Sugarcane full-seedling tillering-control high-yield and high-sugar planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield and high-sugar planting method capable of controlling tillering of full seedlings of sugarcane. The method at least comprises the following steps of seed stem preparation and cutting, full seedling cultivation, tillering amount control, seedling hardening and strengthening and quantitative transplanting. By means of the method, the input amount of seed stems can be reduced, the uniformity of sugarcane seedlings can be improved, quantitative density planting is achieved, pond missing and ridge breaking caused by uneven seedling emergence are avoided, carried protozoon sources are reduced, field pesticide input is reduced, the long field growth earlier stage of sugarcane is omitted, the growth duration of sugarcane is prolonged, and the sugar content of the sugarcane is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence and tiller control. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is an important sugar crop and an important source of food sugar and green energy. Sugarcane planting uses raw material cane with bud-bearing seed stems as vegetative bodies for asexual reproduction, which is divided into manual planting and mechanized planting. Manual planting is to cut sugarcane seed stems manually, mainly using two-bud seed stems, and there are also methods using multi-bud seed stems or whole root seed stems for planting. Mechanized planting mainly adopts the method of putting two-bud or multi-bud seed stems into the planting furrow. Due to fierce competition for land among crops, sugarcane planting is currently mainly concentrated in mountainous areas and dry slopes. In winter and spring, there is drought, and the emergence rate and yield of sugarcane planting have been severely affected. After the large-scale promotion of the full-film covering planting technology, the emergence rate and yield have been improved to a certain extent, but the input of raw material cane seed stems has not been reduced, and there is still a lack of technology to improve the emergence rate and emergence uniformity.

[0003] So far, whether it is manual planting, mechanized planting, or the improved full-film covering planting technology, they all have the following deficiencies: ① The input of raw material cane is large. At least 1000 - 1200 kg of seed stems are required per mu, and the input cost is too high. Calculated according to the average yield of 5 tons per mu, the input seed stems account for about 1 / 5. With a large input of seed stems and high production costs, and the purchase price per ton calculated at 450 yuan, after removing the costs of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, transportation, and labor, the remaining profit is less than 1000 yuan per mu; ② The emergence rate of sugarcane planted in dry land is low and the emergence is not uniform. The amount of seedlings in the field cannot be controlled. Uneven emergence leads to serious gaps and ridges in newly planted sugarcane, affecting the continuous high yield of ratoon cane, which directly or indirectly makes it impossible to reduce the input of sugarcane seed stems; ③ The growth period from sugarcane emergence to the late tillering stage is too long, and a large number of ineffective tillers are produced, reducing the nutrient utilization efficiency in the early growth stage of sugarcane; ④ Planting sugarcane with multi-bud seed stems makes the seed stems easy to carry diseases and pests, and it is not conducive to eliminating the carried insect sources and pathogens. Therefore, after sugarcane planting, the diseases and pests are relatively serious, increasing the cost of disease and pest control, and not conducive to the green and sustainable production of sugarcane; ⑤ Due to the large amount of seed stems input in sugarcane planting, a relatively high transportation cost is generated; ⑥ During transportation, the buds of the seed stems are damaged, reducing the bud vitality, and the emergence rate and emergence uniformity cannot be guaranteed after planting; ⑦ Due to the relatively late planting period, the growth duration of spring-planted sugarcane is insufficient, resulting in low yields. The above unfavorable factors have hindered the reduction of sugarcane planting costs and the green and sustainable development of the sugarcane industry.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sugarcane planting method that can improve the emergence rate and uniformity while reducing the input of raw material cane, reducing ineffective tillers, and increasing the yield and sugar content. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, such as large input of raw sugarcane seed stems, low emergence rate, uneven emergence, nutrient competition by ineffective tillers, too long growth period in the early stage, easy carrying of diseases and pests, high transportation cost of seed stems, and bud damage during transportation, the present invention provides a planting method for sugarcane with uniform emergence, tiller control, high yield and high sugar content for the reform of sugarcane planting technology and the transformation and upgrading of the industry.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: A planting method for sugarcane with uniform emergence, tiller control, high yield and high sugar content, comprising the following steps: (1) Cut the bud joints of sugarcane seed stems into lengths of 3.5 - 4.5 cm. After soaking and disinfecting, place them in trays, cover with a film for cultivation, and uncover the film after the emergence is neat. (2) When the fourth true leaf of the sugarcane seedlings is fully unfolded, cut the leaves until the heart leaf has no funnel shape and it is not conducive to the entry of liquid medicine into the heart leaf. Wait for the cut to heal and shrink (within 3 - 5 hours) and then spray a bud inhibitor so that the bud inhibitor flows along the veins of the first three true leaves to the primordia of the second and third tiller buds to inhibit the growth of the second and third tiller buds and does not flow into the part of the heart leaf. Conduct the second leaf cutting after the sixth fully unfolded leaf appears; conduct seedling hardening after each leaf cutting. (3) After the seedling hardening is completed after two leaf cuttings, transplant the strong seedlings to the sugarcane field. (4) When the sugarcane seedlings enter the initial stage of elongation and are about to close the row, uncover the film - apply medicine - fertilizer - hill up the soil or do not uncover the film until harvesting.

