location of the corresponding device, service type or QoS prior information;

[0307] Prior information for the service composed of the first service and the second service; for example, such prior information may include at least one of the following: prior information on the possible spatial location of the corresponding device, service type or QoS prior information;

[0308] The signal parameters required for performing the first service may include but are not limited to time-domain resource information, frequency-domain resource information, modulation method, coding method, signal power or reflection coefficient, signal waveform, etc.; for example, if the target second device subsequently sends an excitation signal or a control command, etc., it includes signal parameters related to sending the excitation signal or the control command;

[0309] The device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device that is associated with or has a service transmission connection with a fourth device before handover and is associated with or has a service transmission connection with the target second device after handover);

[0310] Information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device.

[0311] Optionally, the device switching method in this embodiment may further include:

[0312] The second device determines signal parameters required for executing the first service according to the information carried in the first signaling;

[0313] The second device executes the first service according to the signal parameters.

[0314] For example, the second device may directly extract the signal parameters required for executing the service from the first signaling, or may determine the signal parameters required for executing the service according to the information extracted from the first signaling (such as service requirement information, prior information, etc.). The signal parameters may include, but are not limited to, time-domain resource information, frequency-domain resource information, modulation mode, coding mode, signal power or reflection coefficient, signal waveform, etc.

[0315] Optionally, the device switching method in this embodiment may further include:

[0316] The second device obtains a seventh metric when executing the first service; wherein, the seventh metric includes at least one of the following:

[0317] Signal strength information, which may include, for example, at least one of the following: signal power, reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indication (RSSI), etc.;

[0318] Signal quality information, which may include, for example, at least one of the following: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), etc.;

[0319] Communication link statistical information, that is, the communication statistical information between each candidate second device and the third device, which may include, for example, at least one of the following: number of ACKs, number of NACKs, block error rate (BLER), bit error rate (BER), etc.;

[0320] An operation value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; for example, the operation value may include, at least one of the following: mean, variance or standard deviation, variance or standard deviation of residuals, prediction error covariance, state estimation error covariance, etc.;

[0321] A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information. For example, the predicted value may be obtained through a preset prediction algorithm;

[0322] A smoothed filter value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information. For example, the smoothed filter value may be obtained through a preset filter algorithm.

[0323] Optionally, the method for obtaining the seventh metric when performing the first service may refer to the method for the fourth device to obtain the first metric described above, which will not be elaborated here.

[0324] Optionally, the device switching method in this embodiment may further include at least one of the following:

[0325] The second device sends the seventh metric to the first device, that is, directly informs the fourth device / sixth device / management device of the seventh metric;

[0326] The second device sends a third indication to the first device, and the third indication is used to indicate whether the seventh metric meets the requirement of the eleventh threshold, that is, to indicate whether the seventh metric when the second device performs the corresponding service meets the threshold requirement. The eleventh threshold can be determined based on actual needs and is not limited herein. For example, the second device may send the third metric to the first device only when the seventh metric meets the threshold requirement.

[0327] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a flowchart of a device switching method provided by an embodiment of the present application. This method is executed by a third device (i.e., the target third device), as Figure 4 shown, and this method includes the following steps:

[0328] Step 41: The third device receives a second signaling sent by the first device, and the second signaling is used to indicate to switch the second service between the fifth device and the sixth device from the sixth device to the third device for execution.

[0329] In the embodiment of the present application, the third device can be understood as the target third device, which is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied. There is a first service related to the second service between the fifth device and the fourth device. The first service is related to the second service and can together constitute a transmission service (such as an Internet of Things service). For example, the first service and the second service can together constitute an uplink transmission service or a downlink transmission service.

[0330] For the specific explanations and descriptions of the first device, the second device, the third device, and the fourth device, reference can be made to the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.

[0331] Through the solution of the embodiment of the present application, the switching of services (such as Internet of Things services) between different devices can be realized, the problem of how to realize device switching in multi-node backscatter communication can be solved, and further, the switching of backscatter communication devices (such as Ambient IoT devices) under different multi-node connection topologies can be satisfied, and the continuity and transmission reliability of Internet of Things services can be ensured.

[0332] Optionally, the first device satisfies any one of the following:

[0333] The first device and the fourth device are the same device;

[0334] The first device and the sixth device are the same device;

[0335] The first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, and the management device includes at least one of the following: a core network management function network element, an access network device, a terminal, and an application server.

[0336] Optionally, the above first event may include but is not limited to at least one of the following:

[0337] The first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of the first threshold; the first metric may be a performance metric related to signal strength, signal quality, communication statistics, or device status, etc.; the first threshold may be set based on actual needs and is not limited in this regard; for example, the first metric may characterize the metric of the cascaded channel between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device;

[0338] The second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the second threshold; the second metric may be a performance metric related to signal strength, signal quality, communication statistics, or device status, etc.; the second threshold may be set based on actual needs and is not limited in this regard; for example, the second metric may characterize the metric of the cascaded channel between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device;

[0339] The resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service; for example, part or all of at least one of the resources such as time, frequency, antenna, and power used by the fourth device to execute the first service (such as Ambient IoT service) are occupied by other services and are insufficient to continue executing the first service;

[0340] The resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service; for example, part or all of at least one of the resources such as time, frequency, antenna, and power used by the sixth device to execute the second service (such as Ambient IoT service) are occupied by other services and are insufficient to continue executing the second service;

[0341] The power of the fourth device or the sixth device is insufficient;

[0342] The fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state;

[0343] The fourth device or the sixth device has software or hardware failures.

[0344] Optionally, the device switching method in this embodiment may further include:

[0345] The third device sends a sixth signaling to the first device, and the sixth signaling is used to indicate whether the third device agrees or refuses to execute the second service. In this way, the first device can know whether the selected third device (i.e., the target third device) agrees to execute the corresponding service.

[0346] Optionally, the second signaling can be used for the target third device to determine the signal parameters required for executing the second service (i.e., the service with the fifth device), including but not limited to at least one of the following:

[0347] The requirement information of the second service; for example, this requirement information can include at least one of the following: service type, service QoS requirement, etc.; the service type can include at least one of communication service, positioning service, sensing service, asset inventory service, control service, etc.; the service QoS requirement can include at least one of communication service QoS requirement, positioning service QoS requirement, sensing service QoS requirement, asset inventory service QoS requirement, control service QoS requirement, etc.;

[0348] The requirement information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; for example, this requirement information can include at least one of the following: service type, service QoS requirement, etc.; the service type can include at least one of communication service, positioning service, sensing service, asset inventory service, control service, etc.; the service QoS requirement can include at least one of communication service QoS requirement, positioning service QoS requirement, sensing service QoS requirement, asset inventory service QoS requirement, control service QoS requirement, etc.;

[0349] The prior information of the second service; for example, this prior information can include at least one of the following: prior information about the possible spatial location of the corresponding device, service type or QoS prior information;

[0350] The prior information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; for example, this prior information can include at least one of the following: prior information about the possible spatial location of the corresponding device, service type or QoS prior information;

[0351] The signal parameters required for executing the second service can include but not limited to time-domain resource information, frequency-domain resource information, modulation method, coding method, signal power or reflection coefficient, signal waveform, etc.; for example, if the target third device subsequently receives signals from Ambient IoT devices, it includes signal parameters related to Ambient IoT signal reception;

[0352] The device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device (e.g., an Ambient IoT device that is associated with a sixth device or has a service transmission connection before handover and is associated with a target third device or has a service transmission connection after handover);

[0353] Information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device.

[0354] Optionally, the device handover method in this embodiment may further include:

[0355] The third device determines signal parameters required for executing the second service according to the information carried in the second signaling;

[0356] The third device executes the second service according to the signal parameters.

[0357] For example, the third device may directly extract the signal parameters required for executing the service from the second signaling, or may determine the signal parameters required for executing the service according to the information extracted from the second signaling (such as service requirement information, prior information, etc.). The signal parameters may include, but are not limited to, time-domain resource information, frequency-domain resource information, modulation mode, coding mode, signal power or reflection coefficient, signal waveform, etc.

