Method for planting aired eggplant coats in seedling raising shed

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting and airing eggplant coats in a seedling raising shed, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting and airing. The method comprises the steps of seedling shed transformation, planting, management, harvesting and airing; the planting is seedling raising greenhouse planting; in the step of planting in the seedling raising shed, mellow soil and a seedling raising substrate are added into nutrition bags, one tobacco seedling is raised in each seedling raising bag, the seedling raising bags are placed in the seedling raising shed, the line spacing during placement is controlled to be 110-120 cm, and the seedling raising bags in each line are placed next to each other; according to the method, the planting cost of the eggplant coats can be effectively reduced, and the appearance and quality of the aired eggplant coats can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting and curing, and particularly relates to a method for planting and curing cigar wrapper in a seedling shed. Background Art

[0002] As a special tobacco product, cigar has a mellow and rich aroma and relatively less harm to the human body. In recent years, its production and sales volume has been continuously increasing. In the general environment where the sales volume of traditional cigarette products has been continuously declining, it has become a new growth point in the tobacco industry. High-quality cigar tobacco leaf raw materials are the basis for making high-quality cigars. The fragrance quality and style characteristics of cigar tobacco leaves are crucial for the quality of cigar products. At present, domestic cigar tobacco leaf raw materials are seriously scarce, and there are still large differences in quality compared with foreign high-quality raw materials. Except for the relatively large use of domestic cigar raw materials in machine-made mini cigars and traditional hand-rolled leaf bundle cigars, the cigar wrapper and binder are almost all imported. With the explosive growth of Chinese cigars, the demand for domestic high-quality cigar wrapper is becoming increasingly strong. However, at present, the cigar planting in Weifang, especially the planting technology of high-quality cigar wrapper, is still blank, and the cost of newly built curing sheds is relatively high, resulting in limited tobacco leaf curing and difficult to meet the demand of large-scale planting in a short time.

[0003] High-quality cigar wrapper not only has strict requirements for the aroma of tobacco leaves, but also has strict requirements for the appearance and quality of tobacco leaves. After analyzing the problems in tobacco planting and curing, it is found that the main problems encountered at present are: First, in tobacco planting, in terms of fertilizer management, due to the poor fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, in order to improve the tobacco planting speed, the method of increasing the fertilizer dosage is often used. However, if the fertilizer dosage is too large, it will further deteriorate the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, resulting in a decrease in fertilizer utilization rate, further affecting the growth speed in tobacco planting, and also affecting the appearance and quality after curing; Second, in tobacco curing, due to the lack of experience in controlling temperature and humidity, it further affects the appearance and quality after curing.

