Foam metal phosphorus chalcogenide as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a foam metal phosphorus chalcogenide and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of two-dimensional material preparation. Phosphorus blocks, sulfur (selenium) particles and metal foam are taken as raw materials and added into a quartz tube reaction container for vacuum sealing, a mixture of the phosphorus blocks and the sulfur (selenium) particles is arranged at one end of the quartz tube reaction container, the metal foam is arranged at the other end of the quartz tube reaction container, and the middle parts are separated by quartz wool; the metal foam reacts with phosphorus and sulfur (or selenium) steam under a high-temperature condition and is partially converted into a two-dimensional layered metal phosphorus chalcogenide which grows on the surface of the metal foam, so that the foam metal phosphorus chalcogenide is formed. The preparation method is simple, efficient and low in cost, can be expanded to various foam metal phosphorus chalcogenide compounds, and is suitable for industrial production; the prepared foam metal phosphorus chalcogenide has wide application prospects in the fields of electro-catalysis, capacitors, photoelectric detection, optoelectronic devices, lithium / sodium ion batteries and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of two-dimensional material preparation, and in particular to a foamed metal phosphorus-sulfur compound and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Two-dimensional materials, with their unique atomically thin structure and significant quantum confinement effect, exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties that traditional macroscopic bulk materials do not have, such as high electron mobility, broadband absorption, ultrafast response and electrical tunability. With these outstanding advantages, two-dimensional materials have become the focus and hot direction in many fields such as frontier exploration of optoelectronics, research and development of next-generation high-performance optoelectronic devices, and innovation of advanced materials science. Metal phosphorus sulfide compounds MPX3 (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, etc., X=S or Se) are a class of inorganic compounds with two-dimensional layered structures. Due to the high chemical composition diversity and structural complexity, two-dimensional metal phosphorus sulfide compounds show more fascinating electrical, optical, ferroelectric and magnetic properties compared with binary and mono-two-dimensional materials, which may provide new opportunities for many applications such as multifunctional electronic information devices, optoelectronic devices, memory, catalysis and new energy.

[0003] In practical application scenarios, two-dimensional materials usually need to use various substrates to exert their unique properties. For example, when two-dimensional materials are used for electrocatalysis, a common operation is to load two-dimensional material flakes on conductive substrates such as nickel foam and carbon cloth. This process is achieved through specific processes such as drip coating, spray coating, and electrochemical deposition. After loading, the two-dimensional material can significantly improve its electrocatalytic performance with the help of the excellent electron transmission ability of the conductive substrate. However, in many practical application processes, how to enhance the interfacial bonding force between the two-dimensional material and the conductive substrate to prevent the two-dimensional material from falling off or agglomerating during long-term use is still a key problem that needs to be overcome. If the two are not tightly combined, the two-dimensional material flakes are very likely to fall off or agglomerate during long-term electrical use, resulting in a reduction in active sites and a significant decrease in performance. In addition, the optimization of the preparation process is also urgent. The existing loading processes have more or less some disadvantages, such as the low efficiency of the drip coating method, the high cost of the spray coating method, and the complex operation of the electrochemical deposition method. The development of a more efficient, simple and low-cost loading process is an important direction to promote the widespread application of two-dimensional materials in various fields. Moreover, during the loading process, attention should also be paid to the impact on the structure and performance of the two-dimensional material itself to avoid damage to its originally excellent optoelectronic properties due to improper operation, thereby ensuring that the two-dimensional material can be firmly attached to the conductive substrate and fully exert its unique advantages. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a foam metal phosphochalcogenide, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. The prepared two-dimensional material has the advantages of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, wide optical response frequency range, good electrical conductivity, etc., and at the same time ensures the stable attachment of the two-dimensional material on the foam conductive substrate, and has broad application prospects in the fields of electrocatalysis, capacitors, photoelectric detection, optoelectronic devices and lithium / sodium ion batteries.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a preparation method of a foam metal phosphochalcogenide. Through a high-temperature gas-phase reaction, phosphorus and sulfur vapor or selenium vapor react with the surface of the metal foam, and a two-dimensional layered metal phosphochalcogenide is in-situ grown on the surface of the metal foam.

[0006] Preferably, it specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Take a phosphorus block, sulfur grains / selenium grains and a metal foam as raw materials, and perform surface treatment on the metal foam; Step 2: Add the raw materials into a quartz tube reaction vessel, vacuum seal it under a pressure of 10 -6 -10 -4 Torr. The mixture of the phosphorus block and sulfur grains / selenium grains is at one end of the quartz tube reaction vessel, and the metal foam is at the other end of the quartz tube reaction vessel, and they are separated by quartz wool in the middle; Step 3: The foam metal phosphochalcogenide can be obtained through high-temperature reaction.

