Method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using breathable bags

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating gastrodia elata by using an air-permeable bag, which comprises the following steps: disinfecting, putting an armillaria mellea bag into the air-permeable bag, placing a first layer of fungus material, gastrodia elata seeds and sawdust, placing a second layer of fungus material, gastrodia elata seeds and sawdust, sealing the opening of the air-permeable bag, continuing to cultivate, and reusing the fungus material. According to the gastrodia elata cultivation method, low-cost cultivation is achieved by using the breathable bags to cultivate gastrodia elata and adopting a two-layer placement mode, large-area infection of diseases and insect pests is avoided, and the cultivation period is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and specifically relates to a method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using breathable bags. Background Art

[0002] Gastrodia elata is the dried tuber of the orchid plant Gastrodia elata Bl. It has the effects of calming endogenous wind and stopping convulsions, suppressing liver yang, dispelling wind and dredging collaterals. It is mainly used to treat endogenous wind stirring internally, epilepsy and convulsions, dizziness, headache, limb numbness, inability to move hands and feet smoothly, rheumatic arthralgia, etc. At present, the main cultivation techniques of Gastrodia elata are as follows: 1. Cultivation in the trough on the indoor bed frame. However, this method requires laying a mixed substrate such as sawdust, leaves, and river sand in the trough, and it is necessary to control the indoor temperature at 15 - 25°C and the air humidity at 70% - 80%. Therefore, there are problems such as high control costs and raw material costs, which are not conducive to low-cost cultivation. 2. Simulated wild cultivation. This method requires selecting mountains and forests with an altitude of 1000 - 2000 meters and a canopy density of 0.7 - 0.8, and sandy loam rich in humus, loose, fertile, and well-drained is preferred. Therefore, this method has problems such as high environmental requirements. In addition, due to the open environment and high biodiversity, there will be a wide variety of pest and disease hazards and low control efficiency. 3. Cultivation in boxes / baskets. This method requires using a certain proportion of mixed sawdust, rice husks, humus soil, etc. as the cultivation substrate, and the box or basket needs to be placed in a ventilated and shaded place, with the temperature controlled at 18 - 28°C, and water sprayed in a timely manner according to the dry and wet conditions of the substrate. Due to the open environment and high biodiversity, this method will also result in a wide variety of pest and disease hazards and low control efficiency. Therefore, the existing cultivation methods have problems such as high cultivation costs, serious pests and diseases that are difficult to control, and long cultivation time. For example, for traditional Gastrodia elata (such as cultivation in baskets and simulated wild cultivation), wood (Quercus glauca) is used as the fungus material, with a large consumption. The wood cost is about 4000 - 15000 yuan, and the disinfection cost is about 500 - 1000 yuan. For bag-cultivated Gastrodia elata as the fungus material, the bag-cultivated wood cost is about 2200 - 4500 yuan, and the disinfection cost is about 1500 - 2300 yuan. Although bag cultivation of Gastrodia elata can isolate some pests and miscellaneous bacteria by physical methods, if the management is improper, fungal diseases such as green mold and mucor will also be caused due to reasons such as high humidity or unstable temperature. Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a Gastrodia elata cultivation method with large-scale production, stable cultivation quality, short cycle, few pests and diseases, and low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using breathable bags.

[0004] Specifically, it is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using breathable bags, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The first step: Disinfection treatment

[0007] 1.1 Disinfected sawdust: Select sawdust with a humidity of 48%-50% and disinfect it with carbendazim solution.

[0008] 1.2 Disinfected fungus logs: Soak the fungus logs in lime water with a mass concentration of 1%-3%.

[0009] 1.3 Disinfected planting area: First, spray the planting area with cyhalothrin solution for disinfection. After 5 days, spray it with TCCA solution for disinfection. After the TCCA solution is sprayed, use Biejieshi for fumigation. After 5 days, use a mixed disinfectant for fumigation and leave it for 5 days.

[0010] The second step is to put Armillaria mellea spawn bags into the breathable bag:

[0011] Select Armillaria mellea spawn bags covered with mycelium, make 2 holes in each spawn bag, then put more than 2 spawn bags into the breathable bag and ensure that the hole surfaces are upward and the spawn bags are in close contact with each other.

[0012] The third step is the first layer placement

[0013] 3.1 Put in the fungus logs: Place the disinfected fungus logs on the contact gaps between adjacent Armillaria mellea spawn bags.

[0014] 3.2 Put the selected 0-generation hemp seeds into the holes of the Armillaria mellea spawn bags.