[0358] Optionally, the device handover method in this embodiment may further include:

[0359] The third device obtains an eighth metric when executing the second service; wherein, the eighth metric includes at least one of the following:

[0360] Signal strength information, which may include, for example, at least one of the following: signal power, reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indication (RSSI), etc.;

[0361] Signal quality information, which may include, for example, at least one of the following: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), signal interference ratio (SIR), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), etc.;

[0362] Communication link statistical information, that is, the communication statistical information between each candidate second device and the third device, which may include, for example, at least one of the following: number of ACKs, number of NACKs, block error rate (BLER), bit error rate (BER), etc.;

[0363] An operation value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; for example, the operation value may include, at least one of the following: mean, variance or standard deviation, variance or standard deviation of residuals, prediction error covariance, state estimation error covariance, etc.;

[0364] A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information. For example, this predicted value can be obtained through a preset prediction algorithm.

[0365] A smoothed filter value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information. For example, this smoothed filter value can be obtained through a preset filter algorithm.

[0366] Optionally, the method for obtaining the eighth metric when performing the second service can refer to the method for the sixth device to obtain the second metric as described above, and will not be elaborated here.

[0367] Optionally, the device switching method in this embodiment may further include at least one of the following:

[0368] The third device sends the eighth metric to the first device, that is, directly informs the fourth device / sixth device / management device of the eighth metric.

[0369] The third device sends a fourth indication to the first device. The fourth indication is used to indicate that the eighth metric does not meet the requirements of the fourteenth threshold, that is, to indicate whether the eighth metric when the third device performs the corresponding service meets the threshold requirements. The fourteenth threshold can be determined based on actual needs and is not limited herein. For example, the third device may send the fourth metric to the first device only when the eighth metric meets the threshold requirements.

[0370] The present application will be described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0371] Embodiment 1

[0372] In this first embodiment, a network architecture or connection structure applicable when the two devices before switching and the two devices after switching are all pairwise different devices is given. Specifically, it can be divided into:

[0373] (1) The fourth device / sixth device and the second device / third device are access network devices, which can correspond to the above Topology 1.

[0374] In a possible architecture, such as Figure 5AAs shown in the figure, the fourth device and the sixth device that perform service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) before the handover are access network devices such as base stations. Among them, the fourth device (such as base station 1) sends an excitation signal or a control command, and the sixth device (such as base station 2) receives the information sent by the Ambient IoT device; the second device and the third device that perform service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) after the handover are also access network devices such as base stations. Among them, the second device (such as base station 3) sends an excitation signal or a control command, and the third device (such as base station 4) receives the information sent by the Ambient IoT device; the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server. In addition, at this time, base station 1 and base station 2 can also be access network devices such as IAB, Repeater, and Relay. The Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network, an Ambient IoT application server, or a network element device located in the access network. The second device can be one of the fourth device and the sixth device, and the third device can also be one of the fourth device and the sixth device, as long as at least one of the second device and the third device after the handover is different from the fourth device and the sixth device before the handover.

[0375] (2) The fourth device and the sixth device are terminal devices, which can correspond to the above Topology 2.

[0376] In a possible architecture, as Figure 5B shown in the figure, the fourth device and the sixth device that perform service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) before the handover are terminal devices such as UEs. Among them, the fourth device (such as UE1) sends an excitation signal or a control command, and the sixth device (such as UE2) receives the information sent by the Ambient IoT device; the second device and the third device that perform service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) after the handover are also terminal devices such as UEs. Among them, the second device (such as UE3) sends an excitation signal or a control command, and the third device (such as UE4) receives the information sent by the Ambient IoT device; the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network (at this time, the UE and the Ambient IoT management device can perform transmission based on NSA commands), an Ambient IoT application server, a network element device located in the access network (at this time, the UE and the Ambient IoT management device can perform transmission based on the Uu interface), or a functional layer located on the UE side (at this time, the UE and the Ambient IoT management device can perform transmission based on the PC5 interface).

[0377] (3) Before the handover, the fourth device is an access network device such as a base station, and the sixth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device. Moreover, the sixth device is an intermediate node between the fourth device and the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device); after the handover, the second device is an access network device such as a base station, and the third device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device. Moreover, the third device is an intermediate node between the second device and the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device); this can correspond to the above Topology 2.

[0378] In a possible architecture, as Figure 5C shown, before the handover, the fourth device that conducts service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station, and the sixth device is a device such as a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay. Among them, the sixth device (such as UE2) can send control commands or excitation signals to the Ambient IoT device, and can also act as a relay to forward data to the fourth device (such as base station 1); the Ambient IoT device receives the control signaling and carrier signals sent by the sixth device (such as UE2), and the control signaling can be indicated by the fourth device (such as base station 1) through the sixth device (such as UE2). After the handover, the second device that conducts service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station, and the third device is a device such as a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay. Among them, the third device (such as UE4) can send control commands or excitation signals to the Ambient IoT device, and can also act as a relay to forward data to the second device (such as base station 3). The Ambient IoT device receives the control signaling and carrier signals sent by the third device (such as UE4), and the control signaling can be indicated by the second device (such as base station 3) through the third device (such as UE4). At this time, the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server.

[0379] (4) Before the handover, the fourth device is an access network device such as a base station, and the sixth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device. Moreover, the sixth device is an auxiliary node between the fourth device and the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device); after the handover, the second device is an access network device such as a base station, and the third device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device. Moreover, the third device is an auxiliary node between the second device and the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device); this can correspond to the auxiliary uplink transmission architecture 1 in the above Topology 3.

[0380] In another possible architecture, as Figure 5DAs shown in the figure, before the handover, the fourth device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 1), the sixth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE2), and the sixth device is an auxiliary node between the fourth device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the fourth device (e.g., base station 1) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the sixth device (e.g., UE2) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the sixth device (e.g., UE2) sends the data of the Ambient IoT device to the fourth device (e.g., base station 1) through the air interface. After the handover, the second device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 3), the third device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE4), and the third device is an auxiliary node between the second device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the second device (e.g., base station 3) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the third device (e.g., UE4) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the third device (e.g., UE4) sends the data of the Ambient IoT device to the second device (e.g., base station 3) through the air interface. At this time, the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server.

[0381] (5) Before the handover, the fourth device is an access network device such as a base station, the sixth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, and the sixth device is an auxiliary node between the fourth device and the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device); after the handover, the second device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, the third device is an access network device such as a base station, and the second device is an auxiliary node between the third device and the Ambient IoT device; this can correspond to the auxiliary uplink transmission architecture 2 in the above Topology 3.

[0382] In another possible architecture, such as Figure 5EAs shown in the figure, before handover, the fourth device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 1), the sixth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE2), and the sixth device is an auxiliary node between the fourth device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the fourth device (e.g., base station 1) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the sixth device (e.g., UE2) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the sixth device (e.g., UE2) sends the data of the Ambient IoT device to the fourth device (e.g., base station 1) through the air interface. After handover, the third device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 4), the second device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE3), and the second device is an auxiliary node between the third device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the second device (e.g., UE3) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the third device (e.g., base station 4) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the third device (e.g., base station 4) sends a control command to the second device (e.g., UE3) through the air interface. At this time, the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server.

[0383] (6) Before handover, the fourth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, the sixth device is an access network device such as a base station, and the fourth device is an auxiliary node between the sixth device and the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device); after handover, the second device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, the third device is an access network device such as a base station, and the second device is an auxiliary node between the third device and the Ambient IoT device; this can correspond to the auxiliary uplink transmission architecture 1 in the above Topology 3.

[0384] In another possible architecture, such as Figure 5FAs shown in the figure, the sixth device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) before the handover is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 2), the fourth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE1), and the fourth device is an auxiliary node between the sixth device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the fourth device (e.g., UE1) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the sixth device (e.g., base station 2) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the sixth device sends a control command to the fourth device via the air interface. After the handover, the third device communicating with the Ambient IoT device is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 4), the second device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE3), and the second device is an auxiliary node between the third device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the second device (e.g., UE3) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the third device (e.g., base station 4) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the third device sends a control command to the second device via the air interface. At this time, the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server.

