Glass article and method of making same

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to glass articles. The glass article includes a first region having a first bulk density. The glass article further includes a second region adjoining the first region and having a second bulk density different from the first bulk density. The glass article is phase separated between the first region and the second region.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 426,852, filed on Nov. 21, 2022, under 35 U.S.C.§119, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present disclosure relates to glass articles, and more particularly to glass articles having phase separation between two regions. Background Art

[0004] Glass materials may have undesirable reflection characteristics. These undesirable characteristics may have a negative impact on a user's ability to observe through the glass. Accordingly, there is a need to develop glass articles that minimize the negative reflection characteristics of the articles. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0005] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of light reflected on a single - layer thin - film coating.

[0006] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram depicting light reflected on a single - layer thin - film coating.

[0007] Figure 3 is a graph showing the minimum luminous reflectance (%) of the first and second regions versus packing density.

[0008] FIG. 4 is two graphs showing the sensitivity of the first region (top) and the second region (bottom) of a glass article.

[0009] Figure 5 is a graph showing the minimum luminous reflectance (%) of the first region of a glass article versus the optimized thickness.

[0010] Figure 6 is a graph showing the minimum luminous reflectance (%) of the second region of a glass article versus the optimized thickness.

[0011] Figure 7 is a graph showing the minimum luminous reflectance (%) versus the product of packing density and layer thickness.

[0012] Figure 8 is a series of graphs showing the effect of tolerance of packing density and thickness variation on reflectance (%). Angle of incidence = 0°.

[0013] Figure 9 is a graph showing the standard deviation (%) of the minimum R versus the deviation of thickness and refractive index.

[0014] Figure 10 is a graph showing the use ofFigure 5 Graph of reflectance spectra (%) of the optimal parameters in

[0015] Figure 11 is a graph showing the Figure 5 photopic reflectance (%) of the optimal parameters in

[0016] Figure 12 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the surface of laminated glass having a transmittance of approximately 99% in the visible light range. There are approximately two porous layers having thicknesses of 125 nm and 100 nm, respectively. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a phase-separated glass article. The glass article includes a first region having a first packing density. The glass article further includes a second region adjacent to the first region and having a second packing density different from the first packing density.

[0018] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of manufacturing a phase-separated glass article. The glass article includes a first region having a first packing density. The glass article further includes a second region adjacent to the first region and having a second packing density different from the first packing density. The method includes heating a glass article precursor to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the glass article precursor. The method further includes contacting the heated glass article precursor with an etchant to form a plurality of pores. The method further includes contacting the etched glass article precursor with water to form the glass article. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Certain embodiments of the disclosed subject matter will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in part in the accompanying drawings. While the disclosed subject matter will be described in connection with the enumerated claims, it should be understood that the illustrated subject matter is not intended to limit the claims to the disclosed subject matter.

[0020] Throughout this document, values expressed in a range format should be understood in a flexible manner to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range but also all individual numerical values or sub-ranges subsumed within that range, as if each numerical value and sub-range were explicitly recited. For example, a range of "about 0.1% to about 5%" or "about 0.1% to 5%" should be understood to include not only about 0.1% to about 5%, but also individual values within the indicated range (e.g., 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and sub-ranges (e.g., 0.1% to 0.5%, 1.1% to 2.2%, 3.3% to 4.4%). Unless otherwise specified, the expression "about X to Y" has the same meaning as "about X to about Y". Similarly, unless otherwise specified, the statement "about X, Y, or about Z" has the same meaning as "about X, about Y, or about Z".

[0021] As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the terms "a", "an", or "the" are used to include one or more than one. Unless otherwise specified, the term "or" is used to mean a non-exclusive "or". The statement "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" has the same meaning as "A, B, or A and B". In addition, it should be understood that terms or phrases used herein and not otherwise defined are for descriptive purposes only and are not limiting. Any use of section headings is intended to aid in reading the document and should not be construed as limiting; information related to a section heading may appear within or outside of the particular section.

