Organic fertilizer preparation method based on resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes

Abstract

The invention provides an organic fertilizer preparation method based on resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, and relates to the technical field of resource utilization of wastes, and the organic fertilizer preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: collecting diversified agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, pretreating the agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, putting the pretreated wastes into a fermentation environment, collecting environmental parameters and material parameters in a fermentation environment in real time, and calculating a nutrient balance index, an environmental adaptability index and a processing efficiency index; combining the nutrient balance index, the environmental adaptability index and the processing efficiency index to construct an organic fertilizer production evaluation model, outputting a fermentation quality index by using the model, and determining the weight of the organic fertilizer production evaluation model through an analytic hierarchy process; fermentation evaluation indexes corresponding to different fermentation stages are set, the fermentation quality index is compared with the fermentation evaluation indexes, the current organic fertilizer production effect is evaluated according to the comparison result, management decisions are guided, and agricultural sustainable development is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste resource utilization, and particularly to a method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, the generation amount of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes increases year by year, including crop straws, livestock and poultry manures, and plant residues, etc. If they are not effectively treated, it often leads to environmental pollution and resource waste. Traditional treatment methods mainly rely on incineration and landfill, but this way not only cannot fully utilize the nutritional value of the wastes, but also releases a large amount of greenhouse gases and harmful substances, causing air and soil pollution. In addition, the technical level of agricultural and animal husbandry waste treatment in many regions is relatively low, lacking systematic and standardized management, resulting in low effective recycling rate of resources.

[0003] There are a series of deficiencies in the existing organic fertilizer preparation technologies during the fermentation process. First of all, many production methods do not pay enough attention to the selection and pretreatment process of raw materials, and cannot give full play to the potential value of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, thus affecting the nutrient content and fertilizer efficiency of the final product. Secondly, the environmental parameters during the fermentation process, such as temperature, humidity, and oxygen content, lack real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment, resulting in unstable fermentation quality, and ultimately may lead to unqualified product quality. In addition, the existing technologies often only focus on the optimization of a single parameter, while ignoring the comprehensive evaluation of nutrient balance, environmental adaptability and treatment efficiency, which makes it difficult to achieve the best microbial activity and nutrient conversion efficiency during the fermentation process, thus restricting the production efficiency and use effect of organic fertilizers. These technical shortcomings not only affect the resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, but also restrict the development of sustainable agriculture to a certain extent.

[0004] The above information disclosed in the background art section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, so it may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, the specific steps include:

[0008] Step S1: Collect diverse agricultural and pastoral wastes, pre-treat the agricultural and pastoral wastes, put the pre-treated wastes into a fermentation environment, add microbial inoculants and water thereto, and adjust the initial moisture content to within 50%-60%. Real-time collect the environmental parameters and material parameters in the fermentation environment. The environmental parameters include average temperature, average humidity, oxygen content, and pH value. The material parameters include the total mass of agricultural and pastoral wastes, the relative content of nitrogen, the relative content of phosphorus, and the relative content of potassium.

[0009] Step S2: Calculate the nutrient balance index according to the relative content of nitrogen, the relative content of phosphorus, and the relative content of potassium after dimensionless treatment. Calculate the environmental adaptability index according to the average temperature, average humidity, oxygen content, and pH value after dimensionless treatment. Calculate the treatment efficiency index according to the relative content of nitrogen, the relative content of phosphorus, the relative content of potassium, and the total mass of agricultural and pastoral wastes after dimensionless treatment.

[0010] Step S3: Combine the nutrient balance index, the environmental adaptability index, and the treatment efficiency index to construct an organic fertilizer production evaluation model, and use the model to output the fermentation quality index. The weights of the organic fertilizer production evaluation model are determined by the analytic hierarchy process.

[0011] Step S4: Set the fermentation evaluation index corresponding to different fermentation stages, compare the fermentation quality index with the fermentation evaluation index, and evaluate the current organic fertilizer production effect according to the comparison result, and guide the management decision-making.

[0012] Further, the diverse agricultural and pastoral wastes specifically include: crop straws, livestock and poultry manures, and plant residues.