[0385] (7) Before the handover, the fourth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, the sixth device is an access network device such as a base station, and the fourth device is an auxiliary node between the sixth device and the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device); after the handover, the second device is an access network device such as a base station, the third device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, and the third device is an auxiliary node between the second device and the Ambient IoT device; this can correspond to the auxiliary uplink transmission architecture 1 in the above Topology 3.

[0386] In another possible architecture, such as Figure 5GAs shown in the figure, before the handover, the sixth device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 2), and the fourth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE1), and the fourth device is an auxiliary node between the sixth device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the fourth device (e.g., UE1) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the sixth device (e.g., base station 2) receives the signal of the Ambient IoT; optionally, the sixth device sends a control command to the fourth device through the air interface. After the handover, the second device communicating with the Ambient IoT device is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 3), and the third device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE4), and the third device is an auxiliary node between the second device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the second device (e.g., base station 3) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the third device (e.g., UE4) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the third device sends the data of the Ambient IoT to the second device through the air interface. At this time, the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server.

[0387] Embodiment 2

[0388] In this Embodiment 2, it is given that one of the two devices before the handover and the two devices after the handover is the same, and the sending or receiving function of this device is the same / unchanged before and after the handover, that is, this device is a device that sends a control command or an excitation signal before and after the handover, or a device that receives the signal of the Ambient IoT device before and after the periodic handover. Specifically, it includes any of the following: the fourth device and the second device are the same, and the sixth device and the third device are different; the fourth device and the second device are different, and the sixth device and the third device are the same. Hereinafter, only taking the fourth device and the second device being the same and being a sending device or a receiving device before and after the handover, and the sixth device and the third device being different as an example, the specific connection architecture can be divided into:

[0389] (1) The fourth device / sixth device and the second device / third device are access network devices, which can correspond to the above Topology 1.

[0390] In a possible architecture, such as Figure 6AAs shown, the fourth device and the sixth device that perform service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) before switching are access network devices such as base stations. Among them, the fourth device (such as base station 1) sends an excitation signal or a control command, and the sixth device (such as base station 2) receives the information sent by the Ambient IoT device; the second device and the third device that perform service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) after switching are also access network devices such as base stations, and the fourth device and the second device are the same device (such as base station 1). Among them, the second device (such as base station 1) sends an excitation signal or a control command, and the third device (such as base station 3) receives the information sent by the Ambient IoT device; the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server. In addition, at this time, base station 1 and base station 2 can also be access network devices such as IAB, Repeater, and Relay. The Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network, an Ambient IoT application server, or a network element device located in the access network. The second device can be one of the fourth device and the sixth device, and the third device can also be one of the fourth device and the sixth device, as long as at least one of the second device and the third device after switching is different from the fourth device and the sixth device before switching.

[0391] (2) The fourth device and the sixth device are terminal devices, which can correspond to the above Topology 2.

[0392] In a possible architecture, such as Figure 6BAs shown in the figure, the fourth device and the sixth device that perform service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) before the handover are terminal devices such as UEs. Among them, the fourth device (such as UE1) sends an incentive signal or a control command, and the sixth device (such as UE2) receives the information sent by the Ambient IoT device; the second device and the third device that perform service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) after the handover are also terminal devices such as UEs, and the fourth device and the second device are the same device (such as UE1). Among them, the second device (such as UE1) sends an incentive signal or a control command, and the third device (such as UE3) receives the information sent by the Ambient IoT device; the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network (in this case, the UE and the Ambient IoT management device can perform transmission based on NSA commands), or an Ambient IoT application server, or a network element device located in the access network (in this case, the UE and the Ambient IoT management device can perform transmission based on the Uu interface), or a functional layer located on the UE side (in this case, the UE and the Ambient IoT management device can perform transmission based on the PC5 interface).

[0393] (3) Before the handover, the fourth device is an access network device such as a base station, and the sixth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, and the sixth device is an intermediate node between the fourth device and the Ambient IoT device; after the handover, the second device is an access network device such as a base station, and the third device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, and the third device is an intermediate node between the second device and the Ambient IoT device, which can correspond to the above Topology 2.

[0394] In a possible architecture, such as Figure 6CAs shown in the figure, before the handover, the fourth device that conducts service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station, and the sixth device is a device such as a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay. Among them, the sixth device (such as UE2) can send control commands or excitation signals to the Ambient IoT device, or can also act as a relay to forward data to the fourth device (such as base station 1); the Ambient IoT device receives the control signaling or carrier signal sent by the sixth device (such as UE2), and the control signaling is indicated by the fourth device (such as base station 1) through the sixth device (such as UE2). After the handover, the second device that conducts service transmission with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station, and the third device is a device such as a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay. Moreover, the fourth device and the second device are the same device. Among them, the third device (such as UE3) can send control commands or excitation signals to the Ambient IoT device, or can also act as a relay to forward data to the second device (such as base station 1); the Ambient IoT device receives the control signaling or carrier signal sent by the third device (such as UE3), and the control signaling is indicated by the second device (such as base station 1) through the third device (such as UE3). At this time, the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server.

[0395] (4) Before the handover, the fourth device is an access network device such as a base station, and the sixth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device. Moreover, the sixth device is an auxiliary node between the fourth device and the Ambient IoT device; after the handover, the second device is an access network device such as a base station, and the third device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device. Moreover, the third device is an auxiliary node between the second device and the Ambient IoT device, which can correspond to the auxiliary uplink transmission architecture 1 in Topology 3 above.

[0396] In another possible architecture, such as Figure 6DAs shown, the fourth device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) before handover is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 1), the sixth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE2), and the sixth device is an auxiliary node between the fourth device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the fourth device sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the sixth device receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the sixth device sends the data of the Ambient IoT to the fourth device via the air interface. After handover, the second device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 1), the third device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE3), and the third device is an auxiliary node between the second device and the Ambient IoT device, and the fourth device and the second device are the same device. That is, the second device sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the third device receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the third device sends the data of the Ambient IoT to the second device via the air interface. At this time, the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server.

[0397] (5) Before handover, the fourth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, the sixth device is an access network device such as a base station, and the fourth device is an auxiliary node between the sixth device and the Ambient IoT device; after handover, the second device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, the third device is an access network device such as a base station, and the second device is an auxiliary node between the third device and the Ambient IoT device, which can correspond to the auxiliary uplink transmission architecture 1 in the above Topology 3.

[0398] In another possible architecture, such as Figure 6EAs shown, the sixth device that communicates with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) before the handover is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 2), the fourth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE1), and the fourth device is an auxiliary node between the sixth device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the fourth device (e.g., UE1) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the sixth device (e.g., base station 2) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the sixth device sends a control command to the fourth device via the air interface. After the handover, the third device that communicates with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 3), the second device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE1), and the second device is an auxiliary node between the third device and the Ambient IoT device, and the fourth device and the second device are the same device. That is, the second device (e.g., UE1) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the third device (e.g., base station 3) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the third device sends a control command to the second device via the air interface. At this time, the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server.

[0399] Embodiment 3

[0400] In this Embodiment 3, it is given that one of the two devices before the handover and the two devices after the handover is the same, and the transceiver functions of this device before and after the handover are opposite, that is, this device is a device that sends an excitation signal or a control command before the handover and a device that receives the signal of the Ambient IoT device after the handover; or, this device is a device that receives the signal of the Ambient IoT device before the handover and a device that sends an excitation signal or a control command after the handover. Specifically, it includes any one of the following: the fourth device is the same as the third device, and the sixth device is different from the second device; the fourth device is different from the third device, and the sixth device is the same as the second device. The following only takes the fourth device and the third device as the same device and the sixth device and the second device as different as an example, including: the fourth device is a sending device before the handover, and the fourth device is the second device and a receiving device after the handover; or, the fourth device is a receiving device before the handover, and the fourth device is the second device and a sending device after the handover. The specific connection architecture can be divided into:

[0401] (1) Before the handover, the fourth device is an access network device such as a base station, and the sixth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device. Moreover, the sixth device is an auxiliary node between the fourth device and the Ambient IoT device. After the handover, the second device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, and the third device is an access network device such as a base station. Also, the second device is an auxiliary node between the third device and the Ambient IoT device, which can correspond to the auxiliary uplink transmission architecture 2 in the above Topology 3.