[0015] 3.3 Cover with sawdust: Evenly cover with the disinfected sawdust; the covering thickness is 4-5 cm.

[0016] The fourth step is the second layer placement

[0017] 4.1 Put in the fungus logs: Place the disinfected fungus logs on the sawdust and make a "cross" shape with the fungus logs placed in the first layer.

[0018] 4.2 Put in the hemp seeds: Put in the hemp seeds and ensure that the tails of the hemp seeds are placed against both sides of the fungus logs.

[0019] 4.3 Cover with sawdust: Cover with sawdust and seal the mouth of the breathable bag after covering.

[0020] The fifth step is continuous cultivation

[0021] Cultivate for 4-5 months in an environment with a temperature of 18-22°C and a humidity of 85%-90%, and then harvest and process.

[0022] The sixth step is reuse

[0023] After harvesting, take out the fungus logs in the breathable bag, disinfect them and use them for the second time for the next round of cultivation and planting.

[0024] The fungus logs are Castanopsis sclerophylla wood with a length of 15-20 cm.

[0025] The carbendazim solution is a 1000-fold solution of 50% wettable powder of carbendazim; the cyfluthrin solution is a 1000-fold solution of 2.5% aqueous emulsion of cyfluthrin; the TCCA solution is a 1000-fold aqueous solution of TCCA; the mixed disinfectant is composed of Yikeqing and cyfluthrin smoke agent in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0026] The dosage of the mixed disinfectant is calculated as 100 g / 108m of 27% smoke agent of Yikeqing and 100 g / 108m of 5% smoke agent of cyfluthrin. 3 and 100 g / 108m of 5% smoke agent of cyfluthrin. 3 Calculation.

[0027] The soaking time in the lime water is 24 h.

[0028] In the second step, the hole punching is carried out according to a hole diameter of 22 mm and a hole depth of 1 - 1.5 cm.

[0029] The diameter of the 0-generation hemp seeds is 1 - 1.5 cm.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. Reduce resource consumption: By using breathable bags to cultivate Gastrodia elata, the reuse of fungus materials is achieved, and the utilization rate of fungus materials and wood chips is improved through the two-layer placement method, thereby effectively reducing the costs of wood chips and fungus materials, and further realizing low-cost cultivation.

[0032] 2. Improve the control effect of pests and diseases: By controlling humidity and temperature, adopting disinfection and treatment, and using breathable bags for cultivation, the invention effectively reduces the incidence of pests and diseases and avoids large-scale infection of pests and diseases.

[0033] 3. Shorten the cultivation cycle: By improving the placement methods of fungus materials, wood chips, and hemp seeds, and adopting a three-dimensional cultivation method, the cultivation cycle of Gastrodia elata is shortened and the production efficiency is improved; the cultivation time of the invention can be harvested in 4 - 5 months, while the cultivation cycle of basket cultivation is generally 6 - 8 months before harvest.

[0034] 4. Improve the yield and quality: Using Armillaria mellea fungus bags for cultivation in breathable bags ensures that the mycelium covers the culture medium, improves the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata, and increases the commercial value. In terms of yield, the traditional yield of Gastrodia elata is 10 - 20 catties (1 - 2-year cycle), and the yield of bag cultivation of Gastrodia elata is 30 - 50 catties (cycle of 6 - 8 months). In terms of quality, the traditional Gastrodia elata has a natural shape and uneven size, while the bag-cultivated Gastrodia elata has uniform size and regular appearance. Description of the drawings

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of completing the second step in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 2Schematic diagram for completing step 3.1 in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 3 Schematic diagram for completing step 3.2 in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 4 Schematic diagram for completing step 3.3 in Example 1;

[0039] Figure 5 Schematic diagram for completing step 4.2 in Example 1;

[0040] Figure 6 Schematic diagram for covering sawdust in completing step 4.3 in Example 1;

[0041] Figure 7 Appearance diagram of Gastrodia elata obtained by cultivation in Example 1;

[0042] Figure 8 Appearance diagram of Gastrodia elata cultivated in traditional baskets. Detailed implementation manners

[0043] The following further elaborates on the detailed implementation manners of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these implementation manners. Any improvement or substitution based on the basic spirit of this embodiment still falls within the scope protected by the claims of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using a breathable bag, comprising the following steps:

[0046] The first step: disinfection treatment

[0047] 1.1 Disinfecting sawdust: Select sawdust with a humidity of 48%-50%, and after disinfecting it with a 1000-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, obtain disinfected sawdust;

