A sugarcane planting method for controlling tillering, high yield and high sugar

Abstract

The application discloses a sugarcane uniform seedling control tillering high-yield and high-sugar planting method, and at least comprises the following steps: seed stalk preparation and cutting, uniform seedling cultivation, tillering quantity control, seedling hardening and transplanting. The method can reduce the seed stalk input, improve the uniformity of sugarcane seedlings, realize quantitative density planting, avoid the uneven emergence leading to the lack of pond and broken ridge, reduce the carried pathogen source, reduce the field pesticide input, reduce the long sugarcane field growth period, increase the sugarcane growth time, and increase the sugarcane yield and sugar content.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to a planting method for sugarcane that promotes uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content. Background Technology

[0002] Sugarcane is an important sugar crop, providing both sugar and a vital source of green energy. Sugarcane cultivation utilizes budded sugarcane stalks for asexual reproduction, and is divided into two types: manual and mechanized planting. Manual planting involves manually cutting the sugarcane stalks, primarily using two-bud stalks, although multi-bud stalks or whole stalks are also used. Mechanized planting mainly employs planting two-bud or multi-bud stalks into planting furrows. Due to intense competition for land, sugarcane cultivation is currently concentrated in mountainous and dry slopes. The drought during winter and spring severely impacts seedling emergence and yield. While the widespread adoption of full-film mulching technology has improved emergence and yield to some extent, the amount of raw sugarcane stalks used has not decreased, and technologies to improve emergence rate and uniformity remain relatively lacking.

[0003] To date, whether it's manual planting, mechanized planting, or the improved full-film mulching planting technology, the following shortcomings exist: ① The input of raw sugarcane is large, requiring at least 1000-1200 kg of seed stalks per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The input cost is too high. Based on an average yield of 5 tons per mu, the seed stalks account for about 1 / 5 of the input. The large input of seed stalks leads to high production costs. Assuming a purchase price of 450 yuan per ton, after deducting fertilizer, pesticide, transportation, and labor costs, the remaining profit is less than 1000 yuan per mu; ② Sugarcane dryland planting results in low germination rates and uneven emergence. The number of seedlings in the field cannot be controlled, leading to severe gaps in the rows of newly planted sugarcane, affecting the sustained high yield of ratooned sugarcane. This, in turn, directly or indirectly... The following factors hinder sugarcane production: ① The amount of sugarcane seed stalks used cannot be reduced; ② The excessively long growth period from seedling emergence to late tillering results in numerous ineffective tillers, reducing nutrient utilization efficiency in the early stages of sugarcane growth; ③ Planting sugarcane with multiple buds makes the seed stalks susceptible to carrying pests and diseases, making it difficult to eliminate these sources of pests and pathogens, leading to more severe pest and disease problems after planting, increasing pest and disease control costs, and hindering green and sustainable sugarcane production; ④ The large amount of seed stalks used in sugarcane planting results in high transportation costs; ⑤ Transportation damages the seed stalk buds, reducing bud vigor, and compromising seedling emergence rate and uniformity after planting; ⑥ The late planting period results in insufficient growth time for spring-planted sugarcane, leading to lower yields.

[0004] Therefore, it is essential to develop a sugarcane planting method that can improve seedling emergence rate and uniformity while reducing raw sugarcane input, reducing ineffective tillers, and increasing yield and sugar content. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the problems of existing technologies, such as large input of raw sugarcane seed stalks, low emergence rate, uneven emergence, ineffective tillering competing for nutrients, excessively long early growth period, susceptibility to diseases and pests, high transportation costs of seed stalks, and bud damage during transportation. It provides a planting method for sugarcane cultivation that achieves uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content, thus promoting the reform of sugarcane planting technology and the transformation and upgrading of the industry.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for cultivating sugarcane that promotes uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Cut the sugarcane seed stalks and buds into sections 3.5-4.5cm long, soak them in water to disinfect them, then place them in a tray, cover them with film for cultivation, and remove the film after the seedlings emerge uniformly;

[0009] (2) When the fourth true leaf of the sugarcane seedling is fully expanded, cut the leaves until the heart leaf has no trumpet opening and it is not conducive to the dripping of medicine into the heart leaf. After the cut has healed and shrunk (within 3-5 hours), spray the bud inhibitor so that the bud inhibitor flows along the veins of the first three true leaves to the primordia of the second and third tillers, inhibiting the growth of the second and third tillers, and not flowing into the heart leaf. After the sixth fully expanded leaf appears, cut the leaves a second time. After each leaf cutting, harden off the seedlings.