[0007] Preferably, when placing in trays in step (1), place the sugarcane seed stems horizontally with the same direction, the bud surface facing horizontally upwards, and the bud eyes flush with or slightly protruding from the surface of the seedling - raising tray. Further remove the nutrient soil higher than the tray surface to expose the sugarcane buds and the ridge surface of the holes of the seedling - raising tray.

[0008] Preferably, after placing in trays in step (1), cover with two layers of plastic films, and evenly cover a layer of dry, fluffy and lightweight heat - insulating material (such as dry and fluffy sugarcane leaves) with a thickness of 15 - 20 cm between the two layers of plastic films to keep the temperature and air moisture in contact with the bud eyes in the seedling tray uniform and constant, which is beneficial to improving the emergence rate and uniformity.

[0009] Preferably, the specific method of seedling hardening in step (2) is: cut off the water supply after leaf cutting, and spray a small amount of water when the heart leaf is slightly curled or yellowed, and repeat this 2 times and then resume watering (i.e., water thoroughly).

[0010] Preferably, apply an insecticide (such as thiamethoxam, etc.) one week before transplantation in step (3) to prevent pests such as borers, cutworms, and chafers in the seedling stage from damaging the sugarcane seedlings.

[0011] Preferably, spray a chlormequat chloride once before transplantation in step (3) to increase the number of nodes at the base of the seedlings and the stress resistance.

[0012] Preferably, in step (3), the leaves are appropriately trimmed to 2 / 5 - 3 / 5 of the whole leaves before transplanting to reduce transpiration loss.

[0013] Preferably, after transplanting in step (3), the plant spacing is 20 - 35 cm, and the total number of seedlings planted per mu is controlled to be 5800 - 7500 seedlings (including tillers).

[0014] Preferably, before transplanting the sugarcane seedlings in step (3), the sugarcane field is leveled, ditched, and covered with film to increase temperature and retain moisture. More preferably, special fertilizers or organic-inorganic compound fertilizers can be applied in the sugarcane field, or crops with a growth period of 50 - 100 days can be intercropped to increase the land utilization rate and output value of the sugarcane field while improving soil fertility.

[0015] Preferably, the medicated fertilizer in step (4) is a special compound fertilizer for sugarcane added with thiamethoxam and monosultap.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Reduce the input amount of seed canes and increase the amount of raw sugarcane for pressing.

[0017] The present invention can effectively reduce the input amount of newly planted seed canes, which has an important promoting effect on cost reduction and efficiency increase for sugarcane farmers. Compared with the existing input amount of sugarcane seed canes of 1000 - 1200 kg / mu, the present invention can effectively reduce the input amount of raw sugarcane by 665 - 800 kg / mu. While increasing the amount for pressing, the net income of sugarcane farmers is increased.

[0018] (2) Improve the uniformity of sugarcane seedlings planted in dry land, achieve quantitative density planting, and avoid the gaps and ridges caused by uneven emergence.

[0019] Currently, when planting sugarcane on dry sloping land, although the input amount of seed canes is large, the emergence rate is low, only 35 - 40%, and the emergence is uneven. One is the uneven size of seedling potential, and the other is the uneven density, resulting in the coexistence of overcrowded and sparse sugarcane seedlings in the field, which is not conducive to the establishment of the optimal population density in the sugarcane field. However, the sugarcane bud in vitro cultivation and strong seedling transplanting technology adopted by the present invention solves the problem of field drought before transplanting, while ensuring the quality and uniformity of transplanted seedlings, avoiding the problems of low emergence rate and uneven seedling potential and seedling quantity, and is conducive to constructing the optimal population density, increasing production and sugar content.

