Single-house type equipment for treating rural domestic sewage

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-house type device for treating rural domestic sewage, the single-house type device comprises a biotrickling filtration device and an artificial rapid infiltration device which are vertically arranged, the biotrickling filtration device comprises a water distribution and storage tank, a water distribution pipeline, three filter material layers, a ventilation layer and a water collection tank, the water distribution pipeline is provided with a plurality of water distribution holes, and the water distribution holes are communicated with the artificial rapid infiltration device. The lower end of the water distribution pipeline is sequentially connected with three filter material layers, a ventilation layer is arranged between every two adjacent filter material layers, a sludge outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the water collection tank, a water outlet pipe is arranged at the top of the water collection tank, and the water outlet pipe is connected to an artificial rapid infiltration device; according to the invention, a single-household type treatment mode is adopted, the system is directly connected to a peasant household pipeline, a sewage pipe network does not need to be additionally laid, and the problem of cost waste caused by pipeline re-laying in rural domestic sewage treatment is solved; design can be carried out as required according to different water consumption, and resource waste is avoided; an artificial rapid infiltration device is added as a supplement of an anaerobic environment, so that a better total nitrogen removal effect can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly to a single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage. Background Art

[0002] The collection and treatment of rural domestic sewage are important factors for ensuring water quality in rural areas of China; there are mainly two modes for treating rural domestic sewage, namely centralized treatment and decentralized treatment. At present, through extensive research, it has been proven that decentralized treatment is more suitable for rural areas; however, even the decentralized treatment mode has the problem of excessively high pipeline laying costs.

[0003] In terms of sewage treatment technology, as a biofilm technology, the biological trickling filter device treats sewage by means of a microbial film formed by microorganisms on the surface of the filter media; this technology has a significant removal efficiency for ammonia nitrogen and COD pollutants in sewage, operates stably, has low energy consumption, and has the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection; however, the biological trickling filter device lacks an anaerobic environment, resulting in poor total nitrogen removal effect; while the artificial rapid infiltration device treats sewage by simulating the self-purification process of soil by putting a certain density of fillers in the device; the microbial film on the fillers in this system is always in an anaerobic environment, and has a good total nitrogen elimination effect, and can be used in combination with the biological trickling filter device to make up for the deficiency of the biological trickling filter device in total nitrogen removal.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN11039579 discloses a high-ventilation biological trickling filter module reactor and a high-ventilation biological trickling filter reaction system. The module reactor includes a reactor box body, a transverse rib assembly, and an open ventilation part. Sewage enters the biological reaction area inside the reactor box body from the upper part, is absorbed and degraded by the microorganisms in the filter media, and the treated water flows out from the bottom. This system consists of modular treatment areas, and can be manufactured standardized in large-scale applications, reducing costs. However, its system composition is relatively single, it is difficult to control the hydraulic retention time of the system, which is not conducive to the removal of pollutants.

[0005] The utility model patent with the authorization announcement number CN209989214U discloses a biological trickling filter device, which includes a reservoir for storing rural sewage, a sewage treatment tower, and a water pump for pumping the rural sewage in the reservoir above the sewage treatment tower. The rural sewage is sprayed out from the sprinkler, and the trickling rural sewage sequentially passes through the aerobic section, the anoxic section, and the phosphorus removal section for denitrification and phosphorus removal, and the treated water is discharged through the drain pipe. This device is simple to assemble and has a small floor area, but the system sludge discharge is not considered in the whole device. If too much sludge accumulates in the system, it will affect the effluent water quality.

