One-year two-season cultivation method for multiple cropping of barley and soybeans in cold region

Abstract

The invention provides a two-season-a-year cultivation method for multiple cropping of barley and soybeans in a cold region, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. According to the cultivation method, planting plots, sowing time, fertilization management, field management and disease, pest and weed prevention and control are optimized, a production mode of multiple cropping of the cold-region barley and the soybeans is provided, and the two-year three-crop rotation of the cold-region barley, the soybeans and the corn or the one-year two-crop rotation of the barley and the soybeans can be achieved. According to the method, the natural condition that the cold region (such as the northeast region) in China has more than one season and less than two seasons is fully utilized, double cropping in one year and double harvesting in one field are achieved, compared with a traditional planting mode, the problems of shortage of green forage grass in the withering period from July to October and improvement of the quality of animal products are solved through production of previous crops of barley, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The grain safety problems of unstable soybean planting area, too low yield and the like are solved by planting the succeeding soybeans in the north and expanding the soybeans in the south, and the ecological strategic significance of improving the soil environment and facilitating black soil protection and sustainable utilization is also achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly to a cultivation method for double cropping barley and soybean in cold regions for two seasons a year. Background Art

[0002] In the field of cold region agricultural production, the traditional planting mode has long dominated, and its disadvantages have become increasingly prominent, seriously restricting the further development of agriculture. Taking continuous maize cropping as a typical example, this single planting method has exposed many serious problems in years of practice, including the decline in crop yield and quality and the degradation of soil fertility level. The problem of pests and diseases is also severe. Continuous maize cropping creates a suitable living environment for specific pathogens and pests, enabling these harmful organisms to multiply and accumulate in large numbers, further reducing the yield of maize and the economic income of farmers.

[0003] From the perspective of land utilization rate and farmers' income, due to the special climate conditions in cold regions, with long and cold winters, the crop growth season is greatly shortened, and the traditional one-crop-a-year mode greatly limits the production potential of the land. Under this mode, the land is idle or inefficiently utilized for most of the time, and the room for farmers' income growth is extremely limited. For example, in some traditional agricultural production areas in Northeast China, relying solely on one-season maize planting, the average annual income per mu of farmers is only about 500 - 800 yuan, which is difficult to meet the growing living needs of farmers and also hinders the rapid development of rural economy. In addition, during the development process of animal husbandry, the shortage of green forage during the dry grass period from July to October has become a key restrictive factor. During this period, livestock lack high-quality green forage supply and can only rely on dry hay or low-quality silage, which seriously affects the quality of livestock products.

[0004] At the national food security level, as an important strategic material and the main source of edible oil and feed protein, the planting situation of soybeans in cold regions is not optimistic. The planting area of soybeans in cold regions fluctuates frequently and generally shows a downward trend, and the production capacity has been at a relatively low level for a long time. In recent years, affected by factors such as climate change and planting benefits, the planting area of soybeans in cold regions has decreased by about 20% - 30%, and the yield has also decreased significantly. This has had a negative impact on China's soybean self-sufficiency rate and increased the dependence on imported soybeans.

[0005] In such a difficult situation of agricultural development, there is an urgent need for an innovative planting mode to break the deadlock and realize the transformation and upgrading of cold region agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for double cropping barley and soybean in cold regions for two seasons a year, making full use of the natural conditions in Northeast China where there is more than one season but not enough for two seasons, achieving two crops a year and double harvests on one piece of land, not only increasing the yield per unit area but also increasing the benefit per unit area. The method includes the following steps: Field selection and soil preparation: Select a field with the previous crop being potato or corn, conduct deep loosening, and harrow the field; Sowing barley: Sow when the topsoil thaws more than 5 cm, and sow in rows; Barley fertilization: Apply basal fertilizer during soil preparation or seed fertilizer during sowing; Apply 2 - 4 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 m 2 , 4 - 6 kg of phosphate fertilizer per 667 m 2 , and 0.5 - 2 kg of potassium fertilizer per 667 m 2 ; Barley field management: Roll the young barley plants 1 - 2 times at the 3 - 4 leaf stage; Barley pest, disease, and weed control: Treat the seeds to prevent barley root rot, stripe disease, net blotch, zonate leaf spot, and smut; Chemically spray during the growth period to control the meadow moth and armyworm; Conduct weed control once before sowing or before emergence after sowing, and once at the 3 - 4 leaf stage; Barley harvest: Harvest the grains at the dough stage or full - ripe stage, or harvest the forage at the filling stage, milk - ripe stage to dough stage; Sowing soybeans: Sow before mid - July, form ridges, and sow in two, three, or four rows on the ridges; Soybean fertilization: Apply seed fertilizer during sowing, apply 4 - 6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 m 2 , 6 - 8 kg of phosphate fertilizer per 667 m 2 ; Apply micronutrient fertilizers during the flowering stage and pod - setting and grain - filling stage; Soybean field management: Conduct deep loosening at the seedling stage, hoe and cultivate; Irrigate in a timely manner; Soybean pest, disease, and weed control: Treat the seeds to prevent soybean downy mildew, root rot, and cyst nematode; Chemically control sclerotinia rot and pull out the diseased plants; Control aphids, soybean pod borers, spider mites, and meadow moths; Conduct weed control before and after emergence; Soybean harvest: Harvest when all the soybean leaves have fallen off and the moisture content of the grains is less than 15%.