[0022] In the methods described herein, except when a time or order of operations is explicitly recited, actions may be performed in any order without departing from the principles of the invention. In addition, the specified actions may be performed simultaneously unless the explicit claim language recites that they are to be performed separately. For example, the claimed action of doing X and the claimed action of doing Y may be performed simultaneously within a single operation, and the resulting process will fall within the literal scope of the claimed process.

[0023] As used herein, the term "about" may allow for a degree of variability in a value or range, for example, within 10%, 5%, or 1% of the stated value or the limits of the stated range, and includes the exact stated value or range.

[0024] As used herein, the term "substantially" means mostly or mainly, such as at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%, 99.99%, or at least about 99.999% or more, or 100%.

[0025] As used herein, the term "substantially free of" may mean having none or having a negligible amount such that the amount of the material present does not affect the material properties of the composition including the material, and thus the composition contains from about 0 wt% to about 5 wt% of the material, or from about 0 wt% to about 1 wt%, or about 5 wt% or less, or less than or equal to about 4.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 2 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.01 wt% or about 0.001 wt% or less, or about 0 wt%.

[0026] The term "glass article" is used in its broadest sense and includes any object made in whole or in part of glass. Glass articles include laminates of glass and non - glass materials, laminates of glass and crystalline materials, and glass - ceramics (including amorphous and crystalline phases). Glass articles can be transparent or opaque and can optionally include colorants that provide a specific color.

[0027] Reflection of a glass article occurs at two interfaces between air and glass. At normal incidence, typically about 8% of the light incident on the glass is reflected. One way to mitigate this behavior is by using an anti - reflective (AR) coating on the glass surface, which reduces the intensity of the reflected light. Such a coating includes a single layer or a stack of low - refractive - index and high - refractive - index materials that are used to destructively interfere with the different reflections from the stack. Constructing a good anti - reflective coating over the visible wavelength range or greater typically requires the application of multiple different coatings. On the other hand, an anti - glare (AG) approach works by scattering the incident light away from the specular direction. This is typically achieved by patterning the surface through etching, textured coatings, or bulk scatterers.

[0028] However, depositing multiple - layer coatings is expensive, time - consuming, and can be an extremely difficult process to control. On the other hand, masking the glass and etching it to texture the surface is also a costly process.

[0029] As shown in the present disclosure, a combination of anti - reflective and anti - glare properties can be achieved by utilizing a glass that undergoes phase separation after heat treatment and then etching one of the phases to obtain a porous coating.

[0030] Glass articles capable of achieving the above anti-reflection and anti-glare properties are those that include a glass material capable of phase separation. Examples of such glass materials include borosilicate glass. Examples of suitable borosilicate glasses are glasses that include from about 50 mol% to about 70 mol% SiO2; from about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% Al2O3; from about 5 mol% to about 19 mol% B2O3; from about 3 mol% to about 10 mol% CaO; from about 0 mol% to about 7 mol% K2O; from about 1 mol% to about 10 mol% MgO, from about 0.5 mol% to about 5 mol% SrO; and from about 0.01 mol% to about 1 mol% SnO2. Examples of suitable borosilicate glasses are glasses that include from about 60 mol% to about 65 mol% SiO2; from about 7 mol% to about 11 mol% Al2O3; from about 9 mol% to about 17 mol% B2O3; from about 5 mol% to about 9 mol% CaO; from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol% K2O; from about 2 mol% to about 7 mol% MgO, from about 1 mol% to about 3.5 mol% SrO; and from about 0.06 mol% to about 0.08 mol% SnO2. In some additional examples, the glass article can include lithium, sodium, or a mixture thereof.

[0031] Any suitable method known in the art can be used to strengthen the glass article, including by introducing a compressive stress (CS) into the glass article, the stress extending from the surface to a depth of compression (DOC); by taking advantage of a mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between parts of the glass article to create a region of compressive stress and a central region exhibiting tensile stress; thermally by heating the glass article to a temperature above the glass transition point and then rapidly quenching; and chemically by ion exchange, where, for example, ions at or near the surface of the glass article are replaced or exchanged with larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state.