[0010] (3) After the seedlings have been hardened off after two leaf prunings, the strong seedlings are transplanted to the sugarcane field;

[0011] (4) When the sugarcane seedlings enter the early stage of elongation and are about to close the canopy, remove the film, apply fertilizer and pesticides, and mound soil, or do not remove the film until harvest.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), when filling the tray, the sugarcane seed stalks are laid horizontally with the same orientation, the bud surface facing upwards, and the bud eyes are level with or slightly protruding from the surface of the seedling tray. Further remove the nutrient soil that is higher than the surface of the tray to expose the sugarcane buds and the ridge surface of the seedling tray holes.

[0013] Preferably, after loading the seedling trays in step (1), two layers of plastic film are placed on top, and a layer of dry, fluffy, and lightweight heat-insulating material (such as dry, fluffy sugarcane leaves) of 15-20cm is evenly placed between the two layers of plastic film to keep the temperature and air moisture in contact with the buds in the seedling trays uniform and constant, which is conducive to improving the germination rate and uniformity.

[0014] Preferably, the specific method for hardening seedlings in step (2) is as follows: after cutting the leaves, stop watering, and when the heart leaves are slightly curled or turn yellow, spray a small amount of water, repeat twice, and then re-water (i.e., water thoroughly).

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), an insecticide (such as thiamethoxam) is applied one week before transplanting to prevent damage to sugarcane seedlings caused by pests such as stem borers, cutworms, and scarab beetles during the seedling stage.

[0016] Preferably, step (3) involves spraying chlormequat chloride once before transplanting to increase the number of nodes at the base of the seedling and its resistance to adverse conditions.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the leaves are appropriately pruned to 2 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the remaining whole leaves before transplanting to reduce transpiration loss.

[0018] Preferably, after transplanting in step (3), the plant spacing is 20-35cm, and the total number of seedlings per mu is controlled to be 5800-7500 (including tillers).

[0019] Preferably, before transplanting the sugarcane seedlings in step (3), the sugarcane field is prepared by digging ditches, covering with film to increase temperature and retain water. More preferably, special fertilizers or organic-inorganic compound fertilizers can be applied to the sugarcane field, or crops with a growth period of 50-100 days can be intercropped to increase the land utilization rate and output value of the sugarcane field while improving soil fertility.

[0020] Preferably, the fertilizer in step (4) is a sugarcane-specific compound fertilizer with added thiamethoxam insecticide.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) Reduce the amount of seed stalks input and increase the amount of raw sugarcane put into the press.

[0023] This invention effectively reduces the amount of new seed stalks required, significantly contributing to cost savings and increased efficiency for sugarcane farmers. Compared to the existing sugarcane seed stalk input of 1000-1200 kg / mu, this invention effectively reduces raw sugarcane input by 665-800 kg / mu, increasing the amount of sugarcane processed while simultaneously boosting farmers' net income.

[0024] (2) Improve the uniformity of sugarcane seedlings in dryland planting, achieve quantitative density planting, and avoid uneven seedling emergence leading to gaps in the rows.

[0025] Currently, sugarcane cultivation on dry slopes, despite the large input of seed stalks, suffers from low germination rates of only 35-40%, and uneven emergence. This uneven emergence results in both overly dense and sparse sugarcane seedlings in the field, hindering the establishment of optimal plant density. The sugarcane bud in vitro cultivation and transplanting technology employed in this invention addresses the drought problem before transplanting while ensuring the quality and uniformity of transplanted seedlings. This avoids the issues of low germination rates and uneven seedling growth and quantity, thus facilitating the establishment of optimal plant density and increasing yield and sugar content.

