Compound management method for effectively promoting growth of Zelkova schneideriana

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound management method for effectively promoting growth of Zelkova schneideriana. The method comprises the following steps: selecting and treating cuttings, cutting hard-branch cuttings on a seed tree for sand storage and overwintering, taking out the cuttings, soaking the cuttings in a gibberellin solution and a rooting powder solution respectively, and intermittently introducing direct current in the soaking process; cutting scions for seedling raising: inserting the scions into a seedbed matrix for seedling raising; afforestation and interplanting are carried out, after a forest land is selected, planting is carried out according to the plant row spacing of 3 m * 4 m, ectomycorrhiza is mixed into planting holes during planting and soil returning, and soybeans or clovers are interplanted after planting is carried out for 1 month; forest management is conducted, topdressing is conducted 4 times every year 1-3 years after field planting, topdressing is conducted 3 times every year 4-8 years, and then topdressing is conducted 2 times every year; in 1-5 years, pruning lateral branches below 1 / 3 height of a trunk in winter every year, and pruning once in winter every two years after the sixth year of field planting; harvesting management, wherein after the soybeans are harvested, straw is smashed, turned and pressed in the zelkova serrata forest. The growth of the Zelkova schneideriana can be effectively promoted by adopting a forest-grass-fungus compound management mode, the timber forming period is shortened, and the comprehensive income is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of forestry planting, and in particular to a composite management method for effectively promoting the growth of large-leaf beech trees. Background Art

[0002] Beech, also known as big-leaf beech, is a deciduous tree with slow growth and long lifespan. The beech tree is tall and has strong wood. It can be used for furniture making and is an important economic tree species. Beech likes light and warm environment, and is suitable for growing in deep, fertile and moist soil. It has strong adaptability to soil, has long and deep roots, strong wind resistance, and is resistant to smoke and harmful gases. It mainly grows in mountains and plains below 500m above sea level. It is widely distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan in my country. The optimization of its planting and management technology is of key significance to increasing timber production, ensuring timber quality and improving the comprehensive economic benefits of forest land. However, there are many problems in the traditional beech planting and management methods, such as long timber cultivation cycle, many low-quality timber knots, and mostly single-species planting, which does not fully utilize forest space and resources or unreasonable interplanting selection, and cannot form a good symbiotic and complementary relationship with beech, and the economic added value of forest land has not been effectively improved.

[0003] Therefore, an innovative method of compound management of beech trees is urgently needed to solve the above problems and improve the comprehensive benefits of beech tree planting. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned background technology and provide a composite management method for effectively promoting the growth of big-leaf beech trees.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a composite management method for effectively promoting the growth of big-leaf beech trees, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Selection and treatment of cuttings: Select beech trees over 35 years old with straight trunks, strong growth, and no pests and diseases as mother trees. Cut the hard branch cuttings from the mother trees in early May to early June and store them in sand for overwintering. Take out the cuttings in February of the following year, soak them in gibberellin solution for 2 hours, and then transfer them to soak in rooting powder solution for 3 hours. During the soaking process, direct current is intermittently introduced, and the total electro-treatment time is 30 - 60 minutes. S2. Seedling raising of cuttings: Insert the cuttings into the substrate in the seedbed, keep the substrate humidity at 80% - 90%, and the temperature at 25 - 28°C. Spray 0.125% carbendazim solution every 5 days, and promptly remove the mildewed cuttings. After 20 - 30 days of cutting, the main root length is ≥15 cm, and when the seedling height reaches 50 - 80 cm, the seedlings are taken out of the nursery. S3. Afforestation and intercropping: Select hills, valleys, or flatlands with deep soil layers, loose and fertile soil as forest lands. After selecting the forest land, carry out site preparation and apply sufficient base fertilizers. Dig holes according to the plant spacing of 3m×4m and plant the beech tree cuttings taken out of the nursery. When backfilling the holes during planting, mix the inoculum of ectomycorrhizal fungi into the planting holes. One month after planting, plant soybeans or clover every 1m parallel to the row of beech tree cuttings between the rows of beech tree cuttings. Two years after the beech tree cuttings are planted, plant beech tree seedlings at intervals around the edge of the forest land. S4. Forest management: Pour sufficient root-fixing water when the beech tree cuttings are planted, and supplement watering once in the morning and once in the evening within 3 days after planting, and spray 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer. Carry out topdressing 4 times a year from the first year to the third year after planting, 3 times a year from the fourth year to the eighth year, and 2 times a year thereafter. From the first year to the fifth year after planting, cut off the side branches below 1 / 3 of the height of the main trunk every winter. After the sixth year of planting, prune once every two winters, and gradually raise the pruning height to 15 meters below the branches to ensure that there are no competing branches on the main trunk. When preparing the land for intercropping, apply 1000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure + 40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and keep the soil moisture content at 70% after planting. S5. Harvest management: When soybeans are sown for 80 - 100 days, pick the mature pods and then crush and turn under the straw in the beech forest. When the height of clover grows to 15 - 25 cm after being planted for 50 - 80 days, it is harvested and utilized. When harvesting each time, keep 5 - 8 cm of the stem stubble. After the ectomycorrhizal fungi are inoculated and form a stable symbiotic relationship with beech trees, the fruiting bodies can be harvested when they are mature.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the cuttings taken are semi-lignified hard branches of the current year, the cuttings are 10 - 20 cm long and 0.5 - 1.0 cm thick, and each cutting contains at least 1 strong and plump axillary bud. After taking out the cuttings stored in sand, cut the base of the cuttings at a 45° angle obliquely, cut the top flat, remove the lower leaves, and then tie them together.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 50-100 mg / L, the rooting powder solution is prepared by dissolving ABT No. 1 rooting powder in alcohol and then diluting it with water to a concentration of 200-300 mg / L, and the voltage of the direct current passed during the soaking process is 10-15 V, and the current density is 0.1-0.5 mA / cm 2 .