[0006] For this purpose, a single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage is proposed, and a single-household treatment device mode is proposed, which is directly connected to the pipeline of the farmer's family without the need to re-lay the pipe network, greatly reducing the cost of sewage treatment and solving the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage in view of the above problems. The present invention oxygenates the system by natural ventilation, without an aeration device, without additional power consumption, reducing the civil engineering cost and the cost of laying aeration pipes in the system; adopting a single-household treatment mode, directly connecting to the pipeline of the farmer's family, without the need to lay additional sewage pipe networks, and solving the problem of waste of costs caused by re-laying pipelines in rural domestic sewage treatment; and the single-household mode can be designed according to the different water consumption of each household to avoid waste of resources; adding an artificial rapid infiltration device as a supplement to the anaerobic environment, and in the influent test experiment, a good total nitrogen removal effect can be obtained. In order to achieve the above invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage is provided, including a biological trickling filter device and an artificial rapid infiltration device. The biological trickling filter device and the artificial rapid infiltration device are arranged vertically, and the biological trickling filter device is located above the artificial rapid infiltration device. The biological trickling filter device includes a water distribution storage tank, a water distribution pipe, three filter media layers, a ventilation layer and a collection tank, and are arranged vertically in sequence. The water distribution storage tank is located at the uppermost end, and a water distribution pipe is connected to the water distribution storage tank. A plurality of water distribution holes are opened on the water distribution pipe. The lower end of the water distribution pipe is sequentially connected to three filter media layers, and a ventilation layer is provided between adjacent two filter media layers. A plurality of ventilation holes are provided on each ventilation layer. The collection tank is connected to the lowermost filter media layer. A sludge discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the collection tank, and a water discharge pipe is provided at the top of the collection tank. The water discharge pipe is connected to the artificial rapid infiltration device.

[0009] Preferably, the artificial rapid infiltration device includes a first filler unit, a second filler unit and an effluent sedimentation unit, and are arranged horizontally in sequence. An influent pipe is provided at the upper end of the first filler unit. The first filler unit is located below the collection tank, and the water discharge pipe of the collection tank is connected to the influent pipe through a water pipe. A drain pipe is provided above the right side of the effluent sedimentation unit, and a sludge discharge pipe is provided at the lower right side. The drain pipe is flush with the effluent line of the second filler unit.

[0010] Preferably, the inner bottom surface of the water distribution storage tank is 3-5 cm lower than the bottom edge of the water distribution pipe, and the water discharge line of the water distribution storage tank coincides with the water inlet line of the water distribution pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the diameters of the plurality of water distribution holes are arranged in ascending order from small to large, and the diameter of the water distribution hole closer to the water distribution storage tank is smaller.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of square air extraction holes are provided on the side surface of each filter material layer.

[0013] Preferably, the plurality of air extraction holes on the side surface of each filter material layer are arranged in three rows and four columns, and the length and width of each air extraction hole are both 1.25 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the three filter material layers can be divided into an upper filter material layer, a middle filter material layer and a lower filter material layer. The filter materials in the filter material layer are bamboo charcoal biochar and denitrification and phosphorus removal fillers doped with zeolite, fly ash and coal gasification slag, and are placed separately or mixed in each layer.

[0015] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. For a single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage described in the present invention, by adopting natural ventilation for oxygen supply to the system, there is no need for an aeration device, no additional power consumption, reducing the civil engineering cost and the cost of laying aeration pipelines in the system; by setting an inlet water storage tank at the inlet, it can not only adjust the inlet water flow according to the volatility of rural domestic sewage discharge, but also have a primary sedimentation function to prevent the suspension in the sewage from entering the system and causing blockage; adopting a single-household treatment mode, directly connecting to the household pipeline without the need for additional laying of sewage pipelines, solving the problem of waste of costs caused by re-laying pipelines in rural domestic sewage treatment; and the single-household mode can be designed according to the different water consumption of each household to avoid waste of resources; adding an artificial rapid infiltration device as a supplement to the anaerobic environment can obtain a better total nitrogen removal effect in the inlet water test experiment.

[0017] 2. For a single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage described in the present invention, through the air extraction holes provided in the filter material layer of the biological trickling filter device, it can not only further enhance the natural ventilation of the biological trickling filter device system, but also the hollow oxygen supply method can further reduce energy consumption, strengthen the gas exchange of the entire device, and prevent the carbon dioxide produced during the aerobic respiration of microorganisms from accumulating in the device and affecting the microbial activity.

