205 results about "Cultivation of tobacco" patented technology

The invention discloses a special basal fertilizer used in ecological tobacco leaf plantation. The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The special basal fertilizer used in ecological tobacco leaf plantation comprises components of, by weight: 19 to 23% of fermented cake fertilizer, 43 to 47% of biogas residue, 17 to 21% of common calcium superphosphate, 2.3 to 2.7% ofpotassium nitrate, 0.27 to 0.32% of borax, 0.8 to 0.9% of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 9.5 to 9.9% of potassium sulfate, 0.05 to 0.15% of potassium humate, and 0.64 to 0.68% of mixed microbial manure. The basal fertilizer is prepared through steps that: (1) cake fertilizer and biogas residue are dried and crushed, such that a basic mixture is obtained; (2) the mixed microbial manure is added; and (3) common calcium superphosphate, potassium nitrate, borax, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium humate are added. With the basal fertilizer provided by the invention, soil micro ecological environment can be repaired or protected, tobacco plant disease resistance can be improved, quality of fire-cured tobacco can be improved, and ecological tobacco production can be continuously and healthily developed.

The invention discloses a quick nondestructive test method for the harvest maturity of flue-cured tobaccos. The method comprises the following steps of: randomly selecting 10-20 plants of tobaccos from tobacco fields with consistent transplantation time and cultivation and management measures before mature tobaccos are normally harvested, and respectively measuring the L*a*b* color value of the L*C*h* color value of 1-3 piece(s) of tobaccos in the middle (from bottom to top) by a portable color difference meter. The harvest maturity of the tobaccos can be quantified according to the change range of the color values of the tobaccos with different maturity degrees. After the quick nondestructive test method disclosed by the invention is used, the difficulty that the mature harvest process of the flue-cured tobaccos is free from specific indexes and quantitative indexes can be solved. The method is clear in index and objective in judgment index, the maturity index can be quantized, and the method is easy to operate and grasp. After the method is used for determining the harvest maturity of the tobaccos, the tobaccos are uniform and accordant in color, good in chroma, high in oil content and enough in aroma after being harvested and flue-cured. The method is applied to tobacco planting and processing enterprises.

The invention discloses a tobacco stalk biochar soil conditioner capable of reducing the content of heavy metals in tobacco, improving the tobacco quality and improving the soil environment, as well as an improvement method for tobacco field soil. The tobacco stalk biochar soil conditioner is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of tobacco stalk biochar and 40-60 g of a passivant. The tobacco stalk biochar soil conditioner is easy to obtain raw materials, simple in preparation method and low in cost, can effectively reduce the content of heavy metals in tobacco, and can improve the quality of tobacco field soil; a large number of waste tobacco stalks generated in tobacco growing areas are adopted as the raw material, the resource recycling of waste materials is realized, the sustainable development of the tobacco industry is facilitated, and the tobacco stalk biochar soil conditioner is suitable for large-scale popularization and application in the field of tobacco growing.

The invention applies to the tobacco crop growth, which can improve the soil structure and provide adequate moisture, oxygen and nutrition to improve the yield and quality in tobacco crop cultivation. The invention relates to a fertilizer containing microorganisms, organic matters and inorganic matters. The fertilizer adopts biological technology and electrolysis technology which complement each other, takes micro-organisms and mineralized substances as additive, as well as combines with nutritional formula (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, calcium, silicon, boron, zinc, iron, molybdenum, bacterial protein, amino acid, humus, plant nucleic acid, B vitamins, active enzymes and unknown factors which promote crop growth), so as to provide adequate nutrition for crops and improve soil to make the soil conducive to the cultivation of tobacco crops. Through biotechnology, the micro-organisms in a dormant state are added to the fertilizer and are activated under favorable environmental conditions to decompose the animal and plant residues, pesticides, fertilizers, heavy metal residues and minerals in the soil so as to change the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Through electrolysis technology, the mineralized substance additive enables the soil to produce a chain reaction to moisture and oxygen supply, so as to gradually change the ion charge in the soil, increase the soil oxygen supply amount, improve the moisture infiltration capacity and strengthen the conditions for microbial activities.