[0048] 1.2 Disinfecting fungus materials: Cut the oak wood into lengths of 15-20 cm and soak it in 2% lime water by mass concentration for 24 h;

[0049] 1.3 Disinfecting the planting area:

[0050] Spray disinfect the planting area with a 1000-fold solution of 2.5% beta-cyfluthrin aqueous emulsion, leave it for 5 days to complete the first disinfection;

[0051] After the first disinfection is completed, spray disinfect the planting area with a 1000-fold aqueous solution of TCCA, then immediately ignite Biejieshi to fumigate the planting area, and leave it for 5 days to complete the second disinfection;

[0052] After the second disinfection is completed, ignite equal masses of Yikeqing and permethrin aerosol simultaneously to fumigate the planting area, and place them for 5 days to complete the third disinfection. The specific dosage is 100 grams of 27% Yikeqing smoke agent and 100 grams of 5% permethrin aerosol for a cabin space volume of 108 cubic meters.

[0053] Step 2: Place the Armillaria mellea spawn bags in the breathable bag:

[0054] Select Armillaria mellea spawn bags covered with mycelium. Make 2 holes in each Armillaria mellea spawn bag, with each hole having a diameter of 22 mm and a depth of 1 - 1.5 cm. Then put 2 Armillaria mellea spawn bags into the breathable bag, ensuring that the hole surfaces face upward and the Armillaria mellea spawn bags are in close contact. See Figure 1 ;

[0055] Step 3: First layer placement

[0056] 3.1 Place the fungus logs: Place the disinfected fungus logs on the contact gaps between adjacent Armillaria mellea spawn bags. See Figure 2 ;

[0057] 3.2 Select 0th generation hemp seeds with a diameter of 1 - 1.5 cm and place them in the holes of the Armillaria mellea spawn bags. See Figure 3 ;

[0058] 3.3 Cover with wood chips: Evenly cover with disinfected wood chips; the covering thickness is 5 cm. See Figure 4 ;

[0059] Step 4: Second layer placement

[0060] 4.1 Place the fungus logs: Place the disinfected fungus logs on the wood chips and make them in a "cross" shape with the fungus logs placed in the first layer;

[0061] 4.2 Place the hemp seeds: Place the hemp seeds and ensure that the tails of the hemp seeds are placed against both sides of the fungus logs. See Figure 5 ;

[0062] 4.3 Cover with wood chips: Cover with wood chips. See Figure 6 , and after covering, seal the mouth of the breathable bag;

[0063] Step 5: Continue cultivation

[0064] Cultivate for 4 - 5 months in an environment with a temperature of 20°C and a humidity of 85% - 90%, and then harvest and process.

[0065] Step 6: Reuse

[0066] After the harvest, take out the fungus logs in the breathable bag, disinfect them for the second use, and use them for the next round of cultivation and planting.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata in a semi-wild state, comprising the following steps:

[0069] The first step: Preparation of the cultivation environment

[0070] 1. Selection of forest land

[0071] Select birch forest land with a relatively high terrain and good drainage, and the slope is between 15-30 degrees;

[0072] 2. Preparation of soil

[0073] Select humus soil rich in organic matter, and the soil pH value is between 5.5-6.5.

[0074] Before planting, deeply plow the soil to a depth of about 30-40 cm, and remove sundries such as stones and tree roots.

[0075] Apply 2000-3000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu as the base fertilizer to improve soil fertility.

[0076] The second step: Preparation of fungus materials

[0077] 1. Selection of fungus materials

[0078] Cut the oak wood into lengths of 15-20 cm and soak it in 2% lime water by mass concentration for 24 h;

[0079] 2. Inoculation of Armillaria mellea

[0080] Before inoculation, soak the fungus materials in clean water for 24 hours to make them fully absorb water.

[0081] Adopt aseptic operation technology to inoculate the Armillaria mellea strain onto the fungus materials, and the inoculation amount for each section of the fungus material is about 20-30 grams;

[0082] Place the inoculated fungus materials in a cool and humid environment, control the temperature at 18-22 °C, and keep the humidity at 70-80%, and cultivate for about 30-40 days. Wait until the mycelium covers the surface of the fungus materials before they can be used;

[0083] The third step: Preparation of Gastrodia elata seeds

[0084] 1. Selection of seed tubers

[0085] Select wild or artificially cultivated Gastrodia elata without diseases and pests and being robust as the seed tubers.

[0086] The weight of the seed tubers is between 20-30 grams. Being too large or too small is not conducive to growth.