[0032] The thickness of the glass article can be adjusted to allow the glass article to be more flexible to achieve a desired radius of curvature. The thickness of the glass article can be substantially constant along the length of the glass article. The glass article can have any suitable thickness from about 0.2 mm to about 3 mm (such as from about 0.2 mm to about 2 mm and from about 0.4 mm to about 1.1 mm). In addition, once incorporated into a glass structure, the glass article can have any suitable bending radius or radius of curvature. The radius of curvature can be, for example, about 20 mm or greater, 40 mm or greater, 50 mm or greater, 60 mm or greater, 100 mm or greater, 250 mm or greater or 500 mm or greater. For example, the radius of curvature can be in the range of about 60 mm to about 1200 mm. Additionally, the glass article can have any suitable width, such as in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm; and any suitable length, such as in the range of about 5 cm to about 250 cm.

[0033] As previously mentioned, the anti-reflection and anti-glare properties of the glass article are determined by the packing density in the glass article. Specifically, the glass article is designed to include at least two regions, each region having a different packing density. The first region and the second region are adjacent to each other and generally extend across the entire width of the glass article. The packing density of the first region is in the range of about 10% to about 30%, about 15% to about 25%, less than, equal to, or greater than about 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29% or about 30%. The packing density of the second region is in the range of about 20% to about 40%, about 25% to 35%, less than, equal to, or greater than about 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39% or about 40%. In some aspects, the packing density of the first region is less than the packing density of the second region.

[0034] The corresponding packing densities of the first region and the second region are a measure of the porosity of the corresponding regions. For example, if the first region has a packing density of 20%, it means that 20% of the total volume of the first region is porous and is thus filled with air. The pores in the first region and the second region are through-holes. The through-holes can independently have a width in the range of about 10 nm to about 50 nm, about 20 nm to about 40 nm, less than, equal to, or greater than about 10 nm, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or about 50 nm.

[0035] The difference in packing density between the first region and the second region creates a refractive index gradient in the glass article. The refractive index of the first region is in the range of from about 1 to about 1.5, from about 1.05 to about 1.2, less than, equal to, or greater than about 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, or about 1.5. The refractive index of the second region is in the range of from about 1.1 to about 1.6, from about 1.2 to about 1.4, less than, equal to, or greater than about 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, or about 1.6. The glass article is designed such that the refractive index of the first region is less than the refractive index of the second region.

[0036] Having a refractive index approaching a value of 1 helps to reduce the reflection of light on the glass article. The gradient created by the first region and the second region further helps to reduce the reflection of light on the glass article.

[0037] The first region forms the outer surface of the glass article. The surface roughness of the first region can be in the range of from about 5 nm to about 15 nm, from about 7 nm to about 9 nm, less than, equal to, or greater than about. As further described herein, the surface roughness in the first region can be formed by contacting the first region with an etchant. The protrusions, peaks, and / or valleys attributable to the surface roughness can conform to a predetermined pattern or a random pattern. The surface roughness imparted to the glass article helps to increase the anti-glare properties of the glass article. Thus, the combination of the refractive index gradient between the first region and the second region and the surface roughness of the first region provides a glass article that can exhibit good anti-reflection and anti-glare properties. As further described herein, the methods associated with forming the glass article are easy and relatively inexpensive, thereby increasing the advantageous nature of the present disclosure.

[0038] As described above, the glass material is a material capable of phase separation. This results in an uneven composition distribution around the first and second regions of the glass article. For example, the first region can be rich in silicate, and the second region can be rich in boron.

