Unfavorable geology protection device for tunnel construction

Abstract

The invention discloses an unfavorable geology protection device for tunnel construction, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction protection.The unfavorable geology protection device comprises a plurality of double-layer arc-shaped supporting frames arranged in parallel, each double-layer arc-shaped supporting frame is provided with a plurality of hard supporting pieces, and the hard supporting pieces protrude upwards to form an arc-shaped cover; adjusting mechanisms are installed at the two ends of the double-layer arc-shaped supporting frame, the distance between the two ends of the double-layer arc-shaped supporting frame is adjusted through the adjusting mechanisms, and real-time adjustment is conducted according to the radian of a tunnel vault by installing the double-layer arc-shaped supporting frame for adjusting the radian and the adjusting mechanisms, so that the frame is more matched with a rock layer at the top of a tunnel; the pressure-adjustable water bag cushion is additionally arranged in the double-layer arc-shaped supporting frame, the gap between the double-layer arc-shaped supporting frame and the vault is effectively filled, the automatic pressure adjusting function is added, the water pressure in the water bag cushion is regulated and monitored in real time, and the stability of the double-layer arc-shaped supporting frame at the top is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction protection, and particularly to a protection device for adverse geology in tunnel construction. Background Technique

[0002] Tunnel protection brackets are temporary support structures used to protect the safety of workers and equipment during tunnel construction, and to prevent accidents such as falling rocks caused by loosening of surrounding rocks. They play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and stability of the construction environment;

[0003] Currently, the more common bracket types on the market are steel arch frames, portal brackets, and telescopic brackets. Steel arch frames are usually made of profiled steel and are installed on the crown and side walls of the tunnel to support the surrounding rocks and prevent them from collapsing or deforming. Portal brackets are commonly used in tunnel entrance sections, shallow buried sections, and areas that require a large construction space. Telescopic brackets can adjust the support force and size of the bracket in a timely manner according to the deformation of the surrounding rocks during tunnel construction to meet the support requirements at different stages.

[0004] Generally speaking, steel arch frames and telescopic brackets can adapt to most tunnels. The shape of steel arch frames is generally arched, which can better withstand the surrounding rock pressure at the top of the tunnel and evenly transfer the pressure to the side walls on both sides of the tunnel, playing a good supporting and protecting role for the arch part of the tunnel. It is suitable for tunnel construction under various geological conditions. When used in combination with telescopic brackets, it can provide comprehensive protection for all sections of tunnel construction. However, in the actual support process, the following problems will still be faced:

[0005] Currently, it is necessary to install it immediately after the tunnel is excavated to create a relatively safe working environment for the workers in the tunnel. Currently, the protection brackets are all prepared in advance according to the specifications of the tunnel and are matched with the excavated tunnel. However, in the face of complex terrain environments such as fault zones and debris flow prone areas, after the tunnel is excavated, there may be a certain deviation between the excavated values and the expected calculations due to geological problems. Although the existing brackets can be adjusted to a certain height, the curvature of their tops still cannot be adjusted. With the deviation of the curvature, the fit degree between the top of the bracket and the crown of the tunnel decreases, and its supporting effect will decline.

[0006] In addition, the newly excavated soft rock layer of the tunnel is usually in an unstable state. In this case, although installing the protection bracket directly in the soft rock layer can provide immediate and effective support, over time, due to its geological characteristics, the soft rock layer is prone to displacement, which will cause a gap to gradually form between the protection bracket and the crown of the tunnel. If this gap cannot be discovered and adjusted in time, the increase in the gap will lead to a decrease in the supporting strength of the entire protection bracket.

[0007] In view of the above problems, it is urgent to innovate and design on the basis of the original protection bracket. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention aims at the technical problem that the existing technical solution is too single, and provides a solution significantly different from the existing technology. Specifically, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a protection device for bad geology in tunnel construction to solve the problems proposed in the above background technology, that is, the support arc at the top of the protection bracket is inconvenient to adjust, and once the rock layer loosens and displaces during the support process, a gap is generated between the protection bracket and the rock layer, and the support is not firm enough.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A protection device for bad geology in tunnel construction, including a plurality of double-layer arc support frames arranged in parallel. A plurality of rigid support members are provided on each of the double-layer arc support frames. The plurality of rigid support members protrude upward to form an arc-shaped cover. Adjusting mechanisms are installed at both ends of the double-layer arc support frame. By the adjusting mechanisms, the distance between both ends of the double-layer arc support frame is adjusted to adjust the arc of the arc-shaped cover protruded upward by the rigid support members. A support mechanism is installed at the bottom of the double-layer arc support frame near the adjusting mechanisms;

[0010] Water bladder pads are provided inside each of the double-layer arc support frames. The water bladder pads are connected by hoses. A pressure compensation mechanism for controlling the water pressure inside the water bladder pads is connected below one of the water bladder pads.