[0402] In a possible architecture, such as Figure 7A shown, before the handover, the fourth device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., Base Station 1), and the sixth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE2). Also, the sixth device is an auxiliary node between the fourth device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the fourth device (e.g., Base Station 1) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the sixth device (e.g., UE2) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the sixth device sends the data of the Ambient IoT device to the fourth device through the air interface. After the handover, the third device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., Base Station 1), and the second device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE3). Also, the second device is an auxiliary node between the third device and the Ambient IoT device, and the fourth device and the third device are the same device. That is, the second device (e.g., UE3) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the third device receives the signal of the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the third device sends a control command to the second device through the air interface. At this time, the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server.

[0403] (2) Before the handover, the fourth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device, and the sixth device is an access network device such as a base station. Also, the fourth device is an auxiliary node between the sixth device and the Ambient IoT device. After the handover, the second device is an access network device such as a base station, and the third device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device. Also, the third device is an auxiliary node between the second device and the Ambient IoT device, which can correspond to the auxiliary uplink transmission architecture 1 in the above Topology 3.

[0404] In another possible architecture, such as Figure 7BAs shown in the figure, before the handover, the sixth device communicating with the fifth device (such as an Ambient IoT device) is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 2), the fourth device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE1), and the fourth device is an auxiliary node between the sixth device and the Ambient IoT device. That is, the fourth device (e.g., UE1) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the sixth device receives the signal from the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the sixth device sends a control command to the fourth device through the air interface. After the handover, the second device communicating with the Ambient IoT device is an access network device such as a base station (e.g., base station 3), the third device is a UE / IAB / Repeater / Relay device (e.g., UE1), and the third device is an auxiliary node between the second device and the Ambient IoT device, and the fourth device and the third device are the same device. That is, the second device (e.g., base station 3) sends a control command or an excitation signal to the Ambient IoT device; the third device (e.g., UE1) receives the signal sent by the Ambient IoT device; optionally, the third device sends the data of the Ambient IoT device to the second device through the air interface. At this time, the Ambient IoT management device can be a network element located in the core network or an Ambient IoT application server.

[0405] In the device handover method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the execution subject may be a device handover device. In the embodiments of the present application, taking the device handover device executing the device handover method as an example, the device handover device provided by the embodiments of the present application is described.

[0406] Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a device handover device provided by the embodiments of the present application. The device is applied to the first device, such as Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the device handover device 80 includes:

[0407] A selection module 81, configured to select a target second device or a target third device when a first event is satisfied;

[0408] A first sending module 82, configured to send a first signaling to the target second device or send a second signaling to the target third device; wherein, the first signaling is used to indicate that the first service between the fourth device and the fifth device is switched from the fourth device to the target second device for execution, the second signaling is used to indicate that the second service between the fifth device and the sixth device is switched from the sixth device to the target third device for execution, and the first service is related to the second service.

[0409] Optionally, the first device satisfies any one of the following:

[0410] The first device and the fourth device are the same device;

[0411] The first device and the sixth device are the same device;

[0412] The first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, and the management device includes at least one of the following: a core network management functional network element, an access network device, a terminal, and an application server.

[0413] Optionally, the fifth device satisfies at least one of the following:

[0414] The fifth device is one of a passive device, a semi-passive device, and an active device;

[0415] The fifth device does not have the ability to measure signals;

[0416] The fifth device does not have the ability to report information.

[0417] Optionally, the service composed of the first service and the second service includes at least one of the following:

[0418] Inventory type service;

[0419] Communication type service;

[0420] Location service;

[0421] Perception service;

[0422] Control type service.

[0423] Optionally, the first event includes at least one of the following:

[0424] A first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of a first threshold;

[0425] A second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a second threshold;

[0426] The resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service;

[0427] The resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service;

[0428] The battery power of the fourth device or the sixth device is insufficient;

[0429] The fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state;

[0430] The fourth device or the sixth device has software and hardware failures.

[0431] Optionally, the first signaling includes at least one of the following:

[0432] Requirement information of the first service;

[0433] Requirement information of the service composed of the first service and the second service;

[0434] Prior information of the first service;

[0435] Prior information of the service composed of the first service and the second service;

[0436] Signal parameters required to execute the first service;

[0437] Device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device;

[0438] Information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device;

[0439] Alternatively, the second signaling includes at least one of the following:

[0440] Requirement information of the second service;

[0441] Requirement information of the service composed of the first service and the second service;

[0442] Prior information of the second service;

[0443] Prior information of the service composed of the first service and the second service;

[0444] Signal parameters required to execute the second service;

[0445] Device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device;

[0446] Information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device.

[0447] Optionally, the device switching device 80 further includes:

[0448] A first acquisition module, configured to perform at least one of the following: acquire a first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device, acquire a second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device; acquire a third metric of the cascaded link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device;

[0449] Wherein, any one of the first metric, the second metric, and the third metric includes at least one of the following:

[0450] Signal strength information;

[0451] Signal quality information;

[0452] Communication link statistics;

[0453] An arithmetic value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistics;

[0454] A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistics;

[0455] A smoothed filtered value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistics.

[0456] Optionally, the arithmetic value includes at least one of the following:

[0457] Mean value;

[0458] Variance or standard deviation;

[0459] Variance or standard deviation of residuals;

[0460] Prediction error covariance;

[0461] State estimation error covariance.

[0462] Optionally, any one of the first indicator, the second indicator, and the third indicator is determined based on signals on resources of at least one of the following dimensions:

[0463] Time domain dimension;

[0464] Frequency domain dimension;

[0465] Code domain dimension;

[0466] Spatial domain dimension;

[0467] Energy dimension.

[0468] Optionally, the first acquisition module is specifically configured to: when the first device and the fourth device are the same device, obtain first data according to signal transmission between the fourth device and the fifth device, and perform a first operation on the first data to obtain the first indicator;

[0469] Or, when the first device is a management device different from the fourth device, receive first data or a first measurement value from the fourth device, and perform a second operation on the first data or the first measurement value to obtain the first indicator; wherein, the first data is obtained according to signal transmission between the fourth device and the fifth device, and the first measurement value is obtained by processing the first data.

[0470] Optionally, the first acquisition module is specifically configured to: when the first device and the sixth device are the same device, obtain second data according to the signal transmission between the fifth device and the sixth device, and perform a third operation on the second data to obtain the second metric;

[0471] Alternatively, when the first device is a management device different from the sixth device, receive second data or a second measurement value from the sixth device, and perform a fourth operation on the second data or the second measurement value to obtain the second metric; wherein, the second data is obtained according to the signal transmission between the fifth device and the sixth device, and the second measurement value is obtained by processing the second data.

[0472] Optionally, the device switching device 80 further includes:

[0473] A second sending module, configured to send a first request message to the management device when the first device and the fourth device or the sixth device are the same device, where the first request message is used to request the management device to determine whether to switch the device for executing the first service or the second service.

[0474] Optionally, the first request message includes at least one of the following:

[0475] The event type of the first event;

[0476] A first indication for indicating whether to switch the device for executing the first service or the second service;

[0477] The identifier of the device to which the first service or the second service needs to be switched.

[0478] Optionally, the device switching device 80 further includes:

[0479] A first receiving module, configured to receive a third signaling sent by the management device; wherein, the third signaling is used to indicate that there is no need to switch the device for executing the first service or the second service, or indicate that there is a need to switch the device for executing the first service or the second service.

[0480] Optionally, the device switching device 80 further includes:

[0481] A second receiving module, configured to receive a second request message sent by the fourth device or the sixth device when the first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, where the second request message is used to request the first device to determine whether to switch the device for executing the first service or the second service.

[0482] Optionally, the second request information includes at least one of the following:

[0483] The event type of the first event;

[0484] A second indication for indicating whether a device for executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched;

[0485] The identifier of the device to which the first service or the second service needs to be switched.

[0486] Optionally, the device switching device 80 further includes:

[0487] A third sending module, configured to send a fourth signaling to the fourth device or the sixth device; the fourth signaling is used to indicate that there is no need to switch the device for executing the first service or the second service, or to indicate that the device for executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched.