[0007] Preferably, the field is flat, has good drainage, fertile soil, loose soil texture, a pH value of 6.5 - 8.5, and no long - residual herbicides have been applied.

[0008] Preferably, when the previous crop is corn, complete straw crushing and evenly spread it in autumn, conduct deep loosening and harrowing, and overwinter in a state ready for sowing; When the previous crop is potato, rotary till and overwinter, and sow barley in the following spring.

[0009] More preferably, the depth of deep loosening is more than 40 cm, the row spacing of deep loosening is 35 ± 1 cm, harrow the field along with deep loosening, the ground is flat, there are no large soil clods on the surface, and there are no lumps in the plough layer.

[0010] Preferably, the barley variety is a variety with high yield, good quality and resistance; The soybean is an early - maturing variety with a growth - period active accumulated temperature ≤ 1900℃.

[0011] Preferably, the row spacing for sowing barley is 14 - 16 cm, and the sowing depth is 3 - 4 cm; for soybeans, there are two rows on a 65 - cm ridge with a row spacing of 10 - 12 cm, three rows on a 110 - cm ridge with a row spacing of 20 - 25 cm, and four rows on a 130 - cm ridge with a row spacing of 10 - 15 cm, 33 - 37 cm, 10 - 15 cm (narrow - wide rows).

[0012] Preferably, when the barley is two - row barley, the number of seedlings retained is 4.5 - 4.9 million plants / hm 2 , and when the barley is multi - row barley, the number of seedlings retained is 4 - 4.5 million plants / hm 2 ; the number of seedlings retained for soybeans is 0.35 - 0.45 million plants / hm 2 .

[0013] Preferably, for soybeans, a double - shovel deep - loosening machine is used for layered deep - loosening. The operating depth of the front shovel is 10 - 12 cm, and the operating depth of the rear shovel is 25 - 30 cm; after deep - loosening, tillage is carried out once every 10 - 12 days, and then 1 - 2 more times with an interval of 7 - 10 days; for irrigation, sprinkler irrigation is used. The irrigation amount is 30 mm from the branching to flowering stage, 30 - 40 mm from the flowering to pod - setting stage, and 30 - 35 mm from the pod - setting to grain - filling stage, and the soil moisture content is 25% - 30%.

[0014] Preferably, for barley, 400 - 500 mL of Dividend seed coating agent is diluted 3 - 4 times to coat 100 kg of seeds; 20 - 35 mL of 10% cypermethrin EC is sprayed per 667 m 2 to control insect pests; at the 3 - 4 - leaf stage, 6 - 8 g of 10% tribenuron - methyl powder + 30 - 40 mL of 50% 2,4 - D isooctyl ester EC per 667 m 2 is used to control broad - leaf weeds, and 75 - 85 mL of 5% pinoxaden EC or 69 g / L fenoxaprop - P - ethyl EW per 667 m 2 is used to control gramineous weeds. 2

[0015] Preferably, for soybeans, they are coated and mixed with 2.5% fludioxonil seed coating agent; cymoxanil is sprayed to control Sclerotinia rot; imidacloprid is sprayed to control aphids; for controlling soybean pod borers, Trichogramma is released during the egg stage, sex pheromone traps are sprayed during the adult stage, and dichlorvos is used for fumigation or pyrethroid pesticides are sprayed during the peak adult stage; chlorpyrifos or emamectin benzoate is sprayed to control spider mites; 2.5% lambda - cyhalothrin EC or deltamethrin is sprayed to control the larvae of the beet webworm, and insecticidal lamps or sex pheromone traps are used to control the adult beet webworm; before sowing, 80 - 120 mL of 96% S - metolachlor EC + 75 - 100 mL of 50% 2,4 - D isooctyl ester EC + 55 - 82.5 mL of 480 g / L metamitron SC per 667 m 2 is used. 2 2 ​​Perform a sealing treatment. After emergence, select 100 - 120 mL of 250 g / L fomesafen emulsifiable concentrate per 667 m 2 + 22 - 43 mL of 10% quizalofop - p - ethyl emulsifiable concentrate per 667 m 2 to control broad - leaf weeds and gramineous weeds.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The two - crop - a - year cultivation method of the present invention can harvest 2.0 t of barley silage per 667 m per year 2 Above, calculated at 600 - 800 yuan per ton, subtracting the production cost, the benefit is 200 - 300 yuan per 667 m 2 . For the second crop, there is no need to replant soybeans, reducing the soybean planting cost. Harvest 125 kg of soybeans per 667 m 2 Above, calculated at 2.0 yuan per jin, the income is 500 yuan per 667 m 2 Above.