[0020] (3) Shorten the relatively long early growth period in the sugarcane field, increase the growth duration of sugarcane, and be conducive to the accumulation of sugar content in sugarcane and early ripening.

[0021] The present invention can cultivate strong seedlings in advance when the sugarcane field is not ready, which increases the growth time by at least one and a half months. Transplanting can be carried out after the preparation work such as land preparation and ditching is completed. While reducing soil moisture loss, the sugarcane seedlings start to grow in the field in advance. Compared with conventional planting, the growth time of the seed stem from planting to seedling emergence is shortened by about two months, which is beneficial to the formation of sugar in sugarcane yield, early entry into the maturity period, early harvesting and pressing, and improved the benefits of sugarcane farmers and sugar factories.

[0022] (4) Improve land utilization and output value.

[0023] A long period of time before transplanting the strong seedlings can be used to intercrop high-yield vegetables and other crops. While quickly improving soil fertility and conserving fertilizer and moisture, it also increases the planting of one season of crops, improves land utilization and output value, and increases the income of sugarcane farmers.

[0024] (5) The present invention combines the needs of green industrial development and changes the traditional method of direct planting of a large amount of raw sugarcane during sugarcane planting, reduces the volume of the nutrient body of the sugarcane seed stem to increase the amount of raw sugarcane to be crushed and reduce the transportation cost of the seedlings, and concentrates on soaking insecticides and fungicides to reduce the input of pesticides in the field. Sugarcane in vitro bud planting is used to cultivate strong seedlings, control the number of tillers, and transplant and plant strong seedlings at the same time. The full-film covering technology is used in advance to increase temperature and moisture retention, reduce the lack of ponds and broken ridges, and effectively control the number of seedlings and tillers in the field. The nursery cultivates strong seedlings to avoid field growth from the seedling stage to the late tillering stage. After transplanting, it enters elongation growth in a short time, which in disguise prolongs the growth time of sugarcane in the field and increases the sugar yield. At the same time, during the period of cultivating strong seedlings in the nursery, the sugarcane field can be used for intercropping vegetables and other crops to improve land utilization and output value. When planting sugarcane on the same land area, not only the raw sugarcane input cost, transportation cost and pesticide cost are reduced, but also the uniformity of sugarcane seedlings is improved to establish the optimal field density of effective sugarcane stems and ultimately increase the sugar yield. At the same time, intercropping vegetables and other crops during the seedling period improves land utilization and output value, improves soil fertility, increases sugarcane farmers' income and improves corporate efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the process of controlling the number of tillers in Example 2.

[0026] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic flow chart of the leaf cutting, seedling hardening and transplanting steps in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or substitutions made based on the teachings of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Example 1

[0028] A method for planting sugarcane with uniform seedlings, controlled tillering, high yield and high sugar content comprises the following steps: (1)Preparation of sugarcane seed stems: Select sugarcane seed stems (preferably newly cultivated and popularized sugarcane varieties or sugarcane varieties with good adaptability in the planting area as seed stems), select intact bud nodes, cut them into lengths of 3.5 - 4.5 cm. The cutting is carried out using a special sugarcane seed stem cutting production line to ensure cutting quality and uniformity, and ensure that the cut surface of the seed stem is flat without longitudinal cutting damage; after cutting, soak or coat them with a highly efficient special fungicide; according to whether the bud tissue is damaged and the cutting quality, remove unqualified products; the remaining internode sugarcane stems, sugarcane stems without viable buds, sugarcane stems with damaged buds, and the removed sugarcane stem parts are all used to make feed or transported back to the pressing room for sugar extraction, improving the utilization rate and output value of raw sugarcane.