[0004] Therefore, researching a tobacco planting and curing technology for high-quality cigar wrapper is an urgent problem to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method for planting and curing cigar wrapper in a seedling shed, which can improve the growth speed in tobacco planting and also improve the appearance and quality after curing.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A method for planting and curing cigar wrapper in a seedling shed, comprising: seedling shed transformation, planting, management, harvesting, and curing; For the renovation of the seedling shed, the seedling-raising shed is renovated and divided into a planting seedling-raising shed and a drying seedling-raising shed. When the seedling-raising shed is renovated into a planting seedling-raising shed, a double-layer shading net, a ventilation device, a drip irrigation device, and a spraying device are installed in the seedling-raising shed to meet the requirements for environmental conditions and nutrient regulation in tobacco leaf planting; when the seedling-raising shed is renovated into a drying seedling-raising shed, a light-shielding layer, a heat and moisture preservation layer, a drying steel frame, and a ventilation and humidity control device are installed in the seedling-raising shed to meet the requirements for environmental conditions in wrapper leaf drying; In the renovation of the seedling shed, both layers of the double-layer shading net are white shading nets; The planting is carried out in the seedling-raising shed; For the planting in the seedling-raising shed, from April 27th to May 3rd, add cooked soil and seedling-raising substrate to the nutrient bags. Transplant 1 tobacco seedling into each seedling bag, place the seedling bags in the seedling-raising shed, control the row spacing during placement to be 110 - 120 cm, and place the seedling bags in each row closely. Before May 30th, use the double-layer shading net, control the light transmittance of the bottom layer to 65%, and the light transmittance of the surface layer to 80%. 30 days after transplantation, remove the surface shading net and only keep the bottom shading net, and install 80-mesh insect-proof nets around; In the planting in the seedling-raising shed, add 19 - 20 kg of cooked soil and 2.8 - 3 kg of seedling-raising substrate to each nutrient bag; The preparation method of the seedling-raising substrate is as follows: mix coconut shell powder, carbonized rice husk, vermiculite, and expanded perlite evenly and then crush to obtain a mixed substrate powder. Mix the mixed substrate powder evenly with diatomaceous earth, potassium citrate, and chitosan to obtain the seedling-raising substrate; In the preparation of the seedling-raising substrate, the mass ratio of coconut shell powder, carbonized rice husk, vermiculite, and expanded perlite is 24 - 27:18 - 20:17 - 20:20 - 23; The particle size of the mixed substrate powder is 20 - 50 mesh; The particle size of the diatomaceous earth is 3 μm; The mass ratio of the mixed substrate powder to diatomaceous earth, potassium citrate, and chitosan is 90 - 95:4 - 4.4:2 - 2.1:0.4 - 0.43; For the management, from May 26th to 30th, conduct the first topdressing, using ternary compound fertilizer for topdressing. From June 7th to 12th, conduct the second topdressing, using a mixed fertilizer for topdressing; In the management, the ternary compound fertilizer is a 15 - 5 - 30 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 10 - 11 kg / mu; The application amount of the mixed fertilizer is 12 - 12.5 kg / mu; In the management, during the rosette stage, keep the soil moisture at 70 - 73%, during the vigorous growth stage, keep the soil moisture at 77 - 79%, and during the maturity stage, keep the soil moisture at 65 - 68%; The preparation method of the compound fertilizer is as follows: diatomite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, chitosan, and magnesium sulfate are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed powder, and then the mixed powder is uniformly mixed with chitosan to obtain the compound fertilizer; In the preparation of the compound fertilizer, the particle size of the diatomite is 3 μm; The mass ratio of diatomite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, chitosan, and magnesium sulfate is 100-110:6-6.5:8-8.5:2.7-3:2.5-3:6.5-7:2.5-3; The mass ratio of the mixed powder to chitosan is 110-115:7-7.5; For the harvesting, from July 15th to 20th, start harvesting the lower leaves that meet the requirements for lower leaf harvesting. The requirements for lower leaf harvesting are that the leaf color is greenish-yellow, the main vein is slightly white, the leaf surface is smooth and shiny, and part of the pubescence has fallen off. Each time, 3-4 leaves are harvested, and the harvesting is carried out once every 7-8 days; from July 25th to 30th, start harvesting the middle leaves that meet the requirements for middle leaf harvesting. The requirements for middle leaf harvesting are that the leaf color is yellowish-green, the main vein is white and bright, the branch veins are light white, the leaf surface is shiny, the leaf tip and leaf margin are drooping, and the pubescence has basically fallen off, and the angle between the stem and leaves has increased. Each time, 3-4 leaves are harvested, and the harvesting is carried out once every 7-8 days; During the harvesting, the harvesting is carried out after the leaf surface has no dew in the morning every day. During the harvesting and transportation, avoid damaging the tobacco leaves to ensure the integrity of the tobacco leaves, and place the harvested cigar tobacco leaves separately in a cool and low-temperature place; For the curing, the harvested