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the substrate is vermiculite: perlite: carbon black = 3:1:1, and a direct current with a voltage of 3-5 V and a current density of 10-30 μA / cm 2 is passed intermittently in the seedbed for electroprocessing.

[0010] Preferably, in step S3, in the first 3 years after the planting of Zelkova serrata, soybeans are first planted between the rows of the Zelkova serrata forest, and clover is planted between the rows after 3 years, and then rotation is carried out in a cycle of 3 years; the ectomycorrhizal fungi are any one of Boletus edulis, Lactarius deliciosus, Gomphidius viscidus and Pisolithus tinctorius. After inoculating the ectomycorrhizal fungi, a reflective film is covered overhead at a position 20-50 cm above the ground above the ectomycorrhizal fungi.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, topdressing is concentrated from March to August in the first to third years, and the application rates are 20 kg / acre of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg / acre of phosphate fertilizer, 10 kg / acre of potassium fertilizer, and 2500 kg / acre of decomposed organic fertilizer; topdressing is concentrated from April to September in the fourth to eighth years, and the application rates are 10 kg / acre of nitrogen fertilizer, 15 kg / acre of phosphate fertilizer, 15 kg / acre of potassium fertilizer, and 3000 kg / acre of decomposed organic fertilizer; after the eighth year, topdressing is carried out during the spring germination period and autumn every year, and the application rates are 7 kg / acre of nitrogen fertilizer, 20 kg / acre of phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg / acre of potassium fertilizer, and 3000 kg / acre of decomposed organic fertilizer.

[0012] Preferably, in step S4, starting from the fourth year, water control is carried out 1-2 times from May to July every year during the topdressing period to reduce the soil moisture content of the roots of Zelkova serrata to 50-60% of the forest field water holding capacity, and it lasts for 5-8 days each time.

[0013] Preferably, in step S4, when pruning after the fixed value of 6 years, a tree climbing pruner is used for pruning, the tree climbing pruner comprises a frame, clamping mounting seats are respectively installed on both sides of the frame, a clamping arm and a first telescopic push rod are hinged on the clamping mounting seat, one end of the clamping arm is rotatably provided with a clamping wheel, the other end of the clamping arm is hinged to the extended end of the first telescopic push rod, a climbing crawler is wrapped around the frame, the climbing crawler is connected to the climbing motor, a mounting platform is provided on the top of the frame, a first semicircular guide rail is provided on the mounting platform, a first half gear ring is provided on the first semicircular guide rail, A second semicircular guide rail is movably connected thereto, a first pushing motor is provided on the second semicircular guide rail, a first driving gear meshing with the first half gear ring is provided on the output end of the first pushing motor, a pruning platform is slidably connected thereto, a second pushing motor is provided on the pruning platform, a second half gear ring is provided on the second semicircular guide rail, a second driving gear meshing with the second half gear ring is provided on the output end of the second pushing motor, an electric chain saw is hinged at one end of the pruning platform away from the second pushing motor, a second telescopic push rod is provided on the pruning platform, and the protruding end of the second telescopic push rod is hinged to the bottom of the electric chain saw.

[0014] Preferably, a vibration mounting seat is provided on one side of the frame, a connecting arm and a third telescopic push rod are hinged on the vibration mounting seat, a vibration generator is provided at the distal end of the connecting arm, and the extended end of the third telescopic push rod is hinged to the other end of the connecting arm.