[0017] Compared with the use of traditional planting methods, the innovation of the barley - multiple - cropping - soybean cost - reduction and efficiency - increase production model not only solves the problem of the shortage of green forage during the dry period from July to October and improves the quality of livestock products by using the production of the previous - crop barley; the north - to - south expansion of the subsequent - crop soybeans also solves the problems of unstable soybean planting area and low production capacity and other food security issues. At the same time, by using the salt - alkali tolerance of barley and the nitrogen - fixing characteristics of the soybean stubble, it changes the continuous - cropping system of corn, providing technical support for the adjustment of the planting structure in cold regions (such as Northeast China) and the comprehensive transformation and utilization of soda saline - alkali land. The present invention can realize a three - crop rotation system of two - year barley + soybean + corn or a two - crop rotation system of barley + soybean + barley + soybean in cold regions, having ecological strategic significance for improving the soil environment, facilitating the protection and sustainable utilization of black soil. Specific embodiments

[0018] The present invention provides a cultivation method for two - crops - a - year of barley multiple - cropping soybean in cold regions, preferably applied in areas with an active accumulated temperature ≥ 2500℃ in Northeast China, including the following steps: I. Field selection and soil preparation (1) Field selection The present invention preferably selects a plot with the previous - crop being potato or corn; further preferably, the plot has a flat terrain, good drainage, fertile soil, loose soil texture, a pH value of 6.5 - 8.5, and no long - residue herbicides applied; (2) Soil preparation The soil - preparation method of the present invention is deep loosening and harrowing. Preferably, the deep - loosening depth is more than 40 cm, and the deep - loosening row spacing is 35 ± 1 cm. Along with deep loosening and harrowing, the ground is flat, there are no large soil clods on the surface, and there are no clods in the plough layer; further preferably, when the previous - crop is corn, complete straw crushing and uniform spreading in autumn, deep loosening and harrowing, and reach the state of being ready for sowing for winter; when the previous - crop is potato, rotary tillage is carried out for winter, and barley is sown in the next spring.

[0019] More preferably, the subsoiling method is as follows: Under suitable moisture conditions, subsoil in a timely manner. The subsoiling depth should be based on the principle of breaking the plow sole to play the role of storing water and preserving soil moisture. The subsoiling operation standard: The depth requirement is more than 40 cm, the soil penetration depth of each shovel tip is the same, and the error does not exceed ±1 cm. The subsoiling row spacing is 35 cm, the row spacing error is ±1 cm, there should be no blank spaces left after subsoiling, the ground surface is flat, the soil is loose, and there are no trenches. The joint is good, without overlapping or missing, subsoil to the head and edge of the field, the head of the field is neat, and the deviation of the reciprocating joint line does not exceed 5 cm.

[0020] More preferably, the harrowing method is as follows: Harrow in a timely manner. Generally, harrow immediately after subsoiling, and do not let the harrowing be out of joint with the spring and autumn plowing to facilitate water storage and moisture preservation. The harrowing operation standard: The harrowing depth should meet the requirements, with the same depth. During operation, adjust the soil penetration angle of the harrow blades well. The running direction of the machine set should form an angle of at least 30° with the subsoiling direction. After harrowing, it should reach two-leveling and one-crushing, that is: leveling on the upper and lower levels. The soil is finely crushed, and all weeds are cut off. The ground surface is flat, harrow to the head and edge, without missing harrowing or dragging piles. The overlapping harrowing amount of adjacent working widths is less than 15 cm. The levelling and land levelling are continuously operated to enhance the water storage and moisture preservation capacity of the soil. In severely dry spring years, especially seize the opportunity to rush to level the land and preserve moisture with a land leveller during the freeze-thaw period to create a good seedbed for crops. For autumn land preparation, roll the land in a timely manner after harrowing to crush the soil clods to facilitate moisture preservation. After rolling, make the surface soil and subsoil closely combined, and the ground surface is flat. Press once in a timely manner in spring to prevent moisture loss. After land preparation, the plough layer soil should reach finely crushed, loose, with a virtual upper layer and a solid lower layer, and the ground surface is flat. The height difference within 10 m 2 does not exceed 4 cm, there are no large soil clods on the ground surface, no clods in the plough layer, and the number of soil clods with a diameter of 5 cm per square meter does not exceed 3.

[0021] II. Variety selection and seed and treatment (I) Variety selection Select high-quality and stress-resistant varieties that are suitable for the local ecological conditions and have been registered and popularized. The present invention preferably selects barley as a variety with high yield, good quality and resistance. Further preferably, it includes Longsimai No. 1, Longsimai No. 5, Longlanluo No. 1, and Longsimai No. 7; preferably selects soybeans as early-maturing varieties with a growth period of active accumulated temperature ≤ 1900 °C.

[0022] (II) Seed treatment The present invention preferably coats the barley seeds with a dressing. Select 400 - 500 mL of Dividend seed coating agent and add 3 - 4 times of water to dress 100 kg of seeds, mainly to prevent root rot, stripe disease, net blotch, zonate leaf spot and smut. Further preferably, the dressing should be uniform, so that the medicament adheres well to the seeds. After dressing, bag and suffocate the seeds for 1 - 2 days, and it is strictly prohibited to sow immediately after dressing. Preferably, before sowing soybeans, select 2.5% fludioxonil seed coating agent for coating treatment to prevent downy mildew, root rot and cyst nematode disease.

[0023] III. Sowing (I) Sowing date Barley can be sown when the topsoil thaws more than 5 cm and machinery can enter the field for operation. Soybeans should be sown after the barley (silage) is harvested and dried, and should be sown before mid-July at the latest.