cigar tobacco leaves in different batches are separately put into the curing seedling shed for curing; During the curing, for the harvested lower leaves, during the curing, first hang the harvested lower leaves on the curing rack. Control the temperature during the withering period to be 25-28 °C and the humidity to be 95-98% to make the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves reach 50-60%; control the temperature during the yellowing period to be 28-30 °C and the humidity to be 90-95% to make the tobacco leaves turn from light yellow to dark yellow, and the tobacco leaves hook the tip and curl the edge; control the temperature during the browning period to be 31-34 °C and the humidity to be 85-90% to make the tobacco leaves turn brown; control the temperature during the color-fixing period to be 31-34 °C and the humidity to be 70-80% to make the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves dry to 80-85% and the main vein dry to 60-70%; control the temperature during the dry-curing period to be 31-34 °C and the humidity to be 60-70% to make the moisture content of the tobacco leaves be 10-15%; For the middle tobacco leaves harvested, during the curing process, first hang the harvested middle tobacco leaves on the curing rack. Control the temperature at 22 - 25°C and the humidity at 95 - 98% during the withering period, so that the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves reaches 50 - 60%; control the temperature at 25 - 28°C and the humidity at 90 - 95% during the yellowing period, so that the tobacco leaves turn from light yellow to dark yellow, and the tips of the tobacco leaves hook and the edges curl; control the temperature at 28 - 31°C and the humidity at 85 - 90% during the browning period, so that the tobacco leaves turn brown; control the temperature at 31 - 34°C and the humidity at 70 - 80% during the color-fixing period, so that the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves dries to 80 - 85% and the main veins dry to 60 - 70%; control the temperature at 31 - 34°C and the humidity at 60 - 70% during the stem-drying period, so that the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is 10 - 15%. During the above curing process, after the curing is completed, adjust the humidity of the tobacco leaves through ventilation, so that the tobacco leaves regain moisture to reach 19 - 21%. After regaining moisture, it is appropriate that the leaves can rebound slightly when gently pressed but do not break. Avoid excessive regaining of moisture to prevent mildew. During the above curing process, use the cured lower tobacco leaves and the cured middle tobacco leaves as cigar wrapper leaves.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) In the method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in the seedling-raising shed of the present invention, diatomaceous earth, potassium citrate, and chitosan are additionally added to the seedling-raising substrate in the planting stage. Among them, diatomaceous earth adsorbs potassium citrate and chitosan, which can play a role in chelating nutrients, and chitosan can also play an antibacterial role, thus avoiding the use of antibacterial agents; diatomaceous earth and chitosan are additionally added to the compound fertilizer used in the management stage. Chitosan is added after uniformly mixing diatomaceous earth, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, chitosan, and magnesium sulfate. Chitosan adsorbs on the outermost layer of diatomaceous earth, which not only plays a role in chelating nutrients and antibacterial, but also can promote the adsorption of the compound fertilizer to tobacco and the absorption of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, and calcium nitrate. (2) The method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in the seedling-raising shed of the present invention can improve the growth rate of tobacco. Seven days before the harvest of the lower tobacco leaves that meet the requirements for harvesting lower tobacco leaves, the plant height of the tobacco is 180.40 - 180.65 cm, the stem circumference is 84.57 - 86.19 cm, the number of leaves is 18.68 - 18.73, the leaf length is 61.75 - 62.23 cm, the leaf width is 32.66 - 33.12 cm, and the length-width ratio is 1.88 - 1.90. (3) The method for cultivating and air-curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling greenhouse of the present invention can improve the appearance after air-curing. The maturity score of the lower tobacco leaves after air-curing is 8.51 - 8.63, the oiliness score is 7.24 - 7.45, the texture score is 9.21 - 9.34, the color uniformity score is 7.75 - 7.82, the leaf surface tissue score is 8.21 - 8.47, the vein thickness score is 8.29 - 8.47, and the vein flatness score is 8.46 - 8.74; the maturity score of the middle tobacco leaves after air-curing is 8.49 - 8.54, the oiliness score is 9.42 - 9.54, the texture score is 9.48 - 9.53, the color uniformity score is 9.42 - 9.61, the leaf surface tissue score is 9.00 - 9.05, the vein thickness score is 7.36 - 7.51, and the vein flatness score is 8.22 - 8.27; (4) The method for cultivating and air-curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling greenhouse of the present invention can improve the quality after air-curing. The reducing sugar content of the lower tobacco leaves after air-curing is 0.61 - 0.63%, the chlorine content is 0.70 - 0.72%, the potassium content is 2.44 - 2.47%, and the nicotine content is 3.39 - 3.57%; the reducing sugar content of the middle tobacco leaves after air-curing is 0.63 - 0.65%, the chlorine content is 0.62 - 0.64%, the potassium content is 2.37 - 2.40%, and the nicotine content is 3.41 - 3.45%. Detailed implementation manners