[0039] The glass article of the present disclosure can be formed by heating a glass article precursor to a temperature above its glass transition temperature. The glass article precursor refers to a glass article that has not phase-separated. The exact temperature to which the glass article precursor will be heated will depend on the glass article precursor itself. However, as a non-limiting example, the glass article precursor can be heated to a temperature in the range of about 307 °C to about 1000 °C, about 650 °C to about 900 °C, less than, equal to, or greater than about 307, 310, 315, 320, 325, 330, 335, 340, 345, 350, 355, 360, 365, 370, 375, 380, 385, 390, 395, 400, 405, 410, 415, 420, 425, 430, 435, 440, 445, 450, 455, 460, 465, 470, 475, 480, 485, 490, 495, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, 810, 820, 830, 840, 850, 860, 870, 880, 890, 900, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 990 or about 1000 °C. The heating can continue for an amount of time in the range of about 0.1 hour to about 10 hours, about 0.5 hour to about 8 hours, less than, equal to, or greater than about 0.1 hour, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or about 10 hours. The heating can be carried out in one step or in multiple steps.

[0040] After heating, the surface of the first region is exposed to an etchant. The etchant is a chemical etchant. Examples of suitable etchants include organic acids, inorganic acids, or mixtures thereof. Examples of organic acids include citrate or acetate. Examples of inorganic acids include HF, HNO3, or H2SO4. If desired, the acid can be buffered. The etchant and the glass article can be contacted in any suitable manner. For example, regions of the glass article that are not desired to be etched can be protected with a mask. The mask can be formed from a material that is resistant or chemically inert to the etchant. Alternatively, the surface of the first region can be selectively contacted with the etchant. In some additional examples, a mask having a plurality of openings can be positioned over the surface of the first region such that the etchant only interacts with the desired portions of the first region. The glass article can be in continuous contact with the etchant. Alternatively, the etchant can intermittently contact the glass article. The etching can be carried out for a time period ranging from about 0.5 minutes to about 30 minutes, from about 1 minute to about 15 minutes, less than, equal to, or greater than about 0.5 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.5, 12, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, or about 15 minutes. The longer the glass article is exposed to the etchant, the deeper the etchant will penetrate into the surface of the first region.

[0041] The glass article can be an integral article of glass. In other examples, the glass article can be a part of a glass laminate. For example, the glass article can be in direct contact with a glass article having a different chemical composition than the glass article. The glass article can not have the same anti-reflection properties, anti-glare properties, or both as the glass article. Thus, the glass article can be used to provide beneficial properties to an existing glass article. Another potential benefit of including the glass article in a laminate structure is that phase separation only occurs on the relatively thin glass article, which has a smaller impact on the optical properties of the existing glass article, if these properties are desired.

[0042] Example

[0043] In the present disclosure, a bilayer surface treatment model has been developed to approximate the porous surface of glass, which significantly reduces the reflectivity of the glass surface. The reflection from the glass can be optimized by adjusting the refractive indices (packing densities) and thicknesses of the two layers. The model is based on the theoretical derivation of the reflectivity of a bilayer AR coating as a function of the packing density (PD) and thickness of each layer. The AR properties of the coating can be further improved by controlling the experimental factors (heat treatment time / temperature and etching conditions) that determine the packing density and thickness of the porous coating. By using the model, we have conducted an optimization study by exploring the parameter space of the packing density and thickness to obtain the lowest reflectivity for each surface.

[0044] Theoretical Calculation and Modeling of Double-Layer Surface Treatment

[0045] The calculation of the double-layer coating is based on multiple interferences between the reflected light and the transmitted light in the thin film stack. Since the refractive index of the porous layer is between that of glass and air, it is determined by the packing density.