[0026] (3) It reduces the long early stage of sugarcane growth in the field, increases the growth period of sugarcane, and is conducive to the accumulation of sugar in sugarcane and early maturity.

[0027] This invention allows for the cultivation of robust seedlings before the sugarcane field is ready, extending the growth period by at least one and a half months. Transplanting can then proceed once land preparation and ditching are completed. This reduces soil moisture loss and allows the sugarcane seedlings to begin growing earlier in the field. Compared to conventional planting, this advances the growth period from planting to emergence by approximately two months, which is beneficial for sugarcane yield and sugar formation, allowing the sugarcane to reach maturity earlier, harvest earlier, and improve the efficiency of sugarcane farmers and sugar mills.

[0028] (4) Improve land utilization and output value.

[0029] Before transplanting strong seedlings, high-yield vegetables and other crops can be intercropped for a longer period of time. This not only rapidly improves soil fertility and conserves fertilizer and moisture, but also increases the planting of a new crop, thereby improving land utilization and output value, and increasing the income of sugarcane farmers.

[0030] (5) In line with the needs of green development of the industry, this invention changes the traditional method of directly planting large amounts of raw sugarcane during sugarcane planting. It reduces the volume of the sugarcane seed stalk vegetative body to increase the amount of raw sugarcane to be crushed and reduces the cost of seedling transportation. At the same time, it concentrates the soaking of insecticides and fungicides to reduce the input of pesticides in the field. It uses sugarcane detached bud planting to cultivate strong seedlings, controls the number of tillers, and transplants strong seedlings uniformly. Combined with the early full film covering technology to increase temperature and retain moisture, it reduces the gaps in the rows and effectively controls the number of seedlings and tillers in the field. The nursery cultivates strong seedlings to eliminate the field growth from the seedling stage to the late tillering stage. After transplanting, the seedlings enter the elongation growth stage in a short time, which indirectly prolongs the growth time of sugarcane in the field and increases the yield and sugar content. At the same time, during the period of cultivating strong seedlings in the nursery, the sugarcane field can be used for intercropping vegetables and other crops to improve land utilization and output value. Planting sugarcane on the same land area not only reduces the cost of raw sugarcane input, transportation and pesticides, but also improves the uniformity of sugarcane seedlings to establish the optimal field density of effective sugarcane stalks, ultimately increasing yield and sugar content. At the same time, intercropping vegetables and other crops during the seedling stage improves land utilization and output value, enriches soil fertility, increases sugarcane farmers' income and improves enterprise efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for controlling the number of tillers in Example 2.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of leaf trimming, seedling hardening, and transplanting in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any modifications or substitutions made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Example 1

[0034] A method for cultivating sugarcane that promotes uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content includes the following steps:

[0035] (1) Sugarcane seed stalk preparation: Take sugarcane seed stalks (newly cultivated and promoted sugarcane varieties or sugarcane varieties with good adaptability in the planting area can be preferred as seed stalks), select intact bud nodes, cut them at a length of 3.5~4.5cm, and use a special sugarcane seed stalk cutting production line to ensure the cutting quality and uniformity, and ensure that the cut of the seed stalk is flat and without longitudinal cracking damage; after cutting, soak or coat it with a high-efficiency special bactericide; according to whether the bud tissue is damaged and the cutting quality, remove unqualified products; the remaining internode sugarcane stalks, sugarcane stalks without live buds, sugarcane stalks with damaged buds, and the removed sugarcane stalk parts are all used to make feed or transported back to the pressing room for sugar extraction to improve the utilization rate and output value of raw sugarcane.