[0008] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, the detailed implementation manners of the present invention are described below.

[0009] Example 1 A method for cultivating and air-curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling greenhouse includes: seedling greenhouse transformation, planting, management, harvesting, and air-curing; A method for cultivating and air-curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling greenhouse is specifically as follows: 1. Seedling greenhouse transformation: Transform the seedling greenhouse. The seedling greenhouse is respectively transformed into a planting seedling greenhouse and a drying seedling greenhouse. When transforming the seedling greenhouse into a planting seedling greenhouse, install a double-layer shading net, a ventilation device, a drip irrigation device, and a spraying device in the seedling greenhouse to meet the requirements for environmental conditions and nutrient regulation in tobacco leaf planting; when transforming the seedling greenhouse into a drying seedling greenhouse, install a light-shielding layer, a heat and moisture preservation layer, a curing steel frame, and a ventilation and humidity control device in the seedling greenhouse to meet the requirements for environmental conditions in cigar wrapper leaf air-curing; Both layers of the double-layer shading net are white shading nets; 2. Planting: The planting is carried out in a seedling greenhouse; For the seedling-raising shed cultivation, on April 27th, add mature soil and seedling-raising substrate into the nutrient bags. Transplant 1 tobacco seedling into each seedling bag, and place the seedling bags in the seedling-raising shed. Control the row spacing during placement to be 110 cm, and place the seedling bags in each row closely adjacent to each other. Before May 30th, within 30 days after transplantation, use a double-layer sunshade net. Control the light transmittance of the bottom layer to 65% and that of the top layer to 80%. After 30 days of transplantation, remove the top-layer sunshade net and only retain the bottom-layer sunshade net, and install 80-mesh insect-proof nets around; In the seedling-raising shed cultivation, add 19 kg of mature soil and 2.8 kg of seedling-raising substrate into each nutrient bag; The preparation method of the seedling-raising substrate is as follows: mix coconut shell powder, carbonized rice husk, vermiculite, and expanded perlite evenly and then crush to obtain a mixed substrate powder. Mix the mixed substrate powder with diatomaceous earth, potassium citrate, and chitosan evenly to obtain the seedling-raising substrate; In the preparation of the seedling-raising substrate, the mass ratio of coconut shell powder, carbonized rice husk, vermiculite, and expanded perlite is 24:18:17:20; The particle size of the mixed substrate powder is 20 mesh; The particle size of the diatomaceous earth is 3 μm; The mass ratio of the mixed substrate powder to diatomaceous earth, potassium citrate, and chitosan is 90:4:2:0.4; 3. Management: On May 26th, conduct the first topdressing, using ternary compound fertilizer for topdressing. On June 7th, conduct the second topdressing, using a mixed fertilizer; In the management, the ternary compound fertilizer is a 15-5-30 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 10 kg / mu; The application rate of the mixed fertilizer is 12 kg / mu; In the management, during the rosette stage, keep the soil moisture at 70%, during the vigorous growth stage, keep the soil moisture at 77%, and during the maturity stage, keep the soil moisture at 65%; The preparation method of the mixed fertilizer is as follows: mix diatomaceous earth, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, chitosan, and magnesium sulfate evenly to obtain a mixed powder. Mix the mixed powder with chitosan evenly to obtain the mixed fertilizer; In the preparation of the mixed fertilizer, the particle size of the diatomaceous earth is 3 μm; The mass ratio of diatomaceous earth, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, chitosan, and magnesium sulfate is 100:15:3:2.7; The mass ratio of the mixed powder to chitosan is 110:7; 4. Harvest: On July 15, start harvesting the lower leaves that meet the requirements for lower leaf harvesting. The requirements for lower leaf harvesting are that the leaf color is greenish-yellow, the main vein is slightly white, the leaf surface is smooth and shiny, and part of the pubescence has fallen off. Harvest 3 leaves each time and harvest once every 7 days. On July 25, start harvesting the middle leaves that meet the requirements for middle leaf harvesting. The requirements for middle leaf harvesting are that the leaf color is yellowish-green, the main vein is white and shiny, the branch veins are light white, the leaf surface is shiny, the leaf tip and leaf margin droop, and the pubescence has basically fallen off. The angle between the stem and leaves increases. Harvest 3 leaves each time and harvest once every 7 days. During harvesting, carry out harvesting after there is no dew on the leaf surface in the morning every day. Avoid damaging the tobacco leaves during harvesting and handling to ensure the integrity of the tobacco leaves, and place the harvested cigar tobacco leaves separately in a cool and low-temperature place. 5. Air-curing: Put the cigar tobacco leaves of different batches after harvesting into the sun-curing seedling shed for air-curing respectively. For the harvested lower leaves, during air-curing, first hang the harvested lower leaves on the air-curing rack. Control the temperature at 25°C and the humidity at 95% during the withering period to make the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves reach 50%. Control the temperature at 28°C and the humidity at 90% during the yellowing period to make the tobacco leaves turn from light yellow to dark yellow, and the tobacco leaves hook the tip and curl the edge. Control the temperature at 31°C and the humidity at 85% during the browning period to make the tobacco leaves turn brown. Control the temperature at 31°C and the humidity at 70% during the color-fixing period to make the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves dry to 80% and the main vein dry to 60%. Control the temperature at 31°C and the humidity at 60% during the stem-drying period to make the moisture content of the tobacco leaves 10%. For the harvested middle leaves, during air-curing, first hang the harvested middle leaves on the air-curing rack. Control the temperature at 22°C and the humidity at 95% during the withering period to make the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves reach 50%. Control the temperature at 25°C and the humidity at 90% during the yellowing period to make the tobacco leaves turn from light yellow to dark yellow, and the tobacco leaves hook the tip and curl the edge. Control the temperature at 28°C and the humidity at 85% during the browning period to make the tobacco leaves turn brown. Control the temperature at 31°C and the humidity at 70% during the color-fixing period to make the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves dry to 80% and the main vein dry to 60%. Control the temperature at 31°C and the humidity at 60% during the stem-drying period to make the moisture content of the tobacco leaves 10%. During the air-curing, after the air-curing is completed, adjust the humidity of the tobacco leaves through ventilation so that the tobacco leaves regain moisture to 19%. After regaining moisture, it is appropriate that the leaves can bounce back but not break when gently pressed. Avoid excessive regaining of moisture to prevent mildew. During the air-curing, use the air-cured lower leaves and air-cured middle leaves as the cigar wrapper.