[0488] Optionally, the selection module 81 is specifically configured to: select a plurality of candidate second devices or a plurality of candidate third devices; and select the target second device from the plurality of candidate second devices, or select the target third device from the plurality of candidate third devices.

[0489] Optionally, the selection module 81 is specifically configured to: select the plurality of candidate second devices or the plurality of candidate third devices according to first information or acquired first configuration information;

[0490] Wherein, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0491] The capability information of the candidate device;

[0492] The subscription information of the candidate device;

[0493] The permission information of the candidate device;

[0494] The location information of the candidate device;

[0495] The requirement information of the first service or the second service;

[0496] The prior information of the first service or the second service;

[0497] The first configuration information includes at least one of the following:

[0498] The capability information of the pre-switching device;

[0499] The subscription information of the pre-switching device;

[0500] The permission information of the pre-switching device;

[0501] The location information of the pre-switching device;

[0502] The priority or sorting information of each pre-switching device;

[0503] The switching time of each pre-switching device;

[0504] The device identifier or RNTI of the Internet of Things device associated with each pre-switching device;

[0505] The information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the Internet of Things device associated with each pre-switching device.

[0506] Optionally, the selection module 81 is specifically configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0507] Select the target second device from the multiple candidate second devices according to the fourth metric between each of the candidate second devices and the fifth device;

[0508] Select the target third device from the multiple candidate third devices according to the fifth metric between each of the candidate third devices and the fifth device;

[0509] Select the target second device from the multiple candidate second devices, or select the target third device from the multiple candidate third devices, according to the sixth metric of the cascade link between each of the candidate second devices, the fifth device, and each of the candidate third devices.

[0510] Optionally, any one of the fourth metric, the fifth metric, and the sixth metric includes at least one of the following:

[0511] Signal strength information;

[0512] Signal quality information;

[0513] Communication link statistical information;

[0514] An arithmetic value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information;

[0515] A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information;

[0516] A smoothed filter value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information.

[0517] Optionally, the device switching device 80 includes:

[0518] The first reporting module is configured to report second information to a management device when the fourth metrics between each candidate second device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of a third threshold, and the first device and the fourth device are the same device, where the second information is used to indicate that the fourth metrics between each candidate second device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the third threshold;

[0519] Alternatively, when the fourth metrics between each candidate second device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the third threshold, and the first device is a management device different from the fourth device, report third information to a service initiator, where the third information is used to indicate that the fourth metrics between each candidate second device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the third threshold.

[0520] Optionally, the device switching device 80 includes:

[0521] The second reporting module is configured to report fourth information to a management device when the fifth metrics between each candidate third device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of a fourth threshold, and the first device and the sixth device are the same device, where the fourth information is used to indicate that the fifth metrics between each candidate third device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the fourth threshold;

[0522] Alternatively, when the fifth metrics between each candidate third device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the fourth threshold, and the first device is a management device different from the sixth device, report fifth information to a service initiator, where the fifth information is used to indicate that the fifth metrics between each candidate third device and the fifth device do not meet the requirements of the fourth threshold.

[0523] Optionally, the device switching device 80 includes:

[0524] The third reporting module is configured to report sixth information to a management device when the sixth metrics of the cascaded links between each candidate second device, the fifth device, and each candidate third device do not meet the requirements of a fifth threshold, and the first device and the fourth device or the sixth device are the same device, where the sixth information is used to indicate that the sixth metrics of the cascaded links between each candidate second device, the fifth device, and each candidate third device do not meet the requirements of the fifth threshold;

[0525] Alternatively, when the sixth metric of the cascade links between each of the candidate second devices, the fifth device, and each of the candidate third devices does not meet the requirement of the fifth threshold, and the first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, report seventh information to the service initiator, where the seventh information is used to indicate that the sixth metric of the cascade links between each of the candidate second devices, the fifth device, and each of the candidate third devices does not meet the requirement of the fifth threshold.

[0526] Optionally, the selection module 81 is specifically configured to: select the target second device from the first pre-switching device list, or select the target third device from the second pre-switching device list.

[0527] Optionally, the device switching device 80 further includes:

[0528] a building module, configured to build or update the first pre-switching device list according to the eighth information, or build or update the second pre-switching device list; the eighth information includes at least one of the following:

[0529] the capability information of the candidate device;

[0530] the subscription information of the candidate device;

[0531] the permission information of the candidate device;

[0532] the location information of the candidate device;

[0533] the requirement information of the first service or the second service;

[0534] the prior information of the first service or the second service.

[0535] Optionally, the building module is specifically configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0536] When it is determined that there is no need to switch the device for executing the service, build or update the first pre-switching device list, or build or update the second pre-switching device list;

[0537] When the first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of the sixth threshold, build or update the first pre-switching device list; or when the second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the seventh threshold, build or update the second pre-switching device list;

[0538] When the third metric of the cascade link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the eighth threshold, build or update the first pre-switching device list, or build or update the second pre-switching device list;

[0539] Periodically update the first pre-switching device list or the second pre-switching device list.

[0540] Optionally, the device switching device 80 further includes:

[0541] A third receiving module for at least one of the following:

[0542] Receive a fifth signaling sent by the target second device, where the fifth signaling is used to indicate that the target second device agrees or refuses to execute the first service;

[0543] Receive a sixth signaling sent by the target third device, where the sixth signaling is used to indicate that the target third device agrees or refuses to execute the second service.

[0544] Optionally, the device switching device 80 further includes:

[0545] A first execution module for stopping the execution of the first service when the first device and the fourth device are the same device and the first event or the first condition is satisfied; the first condition includes at least one of the following:

[0546] The target second device starts to execute the first service;

[0547] The first device receives the fifth signaling sent by the target second device, and the fifth signaling indicates that the target second device agrees to execute the first service;

[0548] The first device receives a seventh signaling sent by the management device, and the seventh signaling indicates that the first device stops executing the first service;

[0549] The first metric when the first device executes the first service does not meet the requirement of the ninth threshold;

[0550] The third metric of the cascaded link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the tenth threshold;

[0551] The seventh metric when the target second device executes the first service meets the requirement of the eleventh threshold.

[0552] Optionally, the device switching device 80 further includes:

[0553] A second execution module for stopping the execution of the second service when the first device and the sixth device are the same device and the first event or the second condition is satisfied; the second condition includes at least one of the following:

[0554] The target third device starts to execute the second service;

[0555] The first device receives a sixth signaling sent by the target third device, and the sixth signaling indicates that the target third device agrees to execute the second service;

[0556] The first device receives an eighth signaling sent by a management device, and the eighth signaling instructs the first device to stop executing the second service;

[0557] A second metric when the first device executes the second service does not meet the requirement of a twelfth threshold;

[0558] A third metric of a cascaded link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a thirteenth threshold;

[0559] An eighth metric when the target third device executes the second service meets the requirement of a fourteenth threshold.

[0560] The device switching apparatus 80 provided by an embodiment of the present application can implement Figure 2 each process implemented by the method embodiment shown, and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, details are not described herein again.

[0561] Please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 which is a schematic structural diagram of a device switching apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application. The apparatus is applied to a second device, as Figure 9 shown. The device switching apparatus 90 includes:

[0562] A fourth receiving module 91, configured to receive a first signaling sent by a first device; wherein, the first signaling is used to instruct to switch a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device from the fourth device to the second device for execution, the second device is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied, and there is a second service related to the first service between the fifth device and a sixth device.

[0563] Optionally, the first device satisfies any one of the following:

[0564] The first device and the fourth device are the same device;

[0565] The first device and the sixth device are the same device;

[0566] The first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, and the management device includes at least one of the following: a core network management function network element, an access network device, a terminal, and an application server.

[0567] Optionally, the first event includes at least one of the following:

[0568] The first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of the first threshold;

[0569] The second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the second threshold;

[0570] The resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service;

[0571] The resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service;

[0572] The power of the fourth device or the sixth device is insufficient;

[0573] The fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state;

[0574] The fourth device or the sixth device has software and hardware failures.