[0013] The pre-treatment specifically includes: classifying and cleaning the agricultural and pastoral wastes to remove impurities, crushing the crop straws and plant residues to 2-3 cm, and mechanically dewatering the livestock and poultry manures to control their moisture content between 60%-70%. Finally, evenly mix the crushed raw materials in a ratio of 1:1:1, and weigh the pre-treated agricultural and pastoral wastes as the total mass of agricultural and pastoral wastes, denoted as G.

[0014] The addition amount of the microbial inoculant is 1%-3% of the total mass of agricultural and pastoral wastes. The microbial inoculant specifically includes Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, and actinomycetes, and the three microbial inoculants are added in equal proportions.

[0015] Further, the specific logic for collecting the relative content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is: collect the visible-near-infrared spectral images of agricultural and pastoral wastes, extract the reflectance data of the key bands from the spectral images, and calculate the relative content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the agricultural and pastoral wastes according to the reflection wave data respectively.

[0016] The relative content of nitrogen is calculated based on the reflected wave data, and the formula is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Wherein, N is the relative content of nitrogen, and R N is the reflectance at the 970 nm band, and R green is the reflectance at the 550 nm band, and k N is a constant used to reflect the influence of nitrogen content on the reflectance ratio;

[0019] The relative content of phosphorus is calculated based on the reflected wave data, and the formula is as follows:

[0020]

[0021] Wherein, P is the relative content of phosphorus, and R P is the reflectance at the 520 nm band, and R green is the reflectance at the 550 nm band, and k P is a constant used to reflect the influence of phosphorus content on the reflectance ratio;

[0022] The relative content of potassium is calculated based on the reflected wave data, and the formula is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Wherein, K is the relative content of potassium, and P K is the reflectance at the 850 nm band, and R green is the reflectance at the 550 nm band, and k K is a constant used to reflect the influence of potassium content on the reflectance ratio;

[0025] Using a sensor, the temperature, humidity, oxygen content, and pH value of the fermentation environment are collected three times, and their average values are taken as the average temperature, average humidity, oxygen content, and pH value of the fermentation environment. The average temperature is denoted as T, the average humidity is denoted as S, the oxygen content is denoted as O, and the pH value is denoted as pH.

[0026] Furthermore, the nutrient balance index is calculated, and the formula is as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Wherein, HEA is the nutrient balance index, N is the relative content of nitrogen, and N ref is the nitrogen content reference threshold, P is the relative content of phosphorus, and P ref is the phosphorus content reference threshold, K is the relative content of potassium, and K ref is the potassium content reference threshold, and α is a preset proportionality coefficient, and α > 0;

[0029] The formula for calculating the environmental adaptability index is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, T adj is the temperature adjustment value, T is the average temperature, T ref is the temperature reference threshold, S adj is the humidity adjustment value, S is the average humidity, S ref is the humidity reference threshold, O adj is the oxygen content adjustment value, O is the oxygen content, O ref is the oxygen content reference threshold, pH adj is the pH adjustment value, pH ref is the pH reference threshold, and EAI is the environmental adaptability index;

[0032] The formula for calculating the treatment efficiency index is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, PEI is the treatment efficiency index, N is the relative content of nitrogen, P is the relative content of phosphorus, K is the relative content of potassium, and G is the total mass of agricultural and pastoral waste.

[0035] Furthermore, by combining the nutrient balance index, the environmental adaptability index, and the treatment efficiency index, an organic fertilizer production evaluation model is constructed. The model expression is:

[0036] ZY = ln(ω1 * HEA + ω2 * EAI + ω3 * PEI + 1)

[0037] In the formula, ZY is the fermentation quality index, HEA is the nutrient balance index, EAI is the environmental adaptability index, PEI is the treatment efficiency index, and ω1, ω2, and ω3 are the weights of the nutrient balance index, the environmental adaptability index, and the treatment efficiency index, respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process.