[0007] Preferably, in Step 1, the purities of the phosphorus block, sulfur grains / selenium grains and the metal foam are all ≥99.5%; soak the metal foam with 5% hydrochloric acid by mass, then ultrasonically clean it with ultrapure water to remove the oxide impurities on the surface, and then clean it with anhydrous ethanol and dry it in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the surface-treated metal foam.

[0008] Preferably, in Step 2, the molar ratio of the phosphorus block to the sulfur grains / selenium grains is 1:3.

[0009] Preferably, in Step 3, place the vacuum-sealed quartz tube reaction vessel in a muffle furnace or a two-temperature zone tube furnace for high-temperature reaction. The time of the high-temperature reaction is 4-12 hours. The mixture of the phosphorus block and sulfur grains / selenium grains is at the high-temperature zone end, and the metal foam is at the low-temperature zone end.

[0010] Preferably, the temperature at the high-temperature zone end is 780°C - 550°C, and the temperature difference between the high-temperature zone end and the low-temperature zone end is ≥20°C.

[0011] Preferably, the metal foam is at least one of nickel foam, iron foam, zinc foam, cobalt foam or an alloy composed of the above foam metals.

[0012] The present invention also provides a foam metal phosphochalcogenide prepared by the above preparation method, and the metal phosphochalcogenide is one of a metal phosphosulfide or a metal phosphoselenide.

[0013] Preferably, the metal phosphochalcogenide is a two-dimensional layered material.

[0014] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned foam metal phosphochalcogenide in electrocatalysis.

[0015] Therefore, a foam metal phosphochalcogenide, a preparation method and an application thereof provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: (1) The foam metal phosphochalcogenide prepared by the present invention includes a two-dimensional layered metal phosphochalcogenide growing on the surface of a metal foam. Due to the structural characteristics of the metal foam, the porosity of the foam metal phosphochalcogenide is extremely high, which is beneficial to the transport and diffusion of substances. In application scenarios involving gas-solid or liquid-solid reactions, such as gas sensors and catalyst carriers, gases or liquids can contact the active substances more quickly, improving the reaction efficiency. In energy storage devices, it can reduce the resistance of electrode materials and increase the electron transfer rate during charge and discharge, thereby enhancing the rate performance and cycle stability of the materials. Therefore, the foam metal phosphochalcogenide has broad application prospects in the fields of electrocatalysis, capacitors, photodetection, optoelectronic devices, and lithium / sodium ion batteries.

[0016] (2) The present invention uses phosphorus blocks, sulfur grains / selenium grains, and metal foam as raw materials; through a one-step reaction, a two-dimensional layered metal phosphochalcogenide is grown on the surface of the metal foam to form a foam metal phosphochalcogenide, ensuring that the two-dimensional material can firmly adhere to the conductive substrate and fully exert the unique advantages of the two-dimensional material. The method is simple, efficient, and low-cost, and can be extended to various foam metal phosphochalcogenides, suitable for industrial production.

[0017] (3) The foam metal phosphochalcogenide provided by the present invention has excellent catalytic performance when applied in electrocatalysis. Due to the synergistic effect between the metal foam and the two-dimensional layered metal phosphochalcogenide, the good conductivity of the metal foam can effectively improve the possible low conductivity problem of the two-dimensional layered metal phosphochalcogenide and enhance the electron transport ability of the whole material. At the same time, the skeleton structure of the metal foam can provide support for the two-dimensional layered metal phosphochalcogenide, enhancing the overall mechanical properties of the material and making it more stable during use and less likely to undergo structural damage.

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1Scanning electron microscope photograph of nickel foam phosphorus sulfide compound (NiPS3) in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 Scanning electron microscope photograph of nickel foam in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 X-ray diffraction pattern of nickel foam phosphorus sulfide compound (NiPS3) in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) polarization curve in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 Scanning electron microscope photograph of iron foam phosphorus sulfide compound (FePS3) in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 X-ray diffraction pattern of iron foam phosphorus sulfide compound (FePS3) in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 7 Scanning electron microscope photograph of nickel-iron foam phosphorus sulfide compound (NiFePS3) in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 8 X-ray diffraction pattern of nickel-iron foam phosphorus sulfide compound (NiFePS3) in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 9 X-ray diffraction pattern of nickel phosphide in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 10 Scanning electron microscope photograph of non-layered nickel phosphide in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 11 X-ray diffraction pattern of non-layered nickel sulfide in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Reference to "embodiment" in this text means that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The term "embodiment" appearing at various positions in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it particularly limited to the independence or relevance to other embodiments. In principle, in the present application, as long as there is no technical contradiction or conflict, the various technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form corresponding implementable technical solutions.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, the meanings of the technical terms used in this text are the same as those commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs; the use of the relevant terms in this text is only for describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified in the present invention, the reagents, instruments, equipment, and performance testing methods used are all the reagents, instruments, equipment, and methods commonly used by those skilled in the art.