[0036] (2) Preparation of uniform seedlings: Preparation of uniform seedlings is carried out from February to April. Sugarcane nursery is prepared in advance, and seedling trays or biodegradable seedling bags of a certain volume (6-8 cm in diameter and 6-8 cm in height per hole) are used to cultivate uniform seedlings. First, put 3-5 cm of loose nutrient soil into the seedling tray, and put in the undamaged seed stalks of sugarcane buds prepared in the previous step. The specific requirements are: the seed stalks are placed horizontally, with the same direction, the bud surface is horizontal and facing upward, level with or slightly protruding from the surface of the seedling tray. Fill the gaps with nutrient soil, and then use a brush to remove the nutrient soil that is higher than the surface of the tray, so as to expose the sugarcane buds and the ridge surface of the holes of the seedling tray (to ensure that the buds are exposed to the air rather than buried in the soil, and to promote uniform germination by taking advantage of the uniformity of water and heat in the air). After filling the trays, place them horizontally in the nursery (preferably, the nursery surface should be flat and 10-15cm above the ground, with an overall area suitable for accommodating two rows of trays). Water thoroughly with a gentle spray nozzle, then cover with mulch film. On top of this, cover with a 20-25cm layer of loose, dry sugarcane leaves or similar material, and then cover with another layer of the same mulch film. The edges of both layers of mulch film should extend 10-15cm beyond the edge of the nursery platform. Press the soil firmly to seal the mulch film and achieve the effect of moisture retention and heat preservation. Observe the uniformity of the seedlings. After 12 days, remove the covering material for further cultivation.

[0037] (3) Control of tillering before transplanting: Control the number of tillers to one or no tillers (tillering buds will begin to mature when the fourth true leaf of the sugarcane seedling is fully expanded, and the first, second and third tillers are arranged from bottom to top). When the fourth true leaf is fully expanded, prune the leaves. The degree of pruning: cut until the heart leaf has no trumpet opening and it is not conducive to the dripping of medicine into the heart leaf. After the cut has healed and shriveled (within 3-5 hours), spray the bud inhibitor, such as fluopyram or bud stopper. Use 36% emulsifiable concentrate, etc. (the dosage, frequency and type of sprout inhibitor need to be determined according to the tillering strength of the sugarcane variety) so that the sprout inhibitor can flow along the veins of the first three fully expanded leaves to the primordia of the second and third tillers, without flowing into the heart leaves and affecting the growth of the meristematic tissue at the tip of the central leaf bud, thus controlling the growth to leave only one tiller or no tiller; after the sixth true leaf appears, perform a second leaf pruning, and carry out hardening and stress resistance training.

[0038] (4) Hardening and strengthening seedlings: Specifically, stop watering after each leaf pruning. When the heart leaves are slightly curled or yellow, spray a small amount of water. Repeat this twice and then water again (i.e., water thoroughly). Apply thiamethoxam one week before transplanting to prevent seedling pests and spray chlormequat chloride once to increase the number of nodes at the base of the seedling and its resistance. Before transplanting and transporting the seedlings, prune the leaves appropriately to 2 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the remaining whole leaves to reduce transpiration loss.

[0039] (5) Quantitative, uniform and high-density transplanting: Before planting, check the moisture under the film at the bottom of the trench to ensure that the sugarcane seedlings will not die due to excessive water shortage after transplanting. It is best to transplant on cloudy days or before or after rainy days. An integrated transplanting machine can be used for transplanting (ditching-hole drilling-watering-compacting-side deep fertilization-covering film), or manual transplanting can be used. At the same time as transplanting, the nutrient soil for root fixation should be planted into the bottom of the trench, the soil should be compacted and watered, and the plant spacing should be maintained at 20-35cm. According to the seed stem type of the sugarcane variety, the number of seedlings transplanted per mu is 6000-7500 (including tillers). The specific number of seedlings planted should be determined according to the light and rain conditions of the planting area and the number of historical high-yield effective stems.

[0040] (6) Water status and soil fertility maintenance of sugarcane fields before transplanting: Newly planted sugarcane fields need to be leveled first. If they can be transplanted within a week, they can be transplanted without trenching and covering with film, using an integrated machine. If they are not to be transplanted in the near future, or if they are transplanted manually and there is no previous crop, or if the previous crop was harvested a long time ago, they need to trench and cover with film to retain moisture. Before covering with film, apply special fertilizer or organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to the bottom of the trench. If sugarcane is plowed early, vegetables, beans and other crops with a growth period of 50 to 100 days can be intercropped to increase the land utilization rate and output value of sugarcane fields while improving soil fertility, so that the soil fertility and moisture of sugarcane fields are kept in a good state. After the intercropped crops are harvested, the land should be leveled before transplanting. Example 2