[0038] Furthermore, the specific logic for determining the weights according to the analytic hierarchy process is as follows:

[0039] The three indicators of the nutrient balance index, the environmental adaptability index, and the treatment efficiency index are marked, and the numerical values of the relative importance between each pair are determined by the nine-scale method to construct a judgment matrix. Among them, the nutrient balance index is marked as 1, the environmental adaptability index is marked as 2, and the treatment efficiency index is marked as 3. The constructed judgment matrix is:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, both f and v represent the indices of exponents, and f ∈ [1, 3], v ∈ [1, 3], b fv represents the importance of the exponent with index f relative to the exponent with index v. The importance is measured using a 1 - 9 scale method, and b fv The larger the value, the greater the importance of the exponent with index f compared to the exponent with index v, and

[0042] Divide each element value in the judgment matrix by the sum of its column to obtain a normalized judgment matrix. Calculate the mean value of each row element value in the normalized judgment matrix, and take the mean value of the first row element value as the weight of the nutrient balance index, the mean value of the second row element value as the weight of the environmental adaptability index, and the mean value of the third row element value as the weight of the processing efficiency index. With the constraint that the sum of the scaled - down values equals 1, scale the three weights proportionally, and take the scaled - down weights as the proportionality coefficients of the corresponding exponents.

[0043] Furthermore, set the fermentation evaluation indices corresponding to different fermentation stages. Set the fermentation evaluation indices for the initial stage, middle stage, and later stage as E1, E2, and E3 respectively. Compare the calculated fermentation quality index with the fermentation evaluation index of the corresponding stage:

[0044] If ZY i ≥ E i , it indicates that the fermentation quality of the current stage meets the standard and the fermentation process is smooth;

[0045] If ZY i < E i , it indicates that the fermentation quality of the current stage does not meet the standard and the fermentation conditions need to be adjusted;

[0046] In the formula, ZY i is the fermentation quality index of the current i - th stage, and E i represents the fermentation evaluation index of the current i - th stage. i is the index of the fermentation stage, and i ∈ {1, 2, 3}.

[0047] Furthermore, the specific logic for adjusting the fermentation conditions is as follows: Collect the current nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and processing efficiency index, and compare them with the corresponding preset thresholds respectively to locate the indices lower than the preset thresholds:

[0048] If HEA is lower than the threshold, it means that the current nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content is insufficient, and microorganisms cannot reproduce and metabolize effectively. At this time, the addition amount of nitrogen source, phosphorus source, or potassium source should be increased;

[0049] If EAI is lower than the threshold, it means that the current fermentation environment is unsuitable, and adjust the temperature, humidity, oxygen content, or pH value;

[0050] If the PEI is lower than the threshold, it means that the nutrient conversion efficiency is low. Check the quality of the raw materials to ensure their freshness and suitability. Replace the raw materials if necessary and increase the dosage of microbial inoculants to improve the activity of microorganisms.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention uses diverse agricultural and livestock wastes as raw materials and, through a systematic pretreatment process, ensures the uniformity and suitability of the raw materials, enabling the reasonable release of key nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This step lays a good foundation for the subsequent fermentation process and ensures the nutritional value of the final product. Secondly, by real-time monitoring of key parameters in the fermentation environment, such as temperature, humidity, oxygen content, and pH value, and combining them with the nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and treatment efficiency index, a scientific evaluation model for organic fertilizer production is established. This model can dynamically adjust conditions during the fermentation process, promptly detect and solve potential problems, thereby optimizing the microbial activity and nutrient conversion efficiency. Finally, the calculation of the fermentation quality index and the comparison of the fermentation evaluation indexes at each stage make the quality control in the production process more refined and effective, ensuring that the final product of the organic fertilizer meets the agricultural use standards. The present invention improves the effective utilization of resources and promotes the sustainable development of agriculture. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0052] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0054] It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second", and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only used to represent relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0055] Embodiment:

[0056] Please refer to Figure 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0057] An organic fertilizer preparation method based on the resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, the specific steps include:

[0058] Step S1: Collect diverse agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, pre-treat the agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, put the pre-treated wastes into a fermentation environment, add a microbial inoculum and water thereto, and adjust the initial moisture content to within 50%-60%, and collect the environmental parameters and material parameters in the fermentation environment in real time. The environmental parameters include average temperature, average humidity, oxygen content and pH value, and the material parameters include the total mass of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, the relative content of nitrogen, the relative content of phosphorus and the relative content of potassium;

[0059] In this embodiment, the diverse agricultural and animal husbandry wastes specifically include: crop straws, livestock and poultry manure, and plant residues;

[0060] The pre-treatment specifically includes: classifying and cleaning the agricultural and animal husbandry wastes to remove impurities, crushing the crop straws and plant residues to 2-3 cm, and mechanically dewatering the livestock and poultry manure to control its moisture content between 60%-70%. Finally, mix the crushed raw materials evenly in a ratio of 1:1:1, and weigh the pre-treated agricultural and animal husbandry wastes as the total mass of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, denoted as G;

[0061] The addition amount of the microbial inoculum is 1%-3% of the total mass of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes. The microbial inoculum specifically includes Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and actinomycetes, and the three microbial inoculums are added in equal proportions.