[0046] n = PD × n 玻璃 +(1 - PD)×n 空气 。 (1)

[0047] The theoretical calculation of the reflectivity of the double-layer coating can be found in classical optical physics books. For the completeness of this disclosure, it is included herein. Regarding the first layer (or first region) as shown in Figure 2 , when light is emitted into the coating, a part of the light is transmitted into the medium, and the remaining part (e.g., the second part or second region) is reflected, neglecting material absorption. The transmitted light can also be reflected or transmitted, so the total reflected light is the interference of reflected lights 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. Assume that θ1 is the angle of incidence, θ2 is the angle of refraction, and r1 and r2 are the reflection coefficients on the top and bottom surfaces of the coating. If the refractive index of the medium of the incident light is n1 and the refractive index of the coating is n2, and the coating thickness is d2. The effective amplitude reflection coefficient of a single-layer thin film is

[0048]

[0049] where and ω is the light frequency. The term exp(−iωt) can be ignored when we calculate the light intensity.

[0050] Next, check the light reflected on the double-layer film, as shown in Figure 3 . n0, n1, n2, and n are the refractive indices of air, layer 1 and layer 2, and the article, respectively. Here, glass is used as the article. First, the effective reflection coefficient of layer 2 and the article together can be written using Equation 2:

[0051]

[0052] where Then the total reflection coefficient of the double-layer film is

[0053]

[0054] where Now the intensity reflectivity is

[0055] R(λ) = r·r * , (5)

[0056] Where the asterisk represents the complex conjugate of the amplitude reflection coefficient.

[0057] And the specular reflectance is calculated by the following formula:

[0058]

[0059] Where I(λ) is the source spectrum and we use the D65 source, and y(λ) is the color matching function. It can be seen from Equation 6 that the specular reflectance of the double-layer coating is a function of the coating parameters. Therefore, we can scan and optimize the layer parameters. We established a model for calculating and optimizing the parameters of the porous layer based on this calculation.

[0060] Optimization of Simulation Results and Tolerance Analysis

[0061] To determine the minimum specular reflectance of the double-layer coating, the packing densities of the two layers PD1 and PD2 were studied. For each combination of PD1 and PD2, the reflectance was minimized by adjusting the thicknesses of the two layers. Figure 4 shows the calculated minimum average specular reflectance as a function of PD1 and PD2. The average specular reflectance was calculated by averaging the reflectances at incident angles of 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°. When PD1 = 0.2 and PD2 = 0.68, the minimum average specular reflectance is 0.0049%, and the optimal thicknesses of the two layers are 125.2 nm and 101 nm, respectively. In addition, there is a region with low reflectance in Figure 4, where PD1 increases linearly with PD2 with a slope of about 2 / 3. This is good information for processing, and we can easily increase or decrease the packing densities of the two layers.

[0062] This model can also be applied to analyze the tolerances of the layer parameters. Figure 5 The specular reflectance along the yellow line in Figure 4 was plotted against PD1 and PD2. It can be seen that as long as PD1 varies linearly with PD2, a reflectance of less than 0.04% can be achieved in the range where PD1 is between 0.1 and 0.3 and PD2 is between 0.55 and 0.85. Figure 6 The specular reflectance was plotted against the optimal layer thickness when we scanned the combination of packing densities in Figure 4. Figure 7 The relationship between the specular reflectance and the product of the packing density and the layer thickness is given. Figure 6 And Figure 7 Provides information on how the reflectance varies with the layer thickness and the optical path length, and the blue region indicates the tolerances of the layer thickness and the optical path length.

[0063] Figure 8Shows the histogram of the luminous reflectance when the layer parameters deviate from the optimum point. The deviations are 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 respectively. The X-axis is the luminous reflectance (Y), and the width of the histogram increases with the parameter deviation, which provides us with a criterion for analyzing the layer parameter tolerance. When the incident angles are 0° and 30° respectively, in Figure 9 the standard deviation of the minimum reflectance is plotted as a function of the thickness and refractive index deviations. If the layer parameters have a deviation of 0.09, then the standard deviation of the minimum reflectance is about 0.53%. Therefore, the model constructs an estimation of the reflectance tolerance based on the layer parameters.