[0041] This example describes a sugarcane-growing base at an altitude of 1100 meters in Kaiyuan City, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, my country. The land is situated on slopes or terraces with a gradient of less than 10°. Sugarcane was the previous crop, and after the sugarcane harvest and land preparation (usually from March to May each year), spring planting of sugarcane is carried out. The specific method is as follows (the sprout inhibitor, thiamethoxam, sugarcane-specific fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and mulch film used in this example are all commercially available):

[0042] (1) Preparation of nursery and seedling trays: In January and February, select an area in the central part of the 20-mu contiguous planting area with flat terrain to build a sugarcane nursery. The nursery area is about 0.55 mu, and the nursery is 10cm above the ground. The surface is compacted and leveled. Each seedbed is 1.1m wide and 30m long, with a total of 10 seedbeds. Remove weeds and pests from the surrounding area. Spray the prepared nursery with insecticide and fungicide twice. The seedling trays are 32-hole, with a hole diameter of 6.1cm and a depth of 6cm. The drainage hole diameter is 3-5mm. The seedling trays are 54cm long and 28cm wide.

[0043] (2) Sugarcane seed preparation and cutting: After the nursery is prepared, select 7 tons each of drought-resistant, high-yield, and high-sugar varieties Yunzhe 05-51, Liucheng 05-136, and Yunzhe 14-1313. Use a sugarcane seed cutting production line to cut the sugarcane seed stalks to 4-4.5cm to fit the seedling tray hole size. The time from harvesting the seed stalks in the field to completing the cutting and selection should not exceed 24 hours, and the leaves do not need to be removed. The selected sugarcane seed stalks are transported to the nursery for tray loading. After selecting good buds, the remaining sugarcane raw material, totaling 17.8 tons, is recycled for sugar production, and is no different from the raw sugarcane.

[0044] (3) Nursery seedling cultivation: After the buds are cut and selected, they are sent to the nursery the next day. They are soaked in disinfectant such as carbendazim for 30 minutes and then placed in trays. First, put 3-4cm of loose nutrient soil into the seedling tray, and put in the undamaged seed stems of the sugarcane buds prepared in the previous step. The seed stems are placed horizontally, with the direction consistent and the bud surface facing upward. Press the seed stems slightly so that the bud eyes are level with or slightly protrude from the surface of the seedling tray. Fill the gaps with nutrient soil, and then use a brush to remove the nutrient soil that is higher than the surface of the tray, exposing the sugarcane buds and the ridge surface of the seedling tray. After filling the trays, place them horizontally in two rows in the nursery. After completing the placement of one seedbed, water them thoroughly with a gentle sprayer (water twice) and cover them with black plastic film. Then, evenly cover them with a layer of loose, dry sugarcane leaves for 20-25cm, and then cover them with another layer of the same black film. The edges of the two black films that extend 10cm beyond the edge of the nursery platform are sealed with soil to achieve the effect of moisture retention and heat preservation. Ten days later, the seedlings emerged uniformly, with an average emergence rate of 96.5%. The covering was then removed for further cultivation.

[0045] (4) Tillering control: When the fourth true leaf of the sugarcane seedling is fully expanded, cut the leaves until the heart leaf has no trumpet opening and it is not conducive to the dripping of the pesticide into the heart leaf. After the cut has healed and wrinkled, spray the sprout inhibitor (flufenican) until droplets flow down from the leaf veins, so that the sprout inhibitor can flow down the veins of the first three true leaves to the primordia of the second and third tillers, and not flow into the heart leaf part, which will affect the growth of the meristematic tissue at the tip of the central leaf bud (e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 2 (As shown). The results showed that 80% had a first tiller but no other tillers.

[0046] (5) Hardening off and strengthening seedlings: After the sixth true leaf appears, perform a second leaf pruning. After each leaf pruning, stop watering. When the heart leaves are slightly curled or yellowed, spray a small amount of water. Repeat this process twice, and then water again (i.e., water thoroughly). One week before transplanting, apply thiamethoxam to prevent pests such as stem borers and cutworms during the seedling stage. Also, spray once with chlormequat chloride according to the instructions to increase the number of nodes at the base of the seedling and its resistance to adverse conditions. Before transplanting and transporting the seedlings, prune the leaves appropriately to reduce transpiration loss.