[0062] The specific logic for collecting the relative contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is: collecting the visible-near infrared spectral images of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, extracting the reflectance data of key bands from the spectral images, and calculating the relative contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the agricultural and animal husbandry wastes respectively according to the reflected wave data:

[0063] The formula for calculating the relative content of nitrogen according to the reflected wave data is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, N is the relative content of nitrogen, R N is the reflectance of the 970 nm band, R green is the reflectance of the 550 nm band, k N is a constant used to reflect the influence of nitrogen content on the reflectance ratio;

[0066] The formula for calculating the relative content of phosphorus according to the reflected wave data is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, P is the relative content of phosphorus, and R P is the reflectance in the 520 nm band, and R green is the reflectance in the 550 nm band, and k P is a constant used to reflect the influence of phosphorus content on the reflectance ratio;

[0069] The relative content of potassium is calculated based on the reflected wave data, and the formula used is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] In the formula, K is the relative content of potassium, and R K is the reflectance in the 850 nm band, and R green is the reflectance in the 550 nm band, and k K is a constant used to reflect the influence of potassium content on the reflectance ratio;

[0072] Using a sensor, the fermentation environment is subjected to three temperature acquisitions, humidity acquisitions, oxygen content acquisitions, and pH value acquisitions, and the average value is taken as the average temperature, average humidity, oxygen content, and pH value of the fermentation environment. The average temperature is denoted as T, the average humidity is denoted as S, the oxygen content is denoted as O, and the pH value is denoted as pH.

[0073] The advantage of step S1 is that through the systematic collection and pretreatment of diversified agricultural and pastoral wastes, the utilization rate and fermentation quality of the wastes can be effectively improved. Compared with the prior art, this step ensures the suitability of the fermentation environment and the microbial activity by precisely controlling the initial moisture content and adding an appropriate amount of microbial inoculum, thus promoting effective nutrient conversion. In addition, the real-time acquisition and monitoring of environmental and material parameters enable the fermentation process to be adjusted in a timely manner, thereby achieving higher treatment efficiency and product quality.

[0074] In the present invention, the promoting effect of step S1 on the overall solution is reflected in improving the production efficiency and quality guarantee of organic fertilizers. Through scientific pretreatment and parameter monitoring, not only can the growth environment of microorganisms be optimized, but also the dynamic management of the fermentation process can be realized, problems can be discovered and adjusted in a timely manner, and the nutrient balance and stability of organic fertilizers can be ensured. This process provides a good foundation for the subsequent steps, ultimately achieving the goal of resource utilization of agricultural and pastoral wastes and promoting the development of sustainable agriculture.

[0075] Step S2: Calculate the nutrient balance index based on the relative contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium after dimensionless processing, calculate the environmental adaptability index based on the average temperature, average humidity, oxygen content, and pH value after dimensionless processing, and calculate the treatment efficiency index based on the relative contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium after dimensionless processing and the total mass of agricultural and pastoral waste;

[0076] In this embodiment, the formula for calculating the nutrient balance index is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula, HEA is the nutrient balance index, N is the relative content of nitrogen, N ref is the nitrogen content reference threshold, P is the relative content of phosphorus, P ref is the phosphorus content reference threshold, K is the relative content of potassium, K ref is the potassium content reference threshold, α is a preset proportionality coefficient, and α > 0;

[0079] A higher HEA value means that the microorganisms grow well, the nutrients are effectively converted and utilized, and thus the quality of organic fertilizer production is promoted; when |N - N ref | increases, it means that the deviation between the relative content of nitrogen and the reference threshold increases, which may lead to nutrient imbalance and affect the metabolism of microorganisms, so HEA will decrease; similarly, when |P - P ref | or |K - K ref | increases, HEA will decrease accordingly; that is to say, |N - N ref |, |P - P ref |, |K - K ref | is negatively correlated with HEA.