[0024] (II) Sowing method Mechanical sowing is used, preferably with a row spacing of 14-16cm for barley, a sowing depth of 3-4cm, and pressing as sowing occurs. Preferably, soybeans are sown in one of the following ways: two rows on a 65cm ridge, with a small row spacing of 10-12cm between the two rows; three rows on a large 110cm ridge, with a row spacing of 20-25cm on the ridge; four rows on a 130cm ridge, with a row spacing of 10-15cm on the ridge, and a wide and narrow row of 33-37cm.

[0025] (III) Number of seedlings to be preserved When the preferred barley is two-row barley, 4.5-4.9 million plants / hm2 2 , 4-4.5 million plants / hm2 for multi-row barley 2 The optimal number of soybean seedlings in conventional ridge cultivation is 350,000-450,000 plants / hm2. 2 .

[0026] 4. Sowing method It is preferred to use a special seeder for one-time sowing, and the sowing amount should be consistent with the design. Sowing should be timely, sowing and fertilizing should be even and accurate, sowing rows should be straight, row spacing should be equal, the field should be neat, no duplication or omission, no mixing or mismatch, the depth should be consistent, the soil should be covered tightly, and pressing should be done as sowing progresses.

[0027] 4. Fertilization (I) Fertilization period For barley, base fertilizer is applied during land preparation or seed fertilizer is applied during sowing. It is preferred to apply foliar topdressing according to the growth situation. It is further preferred to apply foliar spraying in combination with weeding at the three-leaf stage or in combination with disease prevention at the flowering stage. For soybeans, seed fertilizer is applied once in combination with sowing, and micro-fertilizer is applied during the flowering stage and the pod-setting and grain-filling stage.

[0028] (ii) Fertilizer application amount Barley nitrogen fertilizer 2-4kg / 667m 2 , phosphate fertilizer 4-6kg / 667m 2 , Potassium fertilizer 0.5-2kg / 667m 2 ; It is preferred to set different fertilizer amounts according to different uses. For beer and feed barley, the total fertilizer amount is 17kg / 667m 2 , of which diammonium phosphate was applied at 10kg / 667m 2 , urea 5.5kg / 667m 2 , Potash fertilizer 1.5kg / 667m 2 ; Total fertilizer application for edible and silage barley: 18.5-22.5kg / 667m 2 , of which diammonium phosphate 10-12kg / 667m2 Apply 6 - 8 kg of urea per 667 m² 2 Apply 2.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per 667 m² 2 For soybeans, apply 4 - 6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 m² 2 Apply 6 - 8 kg of phosphate fertilizer per 667 m² 2 Preferably, apply 4 - 6 kg of urea per 667 m² 2 Apply 14 - 17 kg of diammonium phosphate per 667 m² 2 .

[0029] V. Field Management (I) Field Management of Barley According to the soil moisture content and the growth of barley, roll the young barley plants 1 - 2 times at the 3 - 4 leaf stage of barley to conserve soil moisture, promote tillering, and increase the strength of the stem. As an implementable method, use a "V"-shaped roller to roll the young barley plants once to resist drought, promote growth at the lower part and control growth at the upper part to prevent lodging. When rolling the young barley plants, use a crawler tractor to operate diagonally at a speed not exceeding 6 km / h, perform overlapping rolling, and do not allow sharp turns. Rolling of young barley plants is not allowed after the 4 - leaf stage, otherwise it will cause crop yield reduction. Since the barley straw is relatively weak, lodging is likely to occur if the seeding density is too high or the fertilization amount is too large. If the growth is too vigorous, preferably spray 35 - 40 mL of stem strengthening agent per 667 m² in combination with chemical weed control at the 3 - 4 leaf stage 2 to prevent lodging.

[0030] (II) Field Management of Soybeans Deep loosening: Preferably, conduct deep loosening of the furrow during the seedling stage of soybeans, which can loosen the soil, increase temperature, disperse cold, store water and conserve moisture, and promote the growth of soybean seedlings. Use a double-shovel deep loosening machine to conduct layered deep loosening. The working depth of the front shovel is 10 - 12 cm, and the working depth of the rear shovel is 25 - 30 cm.

[0031] Shoveling and ridging: Shovel and ridge in a timely manner. During the growth period of soybeans, perform two shoveling operations and three ridging operations, and the seedling injury rate during shoveling and ridging is less than 3%. Preferably, conduct shoveling and ridging once 10 - 12 days after deep loosening of soybeans, and then conduct 1 - 2 more shoveling and ridging operations at intervals of 7 - 10 days according to the growth of soybeans.

[0032] Sprinkler irrigation. In areas with conditions, it is determined according to the actual situation and the water requirement law of soybean growth and development. Preferably, the sprinkler irrigation amount is 30 mm during the branching - flowering stage, 30 - 40 mm during the flowering - podding stage, and 30 - 35 mm during the podding - grain filling stage, so as to keep the soil moisture at 25% - 30%, protect flowers and pods, and improve yield and quality.

[0033] VI. Prevention and Control of Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds (I) Disease Prevention and Control For barley root rot, stripe disease, net blotch disease, and zonate leaf spot disease, use seed dressing before sowing for prevention and control; For soybean downy mildew, root rot, and cyst nematode disease, use seed dressing before sowing for prevention and control; Preferably, when the central diseased plants of soybean sclerotinia rot are found, promptly pull them out and take them out of the field for destruction, and select dimethachlon for spraying prevention and control.