[0015] Preferably, a nozzle is provided on the pruning platform, and the nozzle is connected to a medicine storage tank provided on the frame through a hose.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention include: improving the survival rate of cuttings and the robustness of seedlings through the synergistic effect of gibberellins, rooting powder and electric current treatment, and generating trace amounts of active oxygen and metal ions in the matrix through electrolysis, inhibiting the reproduction of pathogens, reducing the risk of cutting cut rot, and completing seedling cultivation in 20-30 days for cutting hard branches, greatly shortening the seedling cultivation time; significantly improving the absorption efficiency of key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by beech trees through inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi, interplanting leguminous plants and reasonable water and fertilizer management, reducing the incidence of beech root rot, improving the afforestation survival rate, and further shortening the beech cultivation cycle; by overhead covering with reflective film, while ensuring that the ectomycorrhizal fungi have a good growth environment, the reflective film can increase the photosynthesis of the beech trees, further shortening the cultivation cycle; the method of the present invention adopts a forest-grass-fungus composite management model to effectively promote the growth of large-leaf beech trees, shorten the timber period, make full use of open space under the forest, and improve comprehensive benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the compound management method that effectively promotes the growth of Zelkova schneideriana in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is an overall schematic diagram of the tree climbing pruning shears in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is an installation schematic diagram of the first semi-circular guide rail and the second semi-circular guide rail in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1, frame; 2, clamping mounting seat; 3, clamping arm; 4, first telescopic push rod; 5, clamping wheel; 6, climbing crawler; 7, climbing motor; 8, mounting platform; 9, first semi-circular guide rail; 901, first semi-tooth ring; 10, second semi-circular guide rail; 1001, first pushing motor; 1002, first driving gear; 1003, second semi-tooth ring; 11, pruning platform; 1101, second pushing motor; 1102, second driving gear; 12, electric chain saw; 13, second telescopic push rod; 14, vibration mounting seat; 15, connecting arm; 16, third telescopic push rod; 17, vibration generator; 18, nozzle; 19, hose; 20, medicine storage tank; 21, handheld part. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved in the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below by combining the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, the connection can be for a fixing function or for an electrical connection function.

[0023] It should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0024] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0025] Embodiment 1:

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the composite management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana disclosed in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1. Selection and treatment of cuttings. Select a Zelkova schneideriana tree over 35 years old with a straight trunk, strong growth, and no pests and diseases as the mother tree. Cut the hardwood cuttings on the mother tree in early May to early June for winter storage in sand. The cuttings are semi-lignified hardwood of the current year, with a length of 10 - 20 cm and a thickness of 0.5 - 1.0 cm. Each cutting contains at least 1 strong and plump axillary bud. After taking out the cuttings in February of the following year, cut the base of the cuttings at a 45° angle near the node, cut the top flat, remove the lower leaves, and tie them together. Then soak them in a gibberellin solution for 2 hours and transfer to soak in a rooting powder solution for 3 hours. The concentration of the gibberellin solution is 50 - 100 mg / L, such as 50 mg / L, 60 mg / L, 70 mg / L, 80 mg / L, 90 mg / L, 100 mg / L, preferably 80 mg / L. The rooting powder solution is prepared by dissolving ABT No. 1 rooting powder in alcohol and then diluting it with water to a concentration of 200 - 300 mg / L, such as 200 mg / L, 250 mg / L, 300 mg / L, preferably 300 mg / L. During the soaking process, direct current is intermittently passed for electro-treatment. The voltage of the direct current is 10 - 15 V, and the current density is 0.1 - 0.5 mA / cm 2 , with a total electro-treatment time of 30 - 60 minutes. The treatment time is 30 minutes or 40 minutes or 50 minutes or 60 minutes, preferably 40 minutes.

[0027] S2. Seedling raising of cuttings. Insert the cuttings into the substrate in the seedbed. The insertion depth into the substrate is between 3 - 5 cm, and the plant spacing is 10×20 cm. The substrate is vermiculite:perlite:carbon black = 3:1:1. Insert electrode rods at both ends of the substrate in the seedbed. During the process of seedling raising of cuttings, intermittently pass a voltage of 3 - 5 V and a current density of 10 - 30 μA / cm 2Perform electroprocessing with direct current. Conduct power-on after watering in the morning and evening. The total daily power-on duration is 20 minutes. Control the substrate humidity at 80%-90% and the temperature in the range of 25-28°C. Spray 0.125% carbendazim solution every 5 days. Remove the moldy cuttings in time. Gradually acclimatize the seedlings after the rooting rate reaches 60%-80%. When the main root length is ≥15 cm and the seedling height is 50-80 cm after 20-30 days of cutting, the seedlings can be outplanted. When outplanted and transplanted, bring the soil ball.