[0080] The formula for calculating the environmental adaptability index is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, T adj is the temperature adjustment value, T is the average temperature, T ref is the temperature reference threshold, S adj is the humidity adjustment value, S is the average humidity, S ref is the humidity reference threshold, O adj is the oxygen content adjustment value, O is the oxygen content, O ref is the oxygen content reference threshold, pH adj is the pH adjustment value, pH ref is the pH reference threshold, and EAI is the environmental adaptability index;

[0083] EAI is used to evaluate the adaptability of the environmental conditions to the current fermentation environment. A high EAI value means that the current fermentation can better adapt to environmental changes and maintain good functions and productivity; when T adj increases, it indicates that the deviation between the temperature and the reference threshold increases, which may lead to a decrease in microbial activity and even death, thereby affecting the fermentation efficiency and product quality. Therefore, EAI will decrease accordingly. Similarly, when S adj , O adj or pH adj increases, EAI will also decrease accordingly; that is to say, T adj , S adj , O adj , pH adj are negatively correlated with EAI.

[0084] The formula for calculating the treatment efficiency index is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, PEI is the treatment efficiency index, N is the relative content of nitrogen, P is the relative content of phosphorus, K is the relative content of potassium, and G is the total mass of agricultural and livestock wastes.

[0087] A high PEI value means that in the same mass of waste, the relative contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are relatively high, indicating that the treatment process can more effectively retain and utilize these important nutrients; when N increases, it reflects the good utilization of waste resources and PEI will also increase. Similarly, when P or K increases, PEI increases; that is to say, N, P, and K are positively correlated with PEI.

[0088] The advantage of step S2 is that by dimensionless processing of the relative contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and environmental parameters, the nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and treatment efficiency index can be accurately calculated. This process makes the evaluation of the fermentation environment and material characteristics more scientific and systematic, ensuring that each link in the production of organic fertilizers has clear quantitative indicators. Compared with the prior art, the introduction of this step makes the extraction of information not only rely on empirical judgment but also on data analysis and model calculation, reducing human errors and improving the controllability and reliability of the production process.

[0089] In the present invention, adopting this step can significantly promote the overall scheme. By establishing a scientific evaluation index system, it provides data support for subsequent fermentation quality control and management decision-making. This quantitative evaluation method enables producers to timely discover problems and make adjustments during the fermentation process, thereby optimizing the fermentation effect, improving the production efficiency and quality of organic fertilizers, and ultimately realizing the efficient resource utilization of agricultural and livestock wastes and promoting the development of sustainable agriculture.

[0090] Step S3: Combine the nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and treatment efficiency index to construct an organic fertilizer production evaluation model, and use the model to output the fermentation quality index. The weights of the organic fertilizer production evaluation model are determined by the analytic hierarchy process;

[0091] In this embodiment, the nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and treatment efficiency index are combined to construct an organic fertilizer production evaluation model, and the model expression is:

[0092] ZY = ln(ω1 * HEA + ω2 * EAI + ω3 * PEI + 1)

[0093] In the formula, ZY is the fermentation quality index, HEA is the nutrient balance index, EAI is the environmental adaptability index, PEI is the treatment efficiency index, and ω1, ω2, and ω3 are the weights of the nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and treatment efficiency index respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process.

[0094] ZY is a comprehensive index used to evaluate the effect of the current organic fertilizer production process. When HEA increases, it means that microorganisms grow well and nutrients are effectively converted, and ZY increases; when EAI increases, it indicates that the current fermentation environment is suitable and helps the production of organic fertilizers, and ZY will increase accordingly; when PEI increases, it means that the current treatment process can more effectively retain and utilize important nutrients, which has a promoting effect on the production of organic fertilizers, so ZY will increase; that is, it shows that HEA, EAI, PEI and ZY are positively correlated.