[0034] (II) Pest control The main pests of barley include Loxostege sticticalis, Mythimna separata, etc. Preferably, during the growth period, mechanical spraying of pyrethroid (cypermethrin) chemical agents is used for prevention and control, with a dosage of 20 - 35 mL / 667 m 2 .

[0035] For soybean aphids, imidacloprid is selected for field spraying; for soybean pod borer eggs, Trichogramma is selected for release twice during the egg stage for prevention and control; for adults, sex attractants are used for trapping and killing; when the field is well ridged during the peak adult stage, dichlorvos is made into poisonous sticks for field fumigation or conventional spraying of pyrethroid pesticides is carried out, and dichlorvos is used for fumigation or spraying around the Beginning of Autumn. For red spider control, chlorpyrifos and emamectin benzoate are selected for field spraying. For Loxostege sticticalis control, insecticidal lamps or sex attractants are used to trap and kill adults; during the peak egg stage in the field, combined with intertillage and weeding, the weeds with eggs that have fallen in the field are uprooted and taken out of the field for destruction; when most of the larvae are in the 3rd instar stage, beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate and deltamethrin are selected for timely spraying for prevention and control. The application rates of the above-mentioned agents are applied according to the conventional application rates in the art.

[0036] (III) Weed control Barley weed control: At the 3 - 4 leaf stage of barley, different herbicides are used according to different weed communities. 6 - 8 g of 10% tribenuron-methyl powder + 30 - 40 mL of 50% 2,4-D isooctyl ester emulsifiable concentrate per 667 m 2 are used to control broad-leaved weeds, and 75 - 85 mL of 5% pinoxaden emulsifiable concentrate or 69 g / L fenoxaprop-p-ethyl aqueous emulsion are used to control gramineous weeds such as wild oats and barnyard grass per 667 m 2 .

[0037] Soybean weed control: Pre-emergence chemical weeding: In areas with good soil moisture and fine land preparation, pre-emergence chemical weeding is selected. After sowing soybeans, 80 - 120 mL of 96% S-metolachlor emulsifiable concentrate per 667 m 2 + 75 - 100 mL of 50% 2,4-D isooctyl ester emulsifiable concentrate per 667 m 2 + 55 - 82.5 mL of 480 g / L metamitron suspension per 667 m 2 are used for pre-emergence closed treatment.

[0038] Post-emergence chemical weeding: When soybeans emerge and have 1 - 3 compound leaves, at the 3 - 5 leaf stage of gramineous weeds and the 2 - 4 leaf stage of broad-leaved weeds, pesticides are applied. 100 - 120 mL of 250 g / L fomesafen emulsifiable concentrate per 667 m 2 + 22 - 43 mL of 10% quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate per 667 m 2 are used to control annual gramineous weeds and broad-leaved weeds in soybean fields.

[0039] VII. Harvesting (1) Harvesting of Barley Grains Cut and sun-dry grains at the dough stage: It is recommended to cut and sun-dry. Conduct a trial cut in the early dough stage, and conduct large-scale cut and sun-dry in the middle and late dough stages. It is required that the swather must be equipped with a spreading device. The cutting stubble height is 15 - 20 cm, the width of the swath is 1.2 - 1.5 m, the angle of the swath is about 30° or in a fish-scale pattern, the ear heads do not touch the ground, the cut and sun-dried laying should be uniform and neat, the curvature within 100 meters does not exceed ±20 cm, and the loss per square meter does not exceed 0.2%. To prevent rain from making the grain color darker, when the barley moisture drops below 18%, timely pick up the grains to prevent the quality from deteriorating after being rained on.

[0040] Directly harvest grains at the full-ripe stage: The direct harvesting period is from the early to the late full-ripe stage. During the operation, it is necessary to ensure no grain leakage, no grain running, no grain wrapping, and no grain scattering. The comprehensive harvesting loss rate does not exceed 2%, the breakage rate does not exceed 1%, the cleaning rate is greater than 95%. To prevent damage to the barley, the roller speed is required not to exceed 1000 r / min, the chopped length of the straw is not more than 10 cm, the spreading width should not be less than the cutting width, and the spreading should be uniform.

[0041] (2) Harvesting of Barley Forage Barley can be mechanically harvested during the filling stage, milk-ripe stage to dough stage. The cutting stubble above the ground is 5 - 10 cm for making silage and green hay. The silage storage methods are divided into two types: wrapped and pit storage. When the dry matter is below 30%, cut into sections of 3 - 5 cm and directly conduct pit storage. It is also possible to cut and sun-dry until the dry matter content reaches more than 30%, then pick up the grains, cut into sections of 3 - 5 cm and make wrapped silage; or directly cut with a harvester and cut into sections of 3 - 5 cm to make wrapped silage when the dry matter reaches more than 30%. Or cut and sun-dry until the moisture reaches below 30% to make green hay.

[0042] (3) Harvesting of Soybeans Soybeans should be harvested when all the soybean leaves have fallen off, the stem is yellow and withered, the grains are round, showing the color of the variety, and the water content is below 15%. The cutting stubble height should be such that no bottom pods are left and no "muddy face" appears, without losing branches, without pod shattering, and without sediment, and the loss rate ≤ 3%. After cutting, sun-dry for 5 - 7 days, and ensure single cutting, single hauling, single threshing, and single variety storage.