The invention discloses a tobacco half-film-covering cultivation method. According to the method, a mulching film is covered on the top of a ridge, and then planting holes for cultivation of tobacco seedlings are punched on the edges of the mulching film on the shoulder part of the ridge. The tobacco half-film-covering cultivation method has the advantages that tobacco is planted in a one ridge and double-line mode, and therefore transplanting between a wide line and a narrow line is achieved, ventilation and photopermeability of the tobacco at later stage are benefited, and tobacco leaf quality is improved; in the later stage growing process of the tobacco, the root system is located in the film and outside the film at the same time, and therefore characteristics of moisture preservation in the droughty situation and drainage in the rain-waterlogging situation are combined, and normal growing of the tobacco is benefited; the edges of the mulching film are connected with base fertilizer, the root system of the tobacco is close to and in contact with the mulching film and the base fertilizer, and therefore rain water can flow to the periphery of the root system easily along the film to dissolve the fertilizer and moisten the root system of the tobacco, the utilizing rate of the fertilizer is improved, and root system development and tobacco growing are promoted; and as the edges of the mulching film is adjacent to the basal part of the stem of the tobacco, when people stand on the ridge to uncover the film, the completeness of the mulching film is guaranteed, recycling efficiency of the mulching film is improved, and white pollution is effectively reduced.

The invention discloses a nondestructive testing method for the maturity level of organic flue-cured tobacco leaves at the late growth stage, which comprises the following steps: before organic tobacco leaves are mature and harvested, randomly selecting 20 strains of tobaccos from tobacco fields in which the transplanting periods and cultivation and management measures are consistent; respectively determining the SPAD average value of 1-6 leaves by using a chlorophyll meter, wherein the larger the SPAD average value is, the poor the maturity level is; when the average value is greater than 32, determining that the tobacco leaves are under-mature or immature; when the average value is 27-32, determining that the tobacco leaves are passably mature; when the average value is 20-27, determining that the tobacco leaves are mature or rightly mature; when the average value is 14-20, determining that the tobacco leaves are completely mature; and when the average value is less than 14, determining that the tobacco leaves are over-mature. The method disclosed by the invention is clear in indexes, has objective judgment indexes, and can quantify the maturity level, and therefore, the loss caused by visual errors is reduced, and the method is easy to operate and master. When the flue-cured tobacco planting is guided by using the method, the tobacco leaves are uniform in color and good in color scale, and the integrated quality of the tobacco leaves is improved. The method is applicable to the tobacco planting.

The invention discloses a method for overcoming soil successive cropping obstacles by using smooth vetch and wheat interplanting flue-cured tobacco. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dividing a land for growing field crops into wide rows and narrow rows; (2) sowing the smooth vetches in the wide rows in August of the first year, and sowing wheat in the narrow rows in November of the first year; (3) mowing the smooth vetches in March of the second year, evenly spreading among wheat rowledges after the smooth vetches are shredded, and then, turning and pressing the smooth vetches spread on the earth surface into a farming layer; (4) furrowing a tobacco planting ridge between every two wheat rowledges in April to May of the second year to transplant the tobacco; (5) after the wheat is harvested in August of the second year, sowing the smooth vetches again among tobacco rows, and alternately planting. According to the method, the smooth vetches are planted, turned and pressed to improve the fertility and the physicochemical property of the soil, improve the microenvironment of the tobacco soil, and bring convenience for beneficial microorganisms in the soil to grow and inhibit the infringement of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, the tobacco successive cropping obstacles can be controlled, and the disease resistance and the stress resistance of tobacco plants can be enhanced.

The invention relates to a tobacco loose leaf curing method including four phases, namely yellowing early intermediate phase, yellowing later intermediate phase, color fixing phase and stem drying phase. Yellowing by slow curing is performed under low temperature and mid-high humidity in the yellowing early intermediate phase (smaller than 40.0 DEG C); yellowing by slow heating is performed under mid-low humidity in the yellowing later intermediate phase (40.0-42.0 DEG C), and the yellowing time is prolonged properly; color fixing by slow heating is performed under mid-low humidity in the color fixing phase (42.1-55.0 DEG C); fast stem drying is performed under mid-high humidity in the stem drying phase (55.1-70.0 DEG C). The method is applicable to tobacco which matures normally and which matures under drought conditions and also applicable to curing barns with low tobacco loading capacity, low tobacco loading density and poor moisture retention. The method has the advantages that the ratio of green miscellaneous tobacco can be reduced, the grade structure of cured tobacco can be improved, oil content of the tobacco is increased, flavor quality of the tobacco is improved, and the method is applicable to tobacco growing and manufacturing enterprises.