[0047] (6) Water status and soil fertility maintenance of sugarcane field before transplanting: In March, plow and harrow the land, plow and harrow twice to ensure that the soil is loose and the soil moisture content reaches about 20% when transplanting. Open trenches and cover with full film, with a trench depth of 30cm and a row spacing of 1.2m. Apply a small amount of sugarcane-specific compound fertilizer plus organic fertilizer before covering with film. After covering with film, cover the bottom of the trench with 2-3cm of thin soil. The edges of the film need to be compacted with soil.

[0048] (7) Quantitative, uniform, and high-density transplanting: Where there is sufficient local sunlight, dense planting is appropriate, with a plant spacing of 20cm, and 5800-6200 seedlings per mu (including tillers). Manual transplanting is used, and the roots are watered and compacted during transplanting. One week after transplanting, replant seedlings with the remaining seedlings in the nursery as needed.

[0049] (8) Uncovering the film, hilling up the soil and applying fertilizer: When the canopy is about to close in the early stage of elongation, uncover the film, apply fertilizer and pesticide, and hill up the soil. During the hilling process, the soil needs to be compacted to remove the crater. The height should be 20-25cm. The fertilizer and pesticide are sugarcane-specific compound fertilizer with added thiamethoxam insecticide. Example 3

[0050] This example describes a sugarcane plantation in Shuangjiang County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province, my country, at an altitude of 1500 meters. The land is a slope or terrace with a gradient of less than 10°. The previous crop was green corn. After harvesting and land preparation (usually from October to December each year), sugarcane is planted in autumn. The specific method is as follows (the sprout inhibitor, thiamethoxam, sugarcane-specific fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and mulch film used in this example can all be purchased commercially):

[0051] (1) Preparation of nursery and seedling trays: In September and October, select an area in the central part of the 40-mu contiguous planting area with flat terrain to build a sugarcane nursery. The nursery area is about 1 mu, the nursery is 15cm above the ground, the surface is compacted and leveled, each seedbed is 1.1m wide and 30m long, a total of 20 seedbeds. Remove weeds and pests from the surrounding area, and spray the prepared nursery with insecticide and fungicide twice. The seedling trays are 32-hole, with a hole diameter of 6.1cm and a depth of 6cm, and a drainage hole diameter of 3-5mm. The seedling trays are 54cm long and 28cm wide.

[0052] (2) Sugarcane seedling preparation and cutting: After the nursery is prepared, select 10 tons each of drought-resistant, high-yield, and high-sugar varieties Yunzhe 08-1609, Liucheng 05-136, Yunzhe 14-1313, and Yunzhe 05-51. Use a sugarcane seedling cutting production line to cut the sugarcane seedling buds to 4-4.5cm to fit the seedling tray hole size. The time from harvesting the seedlings in the field to completing the cutting and selection should not exceed 24 hours, and the leaves do not need to be removed. The selected sugarcane seedlings are transported to the nursery for traying. After selecting good buds, the remaining sugarcane raw material totaling 35.2 tons is recycled for sugar production.

[0053] (3) Nursery seedling cultivation: After the buds are cut and selected, they are sent to the nursery the next day. They are soaked in disinfectant such as carbendazim and Bordeaux emulsion for 20 minutes before being placed in trays. First, put 3-4 cm of loose nutrient soil into the seedling tray, and then put in the undamaged seed stems of the sugarcane buds prepared in the previous step. The seed stems are placed horizontally, with the direction consistent and the bud surface facing upward. Press the seed stems slightly so that the bud eyes are level with or slightly protrude from the surface of the seedling tray. Fill the gaps with nutrient soil, and then use a brush to remove the nutrient soil that is higher than the surface of the tray, exposing the sugarcane buds and the ridge surface of the seedling tray. After the trays are filled, place them horizontally in two rows in the nursery. After completing the placement of one seedbed, water them thoroughly with a gentle spray nozzle and cover them with transparent mulch. Then, evenly cover them with a 20-25 cm layer of loose, dry sugarcane leaves, and then cover them with another layer of the same transparent mulch. The edges of the two transparent mulches that extend 10 cm beyond the edge of the nursery platform are sealed with soil to achieve the effect of moisture retention and heat preservation. Twelve days later, the seedlings emerged uniformly, with an average emergence rate of 97.3%. The covering was then removed for further cultivation.