[0028] S3. Afforestation and intercropping: Select hilly areas, valleys or flatlands with deep soil layers, loose and fertile soil as forest lands, with the soil pH being 5.0-7.0. After selecting the forest land, carry out site preparation and apply sufficient base fertilizers, such as well-rotted cake fertilizers or organic fertilizers, applying 2000-2500 kg of base fertilizers per mu to enhance soil nutrients. Dig holes according to the plant spacing of 3m×4m and plant the Zelkova serrata cutting seedlings with a height of 80 cm. Dig the planting holes according to the specifications of 40cm×40cm×40cm. When backfilling the soil during planting, mix the inoculum of ectomycorrhizal fungi into the planting holes. One month after planting, plant soybeans or clover every 1m parallel to the row of Zelkova serrata cutting seedlings between the rows. In the first 3 years after planting Zelkova serrata, plant soybeans between the rows of Zelkova serrata, and then plant clover between the rows after 3 years. After that, rotate every 3 years. Before intercropping, site preparation is required. When site preparing, apply 1000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure + 40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Keep the soil moisture content at 70% after planting. The ectomycorrhizal fungi are any one of Boletus edulis, Lactarius deliciosus, Gomphidius viscidus and Pisolithus tinctorius. After inoculating the ectomycorrhizal fungi, cover the reflective film overhead at a position 20-50 cm above the ground above the roots of the Zelkova serrata cutting seedlings. The reflective film has different distances from the ground according to the ectomycorrhizal fungi intercropped. For example, it is 50 cm when intercropping Boletus edulis, 20 cm when intercropping Lactarius deliciosus or Pisolithus tinctorius, and 30 cm when intercropping Gomphidius viscidus, to ensure that the ectomycorrhizal fungi have sufficient growth space and a good ventilation environment. The soil temperature at the roots of the Zelkova serrata cutting seedlings is maintained at 25-30°C and the humidity is 60%-80%. Two years after planting the Zelkova serrata cutting seedlings, plant the Zelkova serrata seedlings at intervals around the edge of the forest land. By using the Zelkova serrata cutting seedlings as the main planted seedlings for afforestation, the wood quality is guaranteed. Plant the Zelkova serrata seedlings in the edge area as a gene pool to maintain the genetic diversity threshold of the forest stand, considering the wood quality and system stability. And the Zelkova serrata seedlings form an isolation belt, which can effectively block the rapid spread of pests and diseases.