[0043] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] Embodiment 1 A cultivation method for double cropping of barley and soybeans in cold regions for two seasons a year is as follows: (1) Selecting land and preparing the soil: Select a plot with flat terrain, good drainage, fertile soil, loose soil texture, and a pH value of 7, and a plot that has not been treated with long-residual herbicides; the previous crop is corn, and complete straw crushing, even spreading, deep loosening, and harrowing in autumn.

[0045] Deep loosening operation standard: the depth is required to be more than 40cm, and the depth of each shovel tip into the soil is consistent, with an error of no more than ±1cm. The deep loosening row spacing is 35cm, and the row spacing error is ±1cm. There should be no empty spaces left after loosening, the surface should be flat, the soil should be loose, and there should be no trenches. The joint width should be good, without duplication or leakage, and the loosening should be done to the edge of the field, the edge of the field should be neat, and the deviation of the reciprocating joint line should not exceed 5cm. Harrowing operation standard: the harrowing depth should meet the requirements, the depth should be consistent, the angle of the harrow blade entering the soil should be adjusted during operation, the running direction of the unit should be at least 30° with the deep loosening direction, and after harrowing, two levels and one crushing should be achieved, that is, the upper and lower levels should be leveled; the soil should be finely crushed, and all weeds should be cut off; the surface of the ground should be flat, harrowed to the end and the edge, without missing any harrows or dragging any piles, and the heavy harrowing volume of the adjacent working width should be less than 15cm. The harrowing and flattening should be carried out continuously; in autumn, the ground should be pressed in time after harrowing to crush the soil clods to facilitate moisture conservation, and the topsoil and subsoil should be tightly combined after pressing, and the surface of the ground should be leveled; it should be pressed in time in spring to prevent moisture loss; after land preparation, the tillage layer should be finely crushed and loose, with the upper part being hollow and the lower part being solid, and the ground should be leveled, 10m 2 The height difference shall not exceed 4cm, there shall be no large clods of earth on the surface, no rocks in the cultivated layer, and there shall be no more than 3 clods of earth with a diameter of 5cm per square meter.

[0046] (2) Barley sowing: Select barley varieties with high yield, good quality and resistance. When the topsoil thaws by more than 5 cm, sow the seeds in rows with a row spacing of 15 cm and a sowing depth of 3-4 cm. Press the seeds as they are sown. The seedling maintenance rate for two-row barley is 4.5-4.9 million plants / hm2. 2 , multi-row barley seedlings 4-4.5 million plants / hm 2 .

[0047] (3) Fertilization of barley: Apply base fertilizer during land preparation; for beer and feed barley, apply diammonium phosphate 10kg / 667m 2 , urea 5.5kg / 667m 2 , Potash fertilizer 1.5kg / 667m 2 ; 11kg / 667m2 of diammonium phosphate was applied to edible and silage barley 2 , urea 7kg / 667m 2 , potash fertilizer 2.5kg / 667m 2 .

[0048] (4) Barley field management: Press the seedlings 1-2 times at the 3-4 leaf stage with a "V" type roller. Use a chain track tractor to press the seedlings at a limited speed of no more than 6 km / h. Press the seedlings and do not make sharp turns. If the seedlings grow too vigorously, spray 35 mL / 667 m3 of stem crusher at the 3 leaf stage. 2 .

[0049] (5) Control of barley diseases, insect pests and weeds: Add 1.5L of water to 450mL of Diwedan seed dressing agent and mix with 100kg of seeds to control barley root rot, stripe, web blotch, cloud pattern and smut; spray 10% cypermethrin 30mL / 667m during the growing season2 Control of Loxostege sticticalis and Mythimna separata; At the three-leaf stage, use 7 g of 10% tribenuron-methyl powder per 667 m 2 + 35 mL of 50% 2,4-D isooctyl ester emulsifiable concentrate per 667 m 2 To control broad-leaved weeds, use 80 mL of 5% pinoxaden emulsifiable concentrate or 69 g / L fenoxaprop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate per 667 m 2 To control gramineous weeds such as Avena fatua and Echinochloa crusgalli.

[0050] (6)Barley harvest: Harvest straw or grains according to actual needs; Forage can be harvested during the filling stage, milk-ripe stage to dough-ripe stage, or grains can be harvested during the dough-ripe stage and full-ripe stage.

[0051] Among them, when harvesting straw during the milk-ripe stage for making silage, use mechanical harvesting, with a stubble height of 5 - 10 cm above the ground for making silage; The silage storage methods are divided into two types: wrapped silage and pit silage. When the dry matter is less than 30%, cut into sections of 3 - 5 cm and directly store in the pit. Or mow and sun-dry until the dry matter content reaches more than 30%, then pick up and cut into sections of 3 - 5 cm for wrapped silage; Or directly cut with a mower when the dry matter reaches more than 30% and make wrapped silage after cutting into sections of 3 - 5 cm.

[0052] (7)Soybean sowing: After harvesting barley, rotary tillage, ridging and compaction are carried out, and sowing is carried out before mid-July. Sow in double rows, triple rows or quadruple rows on the ridge; Among them, for double rows on a 65-cm ridge, the row spacing is 11 cm; For triple rows on an 110-cm ridge, the row spacing is 22.5 cm; For 4 rows on a 130-cm ridge, the row spacing is 12.5 cm, 35 cm, 12.5 cm wide-narrow rows; The seedling retention number is 400,000 plants per hm 2 。

[0053] (8)Soybean fertilization: Apply seed fertilizer during sowing, apply 5 kg of urea per 667 m 2 and 15 kg of diammonium phosphate per 667 m 2 ; Apply trace elements during the flowering stage and pod-setting and pod-filling stages.