[0095] The specific logic for determining the weights according to the analytic hierarchy process is as follows:

[0096] Mark the three indexes of the nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and treatment efficiency index, and determine the numerical values of the relative importance between each pair through the nine-scale method to construct a judgment matrix. Among them, the nutrient balance index is marked as 1, the environmental adaptability index is marked as 2, and the treatment efficiency index is marked as 3. The constructed judgment matrix is:

[0097]

[0098] Among them, f and v both represent the indexes of the indexes, and f ∈ [1, 3], v ∈ [1, 3], b fv represents the importance degree of the index with index f relative to the index with index v. The importance degree adopts the 1-9 scale method, and b fv The larger the value, the greater the importance degree of the index with index f compared to the index with index v, and

[0099] Divide each element value in the judgment matrix by the sum of its column to obtain a normalized judgment matrix. Calculate the mean value of each row element value in the normalized judgment matrix, use the mean value of the first row element value as the weight of the nutrient balance index, use the mean value of the second row element value as the weight of the environmental adaptability index, and use the mean value of the third row element value as the weight of the processing efficiency index. With the constraint that the sum of the scaled values equals 1, scale the three weights proportionally, and use the scaled weights as the proportionality coefficients of the corresponding indices.

[0100] The advantage of step S3 is that by combining the nutrient balance index, the environmental adaptability index, and the processing efficiency index, a comprehensive organic fertilizer production evaluation model is constructed. This model can comprehensively evaluate the quality of the fermentation process, provide a quantitative fermentation quality index, and effectively reduce the limitations of relying on empirical judgment. Compared with the prior art, the introduction of this step makes the quality control of organic fertilizer production more systematic and scientific. Instead of relying solely on a single indicator, it ensures the high quality and high efficiency of organic fertilizer products through comprehensive analysis from multiple dimensions.

[0101] In the present invention, adopting this step can play a significant promoting role in the overall solution. Through scientific model construction, it not only provides a clear evaluation standard for the production process but also enables real-time monitoring and adjustment of the quality at different fermentation stages. This process ensures that producers can promptly identify potential problems and take effective measures, thereby optimizing resource utilization, improving the production efficiency of organic fertilizers, and ultimately achieving higher economic and environmental benefits and promoting the development of sustainable agriculture.

[0102] Step S4: Set the fermentation evaluation indices corresponding to different fermentation stages, compare the fermentation quality index with the fermentation evaluation indices, and evaluate the current organic fertilizer production effect according to the comparison results to guide management decisions;

[0103] In this embodiment, set the fermentation evaluation indices corresponding to different fermentation stages, and set the fermentation evaluation index in the initial stage, the fermentation evaluation index in the middle stage, and the fermentation evaluation index in the later stage as E1, E2, and E3 respectively. Compare the calculated fermentation quality index with the fermentation evaluation index in the corresponding stage:

[0104] If ZY i ≥E i , it indicates that the fermentation quality in the current stage meets the standard and the fermentation process is smooth;

[0105] If ZY i <E i , it indicates that the fermentation quality in the current stage does not meet the standard and the fermentation conditions need to be adjusted;

[0106] In the formula, ZY iis the fermentation quality index for the current i-th stage, E i represents the fermentation evaluation index for the current i-th stage, where i is the index of the fermentation stage and i ∈ {1, 2, 3}.

[0107] Adjust the fermentation conditions. The specific logic is as follows: Collect the current nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and processing efficiency index, and compare them with the corresponding preset thresholds respectively to locate the indices lower than the preset thresholds:

[0108] If HEA is lower than the threshold, it means that the current nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content is insufficient, and microorganisms cannot reproduce and metabolize effectively. At this time, the addition amount of nitrogen source, phosphorus source, or potassium source should be increased;

[0109] If EAI is lower than the threshold, it means that the current fermentation environment is not suitable, and adjust the temperature, humidity, oxygen content, or pH value;

[0110] If PEI is lower than the threshold, it means that the nutrient conversion efficiency is low. Check the quality of the raw materials to ensure their freshness and suitability. If necessary, replace the raw materials and increase the addition amount of microbial agents to improve the activity of microorganisms.

[0111] The advantage of step S4 is that by setting the evaluation indices for different fermentation stages, dynamic monitoring and management of the fermentation process can be achieved. This method enables producers to compare the fermentation quality index calculated in real time with the fermentation evaluation indices of each stage, so as to timely discover problems and make adjustments. Compared with the existing technology, this way of stage evaluation enhances the flexibility and responsiveness of the fermentation process, and significantly improves the control accuracy and efficiency of the production process.