[0018] 3. For a single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage described in the present invention, starting from the selection of fillers, the bamboo charcoal biochar filler can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of the system, and the sulfur autotrophic denitrification filler can autotrophically provide the additional carbon source required for denitrification, avoiding the carbon emission problem caused by adding an external carbon source; in terms of process, the biological trickling filter device operating without power can avoid carbon emissions generated by electricity consumption, and the artificial rapid infiltration system is considered by many studies to be a treatment system with less greenhouse gas emissions, thereby reducing the overall carbon emissions of the present invention. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a front view and a top view of the combination of the water distribution pipeline and the water storage tank of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the air extraction holes of the biological trickling filter device of the present invention;

[0022] In the drawings, 1. water storage tank for water distribution; 2. water distribution pipeline; 3. upper filter material layer; 4. ventilation layer; 5. middle filter material layer; 6. lower filter material layer; 7. sludge discharge pipe; 8. water outlet pipe; 9. water inlet pipe; 10. first packing unit; 11. second packing unit; 12. drain pipe; 13. sludge discharge pipe; 14. water outlet sedimentation unit; 15. ventilation hole; 16. water collection tank; 17. water distribution hole; 18. air extraction hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the following gives preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings and further elaborates on the present invention in detail. However, it should be noted that many details listed in the specification are only for enabling the reader to have a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the invention, and these aspects of the present invention can be realized even without these specific details.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the present invention provides a single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage, and the technical solutions are as follows:

[0025] It includes a biological trickling filter device and an artificial rapid infiltration device. The biological trickling filter device and the artificial rapid infiltration device are arranged vertically, and the biological trickling filter device is located above the artificial rapid infiltration device. The biological trickling filter device includes a water storage tank 1 for water distribution, a water distribution pipeline 2, three filter material layers, a ventilation layer 4 and a water collection tank 16, and they are arranged vertically in sequence. The water storage tank 1 for water distribution is located at the uppermost end, and a water distribution pipeline 2 is connected to the water storage tank 1 for water distribution. A plurality of water distribution holes 17 are opened on the water distribution pipeline 2. The lower end of the water distribution pipeline 2 is sequentially connected to three filter material layers, and a ventilation layer 4 is provided between adjacent two filter material layers. A plurality of ventilation holes 15 are provided on each ventilation layer 4. The top and bottom of each ventilation layer 4 are uniform velocity filter plates with a pore diameter of 1 nm to further distribute the influent water. The water collection tank 16 is connected to the lowermost filter material layer. A sludge discharge pipe 7 is provided at the bottom of the water collection tank 16, and a water outlet pipe 8 is provided at the top of the water collection tank 16. The water outlet pipe 8 is connected to the artificial rapid infiltration device.

[0026] In view of the fluctuation of the influent water of rural domestic sewage, a water storage tank 1 for water distribution is arranged at the influent to adjust the flow rate, so as to avoid the instantaneous influent water flow rate being too large or too small;

[0027] A water collection system, namely a water collection tank 16, is provided at the bottom of the biotrickling filter device. A sludge discharge pipe 7 is provided at the bottom of the water collection tank 16, and a water discharge pipe 8 with a length of 2 cm is provided at the top and connected to the rapid infiltration device. The valve of the sludge discharge pipe 7 is in a closed state during daily use. When there is too much suspended sludge in the water collection system, the valve can be opened to discharge the sludge to prevent the suspended sludge from blocking the water discharge pipe 8. During daily use, after the water treated by the biotrickling filter device flows through the last filter layer, it is deposited in the water collection system. During the deposition process, the detached biofilm and suspended matter that may be carried in the water will fall to the bottom of the water collection system. The clarified water overflows after reaching the water outlet line of the water discharge pipe 8 as it accumulates, ensuring that the water flowing into the rapid infiltration device has as few suspended matters as possible and preventing the rapid infiltration device from being blocked. The water collection system can also avoid the impact of high flow rate and high load on the treatment effect caused by the direct inflow of the water discharged from the biotrickling filter device into the rapid infiltration device.

[0028] The inner bottom surface of the water distribution storage tank 1 is 3 - 5 cm lower than the bottom edge of the water distribution pipe 2, and the water outlet line of the water distribution storage tank 1 coincides with the water inlet line of the water distribution pipe 2, so that the water discharged from the water distribution storage tank 1 can be evenly distributed into each water distribution pipe 2.

[0029] The diameters of the multiple water distribution holes 17 are arranged in ascending order from small to large, and the diameter of the water distribution hole 17 closer to the water distribution storage tank 1 is smaller, so that the influent water can be evenly distributed into the trickling filter system.