[0024] Example 1 This example provides a method for preparing a foam metal phosphosulfide compound, and the specific steps are as follows: First, put 31 mg of phosphorus chunks and 96 mg of sulfur grains at the bottom end of a quartz tube, then place quartz wool in the middle of the quartz tube, and finally put 2 pieces of foam nickel with a size of into the quartz tube, and vacuum seal it in the quartz tube under a pressure of 3×10 -5 Torr; place the mixture of phosphorus chunks and sulfur grains at one end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube, and the foam nickel at the other end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube. Among them, before use, the foam nickel is soaked in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) by mass fraction for 5 minutes, then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water for 5 minutes to remove the oxide impurities on the surface, and then cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried in a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0025] Place the sealed quartz tube reaction vessel horizontally in a two-temperature zone tube furnace for high-temperature reaction. The mixture of phosphorus chunks and sulfur grains is at the high-temperature zone end, and the foam nickel is at the low-temperature zone end. The temperature of the high-temperature zone during the high-temperature reaction is 630 °C, the temperature of the low-temperature zone is 600 °C, and the reaction time is 8 hours. After the reaction ends and it cools down to room temperature, the foam nickel phosphosulfide compound (NiPS3) is obtained.

[0026] Characterization of the obtained product by scanning electron microscopy found that, as Figure 1 shown, NiPS3 is a two-dimensional layered material. By comparing with the foam nickel shown in Figure 2 , it can be seen that the layered material is formed after high-temperature reaction. Characterization of the obtained product by X-ray diffraction pattern shows, as Figure 3 shown, the diffraction characteristic peaks of NiPS3.

[0027] The foam metal phosphosulfide compound prepared in this example was applied to electrocatalysis for electrocatalytic performance testing. Specifically, the electrocatalytic performance was measured using a three-electrode system, and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was carried out in 1.0 M KOH solution. A platinum sheet was used as the counter electrode, and a Hg / HgO electrode in 1.0 M KOH solution was used as the reference electrode. One foam nickel phosphosulfide (NiPS3) sample with an area of was used as the working electrode. The electrocatalytic performance of the sample was tested using a Chenhua CHI 760E electrochemical analyzer (Shanghai Chenhua Instrument Co., Ltd.). The results are as Figure 4 shown. The foam nickel phosphosulfide (NiPS3) sample exhibited high HER activity, and only 0.228 V was required to reach a current density of 10 mA·cm -2 .

[0028] Example 2 This example provides a preparation method for a foam metal phosphosulfide compound. The specific steps are as follows: First, 31 mg of phosphorus lumps and 96 mg of sulfur grains were placed at the bottom end of a quartz tube. Then, quartz wool was placed in the middle of the quartz tube. Finally, 2 pieces of foam iron with dimensions of were placed in the quartz tube and vacuum-sealed in the quartz tube under a pressure of 3×10 -5 Torr. The mixture of phosphorus lumps and sulfur grains was at one end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube, and the foam iron was at the other end. Among them, the foam iron was soaked in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) by mass fraction for 5 minutes before use, and then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water for 5 minutes to remove the oxide impurities on the surface. Then, it was cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried in a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0029] The sealed quartz tube reaction vessel was horizontally placed in a two-temperature zone tube furnace for high-temperature reaction. The mixture of phosphorus lumps and sulfur grains was at the high-temperature zone end, and the foam iron was at the low-temperature zone end. The temperature of the high-temperature zone during the high-temperature reaction was 680 °C, the temperature of the low-temperature zone was 650 °C, and the reaction time was 8 hours. After the reaction ended and it cooled down to room temperature, the foam iron phosphosulfide compound (FePS3) was obtained.

[0030] Characterization of the obtained product by scanning electron microscopy found that, as Figure 5 shown, FePS3 was a two-dimensional layered material. Characterization of the obtained product by X-ray diffraction pattern showed, as Figure 6 shown, the diffraction characteristic peaks of FePS3.