[0112] In the present invention, adopting this step can play a key promoting role in the overall solution. By establishing clear stage evaluation criteria, producers can take corresponding management measures in different fermentation stages to ensure that the fermentation quality of each stage reaches the expected goal. This can not only optimize the use of resources, improve the production efficiency of organic fertilizers, but also reduce production risks, ensure the quality stability of the final product, and thus promote the further development of sustainable agriculture.

[0113] The above formulas are all dimensionless and take their numerical values for calculation. The formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation to get a formula closest to the real situation. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0114] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0115] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units. They may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0116] As described above, the above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and livestock wastes, characterized in that, The specific steps include: Step S1: Collect diverse agricultural and livestock wastes, pre-treat the agricultural and livestock wastes, place the pre-treated wastes in a fermentation environment, add microbial inoculants and water thereto, and adjust the initial moisture content to within 50%-60%. Real-time collect the environmental parameters and material parameters in the fermentation environment. The environmental parameters include average temperature, average humidity, oxygen content, and pH value. The material parameters include the total mass of agricultural and livestock wastes, the relative content of nitrogen, the relative content of phosphorus, and the relative content of potassium. Step S2: Calculate the nutrient balance index based on the relative content of nitrogen, the relative content of phosphorus, and the relative content of potassium after dimensionless processing. Calculate the environmental adaptability index based on the average temperature, average humidity, oxygen content, and pH value after dimensionless processing. Calculate the treatment efficiency index based on the relative content of nitrogen, the relative content of phosphorus, the relative content of potassium, and the total mass of agricultural and livestock wastes after dimensionless processing. Step S3: Combine the nutrient balance index, the environmental adaptability index, and the treatment efficiency index to construct an organic fertilizer production evaluation model, and use the model to output the fermentation quality index. The weights of the organic fertilizer production evaluation model are determined by the analytic hierarchy process. Step S4: Set the fermentation evaluation index corresponding to different fermentation stages, compare the fermentation quality index with the fermentation evaluation index, and evaluate the current organic fertilizer production effect according to the comparison result, and guide the management decision-making.

2. The method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diverse agricultural and livestock wastes specifically include: crop straws, livestock and poultry manures, and plant residues. The pre-treatment specifically includes: classifying and cleaning the agricultural and livestock wastes to remove impurities, crushing the crop straws and plant residues to 2-3 cm, and mechanically dewatering the livestock and poultry manures to control their moisture content between 60%-70%. Finally, evenly mix the crushed raw materials in a ratio of 1:1:1, and weigh the pre-treated agricultural and livestock wastes as the total mass of agricultural and livestock wastes, denoted as G. The addition amount of the microbial inoculant is 1%-3% of the total mass of agricultural and livestock wastes. The microbial inoculant specifically includes Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, and actinomycetes, and the three microbial inoculants are added in equal proportions.

3. The method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific logic for collecting the relative content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is: collect the visible-near infrared spectral images of agricultural and livestock wastes, extract the reflectance data of the key bands from the spectral images, and calculate the relative content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the agricultural and livestock wastes respectively according to the reflection wave data: The formula for calculating the relative content of nitrogen according to the reflection wave data is as follows: Where N is the relative content of nitrogen, R N is the reflectance at the 970 nm band, R green is the reflectance at the 550 nm band, k N is a constant used to reflect the influence of nitrogen content on the reflectance ratio; The formula for calculating the relative content of phosphorus according to the reflection wave data is as follows: Wherein, P is the relative content of phosphorus, and R P is the reflectance at the 520 nm band, and R green is the reflectance at the 550 nm band, and k P is a constant used to reflect the influence of phosphorus content on the reflectance ratio; The formula for calculating the relative content of potassium according to the reflection wave data is as follows: where K is the relative content of potassium, and R K is the reflectance at the 850 nm band, and R green is the reflectance at the 550 nm band, and k K is a constant used to reflect the influence of potassium content on the reflectance ratio; Use sensors to collect the temperature, humidity, oxygen content, and pH value of the fermentation environment three times, and take their average values as the average temperature, average humidity, oxygen content, and pH value of the fermentation environment. Denote the average temperature as T, the average humidity as S, the oxygen content as O, and the pH value as pH.