[0030] The water pressure near the water outlet line of the water distribution storage tank 1 is relatively high, and it is necessary to limit the influent water volume by reducing the aperture of the front end of the water distribution pipe 2. Otherwise, the raw influent water will only enter the system from the front end port, resulting in a short - circuit phenomenon. As the pipeline extends, the water pressure gradually decreases. At this time, by increasing the aperture of the rear end, the pressure loss can be compensated, so as to ensure that the water discharge volume of each water distribution hole 17 along the way is uniform and reduce the "dead zone" caused by insufficient water volume in local areas.

[0031] The small holes at the front end prevent the biofilm from falling off due to the impact of water flow under high pressure on the packing; the large holes at the rear end prevent the water volume from being too small due to insufficient pressure, avoiding the drying of the packing and the decline of microbial activity.

[0032] The differential design can balance the flow velocity of each hole. The small holes at the front end may be more likely to wash away impurities due to the higher flow velocity, but combined with the stable water discharge of the large holes at the rear end, the deposition risk of suspended matters in the pipeline can be further reduced as a whole.

[0033] After the sewage enters the water distribution storage tank 1 and undergoes sedimentation, when the water volume is sufficient to reach the water outlet line, it overflows into each water distribution pipe 2; there is a certain height difference between the water outlet line of the water distribution storage tank 1 and the water distribution pipe 2, thus providing a certain pressure; when the sewage enters the water distribution pipe 2, the initial water pressure is relatively high, but the aperture of the water distribution holes 17 in the initial section is relatively small, which limits the water outlet flow rate. The water flow will continue to extend forward to find the water outlet holes. At this time, the water pressure gradually decreases due to friction and diversion. Here, the aperture of the water distribution holes 17 gradually increases to compensate for the pressure loss and maintain the water outlet volume in the middle section close to that at the front end; the water pressure at the end of the pipe is the lowest, and the aperture of the water distribution holes 17 at the end should be the largest to offset the pressure attenuation; the differential aperture design balances the pressure loss along the pipe through the gradient change of "small in the front and large in the back". Even if the pipe length is relatively long, it can ensure that the water outlet volume of each water distribution hole 17 is close to uniform, avoiding the phenomena of "flooding at the front end" and "drought at the end".

[0034] In the past, in the design of integrated equipment for rural domestic sewage, less consideration was given to the problem of uneven water inlet caused by the relatively small water inlet volume in the single-household mode. Although the unified aperture design of the water distribution holes 17 simplifies the construction, it may lead to a decline in the overall treatment efficiency due to uneven hydraulic distribution; for this single-household equipment, in areas with terrain elevation differences, water can enter without an inlet water pump. When there is no inlet water pump to provide pressure, the unified aperture of the water distribution holes 17 will further cause uneven water distribution. In the case of low inlet water pressure and low flow rate, the differential aperture design of the water distribution holes 17 has more advantages.

[0035] A plurality of square air extraction holes 18 are provided on the side surface of each filter material layer. The plurality of air extraction holes 18 on the side surface of each filter material layer are arranged in three rows and four columns, and the length and width of each air extraction hole 18 are both 1.25 cm, and the distance between adjacent two air extraction holes 18 is 4.5 - 5 cm.

[0036] The biological trickling filter device mainly provides the environment required for aerobic reactions. To ensure sufficient oxygen supply environment in the biological trickling filter device system, a plurality of air extraction holes 18 are left hollow on the side surface of each filter material layer of the biological trickling filter device; the number of air extraction holes 18 can be appropriately increased as the volume of the filter material layer increases. The distance between each two air extraction holes 18 is about one centimeter, which can achieve a better ventilation effect; at the same time, a hollow ventilation layer 4 is provided in a staggered manner between every two filter material layers to form an air interlayer and promote the air flow in the vertical direction.

[0037] The biotrickling filter device has a total of three filter media layers, and the parameters of each filter media layer are length × width × height = 200 mm × 200 mm × 300 mm; on the left and right sides of each filter media layer, three rows and four columns of hollow air extraction holes 18 are left, and the specific parameters are length × width = 12.5 mm × 12.5 mm; a ventilation layer 4 with a height of 5 cm is arranged between every two filter media layers; the ventilation layer 4 is mainly composed of 14 ventilation holes 15 with a diameter of 4 cm, and the distribution form is that four ventilation holes 15 are arranged on the front and back sides respectively, and three ventilation holes 15 are arranged on the left and right sides respectively, so as to form an air interlayer here, and cooperate with the air extraction holes 18 to supply oxygen to the biotrickling filter device;