[0031] Example 3 This example provides a preparation method for a foam metal phosphosulfide compound. The specific steps are as follows: First, place 31 mg of phosphorus chunks and 96 mg of sulfur pellets at the bottom end of a quartz tube. Then, put quartz wool in the middle of the quartz tube. Finally, place 2 pieces of nickel foam iron with dimensions of into the quartz tube and vacuum seal it in the quartz tube under a pressure of 3×10 -5 Torr; place the mixture of phosphorus chunks and sulfur pellets at one end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube, and the nickel foam iron at the other end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube. Among them, the nickel foam iron is soaked in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) by mass fraction for 5 minutes before use, and then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water for 5 minutes to remove the oxide impurities on the surface. Then, it is cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried in a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0032] Place the sealed quartz tube reaction vessel horizontally in a two-temperature zone tube furnace for high-temperature reaction. The mixture of phosphorus chunks and sulfur pellets is at the high-temperature zone end, and the nickel foam iron is at the low-temperature zone end. The temperature of the high-temperature zone during high-temperature reaction is 680 °C, the temperature of the low-temperature zone is 650 °C, and the reaction time is 10 hours. After the reaction is completed and it cools down to room temperature, nickel foam iron phosphorus sulfur compound (NiFePS3) is obtained.

[0033] Characterization of the obtained product by scanning electron microscopy found that, as Figure 7 shown, NiFePS3 is a two-dimensional layered material. Characterization of the obtained product by X-ray diffraction pattern, as Figure 8 shown, shows the diffraction characteristic peaks of NiFePS3.

[0034] Example 4 This example provides a method for preparing a foam metal phosphorus chalcogenide, and the specific steps are as follows: First, place 31 mg of phosphorus chunks and 236.9 mg of selenium pellets at the bottom end of a quartz tube. Then, put quartz wool in the middle of the quartz tube. Finally, place 2 pieces of iron foam with dimensions of into the quartz tube and vacuum seal it in the quartz tube under a pressure of 3×10 - 5 Torr; place the mixture of phosphorus chunks and selenium pellets at one end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube, and the iron foam at the other end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube. Among them, the iron foam is soaked in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) by mass fraction for 5 minutes before use, and then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water for 5 minutes to remove the oxide impurities on the surface. Then, it is cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried in a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0035] Place the sealed quartz tube reaction vessel horizontally in a two-temperature zone tube furnace for high-temperature reaction. The mixture of phosphorus chunks and selenium pellets is at the high-temperature zone end, and the iron foam is at the low-temperature zone end. The temperature of the high-temperature zone during high-temperature reaction is 750 °C, the temperature of the low-temperature zone is 700 °C, and the reaction time is 10 hours. After the reaction is completed and it cools down to room temperature, iron foam phosphorus selenium compound (FePSe3) is obtained.

[0036] Example 5 This example provides a method for preparing a foam metal phosphosulfide compound, and the specific steps are as follows: First, 31 mg of phosphorus pieces, 48 mg of sulfur grains and 118.5 mg of selenium grains are placed at the bottom end of a quartz tube, then quartz wool is placed in the middle of the quartz tube, and finally 2 pieces of foam iron with a size of are placed in the quartz tube and vacuum-sealed in the quartz tube under a pressure of 3×10 -5 Torr; the mixture of phosphorus pieces, sulfur grains and selenium grains is at one end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube, and the foam iron is at the other end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube. Among them, the foam iron is soaked in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) by mass for 5 minutes before use, and then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water for 5 minutes to remove the oxide impurities on the surface, and then cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried in a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0037] The sealed quartz tube reaction vessel is horizontally placed in a two-temperature zone tube furnace for high-temperature reaction. The mixture of phosphorus pieces, sulfur grains and selenium grains is at the high-temperature zone end, and the foam iron is at the low-temperature zone end. The temperature of the high-temperature zone during the high-temperature reaction is 750 °C, the temperature of the low-temperature zone is 700 °C, and the reaction time is 10 hours. After the reaction is completed and it is allowed to cool to room temperature, the foam iron phosphosulfide selenide compound (FePS 1.5 Se 1.5 ) is obtained.

[0038] Comparative Example 1 First, 31 mg of phosphorus pieces are placed at the bottom end of a quartz tube, then quartz wool is placed in the middle of the quartz tube, and finally 2 pieces of foam nickel with a size of are placed in the quartz tube and vacuum-sealed in the quartz tube under a pressure of 3×10 -5 Torr; the phosphorus pieces are at one end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube, and the foam nickel is at the other end of the reaction vessel in the quartz tube. Among them, the foam nickel is soaked in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) by mass for 5 minutes before use, and then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water for 5 minutes to remove the oxide impurities on the surface, and then cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried in a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0039] The sealed quartz tube reaction vessel is horizontally placed in a two-temperature zone tube furnace for high-temperature reaction. The phosphorus pieces are at the high-temperature zone end, and the foam nickel is at the low-temperature zone end. The temperature of the high-temperature zone during the high-temperature reaction is 630 °C, the temperature of the low-temperature zone is 600 °C, and the reaction time is 8 hours. After the reaction is completed and it is allowed to cool to room temperature, nickel phosphide is obtained.