[0064] When using the optimum layer thickness and packing density for small incident angles, the reflectance is also considered as a function of the incident angle. Figure 10 Shows the reflectance spectra when the incident angle is from 0° to 60°. It can be seen that the reflectance increases with the incident angle. The relationship between the luminous reflectance and the incident angle is plotted in Figure 11 and the same conclusion can be drawn. When the incident angle is 60°, a very low luminous reflectance of about 1% can still be achieved.

[0065] Optimizing the Color of Reflective Surface Treatment

[0066] For several design parameters, consider those parameters that will produce varying color and reflectance characteristics. The following are 3 such designs that trade off between 2 properties.

[0067] Design 1: Rx = 0.13%, good reflection color

[0068]

[0069] Design 2: Rx = 0.003%, strong reflection color at high angles

[0070]

[0071] Design 3: Rx = 0.767%, extremely stable reflection color

[0072]

[0073] Application of the Model in Optimizing Sample Reflectivity

[0074] The optimized thickness of the double-layer coating in the model can be used to obtain the optimum porous layer thickness. The optimized refractive index can be achieved by adjusting the packing density of the porous layer. The porous layer thickness and packing density can be optimized by controlling the heating and etching conditions. Figure 11is one of the samples with the lowest reflectivity obtained experimentally so far. The thicknesses of the two layers are 125 nm and 100 nm respectively. These are in very good agreement with the modeling results of 125.2 nm and 101 nm respectively. In addition, Figure 1 the packing densities of layer 1 and layer 2 shown in

[0075] Exemplary Aspects.

[0076] The following exemplary aspects are provided, and the numbers of the exemplary aspects should not be construed as specifying a level of importance:

[0077] Aspect 1 provides a phase-separated glass article, the phase-separated glass article comprising:

[0078] a first region, the first region comprising a first packing density;

[0079] a second region, the second region adjacent to the first region and having a second packing density different from the first packing density, wherein:

[0080] the glass article is phase-separated between the first region and the second region.

[0081] Aspect 2 provides the phase-separated glass article according to aspect 1, wherein the first packing density is in the range of about 10% to about 30%.

[0082] Aspect 3 provides the phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 or 2, wherein the first packing density is in the range of about 15% to about 25%.

[0083] Aspect 4 provides the phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the second packing density is in the range of about 20% to about 40%.

[0084] Aspect 5 provides the phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the second packing density is in the range of about 25% to about 35%.

[0085] Aspect 6 provides the phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the first packing density is less than the second packing density.

[0086] Aspect 7 provides the phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the refractive index of the first region is in the range of about 1 to about 1.5.

[0087] Aspect 8 provides the phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the refractive index of the first region is in the range of about 1.05 to about 1.2.

[0088] Aspect 9 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the refractive index of the second region is in the range of about 1.1 to about 1.6.

[0089] Aspect 10 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the refractive index of the first region is in the range of about 1.2 to about 1.4.

[0090] Aspect 11 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the refractive index of the first region is less than the refractive index of the second region.

[0091] Aspect 12 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the glass article comprises borosilicate glass.

[0092] Aspect 13 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the glass article comprises a material capable of phase separation.

[0093] Aspect 14 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the glass article is a monolithic glass structure.

[0094] Aspect 15 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein the glass article is a laminate disposed on a core material.

[0095] Aspect 16 provides a phase-separated glass article according to aspect 15, wherein the core material is a second glass article.

[0096] Aspect 17 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the thicknesses of the first region and the second region are independently in the range of about 50 nm to about 200 nm.

[0097] Aspect 18 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 17, wherein the thicknesses of the first region and the second region are independently in the range of about 100 nm to about 150 nm.

[0098] Aspect 19 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 18, wherein the surface roughness of the first major surface of the glass article is in the range of about 5 nm to about 15 nm.

[0099] Aspect 20 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 19, wherein the surface roughness of the first major surface of the glass article is in the range of about 7 nm to about 9 nm.

[0100] Aspect 21 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 20, wherein the glass article includes a plurality of through-holes.