[0038] By leaving three rows and four columns of square ventilation holes 15 on the side of the three filter media placement layers and arranging a ventilation layer 4 between every two of the three filter media layers, natural ventilation and oxygen supply are carried out for the entire biotrickling filter device system, which has certain advantages:

[0039] Carry out multi-level uniform ventilation: The multi-row square ventilation holes 15 arranged on the side of each filter media layer can form ventilation and oxygen supply at different heights in the horizontal direction in each filter media layer, avoiding local hypoxia; at the same time, the overhead ventilation layer 4 between every two filter media layers can form an air interlayer, use the vertical space to form an air flow channel, enhance the longitudinal diffusion ability of air, and reduce the flow resistance;

[0040] The ventilation system design can strengthen the natural air extraction effect. The principle is that due to the internal and external temperature difference and air pressure difference caused by the heat generated by the microbial degradation of organic matter in the filter media layer, the air is driven to enter from the bottom ventilation holes 15, flow upward through the ventilation layer 4, form a "thermal chimney effect", continuously supply oxygen and discharge waste gases such as CO2 in the biotrickling filter device system;

[0041] Among them, the specific working process of the porous air inlet and interlayer air extraction structure of the ventilation system is as follows:

[0042] External air enters the system through the ventilation holes 15 on the side of the filter media layer. The densely and evenly distributed ventilation holes 15 enable the air to cover the entire cross-section of the filter media layer; after the air enters, due to the heat generated by the microbial activities in the filter media layer (or environmental temperature difference), the internal air temperature is higher than the external, forming a thermal pressure difference. The hot air flows upward through the interlayer ventilation layer 4, forming a natural air extraction effect, continuously inhaling fresh air and discharging waste gases; the intake air flow diffuses in the pores of the filter media, oxygen dissolves in the sewage liquid film, and is utilized by the aerobic microorganisms attached to the surface of the filter media. The metabolized CO2 and other gases escape from the top of the system with the upward air flow, avoiding gas accumulation from affecting the microbial activity; the core of the operation of this system is to use the thermal pressure difference to drive the air flow to ensure the uniform distribution of oxygen and full contact with microorganisms;

[0043] With Figures 1 - 3For example, the artificial rapid infiltration device consists of a cuboid pool body divided into three compartments; it is divided into a first packing unit 10, a second packing unit 11, and an effluent sedimentation unit 14; compared with the commonly used constructed wetland system, the artificial rapid infiltration device does not require planting plants, and its construction cost and maintenance cost are lower; in the present invention, the artificial rapid infiltration device is selected as the advanced treatment of the effluent of the biotrickling filter device to fill the gap of the lack of anaerobic reaction environment in single-household equipment; after the sewage is treated by aerobic reaction in the biotrickling filter device, the ammonia nitrogen and COD values in the water will be significantly reduced, but the reduction of the total nitrogen index requires an anaerobic environment for a sufficient long time to remove. The artificial rapid infiltration device described in the present invention does not require plants to provide additional oxygen, and the design without plants avoids problems such as plant root blockage and seasonal withering, reducing the maintenance frequency. Adopting a submerged water inlet treatment method to form an anaerobic / anoxic environment in the system, mainly through the synergistic action of filter media interception adsorption and anaerobic microorganism degradation to deeply treat the effluent of the biotrickling filter device. The anaerobic / anoxic environment in the artificial rapid infiltration device can better ensure the progress of the denitrification reaction and achieve nitrogen removal. The anaerobic microorganisms attached to the surface of the filter media degrade organic matter, and at the same time, denitrifying bacteria use nitrate as an electron acceptor for nitrogen removal. The active components in the filter media adsorb or precipitate pollutants such as phosphorus and heavy metals. Thus, deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal are achieved in the artificial rapid infiltration device to ensure that the effluent meets the standards. The filter media layer of the artificial rapid infiltration device has a high buffering capacity and can cope with the fluctuations of rural sewage volume and water quality (such as the sudden increase in load caused by the increase in population during holidays), and the types and thicknesses of the filter media can be adjusted according to the water quality target, facilitating process upgrading.