[0054] (9)Soybean field management: Deep loosening during the seedling stage, use a double-shovel deep loosening machine for layered deep loosening. The operation depth of the front shovel is 10 cm, and the operation depth of the rear shovel is 25 cm; 10 days after deep loosening of soybeans, carry out one weeding and earthing-up operation. According to the growth of soybeans, 1 - 2 more weeding and earthing-up operations can be carried out at intervals of 7 days. The seedling injury rate of weeding and earthing-up is less than 3%; Irrigate in a timely manner, 30 mm during the branching - flowering stage, 35 mm during the flowering - pod-setting stage, 32 mm during the pod-setting and pod-filling stage, so that the soil moisture is maintained at 25% - 30%.

[0055] (10)Soybean disease, pest and weed control: Coating and mixing seeds with 2.5% fludioxonil seed coating agent to control soybean downy mildew, root rot and cyst nematode; When the central diseased plants of soybean sclerotinia rot are found, pull them out in time, take them out of the field and destroy them, and select dimethachlon agent for spraying control; Select imidacloprid agent for field spraying of soybean aphids; For the eggs of soybean pod borer, Trichogramma are released twice at the egg stage for control, and sex pheromones are used to trap and kill the adults at the adult stage. When the field is well ridged at the peak of the adults, make poisonous sticks with dichlorvos for field fumigation or use pyrethroid pesticides for conventional spraying. Around the Beginning of Autumn, dichlorvos can be used for fumigation or spraying; For the control of spider mites, select chlorpyrifos agent for field spraying; For the control of beet webworm, use sex pheromones to trap and kill the adults. At the peak of the eggs in the field, combined with intertillage and weeding, remove the weeds with eggs in the field and take them out of the field for destruction. When most of the larvae are in the 3rd instar, select lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate for timely spraying control; After sowing soybeans, select 100 mL / 667 m of 96% S-metolachlor EC 2 + 80 mL / 667 m of 50% 2,4-D isooctyl ester EC 2 + 75 mL / 667 m of 480 g / L metamitron SC 2 for pre-emergence soil sealing treatment; When the soybeans emerge and have 1-3 compound leaves, at the 3-5 leaf stage of gramineous weeds and the 2-4 leaf stage of broad-leaved weeds, apply 110 mL / 667 m of 250 g / L fomesafen EC 2 + 35 mL / 667 m of 10% quizalofop-P-ethyl EC 2 to control annual gramineous and broad-leaved weeds in soybean fields.

[0056] (11)Soybean harvest: Soybeans are harvested when all the soybean leaves have fallen off, the stems are yellow and withered, the grains are round, showing the color of this variety, and the water content is less than 15%. The cutting height should be such that no bottom pods are left and no "muddy face" appears, without losing branches, pods not bursting, no sediment, and the loss rate ≤ 3%. After cutting, sun-dry for 5-7 days, and ensure single harvesting, single hauling, single threshing, and single-variety storage.

[0057] The present invention respectively carried out "technical promotion of barley mowing for processing wheat green pigment and multiple cropping of soybeans" and "technical promotion of barley silage and multiple cropping of soybeans" using Example 1, and the promotion area and economic benefits are as follows.

[0058] As shown in Table 1, using the new barley variety Longpi Mai 3 for mowing to process wheat green pigment, due to its many tillers, fast growth at the beginning, uniform tillering, high biological yield, the harvesting period is advanced by 5-7 days, and 150-200 °C accumulated temperature is obtained. On the basis of ensuring the yield of wheat green pigment, a season of early-maturing soybeans is multiple cropped to increase income. With an increase of 100 kg per mu, calculated at an average of 4.5 yuan per kg, a total of 0.3 million mu is promoted, and the total increased benefit is 1.35 million yuan.

[0059] Table 1 Promotion area and economic benefits of barley mowing and multiple cropping of soybeans

[0060] As shown in Table 2, the new barley variety Longsimai No. 1 is used to make silage during the milk ripening stage of forage barley. It has a high biological yield and can complete double cropping with an early-maturing soybean variety in one season, increasing the income. With an increase of 100 - 180 kg of soybeans per mu, calculated at an average price of 4.0 - 5.0 yuan per kg, the total promoted area is 46,400 mu, and the total increased benefit is 32.70 million yuan.