[0029] S4. Forest management: When planting the cuttings of Zelkova serrata, thoroughly water the root-fixing water. Supplement the watering once in the morning and once in the evening within 3 days after planting, and spray 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer; conduct topdressing 4 times a year from the 1st year to the 3rd year after planting. The topdressing time is concentrated from March to August, and the fertilization amount is 20 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer, 10 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer, and 2500 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer; conduct topdressing 3 times a year from the 4th year to the 8th year. The topdressing time is concentrated from April to September, and the fertilization amount is 10 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 15 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer, 15 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer, and 3000 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer; then conduct topdressing 2 times a year. After the 8th year, conduct topdressing during the spring germination period and autumn every year, and the fertilization amount is 7 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 20 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer, and 3000 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer; starting from the 4th year, conduct water control 1 - 2 times from May to July every year during the non-topdressing period, so that the soil moisture content of the roots of Zelkova serrata drops to 50 - 60% of the forest holding capacity, and lasts for 5 - 8 days each time; from the 1st year to the 5th year after planting, cut off the side branches below 1 / 3 of the height of the main trunk every winter. After the 6th year of planting, prune once every two winters, and gradually raise the pruning height to 15 meters below the branches to ensure that there are no competing branches on the main trunk. When pruning, use a tree-climbing pruning machine for pruning. The tree-climbing pruning machine includes a frame 1. Clamping mounting seats 2 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the frame 1. A clamping arm 3 and a first telescopic push rod 4 are hinged on the clamping mounting seat 2. A clamping wheel 5 is rotatably provided at one end of the clamping arm 3 away from the frame 1. The other end of the clamping arm 3 is hinged to the extending end of the first telescopic push rod 4. A climbing track 6 is sleeved around the frame 1. Specifically, driving wheels (not shown in the figure) are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends inside the frame 1. The climbing track 6 is sleeved on the driving wheels. The output shaft of the climbing motor 7 is connected to the climbing track 6 through the driving wheels to drive the rotation of the climbing track 6; an installation platform 8 is provided at the top of the frame 1. A first semi-circular guide rail 9 is provided on the installation platform 8. A first semi-tooth ring 901 is provided on the first semi-circular guide rail 9. A second semi-circular guide rail 10 is slidably connected to the first semi-circular guide rail 9. A first pushing motor 1001 and a second semi-tooth ring 1003 are fixed on the second semi-circular guide rail 10. A first driving gear 1002 meshing with the first semi-tooth ring 901 is provided at the output end of the first pushing motor 1001. The second semi-circular guide rail 10 is driven to slide along the first semi-circular guide rail 9 by the first pushing motor 1001. The first semi-circular guide rail 9 and the second semi-circular guide rail 10 are coaxially arranged. When the first semi-circular guide rail 9 and the second semi-circular guide rail 10 overlap up and down, there is an opening in the front of the tree-climbing pruning machine for the first semi-circular guide rail 9 and the second semi-circular guide rail 10 to be sleeved on the trunk of the Zelkova serrata to be pruned. Then the first pushing motor 1001 drives the second semi-circular guide rail 10 to slide along the first semi-circular guide rail 9, and can form a complete ring with the first semi-circular guide rail 9 to sleeve the trunk of the Zelkova serrata to be pruned;A pruning platform 11 is slidably connected to the second semi-circular guide rail 10. A second driving motor 1101 is provided on the pruning platform 11. A second driving gear 1102 meshing with the second semi-tooth ring 1003 is provided at the output end of the second driving motor 1101. An electric chain saw 12 is hinged to one end of the pruning platform 11 away from the second driving motor 1101. A second telescopic push rod 13 is provided on the pruning platform 11. The second telescopic push rod 13 is arranged between the second driving motor 1101 and the electric chain saw 12. The extending end of the second telescopic push rod 13 is hinged to the bottom of the electric chain saw 12. The second driving motor 1101 can drive the electric chain saw 12 on the pruning platform 11 to slide on the second semi-circular guide rail 10, and cooperate with the sliding track of the second semi-circular guide rail 10 driven by the first driving motor 1001, so that the electric chain saw 12 can circle around the trunk of the beech tree to be pruned for one full circle, so as to effectively prune the branches on the trunk of the beech tree. By the telescoping of the second telescopic push rod 13, the tilting angle of the electric chain saw 12 can be adjusted, so as to adjust the angle of the pruning position during pruning. A vibration mounting seat 14 is provided on one side of the frame 1. A connecting arm 15 and a third telescopic push rod 16 are hinged to the vibration mounting seat 14. A vibration generator 17 is provided at one end of the connecting arm 15 away from it. The extending end of the third telescopic push rod 16 is hinged to the other end of the connecting arm 15. The third telescopic push rod 16 can drive the connecting arm 15 to rotate, and then drive the vibration generator 17 to abut against the outer surface of the trunk of the beech tree. A nozzle 18 is provided on the pruning platform 11. The spraying direction of the nozzle 18 faces the side of the trunk. The nozzle 18 is communicated with a medicine storage tank 20 provided on the frame 1 through a hose 19. Specifically, a pump (not shown in the figure) is provided on the hose 19, which can extract the liquid medicine in the medicine storage tank 20 and spray it onto the trunk through the hose 19 and the nozzle 18. During use, it is carried to the bottom of the beech tree by holding the holding part 21 of the tree-climbing pruning device. The climbing track 6 abuts against the trunk. The first telescopic push rod 4 drives the clamping arm 3 to rotate so that the clamping wheel 5 and the climbing track 6 cooperate to clamp the whole tree-climbing pruning device on the trunk. The climbing motor 7 is started to drive the climbing track 6 to rotate, and the whole tree-climbing pruning device climbs up along the trunk. When climbing to the corresponding position where pruning is needed, the second semi-circular guide rail 10 can rotate and move around the trunk along the first semi-circular guide rail 9 driven by the first driving motor 1001. The pruning platform 11 can rotate and move around the trunk along the second semi-circular guide rail 10 driven by the second driving motor 1101, so that the electric chain saw 12 installed on the pruning platform 11 can rotate around the trunk of the beech tree for a complete circle for pruning, avoiding incomplete pruning;When pruning with the electric chain saw 12, the electric chain saw 12 is pushed by the second telescopic push rod 13 to tilt 45° towards the tree trunk side during pruning, so that the pruning cut has a 45° oblique angle, enabling rainwater to flow down naturally, reducing the residence time of accumulated water at the cut, reducing the risk of rot, avoiding the formation of cavities at the cut, or tearing the bark, which affects the wood quality of the beech tree. At the same time, a wound protectant such as vaseline, paraffin, wound healing agent, Baume degree lime sulfur mixture, and naphthalene acetic acid paste is stored in the medicine storage tank 20. After pruning, it is pumped through the hose 19 and sprayed out through the nozzle 18 to the pruning cut, helping the cut to retain moisture, promoting healing, preventing the invasion of pests and diseases, and cultivating knot-free wood. Beech trees are prone to lodging due to loose wood texture during the fast-growing period, and the reduction of xylem density affects the wood quality. The vibration generator 17 on the tree climbing pruning device acts on the tree trunk to simulate the natural vibration environment, stimulating the division of cambium cells of the beech tree, increasing the xylem density, and improving the bending strength. In combination with fertilization management, and for 6-year-old beech trees, artificial vibration intervention is carried out for 6 months every year, twice a week for two times, each time for 10 - 15 minutes, which can significantly improve the wood density and wind resistance of beech trees. The wood density can be increased by 18%, and the lodging rate during the typhoon season can be reduced by 40%. Moreover, the vibration generator 17 moves to different parts of the beech tree trunk through the rotation of the climbing crawler 6, making the stimulation of the tree trunk more uniform, further improving the uniformity of xylem density. While carrying out artificial vibration intervention, cytokinin with a concentration of 50mg / L is stored in the medicine storage tank 20. By spraying it on the tree trunk, it can inhibit the germination of lateral branches, reduce branching, and reduce the probability of knot formation, and can further cultivate knot-free wood and improve the wood quality.