[0044] The three filter media layers can be divided into an upper filter media layer 3, a middle filter media layer 5, and a lower filter media layer 6. The filter media in the filter media layer is bamboo charcoal biochar and a nitrogen and phosphorus removal filler doped with zeolite, fly ash, and coal gasification slag, and each layer can be placed separately or mixed.

[0045] Among them, the upper filter media layer 3 is placed with bamboo charcoal biochar alone to further filter and purify the influent; at the same time, the selection of biochar filter media can reduce the emission of N2O during the nitrogen and phosphorus removal process, reduce the greenhouse effect, and contribute to the low-carbon operation of the equipment;

[0046] The middle filter media layer 5 is placed with bamboo charcoal biochar and the aforementioned nitrogen and phosphorus removal filler in combination. The combination of biochar filter media and other filter media can accelerate the film formation efficiency of the overall system and improve the pollutant removal efficiency of the system;

[0047] The lower filter media layer 6 is placed with the aforementioned nitrogen and phosphorus removal filler alone; according to the relevant experiments on this filler in the early stage, it is found that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and film formation efficiency of this filler are better than those of ordinary fillers. Placing this filler alone can further improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the biotrickling filter device and increase the biofilm density of the biotrickling filter device;

[0048] The artificial rapid infiltration device includes a first filler unit 10, a second filler unit 11, and an effluent sedimentation unit 14, which are arranged horizontally in sequence. An inlet pipe 9 is provided at the upper end of the first filler unit 10. The first filler unit 10 is located at the lower end of the water collection tank 16, and the outlet pipe 8 of the water collection tank 16 is connected to the inlet pipe 9 through a water pipe. A drain pipe 12 is provided above the right side of the effluent sedimentation unit 14, and a sludge discharge pipe 13 is provided at the lower right side. The drain pipe 12 is flush with the effluent line of the second filler unit 11.

[0049] The filler of the first filler unit 10 is selected as sulfur autotrophic denitrification filler; the sulfur autotrophic denitrification filler is placed at the inlet of the artificial rapid infiltration device, which can not only complete the denitrification process well, but also supplement the carbon source lost after the sewage flows through the biological trickling filter device, and provide electrons for the denitrification process.

[0050] The second filler unit 11 selects a denitrification and phosphorus removal filler doped with zeolite, fly ash and coal gasification slag; this filler is placed in the last filler area of the whole treatment system, aiming to further remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the sewage. The main process in this filler area is the further adsorption of phosphorus by the filler to improve the effluent quality. Specific embodiments:

[0052] As Figure 1 shown, a single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage disclosed by the present invention includes a biological trickling filter device composed of a water distribution storage tank 1, a water distribution pipe 2, a filter media layer, a ventilation layer 4, a sludge discharge pipe 7, and an outlet pipe 8, and an artificial rapid infiltration device composed of an inlet pipe 9, a first filler unit 10, a second filler unit 11, a drain pipe 12, and a sludge discharge pipe 13; the biological trickling filter device is divided into three layers by the ventilation layer 4, and different filter media are stacked on each layer. The upper filter media layer 3 is stacked with bamboo charcoal biochar filter media, the middle filter media layer 5 is a combination of bamboo charcoal biochar filter media and the aforementioned denitrification and phosphorus removal filler, and the lower filter media layer 6 is separately stacked with the aforementioned denitrification and phosphorus removal filler; both the top and bottom of each filter media layer are uniform velocity filter plates with water passing holes of specific apertures, which can further distribute the influent; the outlet pipe 8 is connected to the inlet pipe 9; the filler selected for the first filler unit 10 is sulfur autotrophic denitrification filler, the filler selected for the second filler unit 11 is the aforementioned denitrification and phosphorus removal filler, and an effluent sedimentation unit 14 is arranged at the end. The effluent is discharged from the outlet pipe 8 at the top of the effluent sedimentation area. When sludge needs to be discharged, the sediment at the bottom of the sedimentation is discharged from the sludge discharge pipe 13.