[0029] (2)Preparation of uniform seedlings: The preparation of uniform seedlings is carried out from February to April. Prepare a sugarcane nursery in advance and use a certain volume of seedling trays or degradable seedling bags (each hole with a diameter of 6 - 8 cm and a height of 6 - 8 cm) to cultivate uniform seedlings. First, fill the seedling tray with 3 - 5 cm of soft nutrient soil, and place the undamaged sugarcane buds prepared in the previous step. The specific requirements are: place the seed stems horizontally, keep the direction consistent, with the bud surface facing up horizontally, flush with or slightly protruding from the seedling tray surface, fill the gaps with nutrient soil, and further use a brush to remove the nutrient soil above the tray surface to expose the sugarcane buds and the ridge surface of the seedling tray holes (to ensure that the buds are exposed to the air rather than buried in the soil, and promote uniform germination by means of the uniformity of water and heat in the air). After filling the tray, place it horizontally in the nursery (preferably, the surface of the nursery is flat and 10 - 15 cm higher than the ground, and the overall area is suitable for placing two rows of seedling trays). After watering thoroughly with a soft spray head, cover it with a plastic film, and then cover it with a layer of fluffy and dry sugarcane leaves or the like with a thickness of 20 - 25 cm. Subsequently, cover it with another layer of the same plastic film. The edges of the two plastic films should extend 10 - 15 cm beyond the edge of the nursery table and be sealed with soil to achieve the effect of moisture and heat preservation; observe the degree of uniform seedlings, and remove the covering after 12 days for subsequent cultivation.

[0030] (3)Control of tiller amount before transplanting: Control the number of tillers to one tiller or no tiller (tiller buds will start to mature when the 4th true leaf of the sugarcane seedling is fully unfolded, and they are the first, second, and third tillers from bottom to top). When the 4th true leaf is fully unfolded, prune the leaves. The pruning degree: Prune until the heart leaf has no funnel shape and is not conducive to the entry of medicine droplets into the heart leaf. After the cut surface heals and shrinks (within 3 - 5 hours), spray a tiller inhibitor, such as flumetralin, 36% emulsifiable concentrate of zhiyasu, etc. (the dosage, frequency, and type of tiller inhibitor need to be determined according to the tillering ability of the sugarcane variety), so that the tiller inhibitor can flow along the veins of the first three fully unfolded leaves into the primordia of the second and third tiller buds, without flowing into the heart leaf part to affect the growth of the apical meristem of the central leaf bud, and control to leave only one tiller bud or no tiller bud; when the 6th true leaf appears, carry out the second leaf pruning, and carry out seedling hardening and stress resistance training.

[0031] (4)Hardening off the seedlings: Specifically, cut off the water supply after each leaf pruning. When the central leaf is slightly curled or turns yellow, spray a small amount of water, and repeat this process twice before restoring the water supply (i.e., watering thoroughly). Apply thiamethoxam one week before transplantation to prevent seedling-stage pests, and spray chlormequat chloride once to increase the number of nodes at the base of the seedlings and their stress resistance. Before transplanting and transporting the seedlings, appropriately prune the leaves to 2 / 5 - 3 / 5 of the remaining whole leaves to reduce transpiration loss.

[0032] (5)Quantitative, uniform, and high-density transplantation: Before planting, check the moisture under the film at the bottom of the ditch to ensure that the sugarcane seedlings will not wither due to excessive water shortage after transplantation. It is preferably carried out on cloudy days or around rainy days. An integrated transplanting machine can be used for transplantation (ditching - punching for transplantation - watering the root-fixing water - compacting - side deep fertilization - mulching), or manual transplantation. When transplanting, plant the seedlings together with the nutrient soil fixed by the roots into the bottom of the ditch, compact the soil, and pour in the root-fixing water. The plant spacing should be maintained at 20 - 35 cm. Classify according to the type of seed cane of the sugarcane variety, and the number of transplanted seedlings per mu is 6000 - 7500 (including tillers). The specific number of planted seedlings is determined according to the light, rainfall conditions in the planting area and the number of effective stems in historical high-yielding fields.

[0033] (6)Maintaining the moisture status and soil fertility of the sugarcane field before transplantation: For newly planted sugarcane fields, the land needs to be leveled first. If transplantation can be carried out within one week, there is no need to open ditches and cover the film, and an integrated machine can be used for transplantation. For those that will not be transplanted in the near future, or for manual transplantation without a previous crop, or for those with a long time since the previous crop was harvested, it is necessary to open ditches and cover the film to conserve moisture. Apply special fertilizers or organic-inorganic compound fertilizers at the bottom of the ditch before mulching. For sugarcane fields that have been plowed earlier, vegetables, legumes, etc. with a growth period of 50 - 100 days can be intercropped to increase the land utilization rate and output value of the sugarcane field while improving the soil fertility, so that the soil fertility and moisture of the sugarcane field soil are maintained in a good state. After the intercropped crops are harvested, level the land while the moisture has not yet drained away and then carry out transplantation. Example 2