[0087] 2. Treatment of seed tubers

[0088] Soak the seed tubers in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes for disinfection treatment.

[0089] After disinfection, place the seed gingers in a shady place to dry and reserve for future use;

[0090] Fourth step: Cultivation method

[0091] 1. Cultivation time: From March to April and from September to October every year. At this time, the temperature is suitable, which is beneficial to the growth of Gastrodia elata;

[0092] 2. Cultivation steps:

[0093] Dig planting trenches in the forest land. The width of the trenches is about 40 cm, the depth is about 20 cm, and the spacing between the trenches is about 50 cm; lay a layer of humus soil with a thickness of about 5 cm at the bottom of the planting trenches; place the cultivated fungus materials evenly on the humus soil with a spacing of about 10 cm; place a layer of humus soil with a thickness of about 3 cm on the fungus materials; place the seed gingers evenly on the humus soil with a spacing of about 15 - 20 cm; cover another layer of humus soil with a thickness of about 5 cm on the seed gingers; cover a layer of fallen leaves with a thickness of about 10 cm above the planting trenches to keep the soil moist and at an appropriate temperature;

[0094] Fifth step: Cultivation management

[0095] During the growth period of Gastrodia elata, keep the soil humidity controlled between 60 - 70%.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using a breathable bag, characterized by comprising the following steps: The first step: disinfection treatment 1.1 Disinfected sawdust: Select sawdust with a humidity of 48%-50%, and disinfect it with carbendazim solution; 1.2 Disinfected fungus materials: Soak the fungus materials in lime water with a mass concentration of 1%-3%; 1.3 Disinfected planting area: First, spray and disinfect the planting area with cyhalothrin solution. After leaving it for 5 days, spray and disinfect it with TCCA solution. After the TCCA solution is sprayed, use Biejieshi to fumigate. After leaving it for 5 days, fumigate with a mixed disinfectant and leave it for 5 days; The second step is to put Armillaria mellea fungus bags into the breathable bag: Select Armillaria mellea fungus bags covered with mycelium. Make 2 holes in each Armillaria mellea fungus bag, and then put more than 2 Armillaria mellea fungus bags into the breathable bag, ensuring that the hole surfaces are facing up and the Armillaria mellea fungus bags are in close contact with each other; The third step is the first layer placement 3.1 Put in the fungus materials: Place the disinfected fungus materials on the contact gaps between adjacent Armillaria mellea fungus bags; 3.2 Put the selected 0th generation hemp seeds into the holes of the Armillaria mellea fungus bags; 3.3 Cover with sawdust: Evenly cover with disinfected sawdust; the covering thickness is 4-5 cm; The fourth step is the second layer placement 4.1 Put in the fungus materials: Place the disinfected fungus materials on the sawdust and make a "cross" shape with the fungus materials placed in the first layer; 4.2 Put in the hemp seeds: Put in the hemp seeds and ensure that the tails of the hemp seeds are placed against both sides of the fungus materials; 4.3 Cover with sawdust: Cover with sawdust, and seal the mouth of the breathable bag after covering; The fifth step is continued cultivation Cultivate for 4-5 months in an environment with a temperature of 18-22°C and a humidity of 85%-90%, and then harvest and process; The sixth step is reuse After the harvest, take out the wood in the breathable bag, disinfect it and use it for the second time for the next round of cultivation and planting.

2. The method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using a breathable bag as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The fungus materials are Castanopsis sclerophylla wood with a length of 15-20 cm.

3. The method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using a breathable bag as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The carbendazim solution is a 1000-fold solution of 50% wettable carbendazim powder; the cyhalothrin solution is a 1000-fold solution of 2.5% cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion; the TCCA solution is a 1000-fold aqueous solution of TCCA; the mixed disinfectant is composed of Yikeqing and cyhalothrin smoke agent in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

4. The method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using a breathable bag as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dosage of the mixed disinfectant is 100 g / 108m 3 And flumethrin fumigant 5% smoke 100g / 108m 3 calculate.

5. The method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using a breathable bag as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The component concentrations in the mixed disinfectant A are: 1000 times of cyhalothrin, 500 times of lambda-cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate, and 500 times of propiconazole.

6. The method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using a breathable bag as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The soaking time of the lime water is 24 h.

7. The method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using a breathable bag as described in claim 1, wherein In the second step, the hole punching is carried out according to a hole diameter of 22 mm and a hole depth of 1-1.5 cm.

8. The method for cultivating Gastrodia elata using a breathable bag as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the 0th generation hemp seeds is 1-1.5 cm.

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