[0053] Specific process: After rural domestic sewage enters the water distribution storage tank 1, primary sedimentation treatment is carried out. The supernatant overflows from the outlet line into the water distribution pipeline 2 with the pore size arranged from small to large, and the sewage is evenly distributed into the filter media layer; the sewage first passes through the upper filter media layer 3 of bamboo charcoal biochar for further purification and filtration, and then is further split into the middle filter media layer 5 and the lower filter media layer 6 through the uniform filter plate with water passing holes at the bottom of the upper filter media layer 3; the effluent of the biotrickling filter device is finally collected by the bottom water collection system. After the effluent is precipitated, the supernatant flows into the constructed rapid infiltration device through the connection of the outlet pipe 8 and the inlet pipe 9. The effluent treated by the biotrickling filter device flows through the first packing unit 10 and the second packing unit 11 in sequence. Finally, after the effluent is precipitated in the effluent sedimentation unit 14 of the constructed rapid infiltration device, the supernatant is discharged from the outlet pipe 8.

[0054] The biotrickling filter device is set as a columnar shape with dimensions of length × width × height = 200mm × 200mm × 1100mm, and the constructed rapid infiltration device is set as a cuboid shape with dimensions of length × width × height = 700mm × 300mm × 250mm. The constructed rapid infiltration device is in a buried form, and the overall device covers an area of 0.04m 2 , with a small overall volume and a small floor area, suitable for small families to use.

[0055] After the exploration experiment on the treatment efficiency of rural domestic sewage inlet water, the following table shows the analysis of the water quality indicators of the influent and effluent:

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] By setting the ventilation layer 4 and leaving air extraction holes 18 on the side of the filter media layer, natural oxygen supply is used to oxygenate the biotrickling filter device, so that the biotrickling filter device is in an aerobic state, thereby enabling the biotrickling filter device to efficiently remove COD and carry out nitrification.

[0059] The above is only the preferred implementation manner of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage, characterized in that, Including: A biotrickling filter device and an artificial rapid infiltration device. The biotrickling filter device and the artificial rapid infiltration device are arranged vertically, and the biotrickling filter device is located above the artificial rapid infiltration device. The biotrickling filter device includes a water distribution storage tank (1), a water distribution pipeline (2), three filter media layers, a ventilation layer (4) and a collection tank (16), and are arranged vertically in sequence. The water distribution storage tank (1) is located at the uppermost end, and a water distribution pipeline (2) is connected to the water distribution storage tank (1). A plurality of water distribution holes (17) are opened on the water distribution pipeline (2). The lower end of the water distribution pipeline (2) is sequentially connected to three filter media layers, and a ventilation layer (4) is provided between adjacent two filter media layers. A plurality of ventilation holes (15) are provided on each ventilation layer (4). The collection tank (16) is connected to the lowermost filter media layer. A sludge discharge pipe (7) is provided at the bottom of the collection tank (16), and a water discharge pipe (8) is provided at the top of the collection tank (16). The water discharge pipe (8) is connected to the artificial rapid infiltration device.

2. The single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial rapid infiltration device includes a first filler unit (10), a second filler unit (11) and a water outlet sedimentation unit (14), and are arranged horizontally in sequence. A water inlet pipe (9) is provided at the upper end of the first filler unit (10). The first filler unit (10) is located below the collection tank (16), and the water discharge pipe (8) of the collection tank (16) is connected to the water inlet pipe (9) through a water pipe. A drain pipe (12) is provided above the right side of the water outlet sedimentation unit (14), and a sludge discharge pipe (13) is provided at the lower right side. The drain pipe (12) is flush with the water outlet line of the second filler unit (11).

3. The single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein: The inner bottom surface of the water distribution storage tank (1) is 3 - 5 cm lower than the bottom edge of the water distribution pipeline (2), and the water outlet line of the water distribution storage tank (1) coincides with the water inlet line of the water distribution pipeline (2).

4. The single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameters of a plurality of the water distribution holes (17) are arranged from small to large in sequence, and the diameter of the water distribution hole (17) closer to the water distribution storage tank (1) is smaller.

5. The single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of square air extraction holes (18) are provided on the side surface of each filter media layer.

6. The single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of the air extraction holes (18) on the side surface of each filter media layer are arranged in three rows and four columns, and the length and width of each air extraction hole (18) are both 1.25 cm.

7. A single-household device for treating rural domestic sewage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The three filter media layers can be divided into an upper filter media layer (3), a middle filter media layer (5) and a lower filter media layer (6). The filter media in the filter media layer is bamboo charcoal biochar and a denitrification and phosphorus removal filler doped with zeolite, fly ash and coal gasification slag, which can be placed separately or mixed in each layer.

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