The invention discloses a tobacco main pest and disease damage prediction method based on big data. The method comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out pest and disease damage data acquisition;s2, analyzing pest and disease damage data; s3, modeling and optimizing a prediction model; s4, carrying out pest and disease damage prediction and verification. According to the method, data acquisition and prediction factor extraction are carried out on multiple influence factors of diseases and insect pests of tobacco leaves based on big data acquisition, prediction of the diseases and insectpests of the tobacco leaves is carried out by utilizing an LSTM neural network through building a model, a prevention and control direction is provided for growers, and losses caused by the diseases and insect pests to tobacco planting are reduced; meanwhile, the prediction model is subjected to accuracy calculation according to the collected actual value and prediction value, the prediction modelcan be evaluated, and data support is provided for optimization of the prediction model.

The present invention provides a method for planting tobaccos. The method includes the steps of planting rapes in a tobacco field, when the rapes enter into a green ripe stage, turning over rape stalks and rapeseeds integrally, and transplanting cultivated tobacco seedlings in a green manured field. The organic oil content of rapes is high, the most nutrient and organic matters that the rapes contain can be achieved in the green ripe stage, and base fertilizers obtained by turning over the rapes can evenly supply adequate nutrients for the growth of the tobaccos for a long term, so that chemical fertilizers can be greatly decreased in the process of planting tobaccos, the soil properties can be improved, and the soil environmental destruction and nutrient imbalance of tobaccos caused by single cropping of tobaccos can be avoided. The method also can improve the yield of tobacco leaves, greatly improve the aroma substance content of tobacco leaves, and improve the quality of tobacco leaves. According to the method, the yellowing speed of tobacco leaves and the single leaf mass can be increased, the proportion of superior and medium leaves, and the aroma substance content of tobacco leaves, the per mu yield, and the per mu value can be increased.

The invention relates to tobacco plant growth promoting bacteria YC8 and an application thereof. The tobacco plant growth promoting bacteria is tobacco plant growth promoting bacteria YC8 and is classified and named as bacillus megaterium which is collected in General Microorganism Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms with the collection number CGMCC NO.9895 on 31st October, 2014. The tobacco plant growth promoting bacteria YC8 and the application have the advantages that the problem that difficultly-soluble potassium-containing silicate is converted into soluble potassium salt can be effectively solved, organophosphorus can be degraded, the utilization rate of fertilizers can be increased, the tobacco plant growth promoting bacteria YC8 can be effectively used for planting tobaccos, the growth of tobacco can be promoted, the yield can be increased, and the tobacco plant growth promoting bacteria YC8 is an important innovation on microorganisms and tobacco planting.

The invention relates to a rice and tobacco alternate planting method, and belongs to the technical field of planting. The method comprises the steps of 1, rice planting, wherein seed selection, seedling raising, seedling transplanting and transplanted field management are performed, and harvesting is performed after rice is mature; 2, rice field management, wherein after rice is harvested, all harvested straw is subjected to mulching treatment; 3, tobacco planting, wherein after fertilization, tobacco is transplanted and planted; 4, tobacco management, wherein weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization are performed; 5, tobacco harvesting, wherein tobacco is harvested after being mature. According to the method, chemical fertilizer consumption in the tobacco planting process is greatly lowered, the soil properties are improved, the tobacco leaf yield is increased, the content of aroma substances in tobacco leaves is greatly increased, and the tobacco leaf quality is improved. Interplanting is performed on tobacco and soybeans or wheat, planting space and resources are sufficiently utilized to the maximum extent, element loss is avoided, it is ensured that elements arerecycled, circulation and balance of an ecological system are ensured, and environmental protection is facilitated.