[0030] S5. Harvest management: After 80 - 100 days of sowing soybeans, after picking the mature pods, the straw is crushed and turned over and pressed in the beech forest to increase the fertility of the forest land. After 50 - 80 days of planting clover and when the plant height grows to 15 - 25 cm, it is harvested and utilized. Each time during harvesting, 5 - 8 cm of the stem stubble is reserved. When the fruiting body of the ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculated with the beech tree forms a stable symbiotic relationship matures, it can be harvested. In the first year, because the canopy density of the young beech forest is small and the ventilation and light conditions are good, the yield of soybeans per mu can reach 200 catties, and the annual yield of clover is about 5000 kg / mu. The yield of ectomycorrhizal fungus per mu can reach 1000 catties, and the beech forest forms a forest-grass-fungus composite management model, effectively improving the comprehensive income.

[0031] Example 2:

[0032] In this Example 2, the structural principle and method are basically the same as those in Example 1. The difference is that in step S1, direct current is not passed through for electro-treatment during the soaking process of the cutting spike, and electro-treatment is not carried out during seedling raising in step S2, and other planting methods are the same.

[0033] Example 3:

[0034] The present embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that in step S3, the planting holes are not inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi and covered with reflective film, and other planting methods are the same.

[0035] Embodiment 4:

[0036] The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that water and fertilizer management is performed according to the traditional beech forest cultivation method, and water and fertilizer management is not performed according to the fertilizer application amount and frequency in step S4. Other planting methods are the same.

[0037] Embodiment 5:

[0038] The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that, in step S4, traditional pruning tools are used for pruning without artificial vibration intervention, and other planting methods are the same.

[0039] Comparative Example:

[0040] This comparative example uses traditional beech seeds for seedling cultivation and afforestation.

[0041] After afforestation by using the composite management method for effectively promoting the growth of big-leaf beech trees of the present invention, the effects of the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples are shown in the following table:

[0042] Table 1 is a comparison table of the growth period and quality of beech trees with a target diameter at breast height of 20 cm under different embodiments

[0043]