[0054] (4) Tillering control: On sunny days, when the fourth true leaf of the sugarcane seedling is fully unfolded, the leaves are pruned until the heart leaf no longer has a trumpet-like opening. After the cut is slightly wrinkled (4 hours after pruning), a sprout inhibitor (flufenican) is sprayed until droplets flow down from the leaf veins. This allows the sprout inhibitor to flow along the veins of the first three true leaves to the primordia of the second and third tillers, without flowing into the heart leaf and affecting the growth of the meristematic tissue at the tip of the central leaf bud. As a result, 70% of the seedlings had a first tiller but no other tillers.

[0055] (5) Hardening off and strengthening seedlings: After the 6th fully expanded leaf appears, prune the leaves. After each pruning, stop watering. When the heart leaves are slightly curled or yellow, spray a small amount of water (repeat twice) and then re-water. Apply thiamethoxam before transplanting to prevent pests and dead heart seedlings, and spray chlormequat chloride once according to the instructions to increase the number of nodes at the base of the seedlings and their resistance. Prune the leaves appropriately before transplanting to reduce transpiration loss.

[0056] (6) Water status and soil fertility maintenance of sugarcane field before transplanting: In November, plow and harrow the land, plowing and harrowing twice to ensure that the soil is loose when transplanting. At this time, the soil moisture content is relatively high, reaching about 26%.

[0057] (7) Quantitative, uniform, and high-density transplanting: Where there is sufficient local sunlight, dense planting is appropriate, with a plant spacing of 20cm and a row spacing of 1.1m, resulting in 6100-6500 seedlings per mu (including the first tiller). Use an integrated transplanter to complete the entire process in one go: trenching, hole drilling, transplanting, watering, compaction, deep lateral fertilization, and mulching. One week after transplanting, replant with the remaining seedlings from the nursery as needed.

[0058] (8) Uncovering the film, hilling up the soil and applying fertilizer: When the canopy is about to close in the early stage of elongation, uncover the film, apply fertilizer and pesticide, and hill up the soil. During the hilling process, the soil needs to be compacted to eliminate the crater. The height should be 20-25cm. The fertilizer and pesticide are sugarcane-specific compound fertilizer with added thiamethoxam insecticide. Example 4

[0059] The method used in this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 2, except that the land use, transplanting method and density before transplanting in steps (6) and (7) are slightly different. Specifically, in step (6), the sugarcane field is plowed and planted with vegetables and green corn after the sugarcane is harvested in December. After the harvest in May, the land is re-prepared and transplanted. In step (7), manual transplanting is replaced by transplanting with an integrated transplanting machine, which completes ditching, hole drilling, watering, compaction, side deep fertilization and mulching in one go. The plant spacing is 25cm and the row spacing is 1.1m. Example 5

[0060] The method used in this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 3, except that the amount of fertilizer applied during transplanting and whether or not to remove the film and mound soil in steps (7) and (8) are slightly different. Specifically, the amount of fertilizer applied on the side in step (7) is increased from a small amount (80 kg / mu of special compound fertilizer) to 120 kg / mu; and the removal of the film and mound soil in step (8) is changed to not removing the film until harvest. Example 6

[0061] The method used in this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 2, except that the transplanting time and transplanting water conditions in steps (6) and (7) are slightly different. Specifically, in step (6), the sugarcane field is transplanted after the sugarcane is harvested in February and the land is plowed and leveled. In step (7), manual transplanting is replaced by transplanting with an integrated transplanting machine, which completes ditching, hole drilling, transplanting, watering, compaction, side deep fertilization, laying drip irrigation tape, and mulching in one go. The integrated transplanting machine has a drip irrigation tape module, and drip irrigation tape is laid at the bottom of the ditch before mulching. Example 7

[0062] In this embodiment, three different sugarcane varieties (variety 1: Yunzhe 08-1609, variety 2: Yunzhe 05-51, and variety 3: Liucheng 05-136) were planted in different fields using the method described in Example 2 (observation group) and the conventional planting method (control group) (with the same planting area). The results were compared, as shown in Table 1.