[0010] Example 2 A method for growing and air-curing cigar wrapper in a seedling shed, including: seedling shed renovation, planting, management, harvesting, air-curing; specifically: 1. Seedling shed renovation: Renovate the seedling-raising shed, and convert the seedling-raising shed into a planting seedling-raising shed and a drying seedling-raising shed respectively. When converting the seedling-raising shed into a planting seedling-raising shed, install a double-layer shading net, a ventilation device, a drip irrigation device, and a spraying device in the seedling-raising shed to meet the requirements for environmental conditions and nutritional regulation in tobacco leaf planting; when converting the seedling-raising shed into a drying seedling-raising shed, install a light-shielding layer, a heat and moisture preservation layer, a drying steel frame, and a ventilation and humidity control device in the seedling-raising shed to meet the requirements for environmental conditions in wrapper leaf drying; In the above-mentioned seedling shed renovation, both layers of the double-layer shading net are white shading nets; 2. Planting: The above-mentioned planting is planting in the seedling-raising shed; For the above-mentioned planting in the seedling-raising shed, on May 3, add mature soil and seedling-raising substrate to the nutrient bags. Transplant 1 tobacco seedling into each nutrient bag, place the nutrient bags in the seedling-raising shed, and control the row spacing during placement to be 120 cm. Place the nutrient bags in each row closely. Before May 30, within 30 days after transplantation, use the double-layer shading net, control the light transmittance of the bottom layer to 65%, and control the light transmittance of the surface layer to 80%. After 30 days of transplantation, remove the surface shading net and only retain the bottom shading net, and install 80-mesh insect-proof nets around; In the above-mentioned planting in the seedling-raising shed, add 20 kg of mature soil and 3 kg of seedling-raising substrate to each nutrient bag; The preparation method of the above-mentioned seedling-raising substrate is to mix coconut shell powder, carbonized rice husk, vermiculite, and expanded perlite evenly and then crush them to obtain a mixed substrate powder, and mix the mixed substrate powder with diatomaceous earth, potassium citrate, and chitosan evenly to obtain the seedling-raising substrate; In the preparation of the above-mentioned seedling-raising substrate, the mass ratio of coconut shell powder, carbonized rice husk, vermiculite, and expanded perlite is 27:20:20:23; The particle size of the above-mentioned mixed substrate powder is 50 mesh; The particle size of the above-mentioned diatomaceous earth is 3 μm; The mass ratio of the mixed substrate powder to diatomaceous earth, potassium citrate, and chitosan is 95:4.4:2.1:0.43; 3. Management: On May 30, conduct the first topdressing, and use ternary compound fertilizer for topdressing. On June 12, conduct the second topdressing, and use mixed fertilizer for topdressing; In the above-mentioned management, the ternary compound fertilizer is a 15-5-30 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 11 kg / mu; The application rate of the above-mentioned mixed fertilizer is 12.5 kg / mu; In the above-mentioned management, during the rosette stage, keep the soil moisture at 73%, during the vigorous growth stage, keep the soil moisture at 79%, and during the mature stage, keep the soil moisture at 68%; The preparation method of the compound fertilizer is as follows: after mixing diatomite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, chitosan, and magnesium sulfate evenly, a mixed powder is obtained, and then the mixed powder is mixed evenly with chitosan to obtain the compound fertilizer; In the preparation of the compound fertilizer, the particle size of the diatomite is 3 