[0101] Aspect 22 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 21, wherein the plurality of through-holes independently have a width in the range of about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

[0102] Aspect 23 provides a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 22, wherein the plurality of through-holes independently have a width in the range of about 20 nm to about 40 nm.

[0103] Aspect 24 provides a method of manufacturing a phase-separated glass article according to any one of aspects 1 to 23, the method comprising:

[0104] heating a glass article precursor to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the glass article precursor;

[0105] contacting the heated glass article precursor with an etchant to form a plurality of holes; and

[0106] contacting the etched glass article precursor with water to form the glass article.

[0107] Aspect 25 provides the method according to aspect 24, wherein the etchant comprises HF, HNO3, buffered acid, citrate, acetate, or a mixture thereof.

[0108] Aspect 26 provides the method according to any one of aspects 24 or 25, wherein the glass transition temperature is in the range of about 650 °C to about 900 °C.

[0109] Aspect 27 provides the method according to any one of aspects 24 to 26, wherein the glass transition temperature is in the range of about 700 °C to about 800 °C.

[0110] comprising a surfactant shell that at least partially encapsulates a solid lipid matrix core.

[0111] The terms and expressions employed are used in a descriptive rather than a restrictive sense, and in using such terms and expressions there is no intention to exclude any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it should be recognized that various modifications may be made within the scope of the aspects of the present invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that although the present invention has been specifically disclosed by particular aspects and optional features, those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations to the concepts disclosed herein, and such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of the aspects of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phase-separated glass article, the phase-separated glass article comprising: A first region, the first region including a first packing density; A second region, the second region adjacent to the first region and having a second packing density different from the first packing density, wherein: The glass article is phase-separated between the first region and the second region.

2. The phase-separated glass article according to claim 1, wherein the first packing density is in the range of about 10% to about 30%.

3. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the first packing density is in the range of about 15% to about 25%.

4. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second packing density is in the range of about 20% to about 40%.

5. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second packing density is in the range of about 25% to about 35%.

6. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first packing density is less than the second packing density.

7. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the refractive index of the first region is in the range of about 1 to about 1.

5.

8. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the refractive index of the first region is in the range of about 1.05 to about 1.

2.

9. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the refractive index of the second region is in the range of about 1.1 to about 1.

6.

10. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the refractive index of the first region is in the range of about 1.2 to about 1.

4.

11. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the refractive index of the first region is less than the refractive index of the second region.

12. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the glass article comprises borosilicate glass.

13. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the glass article comprises a material capable of phase separation.

14. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the glass article is a monolithic glass structure.

15. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the glass article is a laminate disposed on a core material.

16. The phase-separated glass article according to claim 15, wherein the core material is a second glass article.

17. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the thicknesses of the first region and the second region are independently in the range of about 50 nm to about 200 nm.

18. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the thicknesses of the first region and the second region are independently in the range of about 100 nm to about 150 nm.

19. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the surface roughness of the first major surface of the glass article is in the range of about 5 nm to about 15 nm.

20. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the surface roughness of the first major surface of the glass article is in the range of about 7 nm to about 9 nm.

21. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the glass article includes a plurality of through-holes.

22. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the plurality of through-holes independently have a width in the range of about 10 nm to about 50 nm.

23. The phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the plurality of through-holes independently have a width in the range of about 20 nm to about 40 nm.

24. A method of manufacturing a phase-separated glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 23, the method comprising: heating a glass article precursor to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the glass article precursor; contacting the heated glass article precursor with an etchant to form a plurality of holes; and contacting the etched glass article precursor with water to form the glass article.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the etchant comprises HF, HNO3, buffered acid, citrate, acetate, or a mixture thereof.

26. The method according to any one of claims 24 or 25, wherein the glass transition temperature is in the range of about 650 °C to about 900 °C.

27. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the glass transition temperature is in the range of about 700 °C to about 800 °C.

Images