[0575] Optionally, the device switching device 90 further includes:

[0576] A fourth sending module, configured to send a fifth signaling to the first device, where the fifth signaling is used to instruct the second device to agree or refuse to execute the first service.

[0577] Optionally, the first signaling includes at least one of the following:

[0578] The requirement information of the first service;

[0579] The requirement information of the service composed of the first service and the second service;

[0580] The prior information of the first service;

[0581] The prior information of the service composed of the first service and the second service;

[0582] The signal parameters required to execute the first service;

[0583] The device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device;

[0584] The information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device.

[0585] Optionally, the device switching device 90 further includes:

[0586] A first determination module, configured to determine the signal parameters required to execute the first service according to the information carried in the first signaling;

[0587] A third execution module, configured to execute the first service according to the signal parameters.

[0588] Optionally, the device switching device 90 further includes:

[0589] A second obtaining module, configured to obtain a seventh metric when executing the first service;

[0590] Wherein, the seventh metric includes at least one of the following:

[0591] Signal strength information;

[0592] Signal quality information;

[0593] Communication link statistics information;

[0594] An operation value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistics information;

[0595] A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistics information;

[0596] A smoothed filtered value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistics information.

[0597] Optionally, the device switching device 90 further includes:

[0598] A fifth sending module, configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0599] Send the seventh metric to the first device;

[0600] Send a third indication to the first device, where the third indication is used to indicate whether the seventh metric meets the requirement of an eleventh threshold.

[0601] The device switching device 90 provided in the embodiments of the present application can implement Figure 3 each process implemented by the method embodiment shown, and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0602] Please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 which is a schematic structural diagram of a device switching device provided in an embodiment of the present application. This device is applied to a third device. As Figure 10 shown, the device switching device 100 includes:

[0603] A fifth receiving module 101, configured to receive a second signaling sent by a first device; wherein, the second signaling is used to indicate to switch the second service between a fifth device and a sixth device from the sixth device to the third device for execution, and the third device is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied, and there is a first service related to the second service between the fifth device and a fourth device.

[0604] Optionally, the first device satisfies any of the following:

[0605] The first device and the fourth device are the same device;

[0606] The first device and the sixth device are the same device;

[0607] The first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, and the management device includes at least one of the following: a core network management function network element, an access network device, a terminal, and an application server.

[0608] Optionally, the first event includes at least one of the following:

[0609] A first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of a first threshold;

[0610] A second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a second threshold;

[0611] The resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service;

[0612] The resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service;

[0613] The power of the fourth device or the sixth device is insufficient;

[0614] The fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state;

[0615] The fourth device or the sixth device has software and hardware failures.

[0616] Optionally, the device switching device 100 further includes:

[0617] A sixth sending module, configured to send a sixth signaling to the first device, where the sixth signaling is used to instruct the third device to agree or refuse to execute the second service.

[0618] Optionally, the second signaling includes at least one of the following:

[0619] Requirement information of the second service;

[0620] Requirement information of a service composed of the first service and the second service;

[0621] Prior information of the second service;

[0622] Prior information of a service composed of the first service and the second service;

[0623] Signal parameters required to execute the second service;

[0624] The device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device;

[0625] Information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device.

[0626] Optionally, the device switching device 100 further includes:

[0627] A second determination module, configured to determine signal parameters required for executing the second service according to the information carried in the second signaling;

[0628] A fourth execution module, configured to execute the second service according to the signal parameters.

[0629] Optionally, the device switching device 100 further includes:

[0630] A third acquisition module, configured to acquire an eighth metric when executing the second service;

[0631] Wherein, the eighth metric includes at least one of the following:

[0632] Signal strength information;

[0633] Signal quality information;

[0634] Communication link statistical information;

[0635] An operation value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information;

[0636] A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information;

[0637] A smoothed filtered value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information.

[0638] Optionally, the device switching device 100 further includes:

[0639] A seventh sending module, configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0640] Send the eighth metric to the first device;

[0641] Send a fourth indication to the first device, where the fourth indication is used to indicate that the eighth metric does not meet the requirements of the fourteenth threshold.

[0642] The device switching device 100 provided in the embodiments of the present application can implement Figure 4 Each process implemented by the method embodiment shown and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0643] As Figure 11As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 110, including a processor 111 and a memory 112. A program or instruction that can run on the processor 111 is stored on the memory 112. For example, when the communication device 110 is the first device, when the program or instruction is executed by the processor 111, it implements the above Figure 2 steps of each embodiment of the device switching method shown, and can achieve the same technical effects. When the communication device 110 is the second device, when the program or instruction is executed by the processor 111, it implements the above Figure 3 steps of each embodiment of the device switching method shown, and can achieve the same technical effects. When the communication device 110 is the third device, when the program or instruction is executed by the processor 111, it implements the above Figure 4 steps of each embodiment of the device switching method shown, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0644] An embodiment of the present application further provides a readable storage medium. A program or instruction is stored on the readable storage medium. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, it implements each process of the above device switching method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0645] Among them, the processor is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory ROM, random access memory RAM, magnetic disks, or optical discs, etc. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transitory readable storage medium.

[0646] Another embodiment of the present application provides a chip. The chip includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run a program or instruction to implement each process of the above device switching method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0647] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as a system-on-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-chip, etc.

[0648] Another embodiment of the present application provides a computer program / program product. The computer program / program product is stored in a storage medium. The computer program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement each process of the above device switching method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0649] The embodiments of the present application further provide a communication system, including at least two of a first device, a second device, a third device, a fourth device, a fifth device, and a sixth device. The first device can be used to execute the steps of the device switching method as described above Figure 2 shown, the second device can be used to execute the steps of the device switching method as described above Figure 3 shown, and the third device can be used to execute the steps of the device switching method as described above Figure 4 shown.

[0650] It should be noted that in this article, the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including a..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including that element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in a reverse order according to the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0651] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above embodiment methods can be implemented by means of a computer software product plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course also by hardware. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes several instructions for causing a terminal or a network-side device to execute the methods described in various embodiments of the present application.

[0652] The embodiments of the present application have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present application, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms of embodiments without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope protected by the claims. These embodiments are all within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device switching method, characterized in that, Including: When a first event is satisfied, a first device selects a target second device or a target third device; The first device sends a first signaling to the target second device or sends a second signaling to the target third device; wherein, the first signaling is used to instruct to switch a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device from the fourth device to the target second device for execution, and the second signaling is used to instruct to switch a second service between the fifth device and a sixth device from the sixth device to the target third device for execution, and the first service is related to the second service.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first device satisfies any one of the following: The first device and the fourth device are the same device; The first device and the sixth device are the same device; The first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, and the management device includes at least one of the following: a core network management function network element, an access network device, a terminal, and an application server.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The fifth device satisfies at least one of the following: The fifth device is one of a passive device, a semi-passive device, and an active device; The fifth device does not have the ability to measure signals; The fifth device does not have the ability to report information.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The service composed of the first service and the second service includes at least one of the following: Inventory type service; Communication type service; Positioning service; Sensing service; Control type service.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The first event includes at least one of the following: A first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of a first threshold; A second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a second threshold; The resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service; The resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service; The power of the fourth device or the sixth device is insufficient; The fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state; The fourth device or the sixth device has software and hardware failures.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The first signaling includes at least one of the following: Requirement information of the first service; Requirement information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; Prior information of the first service; Prior information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; Signal parameters required to execute the first service; Device identifier of the fifth device or radio network temporary identifier (RNTI); Information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device; Or, The second signaling includes at least one of the following: Requirement information of the second service; Requirement information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; Prior information of the second service; Prior information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; Signal parameters required to execute the second service; Device identifier of the fifth device or RNTI; Information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The method further includes: The first device performs at least one of the following: obtaining a first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device, obtaining a second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device; obtaining a third metric of a cascaded link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device; wherein any one of the first metric, the second metric, and the third metric includes at least one of the following: signal strength information; signal quality information; communication link statistical information; an operation value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; a predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; a smoothed filtered value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operation value includes at least one of the following: mean; variance or standard deviation; variance or standard deviation of residuals; prediction error covariance; state estimation error covariance.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that Any one of the first metric, the second metric, and the third metric is determined based on signals on resources in at least one of the following dimensions: time domain dimension; frequency domain dimension; code domain dimension; space domain dimension; energy dimension.