[0034] This example is a base for continuous sugarcane planting at an altitude of 1100 meters in Kaiyuan City, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, on a sloping land or bench land with a slope of less than 10°. The previous crop was sugarcane. After the sugarcane was harvested and the land was prepared (usually from March to May every year), spring planting of sugarcane was carried out. The specific method is as follows (the bud inhibitor, thiamethoxam, sugarcane special fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and plastic film used in this example can all be purchased on the market): (1)Preparation of nursery and seedling trays: In January or February, select an area in the central part of a 20-acre continuous planting area with flat terrain for building a sugarcane nursery. The area of the nursery is about 0.55 mu, and the nursery is 10 cm higher than the ground surface, with the surface compacted and leveled. Each seedbed is 1.1 m wide and 30 m long, and there are 10 seedbeds in total. Remove the surrounding weed and pest sources, and spray the prepared nursery with insecticides and fungicides twice. The seedling tray has 32 holes, with a hole diameter of 6.1 cm and a depth of 6 cm. The water leakage hole diameter is 3 - 5 mm, and the seedling tray is 54 cm long and 28 cm wide.

[0035] (2) Seed stem preparation and cutting: After the nursery is ready, 7 tons of drought-resistant, high-yield, high-sugar varieties, Yunzhe 05-51, Liucheng 05-136, and Yunzhe 14-1313, are selected. The sugarcane seed stem cutting production line is used to cut the sugarcane seed stem nodes to 4-4.5 cm to adapt to the aperture of the seed tray. The time from field harvesting to cutting and selection of seed stems shall not exceed 24 hours, and leaves may not be peeled. The selected sugarcane seed stems are transported to the nursery for tray loading. After selecting good bud nodes, the remaining sugarcane raw materials, totaling 17.8 tons, are recycled for sugar extraction, which is no different from raw sugarcane.

[0036] (3) Cultivation of seedlings in the nursery: After the bud nodes are cut and selected, they are sent to the nursery the next day. They are soaked in disinfectants such as carbendazim for 30 minutes and then placed in trays. First, fill the seed tray with 3~4cm of soft nutrient soil, put in the undamaged seed stems of the sugarcane buds prepared in the previous step, place the seed stems horizontally, keep the same direction, and the bud surface is horizontally facing upwards. Slightly press the seed stems so that the bud eyes are flush with the surface of the seedling tray or slightly protrude, fill the gap with nutrient soil, and further use a brush to remove the nutrient soil that protrudes above the tray surface to expose the sugarcane buds and the hole ridge surface of the seedling tray. After the trays are installed, they are placed horizontally in the nursery in two rows. After a seedbed is placed, water it with a soft sprinkler (water it twice) and cover it with black plastic mulch. A layer of fluffy dry sugarcane leaves is evenly covered with 20~25cm, and then covered with a layer of the same black film. The edges of the two layers of black film that extend 10cm beyond the edge of the nursery table are compacted and sealed with soil to achieve the effect of moisture retention and heat preservation. After 10 days, the seedlings are all grown and emerged in an even manner, with an average germination rate of 96.5%. The covering is removed for subsequent cultivation.

[0037] (4) Tillering quantity control: Cut the leaves when the fourth true leaf of the sugarcane seedling is fully expanded, and cut until the heart leaf has no trumpet mouth and is not conducive to the entry of the drug drops into the heart leaf. After the incision heals and shrinks, spray the bud inhibitor (flumetralin) until droplets flow down from the leaf veins, so that the bud inhibitor can flow along the veins of the first three true leaves to the primordium of the second and third tiller buds, but not flow into the heart leaf part to affect the growth of the apical meristem of the central leaf bud (such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As a result, 80% of the plants had first tillering buds but no other tillering buds.

[0038] (5) Hardening and strengthening seedlings: Cut the leaves for the second time after the sixth true leaf appears. Cut off water after each leaf cutting. When the heart leaves are slightly curled or yellow, spray a small amount of water. Repeat twice and then re-water (i.e., water sufficiently). Apply thiamethoxam one week before transplanting to prevent borers, cutworms and other pests in the seedling stage, and spray chlormequat once according to the drug instructions to increase the number of nodes at the base of the seedlings and their resistance to adversity; cut leaves appropriately before transplanting and transporting the seedlings to reduce transpiration loss.