μm; The mass ratio of diatomite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, chitosan, and magnesium sulfate is 110:16:3.4:3; The mass ratio of the mixed powder to chitosan is 115:7.5; 4. Harvesting: On July 20, start harvesting the lower tobacco leaves that meet the requirements for harvesting lower tobacco leaves. The requirements for harvesting lower tobacco leaves are that the leaf color is greenish-yellow, the main vein is slightly white, the leaf surface is smooth and shiny, and part of the hairs have fallen off. Harvest 4 leaves each time and harvest once every 8 days; On July 30, start harvesting the middle tobacco leaves that meet the requirements for harvesting middle tobacco leaves. The requirements for harvesting middle tobacco leaves are that the leaf color is yellowish-green, the main vein is white and shiny, the branch veins are light white, the leaf surface is shiny, the leaf tip and leaf margin are drooping, and the hairs have basically fallen off, and the angle between the stem and leaves has increased. Harvest 4 leaves each time and harvest once every 8 days; During the harvesting, harvest after the dew on the leaf surface disappears every morning, and avoid damaging the tobacco leaves during harvesting and handling to ensure the integrity of the tobacco leaves, and place the harvested cigar tobacco leaves separately in a cool and low-temperature place; 5. Curing: Put the harvested cigar tobacco leaves in different batches into the curing seedling shed for curing; During the curing, for the harvested lower tobacco leaves, first hang the harvested lower tobacco leaves on the curing rack. Control the temperature at 28 °C and the humidity at 98% during the withering period to make the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves reach 60%; control the temperature at 30 °C and the humidity at 95% during the yellowing period to make the tobacco leaves turn from light yellow to dark yellow, and the tobacco leaves hook the tip and curl the edge; control the temperature at 34 °C and the humidity at 90% during the browning period to make the tobacco leaves turn brown; control the temperature at 34 °C and the humidity at 80% during the color-fixing period to make the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves dry to 85% and the main vein dry to 70%; control the temperature at 34 °C and the humidity at 70% during the stem-drying period to make the moisture content of the tobacco leaves 15%; For the harvested middle tobacco leaves, first hang the harvested middle tobacco leaves on the curing rack during curing. Control the temperature at 25 °C and the humidity at 98% during the withering period to make the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves reach 60%; control the temperature at 28 °C and the humidity at 95% during the yellowing period to make the tobacco leaves turn from light yellow to dark yellow, and the tobacco leaves hook the tip and curl the edge; control the temperature at 31 °C and the humidity at 90% during the browning period to make the tobacco leaves turn brown; control the temperature at 34 °C and the humidity at 80% during the color-fixing period to make the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves dry to 85% and the main vein dry to 70%; control the temperature at 34 °C and the humidity at 70% during the stem-drying period to make the moisture content of the tobacco leaves 15%; During the curing process, after the curing is completed, the humidity of the tobacco leaves is adjusted through ventilation so that the moisture regain of the tobacco leaves reaches 21%. After moisture regain, it is appropriate that the leaves can rebound slightly when gently pressed but do not break. Excessive moisture regain should be avoided to prevent mildew. During the curing process, the cured lower tobacco leaves and the cured middle tobacco leaves are used as cigar wrapper leaves.