The invention discloses a method for identifying the resistance of tobacco to root rot caused by Fusarium tabacinum. The method comprises 1, culture of Fusarium tabacinum, 2, preparation of a Fusariumtabacinum liquid, 3, cultivation of tobacco seedlings, 4, pre-treatment on the tobacco seedlings, 5, inoculation with the Fusarium tabacinum, and 6, investigation to detect the resistance of the specie to the root rot caused by Fusarium tabacinum according to the disease conditions. The identification method can directly identify tobacco seedlings. Compared with the method for inoculation of a pot or a field with bacteria, the method is free of a complex process for pot culture after transplant, reduces work load, utilizes floating plate vaccination to inoculate with hundreds or thousands ofplants, enlarges the inoculation amount, greatly reduces identification time through direct inoculation in the seedling period, breaks the season limitation of the resistance of tobacco to root rot caused by Fusarium tabacinum and realizes identification in any seasons.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting and discloses a cigar wrapper tobacco leaf and cigar filler tobacco leaf co-plant production type cigar tobacco cultivation method. Themethod includes steps: preparing cigar tobacco variety seeds; cultivating in a natural light environment in illumination intensity of 70%, transplanting tobacco plants, and fertilizing, wherein the fertilizing amount is in a range of fertilizing amount required in cigar wrapper tobacco culture and fertilizing amount required in cigar filler tobacco culture; after transplanting, harvesting bottomcigar wrapper tobacco leaves when the dark green color of the bottom leaves fades, sequentially picking the cigar wrapper tobacco leaves from bottom to top, and avoiding topping after a squaring stageof cigarette plants; topping the plants after picking of the cigar wrapper tobacco leaves is finished to increase the environmental illumination intensity to 100% natural light, and starting to harvest tobacco leaves when upper cigar wrapper tobacco leaves turn white. By adoption of the cigar tobacco cultivation method, the produced cigar wrapper tobacco leaves are complete and fine and smooth intexture, and cigars with produced cigar filler tobacco leaves are prominent in style and characteristic in smoking tests.

The invention belongs to the field of tobacco planting equipment, in particular to a traction type mulch laying device for tobacco planting. The laying device includes a frame-shaped frame, one end of the frame-shaped frame is fixedly provided with a traction plate for hooking the traction equipment, and the bottom of the other end is provided with a walking wheel, and the bottom of the frame-shaped frame near the traction plate is provided with two plastic film installations. The two ends of the mulch installation screw rod pass through the mulch installation frame and are fixed by nuts, and the bottom of the frame frame between the mulch installation frame and the walking wheel is provided with a mulch film tensioning mechanism. The invention has simple structure and ingenious design, can quickly and effectively lay mulch film and open corresponding holes on both sides of the mulch film while laying the mulch film, so as to promote air convection and improve the tobacco growing environment.

Provided is a compound cultivation method for tobaccos and stropharia rugoso-annulata. The method comprises the following steps: selection of plantation land, preparation of raw material, sowing, management of hairy fungus, harvesting, and returning fungi residues to the soil. The compound cultivation method for tobaccos and stropharia rugoso-annulata has following beneficial effects: at the proper time for tobacco growth, stropharia rugoso-annulata is cultivated in a compound manner so that the microbial community environment of continuous cropping soil for tobaccos is improved; the nutrient level of soil is improved; meanwhile, a new approach is provided for increase generation for tobacco farmers; compared with sole cropping of tobaccos, the technique (crop rotation and relay intercropping) for tobaccos and stropharia rugoso-annulata helps increase yield and quality of tobaccos and makes soil more fertile; furthermore, income of tobacco farmers is increased; in addition, straw obtained after harvest of upper-season tobaccos can be used as cultivation material for stropharia rugoso-annulata; mushroom residues subjected to fruiting can be ploughed into soil and used as base fertilizers for tobaccos; and favorable conditions are created for improving the rural environment and achieving cyclic and sustainable development.

The invention relates to a method for quick nondestructive detection on maturity of organic flue-cured tobacco leaves. The method is characterized in that 10-20 tobaccos are randomly selected from tobacco fields with consistent transplanting time and cultivation management measures, the color values (L*a*b* or/and L*C*h*) of 1-3 tobacco leaves in the middle (from bottom to top) are measured by a portable color difference meter, and the maturity of the organic flue-cured tobacco leaves is determined according to the color values. The method solves the difficult problem that specific indexes and specific determination methods are not given all the time during the harvesting process of the mature organic flue-cured tobacco leaves; the method is clear in index, has the objective judgment index, can quantify the maturity index and reduce visual errors, and is easy to operate and grasp; the method is used for judging the maturity of the organic flue-cured tobacco leaves, and can ensure that the harvested and flue-cured tobacco leaves are uniform in color, improved in quality, good in chromaticity and sufficient in aroma; and the method is suitable for tobacco planting and processing industries.