[0039] (6) Moisture status and soil fertility maintenance in the sugarcane field before transplanting: In March, plow and harrow the field, plowing twice and harrowing twice to ensure that the soil is loose at the time of transplanting, and the soil moisture content reaches about 20%. Dig trenches and cover with a full film. The trench depth is 30 cm, the row spacing is 1.2 m. Before covering the film, apply a small amount of special compound fertilizer for sugarcane plus organic fertilizer. After covering the film, cover the bottom of the trench with a 2 - 3 cm thin layer of soil, and the edges of the plastic film need to be compacted with soil.

[0040] (7) Quantitative, uniform and high - density transplantation: When there is sufficient local sunlight, the planting density can be appropriately increased. Set the plant spacing at 20 cm, and the number of transplanted seedlings per mu is 5800 - 6200 (including tillers). Use manual transplantation, and pour root - fixing water and compact the soil during transplantation. One week after transplantation, fill in the gaps with the remaining seedlings in the nursery as appropriate.

[0041] (8) Remove the film, hill up the soil and apply fertilizer: When entering the initial stage of elongation and about to close the row, remove the film - apply pesticide - fertilizer - hill up the soil. During the process of hilling up the soil, it is necessary to suppress to eliminate the crater, and the height is 20 - 25 cm. The pesticide - fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer for sugarcane plus thiamethoxam and monosultap. Example 3

[0042] This example is a base for continuous sugarcane planting at an altitude of 1500 meters in the Shuangjiang area of Lincang City, Yunnan Province, China, on sloping land or terraced fields with a slope of less than 10°. The previous crop is green corn. After harvesting and land preparation (usually from October to December every year), autumn planting of sugarcane is carried out. The specific methods are as follows (the bud inhibitor, thiamethoxam, special fertilizer for sugarcane, organic fertilizer, and plastic film used in this example are all commercially available): (1) Preparation of nursery and seedling trays: From September to October, select an area in the central and flat part of a 40 - mu continuous planting area to build a sugarcane nursery. The nursery area is about 1 mu, 15 cm higher than the ground, the surface is compacted and leveled. Each seedbed is 1.1 m wide and 30 m long, with a total of 20 seedbeds. Remove the surrounding weed and pest sources, and spray the prepared nursery with insecticides and fungicides twice. The seedling tray specifications are 32 holes, hole diameter 6.1 cm, depth 6 cm, leakage hole diameter 3 - 5 mm, the seedling tray is 54 cm long and 28 cm wide.

[0043] (2) Preparation and cutting of seed canes: After the nursery is prepared, select 10 tons each of drought - tolerant, high - yield and high - sugar varieties Yunzhe 08 - 1609, Liucheng 05 - 136, Yunzhe 14 - 1313, and Yunzhe 05 - 51. Apply a sugarcane seed cane cutting production line to cut the sugarcane seed cane bud joints to 4 - 4.5 cm to fit the hole diameter of the seedling tray. The time from harvesting the seed canes in the field to completing cutting and selection does not exceed 24 hours, and the leaves do not need to be stripped. The selected sugarcane seed canes are transported to the nursery for loading into trays. After selecting good bud joints, the remaining 35.2 tons of sugarcane raw materials are recycled for sugar extraction.

[0044] (3) Cultivation of seedlings in the nursery: After the bud nodes are cut and selected, they are sent to the nursery the next day. They are soaked in disinfectants such as carbendazim and Bordeaux emulsion for 20 minutes and then placed in trays. First, fill the seed tray with 3~4cm of soft nutrient soil, put in the undamaged seed stems of the sugarcane buds prepared in the previous step, place the seed stems horizontally, keep the direction consistent, and the bud surface is horizontally facing upwards. Slightly press the seed stems so that the bud eyes are flush with the surface of the seedling tray or slightly protrude, fill the gap with nutrient soil, and further use a brush to brush off the nutrient soil that protrudes above the tray surface to expose the sugarcane buds and the hole ridge surface of the seedling tray. After the trays are installed, they are placed horizontally in the nursery in two rows. After a seedbed is placed, water it with a soft sprinkler and cover it with transparent ground film. A layer of fluffy dry sugarcane leaves is evenly covered with 20~25cm, and then covered with another layer of the same transparent ground film. The edges of the two layers of transparent ground film that extend 10cm beyond the edge of the nursery table are compacted and sealed with soil to achieve the effect of moisture retention and heat preservation. After 12 days, the seedlings are all grown and emerged in an even manner, with an average emergence rate of 97.3%. The covering is removed for subsequent cultivation.