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from Table 1: (1) Due to the improved uniformity of seedling number in the field, the observation group formed a more uniform population density, resulting in more effective stems and thicker stem diameters compared to the control group; (2) During the nursery cultivation period, the observation group underwent tillering control and hardening, which increased plant height and sugar content compared to the sugarcane conventionally planted at the same time (control group). The yield per mu and sugar content increased by 29.22% and 2.61%, respectively. Example 8

[0065] In this embodiment, three different sugarcane varieties (Guitang 42, Yunzhe 05-51, and Xintaitang 22) were raised using the conventional field planting method (planting under full film mulch) and the method described in Example 3, respectively. The emergence rate was compared, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0066]

[0067] As can be seen from Table 2, the sugarcane bud in vitro cultivation technology used in this invention avoids adverse factors such as drought in the field during the seedling stage, solves the problems of low emergence rate and uneven seedling vigor and quantity, and ensures the quality, quantity and uniformity of seedlings. Therefore, the emergence rate of seedlings using the method described in this invention is much higher than that of the field planting method.

[0068] This invention is not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and equivalents of this invention, and all such modifications fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content, characterized in that, At least the following steps are included: (1) Cut the sugarcane seed stalks and buds into sections 3.5-4.5cm long, soak them in water to disinfect them, then place them in a tray, cover them with film for cultivation, and remove the film after the seedlings emerge uniformly; (2) When the fourth true leaf of the sugarcane seedling is fully expanded, cut the leaves until the heart leaf has no trumpet opening and it is not conducive to the dripping of medicine into the heart leaf. After the cut heals and shrinks, spray the bud inhibitor so that the bud inhibitor flows along the veins of the first three true leaves to the primordia of the second and third tillers, inhibiting the growth of the second and third tillers, and does not flow into the heart leaf. After the sixth fully expanded leaf appears, cut the leaves a second time. Harden off the seedlings after each leaf pruning; (3) After the seedlings have been hardened off after two leaf prunings, the strong seedlings are transplanted to the sugarcane field; (4) When the sugarcane seedlings enter the early stage of elongation and are about to close the canopy, remove the film, apply fertilizer and pesticides, and mound soil, or do not remove the film until harvest.

2. The method for cultivating sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content according to claim 1, characterized in that, When loading the seedlings into the tray in step (1), place the sugarcane seedlings horizontally with the same orientation, the bud surface facing upwards, and the bud eyes level with or slightly protruding from the seedling tray surface, exposing the sugarcane buds and the ridge surface of the seedling tray holes.

3. The method for cultivating sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content according to claim 1, characterized in that, After loading the tray in step (1), cover it with two layers of mulch film, and evenly cover the middle of the two layers of mulch film with a 15-20cm layer of fluffy and lightweight insulation material.

4. The method for cultivating sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method for hardening seedlings in step (2) is as follows: after cutting the leaves, stop watering, and when the heart leaves are slightly curled or turn yellow, spray a small amount of water. Repeat this process twice and then rehydrate.

5. The method for cultivating sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (3) Apply insecticide one week before transplanting.

6. The method for cultivating sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (3) Spray chlormequat chloride once before transplanting.

7. The method for cultivating sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (3) Before transplanting, cut the leaves down to 2 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the remaining whole leaves.

8. The method for cultivating sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (3) After transplanting, the plant spacing is 20-35cm, and the number of seedlings planted per mu is 5800-7500.

9. The method for cultivating sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before transplanting the sugarcane seedlings in step (3), the sugarcane field is prepared by digging ditches and covering with film to increase temperature and retain water.

10. The method for cultivating sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence, controlled tillering, high yield, and high sugar content according to claim 9, characterized in that, Before transplanting the sugarcane seedlings in step (3), apply organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to the sugarcane field, or intercrop crops with a growth period of 50-100 days.

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