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that The obtaining of the first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device includes: If the first device and the fourth device are the same device, the first device obtains first data based on signal transmission between the fourth device and the fifth device, and performs a first operation on the first data to obtain the first metric; Or, If the first device is a management device different from the fourth device, the first device receives first data or a first measurement value from the fourth device, and performs a second operation on the first data or the first measurement value to obtain the first metric; wherein, the first data is obtained based on signal transmission between the fourth device and the fifth device, and the first measurement value is obtained by processing the first data.

11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, The obtaining of the second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device includes: If the first device and the sixth device are the same device, the first device obtains second data based on signal transmission between the fifth device and the sixth device, and performs a third operation on the second data to obtain the second metric; Or, If the first device is a management device different from the sixth device, the first device receives second data or a second measurement value from the sixth device, and performs a fourth operation on the second data or the second measurement value to obtain the second metric; wherein, the second data is obtained based on signal transmission between the fifth device and the sixth device, and the second measurement value is obtained by processing the second data.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that If the first device is the same as the fourth device or the sixth device, the method further includes: The first device sends first request information to a management device, wherein the first request information is used to request the management device to determine whether to switch the device for executing the first service or the second service.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The first request information includes at least one of the following: The event type of the first event; A first indication for indicating whether a device for executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched; The identifier of the device to which the first service or the second service needs to be switched.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, The method further includes: The first device receives a third signaling sent by the management device; wherein, the third signaling is used to indicate that there is no need to switch the device for executing the first service or the second service, or to indicate that the device for executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, If the first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, the method further includes: The first device receives second request information sent by the fourth device or the sixth device, wherein the second request information is used to request the first device to determine whether a device for executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein The second request information includes at least one of the following: The event type of the first event; A second indication for indicating whether a device for executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched; The identifier of the device to which the first service or the second service needs to be switched.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that The method further includes: The first device sends a fourth signaling to the fourth device or the sixth device; wherein, the fourth signaling is used to indicate that there is no need to switch the device for executing the first service or the second service, or to indicate that the device for executing the first service or the second service needs to be switched.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, The selecting the target second device or the target third device includes: The first device selects a plurality of candidate second devices or a plurality of candidate third devices; The first device selects the target second device from the plurality of candidate second devices, or selects the target third device from the plurality of candidate third devices.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein The selecting the plurality of candidate second devices or the plurality of candidate third devices includes: The first device selects the plurality of candidate second devices or the plurality of candidate third devices according to first information or acquired first configuration information; Wherein, the first information includes at least one of the following: The capability information of the candidate device; The subscription information of the candidate device; The permission information of the candidate device; The location information of the candidate device; The requirement information of the first service or the second service; The prior information of the first service or the second service; The first configuration information includes at least one of the following: The capability information of the pre-switching device; The subscription information of the pre-switching device; The permission information of the pre-switching device; The location information of the pre-switching device; The priority or sorting information of each pre-switching device; The switching time of each pre-switching device; The device identifier or RNTI of the Internet of Things device associated with each pre-switching device; The information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the Internet of Things device associated with each pre-switching device.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The selecting the target second device from the plurality of candidate second devices, or selecting the target third device from the plurality of candidate third devices includes at least one of the following: The first device selects the target second device from the multiple candidate second devices according to the fourth metric between each of the candidate second devices and the fifth device; The first device selects the target third device from the multiple candidate third devices according to the fifth metric between each of the candidate third devices and the fifth device; The first device selects the target second device from the multiple candidate second devices, or selects the target third device from the multiple candidate third devices, according to the sixth metric of the cascade link between each of the candidate second devices, the fifth device, and each of the candidate third devices.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein Any one of the fourth metric, the fifth metric, and the sixth metric includes at least one of the following: Signal strength information; Signal quality information; Communication link statistical information; An arithmetic value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; A smoothed filter value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information.

22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that, If the fourth metric between each of the candidate second devices and the fifth device does not meet the requirements of the third threshold, the method further includes: If the first device and the fourth device are the same device, the first device reports second information to the management device, and the second information is used to indicate that the fourth metric between each of the candidate second devices and the fifth device does not meet the requirements of the third threshold; Or, If the first device is a management device different from the fourth device, the first device reports third information to the service initiator, and the third information is used to indicate that the fourth metric between each of the candidate second devices and the fifth device does not meet the requirements of the third threshold.

23. The method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that, If the fifth metric between each of the candidate third devices and the fifth device does not meet the requirements of the fourth threshold, the method further includes: If the first device and the sixth device are the same device, the first device reports fourth information to the management device, and the fourth information is used to indicate that the fifth metric between each of the candidate third devices and the fifth device does not meet the requirements of the fourth threshold; Or, If the first device is a management device different from the sixth device, the first device reports fifth information to the service initiator, and the fifth information is used to indicate that the fifth metric between each of the candidate third devices and the fifth device does not meet the requirements of the fourth threshold.

24. The method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that, If the sixth metric of the cascade link between each of the candidate second devices, the fifth device, and each of the candidate third devices does not meet the requirements of the fifth threshold, the method further includes: If the first device is the same device as the fourth device or the sixth device, the first device reports sixth information to the management device, and the sixth information is used to indicate that the sixth metric of the cascade link between each of the candidate second devices, the fifth device, and each of the candidate third devices does not meet the requirements of the fifth threshold; Or, If the first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, the first device reports seventh information to the service initiator, where the seventh information is used to indicate that the sixth metrics of the cascade links between each of the candidate second devices, the fifth device, and each of the candidate third devices do not meet the requirements of the fifth threshold.

25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that The selecting the target second device or the target third device includes: The first device selects the target second device from a first pre-switching device list, or selects the target third device from a second pre-switching device list.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that, If the first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, the method further includes: The first device establishes or updates the first pre-switching device list, or establishes or updates the second pre-switching device list according to eighth information; Wherein, the eighth information includes at least one of the following: Capability information of the candidate device; Subscription information of the candidate device; License information of the candidate device; Location information of the candidate device; Requirement information of the first service or the second service; Prior information of the first service or the second service.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein The establishing or updating the first pre-switching device list, or establishing or updating the second pre-switching device list includes at least one of the following: When the first device determines that there is no need to switch the device for executing the service, the first device establishes or updates the first pre-switching device list, or establishes or updates the second pre-switching device list; When the first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirements of the sixth threshold, the first device establishes or updates the first pre-switching device list; or when the second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirements of the seventh threshold, the first device establishes or updates the second pre-switching device list; When the third metric of the cascade link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device does not meet the requirements of the eighth threshold, the first device establishes or updates the first pre-switching device list, or establishes or updates the second pre-switching device list; The first device periodically updates the first pre-switching device list or the second pre-switching device list.

28. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that, The method further includes at least one of the following: The first device receives a fifth signaling sent by the target second device, where the fifth signaling is used to indicate whether the target second device agrees or refuses to execute the first service; The first device receives a sixth signaling sent by the target third device, where the sixth signaling is used to indicate whether the target third device agrees or refuses to execute the second service.

29. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that If the first device and the fourth device are the same device, the method further includes: The first device stops executing the first service when the first event or the first condition is satisfied; Wherein, the first condition includes at least one of the following: The target second device starts to execute the first service; The first device receives the fifth signaling sent by the target second device, and the fifth signaling indicates that the target second device agrees to execute the first service; The first device receives a seventh signaling sent by a management device, and the seventh signaling instructs the first device to stop executing the first service; A first metric when the first device executes the first service does not meet the requirement of a ninth threshold; A third metric of a cascaded link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a tenth threshold; A seventh metric when the target second device executes the first service meets the requirement of an eleventh threshold.

30. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that If the first device and the sixth device are the same device, the method further includes: The first device stops executing the second service when the first event or a second condition is satisfied; Wherein, the second condition includes at least one of the following: The target third device starts to execute the second service; The first device receives a sixth signaling sent by the target third device, and the sixth signaling instructs the target third device to agree to execute the second service; The first device receives an eighth signaling sent by a management device, and the eighth signaling instructs the first device to stop executing the second service; A second metric when the first device executes the second service does not meet the requirement of a twelfth threshold; A third metric of a cascaded link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a thirteenth threshold; An eighth metric when the target third device executes the second service meets the requirement of a fourteenth threshold.

31. A device switching method, characterized in that, Includes: A second device receives a first signaling sent by a first device; wherein, the first signaling is used to instruct to switch a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device from the fourth device to the second device for execution, the second device is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied, and there is a second service related to the first service between the fifth device and a sixth device.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein The first device satisfies any one of the following: The first device and the fourth device are the same device; The first device and the sixth device are the same device; The first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, and the management device includes at least one of the following: a core network management function network element, an access network device, a terminal, an application server.

33. The method according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that The first event includes at least one of the following: A first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of a first threshold; A second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a second threshold; Resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service; Resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service; The fourth device or the sixth device has insufficient power; The fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state; The fourth device or the sixth device has software and hardware failures.

34. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 32, characterized in that, The method further includes: The second device sends a fifth signaling to the first device, and the fifth signaling is used to instruct the second device to agree or refuse to execute the first service.

35. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 34, characterized in that, The first signaling includes at least one of the following: Requirement information of the first service; Demand information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; Prior information of the first service; Prior information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; Signal parameters required to execute the first service; Device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device; Information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device.

36. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 35, characterized in that The method further includes: The second device determines the signal parameters required to execute the first service according to the information carried in the first signaling; The second device executes the first service according to the signal parameters.

37. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that, The method further includes: The second device obtains a seventh metric when executing the first service; Wherein, the seventh metric includes at least one of the following: Signal strength information; Signal quality information; Communication link statistical information; An operation value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; A smoothed filter value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information.

38. The method according to claim 37, wherein The method further includes at least one of the following: The second device sends the seventh metric to the first device; The second device sends a third indication to the first device, and the third indication is used to indicate whether the seventh metric meets the requirements of the eleventh threshold.

39. A device switching method, characterized in that, Including: The third device receives a second signaling sent by the first device; wherein, the second signaling is used to indicate that the second service between the fifth device and the sixth device is switched from the sixth device to the third device for execution, and the third device is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied, and there is a first service related to the second service between the fifth device and the fourth device.

40. The method according to claim 39, wherein The first device satisfies any one of the following: The first device and the fourth device are the same device; The first device and the sixth device are the same device; The first device is a management device different from the fourth device and the sixth device, and the management device includes at least one of the following: a core network management function network element, an access network device, a terminal, an application server.

41. The method according to claim 39 or 40, characterized in that, The first event includes at least one of the following: The first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirements of the first threshold; The second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirements of the second threshold; The resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service; The resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service; The power of the fourth device or the sixth device is insufficient; The fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state; The fourth device or the sixth device has software and hardware failures.

42. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 41, characterized in that, The method further includes: The third device sends a sixth signaling to the first device, and the sixth signaling is used to indicate whether the third device agrees or refuses to execute the second service.

43. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 42, characterized in that, The second signaling includes at least one of the following: Demand information of the second service; Demand information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; The prior information of the second service; The prior information of the service composed of the first service and the second service; The signal parameters required to execute the second service; The device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device; The information associated with the device identifier or RNTI of the fifth device.

44. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 43, characterized in that The method further includes: The third device determines the signal parameters required to execute the second service according to the information carried in the second signaling; The third device executes the second service according to the signal parameters.

45. The method according to claim 44, characterized in that, The method further includes: The third device obtains an eighth metric when executing the second service; Wherein, the eighth metric includes at least one of the following: Signal strength information; Signal quality information; Communication link statistical information; An operation value of at least two of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; A predicted value obtained based on at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information; A smoothed filtered value of at least one of signal strength information, signal quality information, and communication link statistical information.

46. The method according to claim 45, characterized in that, The method further includes at least one of the following: The third device sends the eighth metric to the first device; The third device sends a fourth indication to the first device, and the fourth indication is used to indicate that the eighth metric does not meet the requirement of the fourteenth threshold.

47. A device switching device, characterized in that, Includes: A selection module, configured to select a target second device or a target third device when a first event is satisfied; A first sending module, configured to send a first signaling to the target second device, or send a second signaling to the target third device; wherein, the first signaling is used to indicate that the first service between the fourth device and the fifth device is switched from the fourth device to the target second device for execution, and the second signaling is used to indicate that the second service between the fifth device and the sixth device is switched from the sixth device to the target third device for execution, and the first service is related to the second service.

48. The device according to claim 47, wherein, The first event includes at least one of the following: The first metric between the fourth device and the fifth device does not meet the requirement of the first threshold; The second metric between the fifth device and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of the second threshold; The resources of the fourth device are insufficient to continue executing the first service; The resources of the sixth device are insufficient to continue executing the second service; The power of the fourth device or the sixth device is insufficient; The fourth device or the sixth device is in an overheated state; The fourth device or the sixth device has software and hardware failures.

49. The device according to claim 47 or 48, characterized in that, If the device switching device is deployed on the fourth device, the device further includes: A first execution module, configured to stop executing the first service when the first event or the first condition is satisfied; Wherein, the first condition includes at least one of the following: The target second device starts to execute the first service; The fourth device receives a fifth signaling sent by the target second device, and the fifth signaling indicates that the target second device agrees to execute the first service; The fourth device receives a seventh signaling sent by a management device, and the seventh signaling instructs the fourth device to stop executing the first service; A first metric when the fourth device executes the first service does not meet the requirement of a ninth threshold; A third metric of a cascaded link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a tenth threshold; A seventh metric when the target second device executes the first service meets the requirement of an eleventh threshold. The device according to any one of claims 47 to 49, characterized in that, If a device switching device is deployed in the sixth device, the device further includes: A second execution module, configured to stop executing the second service when the first event or a second condition is satisfied; Wherein, the second condition includes at least one of the following: The target third device starts to execute the second service; The sixth device receives a sixth signaling sent by the target third device, and the sixth signaling instructs the target third device to agree to execute the second service; The sixth device receives an eighth signaling sent by a management device, and the eighth signaling instructs the sixth device to stop executing the second service; A second metric when the sixth device executes the second service does not meet the requirement of a twelfth threshold; A third metric of a cascaded link between the fourth device, the fifth device, and the sixth device does not meet the requirement of a thirteenth threshold; An eighth metric when the target third device executes the second service meets the requirement of a fourteenth threshold.

51. A device switching device, characterized in that, Includes: A fourth receiving module, configured to receive a first signaling sent by a first device; wherein, the first signaling is used to instruct to switch a first service between a fourth device and a fifth device from the fourth device to a second device for execution, and the second device is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied, and there is a second service related to the first service between the fifth device and a sixth device.

52. The device according to claim 51, characterized in that, The device further includes: A fourth sending module, configured to send a fifth signaling to the first device, and the fifth signaling is used to instruct the second device to agree or refuse to execute the first service.

53. A device switching device, characterized in that, Includes: A fifth receiving module, configured to receive a second signaling sent by a first device; wherein, the second signaling is used to instruct to switch a second service between a fifth device and a sixth device from the sixth device to a third device for execution, and the third device is selected by the first device when a first event is satisfied, and there is a first service related to the second service between the fifth device and a fourth device.

54. The device according to claim 53, characterized in that, The device further includes: A sixth sending module, configured to send a sixth signaling to the first device, and the sixth signaling is used to instruct the third device to agree or refuse to execute the second service.

55. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes a processor and a memory, the memory stores a program or instruction that can run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the device switching method according to any one of claims 1 to 30, or implements the steps of the device switching method according to any one of claims 31 to 38, or implements the steps of the device switching method according to any one of claims 39 to 46.

56. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The program or instructions are stored on the readable storage medium, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the device switching method described in any one of claims 1 to 30 are implemented, or the steps of the device switching method described in any one of claims 31 to 38 are implemented, or the steps of the device switching method described in any one of claims 39 to 46 are implemented.

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