[0045] (4) Tillering quantity control: On a sunny day, when the fourth true leaf of the sugarcane seedling is fully expanded, the leaves are cut. After the heart leaf has no trumpet mouth, when the cut edge is slightly wrinkled (4 hours after cutting the leaves), spray the bud inhibitor (flumetrachlor) until droplets flow down from the leaf veins, so that the bud inhibitor can flow along the veins of the first three true leaves to the primordium of the second and third tiller buds, but not flow into the heart leaf part to affect the growth of the apical meristem of the central leaf bud. As a result, 70% of the seedlings have the first tiller bud but no other tiller buds.

[0046] (5) Hardening and strengthening seedlings: Cut leaves after the sixth fully expanded leaf appears. Cut off water after each leaf cutting. When the heart leaves are slightly curled or yellow, spray a small amount of water (repeat twice) and then re-water. Apply thiamethoxam before transplanting to prevent insect pests and heart-destroying seedlings, and spray chlormequat once according to the drug instructions to increase the number of nodes at the base of the seedlings and their resistance to adversity; cut leaves appropriately before transplanting and transporting the seedlings to reduce transpiration loss.

[0047] (6) Maintaining the moisture status and soil fertility of the sugarcane field before transplanting: In November, plow and harrow the land twice to ensure that the soil is loose when transplanting. At this time, the soil moisture content is relatively high, reaching about 26%.

[0048] (7) Quantitative, uniform and high-density transplanting: If the local sunlight is sufficient, the planting can be appropriately dense, with a plant spacing of 20 cm, a row spacing of 1.1 m, and 6,100 to 6,500 seedlings per mu (including the first tillering). Use an integrated transplanter for transplanting, which can complete trenching, drilling holes for transplanting, watering for rooting, compacting, deep fertilization on the side, and film covering in one go. One week after transplanting, use the remaining seedlings in the nursery for seedling replacement as needed.

[0049] (8) Film removal, soiling and fertilization: When the growth enters the early stage and the rows are about to be closed, the film is removed, fertilizer is applied and soiling is carried out. The soiling process requires suppression to eliminate the crater, with a height of 20-25 cm. The fertilizer is a compound fertilizer specially designed for sugarcane with thiamethoxam added to it. Example 4

[0050] The method adopted in this example is the same as that in Example 2, except that the pre-transplant land use, transplanting method and density in steps (6) and (7) are slightly different. Specifically: the sugarcane field in step (6) is plowed after the sugarcane is harvested in December for vegetable and green corn planting, and after harvesting in May, the land is re-prepared for transplanting; in step (7), manual transplanting is changed to transplanting using an integrated transplanter, which can complete ditching - hole punching and transplanting - watering for root fixing - compaction - side deep fertilization - film mulching at one time. The plant spacing is 25 cm and the row spacing is 1.1 m. Example 5

[0051] The method adopted in this example is the same as that in Example 3, except that the transplanting fertilization amount and whether to uncover the film for soil heaping in steps (7) and (8) are slightly different. Specifically: the amount of side deep fertilization in step (7) is increased from a relatively small amount (80 kg / mu of special compound fertilizer) to 120 kg / mu; in step (8), uncovering the film for soil heaping is changed to not uncovering the film until harvest. Example 6

[0052] The method adopted in this example is the same as that in Example 2, except that the transplanting time and transplanting water conditions in steps (6) and (7) are slightly different. Specifically: the sugarcane field in step (6) is plowed and leveled after the sugarcane is harvested in February for transplanting; in step (7), manual transplanting is changed to transplanting using an integrated transplanter, which can complete ditching - hole punching and transplanting - watering for root fixing - compaction - side deep fertilization - laying drip irrigation tape - film mulching at one time. The integrated transplanter is equipped with a drip irrigation tape module, and the drip irrigation tape is laid at the bottom of the ditch before film mulching. Example 7

[0053] In this example, three different sugarcane varieties (where: Variety 1 is Yunzhe 08 - 1609, Variety 2 is Yunzhe 05 - 51, Variety 3 is Liucheng 05 - 136) were planted in different fields respectively using the method described in Example 2 (observation group) and conventional planting method (control group) (with the same planting area), and the results were compared, as shown in Table 1.