[0040] As Figure 9 shown, the diffraction characteristic peaks of NiP are displayed. Scanning electron microscope characterization of the obtained product found that, as Figure 10 shown, NiP is a non-layered material.

[0041] Comparative Example 2 First, place 96 mg of sulfur particles at the bottom end of a quartz tube, then put quartz wool in the middle of the quartz tube, and finally place 2 pieces of nickel foam with a size of into the quartz tube, and vacuum seal it in the quartz tube under a pressure of 3×10 -5 Torr; place the sulfur particles at one end of the reaction vessel of the quartz tube, and the nickel foam at the other end. Among them, the nickel foam is soaked in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) by mass for 5 minutes before use, and then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water for 5 minutes to remove oxide impurities on the surface, and then cleaned with absolute ethanol and dried in a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0042] Place the sealed reaction vessel of the quartz tube horizontally in a two-temperature-zone tube furnace for high-temperature reaction. The sulfur particles are at the high-temperature zone end, and the nickel foam is at the low-temperature zone end. The temperature of the high-temperature zone during the high-temperature reaction is 630 °C, the temperature of the low-temperature zone is 600 °C, and the reaction time is 8 hours. After the reaction is completed and it cools down to room temperature, non-layered nickel sulfide is obtained, as Figure 11 shown.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a foam metal phosphosulfide compound, characterized in that: Through a high-temperature gas-phase reaction, phosphorus and sulfur vapor or selenium vapor react chemically with the surface of the metal foam, and two-dimensional layered metal phosphochalcogenides are in-situ grown on the surface of the metal foam.

2. The preparation method of a foam metal phosphosulfide compound according to claim 1, characterized in that Specifically, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Take a phosphorus block, sulfur grains / selenium grains, and metal foam as raw materials, and perform surface treatment on the metal foam. Step 2: Add the raw materials into the quartz tube reaction vessel and vacuum seal it under a pressure of 10 -6 - 10 -4 Torr. The mixture of phosphorus chunks and sulfur / se selenium grains is at one end of the quartz tube reaction vessel, and the metal foam is at the other end, separated by quartz wool in the middle; Step 3: Foamed metal phosphochalcogenides can be obtained through high-temperature reaction.

3. The preparation method of a foam metal phosphosulfide compound according to claim 2, characterized in that: In Step 1, the purity of the phosphorus block, sulfur grains / selenium grains, and metal foam is ≥99.5%; the metal foam is soaked in 5% hydrochloric acid by mass, then ultrasonically cleaned with ultrapure water to remove surface oxide impurities, and then cleaned with absolute ethanol and dried in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the surface-treated metal foam.

4. The preparation method of a foam metal phosphosulfide compound according to claim 2, characterized in that: In Step 2, the molar ratio of the phosphorus block to the sulfur grains / selenium grains is 1:

3.

5. The preparation method of a foam metal phosphosulfide compound according to claim 2, characterized in that: In Step 3, the vacuum-sealed quartz tube reaction vessel is placed in a muffle furnace or a two-temperature zone tube furnace for high-temperature reaction. The time for high-temperature reaction is 4 - 12 hours. The mixture of the phosphorus block and sulfur grains / selenium grains is at the high-temperature zone end, and the metal foam is at the low-temperature zone end.

6. The preparation method of a foam metal phosphosulfide compound according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature at the high-temperature zone end is 780°C - 550°C, and the temperature difference between the high-temperature zone end and the low-temperature zone end is ≥20°C.

7. The preparation method of a foam metal phosphosulfide compound according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal foam is at least one of nickel foam, iron foam, zinc foam, cobalt foam or an alloy composed of the above foamed metals.

8. A foam metal phosphosulfide compound, characterized in that: The metal phosphochalcogenide is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 - 7, and the metal phosphochalcogenide is one of metal phosphorus sulfide or metal phosphorus selenide.

9. The foam metal phosphochalcogenide according to claim 8, characterized in that: The metal phosphochalcogenide is a two-dimensional layered material.

10. The application of a foam metal phosphorus chalcogenide as claimed in claim 8, wherein: The metal phosphochalcogenide is applied to electrocatalysis.

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