[0011] Comparative Example 1 Based on the method of growing cured wrapper leaves in the seedling-raising shed in Example 2, the following specific adjustments are made: In the preparation of the seedling-raising substrate in the second planting stage, the addition of diatomaceous earth, potassium citrate, and chitosan is omitted. In the third management stage, the preparation of the compound fertilizer is omitted, and a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, and calcium nitrate is used instead of the compound fertilizer. The application rate per mu is 2 kg. The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, and calcium nitrate in the mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, and calcium nitrate is 16:3.4:3.

[0012] Test Example 1 According to the methods of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 respectively, cured wrapper leaves are grown using the seedling-raising shed. Seven days before the harvest of the lower tobacco leaves that meet the requirements for lower tobacco leaf harvest, 50 tobacco plants are randomly selected respectively, and the plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width are measured, and the average values are calculated respectively, and the length-width ratio is calculated. The specific calculation results are as follows:

[0013] It can be seen from the results of Test Example 1 that the results of plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and length-width ratio in Comparative Example 1 are worse than those in Example 2.

[0014] Test Example 2 According to the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 respectively, cured wrapper leaves are grown using the seedling-raising shed. 100 cured lower tobacco leaves and 100 cured middle tobacco leaves are randomly selected respectively, and the maturity, oil content, identity, color uniformity, leaf surface texture, vein thickness, and vein flatness are scored according to the following standards. The specific standards are as follows:

[0015] The average values of the scoring results are calculated respectively. The specific calculation results are as follows:

[0016] It can be seen from the results of Test Example 2 that the scoring results of maturity, oil content, identity, color uniformity, leaf surface texture, vein thickness, and vein flatness in Comparative Example 1 are worse than those in Example 2.

[0017] Test Example 3 According to the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 respectively, curing tobacco leaves were planted and cured in a seedling shed. 100 cured lower tobacco leaves and 100 cured middle tobacco leaves were randomly selected, and the total sugar content, reducing sugar content, chlorine content, potassium content, and nicotine content were tested. The average values were calculated for the test results respectively, and the calculation results are as follows:

[0018] It can be seen from the results of Test Example 2 that the results of the total sugar content, reducing sugar content, chlorine content, potassium content, and nicotine content in Comparative Example 1 are worse than those in Example 2.

[0019] Unless otherwise specified, the percentages used in the present invention are all mass percentages.

[0020] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper in a seedling greenhouse, characterized in that, Including: Seedling shed renovation, planting, management, harvesting, and curing; For the seedling shed renovation, the seedling-raising shed is renovated. The seedling-raising shed is respectively renovated into a planting seedling-raising shed and a drying seedling-raising shed. When renovating the seedling-raising shed into a planting seedling-raising shed, a double-layer shading net, a ventilation device, a drip irrigation device, and a spraying device are installed in the seedling-raising shed; when renovating the seedling-raising shed into a drying seedling-raising shed, a light-shielding layer, a heat and moisture preservation layer, a curing steel frame, and a ventilation and humidity control device are installed in the seedling-raising shed; In the seedling shed renovation, both layers of the double-layer shading net are white shading nets.

2. The method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling shed according to claim 1, wherein The planting is carried out in the seedling-raising shed; For the planting in the seedling-raising shed, from April 27th to May 3rd, add cooked soil and a seedling-raising substrate to the nutrient bags; from May 15th to May 18th, transplant 1 tobacco seedling into each seedling bag, place the seedling bags in the seedling-raising shed, control the row spacing during placement to be 110 - 120 cm, and place the seedling bags in each row closely; within 30 days after transplantation, use the double-layer shading net, control the light transmittance of the bottom layer to 65%, and the light transmittance of the surface layer to 80%; 30 days after transplantation, remove the surface shading net, only retain the bottom shading net, and install 80-mesh insect-proof nets around.

3. The method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling shed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the planting in the seedling-raising shed, add 19 - 20 kg of cooked soil and 2.8 - 3 kg of seedling-raising substrate to each nutrient bag; The preparation method of the seedling-raising substrate is to mix coconut shell powder, carbonized rice husk, vermiculite, and expanded perlite evenly and then crush to obtain a mixed substrate powder, and mix the mixed substrate powder with diatomite, potassium citrate, and chitosan evenly to obtain the seedling-raising substrate.

4. The method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling shed according to claim 3, wherein, In the planting in the seedling-raising shed, in the preparation of the seedling-raising substrate, the mass ratio of coconut shell powder, carbonized rice husk, vermiculite, and expanded perlite is 24 - 27:18 - 20:17 - 20:20 - 23; The particle size of the mixed substrate powder is 20 - 50 mesh; The particle size of the diatomite is 3 μm; The mass ratio of the mixed substrate powder to diatomite, potassium citrate, and chitosan is 90 - 95:4 - 4.4:2 - 2.1:0.4 - 0.

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5. The method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling shed according to claim 1, characterized in that, For the management, from May 26th to 30th, conduct the first topdressing, using a ternary compound fertilizer for topdressing; from June 7th to 12th, conduct the second topdressing, using a mixed fertilizer; In the management, the ternary compound fertilizer is a 15 - 5 - 30 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 10 - 11 kg / mu; The application amount of the mixed fertilizer is 12 - 12.5 kg / mu.