[0054]

[0055] It can be seen from Table 1 that: (1) Since the observation group improved the uniformity of the number of seedlings in the field, a relatively uniform population density was formed. Therefore, compared with the control group, the number of effective stems is more and the stem diameter is thicker; (2) During the nursery cultivation period, the observation group underwent tiller control and seedling hardening. Compared with the sugarcane planted by conventional methods (control group) at the same time, the plant height and sugar content increased. The yield per mu and sugar content increased by 29.22% and 2.61% respectively. Example 8

[0056] In this embodiment, three different sugarcane varieties (Guitang 42, Yunzhe 05-51, and ROC 22) were respectively raised seedlings by using the conventional field planting method (planting under full film coverage) and the method described in Example 3, and the emergence rates were compared. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0057]

[0058] As can be seen from Table 2: The strong seedling cultivation technology for in vitro sugarcane buds adopted in the present invention avoids adverse factors such as field drought in the seedling raising stage, solves the problems of low emergence rate and uneven seedling potential and seedling quantity, and ensures the quality, quantity and uniformity of emergence. Therefore, the emergence rate of raising seedlings by using the method described in the present invention is much higher than that of the field planting method.

[0059] The present invention is not limited solely to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. For those skilled in the art of this technology, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims of the present invention and the equivalent scope, other modifications can be easily achieved and all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, tiller control, high yield and high sugar content, characterized in that, It includes at least the following steps: (1) Cut the bud nodes of sugarcane seed canes into lengths of 3.5 - 4.5 cm. After soaking and disinfection, place them in trays, cover with a film for cultivation, and uncover the film after the emergence is neat; (2) When the 4th true leaf of the sugarcane seedlings fully unfolds, cut the leaves until there is no flared opening in the heart leaf and it is not conducive to the entry of the liquid medicine droplets into the heart leaf. Wait until the cut heals and shrinks, then spray the bud inhibitor so that the bud inhibitor flows along the veins of the first three true leaves onto the primordia of the second and third tiller buds to inhibit the growth of the second and third tiller buds and does not flow into the heart leaf part; perform the second leaf cutting after the 6th fully unfolded leaf appears; Carry out seedling hardening after each leaf cutting; (3) After the seedling hardening after two leaf cuttings is completed, transplant the strong seedlings to the sugarcane field; (4) When the sugarcane seedlings enter the initial stage of elongation and are about to close the row, uncover the film - apply medicine and fertilizer - hill up the soil or do not uncover the film until harvest.

2. The planting method for high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence and tillering control according to claim 1, wherein In step (1) when placing in trays, place the sugarcane seed canes horizontally with the same direction, the bud surface facing horizontally upwards, the bud eyes level with or slightly protruding from the surface of the seedling - raising tray, exposing the sugarcane buds and the ridge surface of the holes of the seedling - raising tray.

3. The planting method for high-yield and high-sugar cane with uniform seedling emergence and tiller control according to claim 1, characterized in that, After placing in trays in step (1), cover with two layers of plastic films, and evenly cover a layer of fluffy and light heat - insulating material with a thickness of 15 - 20 cm between the two layers of plastic films.

4. The planting method for high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence and tillering control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method of the seedling hardening in step (2) is: cut off the water supply after leaf cutting, and spray a small amount of water when the heart leaf is slightly curled or yellowed, and repeat 2 times and then resume watering.

5. The planting method for high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence and tillering control according to claim 1, characterized in that, Apply an insecticide one week before transplantation in step (3).

6. The planting method for high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence and tiller control according to claim 1, characterized in that, Spray a chlormequat chloride once before transplantation in step (3).

7. The planting method for high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence and tiller control according to claim 1, characterized in that, Cut the leaves to 2 / 5 - 3 / 5 of the whole leaf before transplantation in step (3).

8. The planting method for high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence and tiller control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant spacing after transplantation in step (3) is 20 - 35 cm, and the number of seedlings planted per mu is 5800 - 7500 seedlings.

9. The planting method for high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence and tiller control according to claim 1, characterized in that Before transplanting the sugarcane seedlings in step (3), level the land in the sugarcane field, dig ditches, and cover with a film to increase temperature and retain moisture.

10. The planting method for high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence and tiller control according to claim 9, characterized in that, Apply a special fertilizer or an organic - inorganic compound fertilizer in the sugarcane field, or inter - plant a crop with a growth period of 50 - 100 days.

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