[0044] In the above table, the growth period of beech trees in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1 is significantly different, among which Example 1 has the shortest growth period, and the wood performance reaches the standard of furniture wood; the growth periods of Examples 2, 3 and 5 are similar, and the growth period of Example 4 is longer but also 5 years less than that of the comparative example. The wood morphology cultivated in Examples 1 to 4 is good wood without knots, and the air-dry density can reach 0.70g / cm 3 As shown above, the wood morphology cultivated in Example 5 has a hollow phenomenon at the cut of the pruning, and the air-dried density is only 0.60g / cm 3This is because: When processing cuttings, soaking them in gibberellin first can promote cell elongation and the metabolic activities of cuttings, promote apical bud germination and new shoot growth, then soak them in a rooting powder solution to promote root growth. At the same time, during the soaking process, the permeability of the cuttings' cell membranes is changed by the microcurrent stimulation of direct current, promoting the faster penetration of the active ingredients in gibberellin and rooting powder into the cuttings' tissues, shortening the hormone absorption time. The exogenous hormones in gibberellin and rooting powder can activate the endogenous hormone system of the cuttings under the action of the current, promote the activity of ATPase in the cuttings, accelerate energy metabolism, and provide more material basis for the root meristem. By combining these three, a synergistic effect is formed, which can improve the survival rate of cuttings and the robustness of seedlings, and effectively shorten the seedling raising time of cuttings; during the seedling raising process of cuttings, the microcurrent stimulates the ion channels of the Zelkova serrata cell membrane, accelerates the exchange of substances inside and outside the cells, promotes cell division and differentiation at the base of the cuttings, enhances the absorption efficiency of roots in the substrate, and shortens the root primordium formation time. At the same time, it stimulates the antioxidant enzyme activity in the cuttings, reducing the oxidative damage caused by mechanical injury or environmental stress during cutting; through electrolysis, trace amounts of reactive oxygen species and metal ions are generated in the substrate to inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and reduce the risk of cuttings' incision rot. The carbon black in the substrate can improve the air permeability and water retention of the soil and act as a conductive medium to avoid the substrate blocking the current. The traditional hardwood cutting seedling raising method takes 3 - 5 months to complete rooting and initial growth, while through the synergistic action of each step of the present invention, the seedling raising can be completed in 20 - 30 days of cutting, greatly shortening the seedling raising time; after afforestation, by inoculating ectomycorrhizal fungi and carrying out reasonable water and fertilizer management, the root absorption range of young Zelkova serrata trees is expanded, the stress resistance is enhanced, the soil environment is improved, the absorption efficiency of key nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus by Zelkova serrata is significantly improved, the incidence of root rot of Zelkova serrata is reduced, the afforestation survival rate is increased, the cultivation cycle of Zelkova serrata is effectively shortened, and the ecological adaptability and economic value are improved; by covering with an overhead reflective film, while ensuring a good growth environment for ectomycorrhizal fungi, the reflective film can increase the photosynthesis of Zelkova serrata, further shortening the cultivation cycle; by intercropping soybeans or clover, it plays a role in biological nitrogen fixation, further shortening the cultivation cycle of Zelkova serrata while having good economic benefits; by using a tree climbing pruning shear for pruning and artificial vibration intervention, the wood quality can be improved.

[0045] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific / preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, they can also make several substitutions or modifications to these described embodiments, and these substitution or modification methods should all be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "an embodiment", "some embodiments", "preferred embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples. Although the embodiments of the present invention and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made herein without departing from the scope of protection of the patent application.

Claims

1. A compound management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Selection and treatment of cuttings: Select beech trees over 35 years old with straight trunks, strong growth, and no diseases or pests as mother trees. Cut hard branch cuttings from the mother trees in early May to early June and store them in sand for overwintering. Take out the cuttings in February of the following year, soak them in gibberellin solution for 2 hours, then transfer and soak them in rooting powder solution for 3 hours. During the soaking process, direct current is intermittently passed through, and the total electro-treatment time is 30 - 60 minutes; S2. Seedling raising of cuttings: Insert the cuttings into the substrate in the seedbed, keep the substrate humidity at 80% - 90%, and the temperature at 25 - 28°C. Spray 0.125% carbendazim solution every 5 days, and promptly remove the mildewed cuttings. After 20 - 30 days of cutting, the main root length ≥ 15 cm, and when the seedling height reaches 50 - 80 cm, the seedlings are taken out of the nursery; S3. Afforestation and intercropping: Select hills, valleys, or flatlands with deep soil layers, loose and fertile soil as forest lands. After selecting the forest lands, carry out land preparation and apply sufficient base fertilizers. Dig holes according to the plant spacing of 3m × 4m and plant the out-of-nursery beech tree cuttings for afforestation. When backfilling the holes during planting, mix mycorrhizal fungi agents of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the planting holes. One month after planting, plant soybeans or clovers every 1m parallel to the rows of beech tree cuttings between the rows of beech tree cuttings. Two years after the beech tree cuttings are planted, plant beech tree seedlings at intervals around the edge of the forest land; S4. Forest management: When the beech tree cuttings are planted, pour enough root-fixing water, and make up for watering once in the morning and once in the evening within 3 days after planting, and spray 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer. Carry out topdressing 4 times a year from the first year to the third year after planting, 3 times a year from the fourth year to the eighth year, and 2 times a year thereafter; From the first year to the fifth year after planting, cut off the side branches below 1 / 3 of the height of the main trunk every winter. After the sixth year of planting, prune once every two winters, and gradually increase the pruning height to 15 meters below the branches to ensure that there are no competing branches on the main trunk; When intercropping and preparing the land, apply 1000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure + 40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and keep the soil moisture content at 70% after planting; S5. Harvest management: When soybeans are sown for 80 - 100 days, pick the mature pods and then crush and turn under the straw in the beech forest. When the height of the clover grows to 15 - 25 cm after being planted for 50 - 80 days, it is harvested and utilized, and 5 - 8 cm of stem stubble is reserved each time it is harvested. The ectomycorrhizal fungi can be harvested after the fruiting bodies of the stable symbiotic relationship formed by inoculating the ectomycorrhizal fungi with the beech trees mature.