[0061] Table 2 Promoted Area and Economic Benefits of Barley Silage Double Cropping with Soybeans

[0062] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for double cropping soybeans after barley in cold regions for two seasons in one year, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Field selection and preparation: Select a field with the previous crop being potato or corn, conduct deep loosening, and harrow the field; Sowing barley: Sow when the topsoil thaws more than 5 cm, and sow in rows; Barley fertilization: Apply basal fertilizer during land preparation or seed fertilizer during sowing; apply 2 - 4 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 m 2 , 4 - 6 kg of phosphate fertilizer per 667 m 2 , 0.5 - 2 kg of potassium fertilizer per 667 m 2 ; Barley field management: Roll the young barley plants 1 - 2 times at the 3 - 4 leaf stage; Barley pest, disease and weed control: Treat the seeds to prevent barley root rot, stripe disease, net blotch, zonate leaf spot and smut; Chemically spray during the growth period to control Loxostege sticticalis and Mythimna separata; Conduct weeding once before sowing or before emergence after sowing, and once at the 3 - 4 leaf stage; Barley harvest: Harvest the grains at the dough stage or full maturity stage, or harvest the forage at the filling stage, milk stage to dough stage; Sowing soybeans: Sow before mid - July, form ridges, and sow in two, three or four rows on the ridge; Soybean fertilization: Apply seed fertilizer at sowing, applying 4 - 6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 m 2 , and 6 - 8 kg of phosphate fertilizer per 667 m 2 ; Top-dress trace elements during the flowering period and the pod-setting and grain-filling periods; Soybean field management: Conduct deep loosening at the seedling stage, hoe and cultivate; Irrigate in a timely manner; Soybean pest, disease and weed control: Treat the seeds to prevent soybean downy mildew, root rot and cyst nematode; Chemically control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and pull out the diseased plants; Control aphids, soybean pod borers, spider mites and Loxostege sticticalis; Conduct weeding before and after emergence; Soybean harvest: Harvest when all the soybean leaves have fallen off and the moisture content of the grains is less than 15%; 2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The said field is flat, with good drainage, fertile soil, loose soil texture, pH value of 6.5 - 8.5, and no long - residue herbicides have been applied.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the previous crop is corn, complete straw crushing and evenly spread it in autumn, conduct deep loosening and harrowing, and overwinter in a state ready for sowing; When the previous crop is potato, rotary till and overwinter, and sow barley in the next spring.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The depth of deep loosening is more than 40 cm, the row spacing of deep loosening is 35 ± 1 cm, harrow the field along with deep loosening, the ground is flat, there are no large soil clods on the surface, and there are no lumps in the plough layer.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The said barley variety is a variety with high yield, good quality and resistance; The soybeans are early - maturing varieties with active accumulated temperature ≤ 1900℃ during the growth period.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The row spacing for sowing barley is 14 - 16 cm, and the sowing depth is 3 - 4 cm; For soybeans, on a 65 - cm ridge, the row spacing for two rows is 10 - 12 cm, on an 110 - cm ridge, the row spacing for three rows is 20 - 25 cm, on a 130 - cm ridge, the row spacing for four rows is 10 - 15 cm, 33 - 37 cm, 10 - 15 cm wide - narrow rows.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the barley is two-row barley, the number of seedlings to be retained is 4.5 - 4.9 million plants per hectare 2 , when the barley is multi-row barley, the number of seedlings to be retained is 4.0 - 4.5 million plants per hectare 2 ; the number of soybean seedlings to be retained is 0.35 - 0.45 million plants per hectare 2 .

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, For soybeans, use a double - shovel deep - loosening machine for layered deep loosening. The operation depth of the front shovel is 10 - 12 cm, and the operation depth of the rear shovel is 25 - 30 cm; Hoe and cultivate once every 10 - 12 days after deep loosening, and hoe and cultivate 1 - 2 more times at intervals of 7 - 10 days; The irrigation adopts sprinkler irrigation, and the irrigation amount is 30 mm from the branching to flowering stage, 30 - 40 mm from the flowering to pod - setting stage, 30 - 35 mm from the pod - setting to pod - filling stage, and the soil moisture content is 25% - 30%.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The barley seeds are dressed with 400 - 500 mL of the captan seed coating agent diluted 3 - 4 times for 100 kg of seeds; 20 - 35 mL of 10% cypermethrin EC is sprayed per 667 m 2 to control insect pests; at the 3 - 4 leaf stage, 6 - 8 g of 10% tribenuron-methyl powder per 667 m 2 + 30 - 40 mL of 50% 2,4-D isooctyl ester EC per 667 m 2 is sprayed to control broad-leaved weeds, and 75 - 85 mL of 5% pinoxaden EC or 69 g / L fenoxaprop-p-ethyl EW per 667 m 2 is sprayed to control grassy weeds.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soybeans are coated and dressed with 2.5% fludioxonil seed coating agent; iprodione is sprayed to control Sclerotinia rot; imidacloprid is sprayed to control aphids; for controlling soybean pod borer, Trichogramma evanescens is released during the egg stage, sex attractant is sprayed during the adult stage, and dichlorvos is used for fumigation or pyrethroid pesticides are sprayed during the peak adult stage; chlorpyrifos or emamectin benzoate is sprayed to control spider mites; beta-cyfluthrin emulsifiable concentrate or deltamethrin is sprayed to control the larvae of beet webworm, and insecticidal lamp or sex attractant is used to control the adult beet webworm; before emergence, 80 - 120 mL / 667m 2 + 75 - 100 mL / 667m of 50% 2,4-D isooctyl ester emulsifiable concentrate 2 + 55 - 82.5 mL / 667m of 480 g / L metamitron suspension concentrate 2 are used for closed treatment, and after emergence, 100 - 120 mL / 667m of 250 g / L fomesafen emulsifiable concentrate 2 + 22 - 43 mL / 667m of 10% quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate 2 are used to control broadleaf weeds and gramineous weeds.

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