The invention relates to a planting method for intercropping of flue-cured tobacco and quinoa, belonging to the technical field of quinoa planting. The planting method comprises the following steps: planting land preparation, flue-cured tobacco planting management, quinoa seedling culturing, intercropping of the quinoa and the flue-cured tobacco, and field management for the quinoa after intercropping. According to the invention, tobacco planting, quinoa planting and soil protection are organically combined, and spare time and space of a tobacco area in autumn and winter are fully utilized forinterplanting the quinoa, so the utilization efficiency of land resources is effectively improved; the influence on soil hardening due to heavy fertilization during planting of preceding flue-cured tobacco is lightened; ecological pressure is retarded; ecological protection, soil improvement and economic development are simultaneously achieved; research and application demonstration sites for various planting techniques are established for ecological protection and sustainable development of the tobacco area and a poverty-stricken mountainous area; a theoretical basis is provided for the research on adjusting and controlling technologies for continuous cropping of tobacco, provides a scientific basis for realizing sustainable production of tobacco leaves, and has important practical significance on promoting modern tobacco production.

The invention discloses a biological organic compound fertilizer for cultivation of tobacco, and a preparation method of the biological organic compound fertilizer. The biological organic compound fertilizer is prepared by the steps of mixing organic raw material, activated biological bacteria liquid and chemical fertilizer according to the weight ratio and then processing, wherein the contents of the components are as follows: 22% of organic raw material, 0.5% of activated biological bacteria liquid and 77.5% of chemical fertilizer; and the preparation method comprises the steps of: mixing and stirring the raw materials; adding the activated bacteria liquid; conveying into a flow barrel through a conveyer system and preparing powder; then carrying out geothermal drying, screening, finished product metering, checking and finally packaging to obtain the biological organic compound fertilizer. The tobacco compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the activated biological bacteria liquid, the organic raw material and the chemical fertilizer; since the activated biological bacteria liquid has the characteristics of high effect of fully nitrogen fixation, phosphate decomposition and potassium decomposition and good compatibility with the chemical fertilizer, the effects of nutrient transformation and soil loosening and soil fertility improvement are achieved.

A method of controlling aphids by intercropping vegetables among tobacco plants to breed Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead is characterized in that during transplanting of tobacco seedlings, 20 to 40 aphid-friendly cruciferous vegetable seedlings are intercropped per mu among tobacco plants on a tobacco field; before the tobacco plants show aphid damage, parasitic aphids cultivated in an aphid culture room are inoculated to the cruciferous vegetable seedlings intercropped on the tobacco field. According to the method, aphids and wasps are naturally bred on the vegetable plants intercropped on the tobacco field, the Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead on the tobacco field can be aided in proliferating continuously in a long term to control aphid damage in tobacco, application of chemical pesticides in the tobacco planting process is greatly reduced, and tobacco safety is improved. The method has the advantages that tobacco aphids can be controlled effectively for a long term, the required scale of wasp cultivation is small, the cost is low, the Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead obtained has high resistance, aphids on the tobacco plants on the tobacco field can be controlled efficiently, manual collection and release of the Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead is not required, the process is simple, and labor consumption is lower.

The invention relates to tobacco growth-promoting rhizobacteria YC5 and an application thereof. The tobacco growth-promoting rhizobacteria are the tobacco growth-promoting rhizobacteria YC5, and are classified to be named as Bacillus simplex; and the tobacco growth-promoting rhizobacteria YC5 are collected in the General Microbiological Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms on October 31, 2014, and a collection number of the tobacco growth-promoting rhizobacteria YC5 is CGMCC No.9893. By adopting the tobacco growth-promoting rhizobacteria YC5 disclosed by the invention, the problem of converting difficultly-soluble potassium-containing silicate into soluble potassium salt can be effectively solved, organic phosphorus can be degraded, and the utilization rate of fertilizers can be improved; and the tobacco growth-promoting rhizobacteria YC5 can be effectively applied to the cultivation of tobaccos, can be used for promoting the growth of the tobaccos and improving the yield, and is a great innovation of microorganism and tobacco planting.

The invention discloses a tobacco NbFER gene and coded tobacco NbFER functional protein thereof. A tobacco pTRV2-LIC-FERs gene silencing vector is constructed, the vector takes pTRV2-LIC as a skeleton, a segment about 500bp in length is designed in the middle of the NbFER gene and connected into a pTRV2-LIC virus vector, and Ben's tobacco is converted through agrobacterium injection to obtain tobacco with the tobacco NbFER gene silent. Experimental comparison finds that the tobacco NbFER gene can positively adjust the size of tobacco leaves and has an adjusting effect on alcohol, ester and benzene substance, related to aroma, in tobacco, and shows that the NbFER gene has an extremely importance regulating effect in the aspects of tobacco yield and aroma component synthesis.