2. The composite management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the cut cuttings are semi-lignified hard branches of the current year, the cuttings are 10 - 20 cm long and 0.5 - 1.0 cm thick, and each cutting contains at least 1 strong and plump axillary bud. After taking out the cuttings stored in sand, cut the base at a 45° angle, cut the top flat, remove the lower leaves, and tie them together.

3. The compound management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana described in claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 50 - 100 mg / L. The rooting powder solution is prepared by dissolving ABT No. 1 rooting powder in alcohol and then diluting it with water to a concentration of 200 - 300 mg / L. During the soaking process, the voltage of the direct current passed in is 10 - 15 V, and the current density is 0.1 - 0.5 mA / cm 2 .

4. The composite management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the substrate is vermiculite:perlite:carbon black = 3:1:1, and a direct current with a voltage of 3 - 5V and a current density of 10 - 30 μA / cm 2 is intermittently introduced into the seedbed for electroprocessing.

5. The compound management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana described in claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, in the first 3 years after the beech trees are planted, soybeans are first planted between the rows of the beech forest, and clovers are planted between the rows after 3 years. Thereafter, rotation is carried out in a cycle of 3 years; The ectomycorrhizal fungi are any one of boletus, lactarius deliciosus, gomphidius viscidus, and pisolithus tinctorius. After inoculating the ectomycorrhizal fungi, cover a reflective film overhead at a position 20 - 50 cm above the ground above the ectomycorrhizal fungi.

6. The composite management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, topdressing is carried out concentratedly from March to August in the first to the third year, and the fertilization amounts are 20 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer, 10 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer, and 2500 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer; from the fourth to the eighth year, topdressing is carried out concentratedly from April to September, and the fertilization amounts are 10 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 15 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer, 15 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer, and 3000 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer; after the eighth year, topdressing is carried out at the spring germination stage and in autumn every year, and the fertilization amounts are 7 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 20 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer, and 3000 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer.

7. The composite management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, starting from the fourth year, water control is carried out 1-2 times in May-July every year during the period avoiding topdressing, so that the soil water content at the root of the Zelkova serrata tree is reduced to 50-60% of the forest field water holding capacity, lasting for 5-8 days each time.

8. The compound management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz. as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In step S4, when pruning after the sixth year of planting, a tree climbing pruning machine is used for pruning. The tree climbing pruning machine includes a frame. Clamping mounting seats are respectively installed on both sides of the frame. A clamping arm and a first telescopic push rod are hinged on the clamping mounting seat. A clamping wheel is rotatably provided at one end of the clamping arm. The other end of the clamping arm is hinged to the extending end of the first telescopic push rod. A climbing crawler is sleeved around the frame. The climbing crawler is connected to a climbing motor. An installation platform is provided at the top of the frame. A first semi-circular guide rail is provided on the installation platform. A first semi-tooth ring is provided on the first semi-circular guide rail. A second semi-circular guide rail is slidably connected to the first semi-circular guide rail. A first pushing motor is provided on the second semi-circular guide rail. A first driving gear meshing with the first semi-tooth ring is provided at the output end of the first pushing motor. A pruning platform is slidably connected to the second semi-circular guide rail. A second pushing motor is provided on the pruning platform. A second semi-tooth ring is provided on the second semi-circular guide rail. A second driving gear meshing with the second semi-tooth ring is provided at the output end of the second pushing motor. An electric chain saw is hinged at one end of the pruning platform away from the second pushing motor. A second telescopic push rod is provided on the pruning platform. The extending end of the second telescopic push rod is hinged to the bottom of the electric chain saw.

9. The compound management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana described in claim 8, characterized in that: A vibration mounting seat is provided on one side of the frame. A connecting arm and a third telescopic push rod are hinged on the vibration mounting seat. A vibration generator is provided at the end of the connecting arm away from it. The extending end of the third telescopic push rod is hinged to the other end of the connecting arm.

10. The composite management method for effectively promoting the growth of Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz. as claimed in claim 9, wherein: A nozzle is provided on the pruning platform. The nozzle is communicated with a medicine storage tank provided on the frame through a hose.

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