4. A method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and livestock wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the nutrient balance index is as follows: where HEA is the nutrient balance index, N is the relative content of nitrogen, N ref is the reference threshold of nitrogen content, P is the relative content of phosphorus, P ref is the reference threshold of phosphorus content, K is the relative content of potassium, K ref is the reference threshold of potassium content, α is a preset proportionality coefficient, and α > 0; The formula for calculating the environmental adaptability index is as follows: Where, T adj is the temperature adjustment value, T is the average temperature, T ref is the temperature reference threshold, S adj is the humidity adjustment value, S is the average humidity, S ref is the humidity reference threshold, O adj is the oxygen content adjustment value, O is the oxygen content, O ref is the oxygen content reference threshold, pH adj is the pH adjustment value, pH ref is the pH reference threshold, and EAI is the environmental adaptability index; The formula for calculating the processing efficiency index is as follows: In the formula, PEI is the processing efficiency index, N is the relative content of nitrogen, P is the relative content of phosphorus, K is the relative content of potassium, and G is the total mass of agricultural and animal husbandry waste.

5. A method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes according to claim 4, characterized in that: Combining the nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and processing efficiency index, an organic fertilizer production evaluation model is constructed. The model expression is: ZY = ln(ω1 * HEA + ω2 * EAI + ω3 * PEI + 1) In the formula, ZY is the fermentation quality index, HEA is the nutrient balance index, EAI is the environmental adaptability index, PEI is the processing efficiency index, and ω1, ω2, and ω3 are the weights of the nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and processing efficiency index respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process.

6. A method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific logic for determining the weights according to the analytic hierarchy process is: Mark the three indicators of the nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and processing efficiency index. Determine the numerical values of the relative importance between each pair through the nine-scale method, and construct a judgment matrix. Among them, mark the nutrient balance index as 1, the environmental adaptability index as 2, and the processing efficiency index as 3. The constructed judgment matrix is: Among them, both f and v represent the indices of exponents, and f ∈ [1, 3], v ∈ [1, 3], b fv represents the importance degree of the exponent with index f relative to the exponent with index v. The importance degree adopts the 1-9 scale method, and b fv The larger the value, the greater the importance degree of the exponent with index f compared to the exponent with index v, and b ff = 1, Divide each element value in the judgment matrix by the sum of its column to obtain the normalized judgment matrix. Calculate the mean value of each row element value in the normalized judgment matrix, and take the mean value of the first row element value as the weight of the nutrient balance index, the mean value of the second row element value as the weight of the environmental adaptability index, and the mean value of the third row element value as the weight of the processing efficiency index. With the constraint that the sum of the scaled values is equal to 1, scale the three weights proportionally, and take the scaled weights as the proportional coefficients of the corresponding indices.

7. A method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and livestock wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Set the fermentation evaluation indices corresponding to different fermentation stages. Set the fermentation evaluation indices in the initial stage, middle stage, and later stage as E1, E2, and E3 respectively, and compare the calculated fermentation quality index with the fermentation evaluation index of the corresponding stage: If ZY i ≥E i , it indicates that the fermentation quality in the current stage meets the standard and the fermentation process is smooth; If ZY i <E i , it indicates that the fermentation quality in the current stage does not meet the standard, and the fermentation conditions need to be adjusted; Wherein, ZY i is the fermentation quality index of the current i-th stage, and E i represents the fermentation evaluation index of the current i-th stage. i is the index of the fermentation stage, and i ∈ {1, 2, 3}.

8. A method for preparing organic fertilizer based on the resource utilization of agricultural and livestock wastes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific logic for adjusting the fermentation conditions is: collect the current nutrient balance index, environmental adaptability index, and processing efficiency index, and compare them with the corresponding preset thresholds respectively to locate the indices lower than the preset thresholds: If HEA is lower than the threshold, it means that the current nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content is insufficient, and microorganisms cannot carry out effective reproduction and metabolism. At this time, the addition amount of nitrogen source, phosphorus source, or potassium source should be increased; If EAI is lower than the threshold, it means that the current fermentation environment is unsuitable, and adjust the temperature, humidity, oxygen content, or pH value; If PEI is lower than the threshold, it means that the nutrient conversion efficiency is low. Check the quality of the raw materials to ensure their freshness and suitability. Replace the raw materials if necessary, and increase the addition amount of microbial inoculants to improve the activity of microorganisms.

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