6. The method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling shed according to claim 5, wherein, In the management, during the rosette stage, keep the soil moisture at 70 - 73%, during the vigorous growth stage, keep the soil moisture at 77 - 79%, and during the mature stage, keep the soil moisture at 65 - 68%; The preparation method of the mixed fertilizer is to mix diatomite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, chitosan, and magnesium sulfate evenly to obtain a mixed powder, and mix the mixed powder with chitosan evenly to obtain the mixed fertilizer; In the preparation of the mixed fertilizer, the particle size of the diatomite is 3 μm; The mass ratio of diatomite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea, chitosan, and magnesium sulfate is 100 - 110:6 - 6.5:8 - 8.5:2.7 - 3:2.5 - 3:6.5 - 7:2.5 - 3; The mass ratio of the mixed powder to chitosan is 110 - 115:7 - 7.

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7. The method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling shed according to claim 1, wherein For the harvesting, from July 15th to 20th, start harvesting the lower tobacco leaves that meet the requirements for lower tobacco leaf harvesting. The requirements for lower tobacco leaf harvesting are that the leaf color is greenish-yellow, the main vein is slightly white, the leaf surface is smooth and shiny, and part of the pubescence has fallen off. Harvest 3 - 4 leaves each time, and harvest once every 7 - 8 days; from July 25th to 30th, start harvesting the middle tobacco leaves that meet the requirements for middle tobacco leaf harvesting. The requirements for middle tobacco leaf harvesting are that the leaf color is yellowish-green, the main vein is white and shiny, the branch veins are light white, the leaf surface is shiny, the leaf tip and leaf margin droop, and the pubescence has basically fallen off, and the angle between the stem and leaves increases. Harvest 3 - 4 leaves each time, and harvest once every 7 - 8 days.

8. The method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling shed according to claim 7, characterized in that, During the harvesting, carry out the harvesting after there is no dew on the leaf surface in the early morning every day. Avoid damaging the tobacco leaves during harvesting and transportation to ensure the integrity of the tobacco leaves, and place the harvested cigar tobacco leaves separately in a cool and low-temperature place.

9. The method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling shed according to claim 1, wherein, For the curing, put the cigar tobacco leaves of different batches after harvesting into the curing and seedling-raising shed for curing respectively; During the curing, for the harvested lower tobacco leaves, first hang the harvested lower tobacco leaves on the curing rack. Control the temperature at 25 - 28°C and the humidity at 95 - 98% during the withering period to make the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves reach 50 - 60%; control the temperature at 28 - 30°C and the humidity at 90 - 95% during the yellowing period to make the tobacco leaves turn from light yellow to dark yellow, and the tobacco leaves hook the tip and curl the edge; control the temperature at 31 - 34°C and the humidity at 85 - 90% during the browning period to make the tobacco leaves turn brown; control the temperature at 31 - 34°C and the humidity at 70 - 80% during the color-fixing period to make the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves dry to 80 - 85% and the main vein dry to 60 - 70%; control the temperature at 31 - 34°C and the humidity at 60 - 70% during the dry-vein period to make the moisture content of the tobacco leaves reach 10 - 15%. For the harvested middle tobacco leaves, first hang the harvested middle tobacco leaves on the curing rack. Control the temperature at 22 - 25°C and the humidity at 95 - 98% during the withering period to make the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves reach 50 - 60%; control the temperature at 25 - 28°C and the humidity at 90 - 95% during the yellowing period to make the tobacco leaves turn from light yellow to dark yellow, and the tobacco leaves hook the tip and curl the edge; control the temperature at 28 - 31°C and the humidity at 85 - 90% during the browning period to make the tobacco leaves turn brown; control the temperature at 31 - 34°C and the humidity at 70 - 80% during the color-fixing period to make the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves dry to 80 - 85% and the main vein dry to 60 - 70%; control the temperature at 31 - 34°C and the humidity at 60 - 70% during the dry-vein period to make the moisture content of the tobacco leaves reach 10 - 15%.

10. The method for cultivating and curing cigar wrapper leaves in a seedling shed according to claim 1, wherein, During the curing, after the curing is completed, adjust the humidity of the tobacco leaves through ventilation to make the moisture regain of the tobacco leaves reach 19 - 21%.

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