[0011] Preferably, the double-layer arc support frame includes a plurality of fixed rings. Sleeve rods are connected to the outside of the plurality of fixed rings. The plurality of sleeve rods wrap the water bladder pads inside. Adjacent sleeve rods are connected by connecting rods. The rigid support members are sleeved inside the fixed rings, and the bottoms of the rigid support members are attached above the water bladder pads.

[0012] Preferably, arc-shaped rods are provided at the bottoms of the water bladder pads. Sliding grooves are provided at positions corresponding to the sleeve rods on the arc-shaped rods. The sleeve rods are inserted into the sliding grooves.

[0013] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes two cross bars. A plurality of limiting rods are installed on the surfaces of the cross bars. The fixed rings at both ends of the double-layer arc support frame are connected to the limiting rods.

[0014] Preferably, at least two first hydraulic rods are installed inside the two cross bars. The first hydraulic rods are respectively arranged at both ends of the two cross bars. By starting the first hydraulic rods, the distance between the two cross bars is adjusted.

[0015] Preferably, the support mechanism includes a plurality of X-shaped brackets, which are connected by a plurality of shaft rods. The shaft rod above the X-shaped brackets is connected to the cross bar, and lower support rods are connected to the outside of the shaft rods below the X-shaped brackets. Second hydraulic rods are installed on the outside of the shaft rods at both ends of the X-shaped brackets. Slideways are provided at the bottoms of the plurality of lower support rods.

[0016] Preferably, the pressure compensation mechanism includes a pressure control pipeline. Water inlet pipelines and pressure relief pipelines are respectively connected to the sides of the pressure control pipeline. A piston is arranged inside the pressure control pipeline, and a spring is connected to the back of the piston.

[0017] Preferably, the water inlet pipeline and the pressure relief pipeline are respectively arranged at both ends of the pressure control pipeline. By conveying the water inside the water bag pad to the pressure control pipeline, the water pressure inside the water bag pad is adjusted.

[0018] Preferably, the piston is located on the side close to the water inlet pipeline in the natural state. After the water pressure inside the water bag pad increases, the piston is extruded to slide from the position of the water inlet pipeline to the position of the pressure relief pipeline, and the spring is compressed accordingly.

[0019] Preferably, a pressure reducing valve is installed on the pressure relief pipeline. A pressure sensor for monitoring the water pressure inside the water inlet pipeline is connected to the side curved surface of the water inlet pipeline, and an alarm is electrically connected to one side of the pressure sensor.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] By installing a double-layer arc-shaped support frame with adjustable radian and an adjustment mechanism at the top, and using a hydraulic rod to drive the displacement of the cross bars at both ends. When the cross bars at both ends approach each other, the fixed rings at both ends also approach each other, pushing the fixed rings and the rigid support members inside them to bulge upward, reducing the radian. At the same time, the entire double-layer arc-shaped support frame starts to bend synchronously, and is adjusted in real time according to the radian of the tunnel vault, making the frame more adaptable to the rock layer at the top of the tunnel, thereby enhancing the support effect.

[0022] In addition, a water bag pad with adjustable pressure is added inside the double-layer arc-shaped support frame to provide soft support. During the support process, the water bag pad floats up and down to adjust the position of the rigid support members. When supporting the top of the tunnel, each independent rigid support member fluctuates up and down independently along the water bag pad, effectively filling the gap between the double-layer arc-shaped support frame and the vault, using the rigid support members as the first contact points with the rock layer, separating the soft support layer of the water bag pad from the rock layer, and increasing the wear resistance of the structure while filling the gap.

[0023] Furthermore, a pressure automatic regulation function is introduced to regulate and monitor the water pressure in the water bladder cushion in real time. Once the rock layer at the top of the tunnel is lost, resulting in an increase in the gap between the rigid support and the rock layer, the water in the water bladder cushion will immediately adjust the position of the rigid support to make it contact the rock layer at the top of the tunnel again. The control pressure pipeline and the pressure relief pipeline are used to adjust the water pressure in the water bladder cushion in real time. If the water pressure is too high, the control pressure pipeline absorbs the excess water volume; if the pressure is too low, water is supplemented in time to maintain a stable water pressure in the water bladder cushion, further ensuring the support stability of the double-layer arc support frame at the top. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view sectional structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer arc support frame and the water bladder cushion of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom view structure of the double-layer arc support frame and the water bladder cushion of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the maximum bending radian structure of the double-layer arc support frame of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the minimum bending radian structure of the double-layer arc support frame of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure compensation mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged structure diagram at position A.

[0032] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 7 The enlarged structure diagram at position B.

[0033] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the sectional structure of the control pressure pipeline of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. Double-layer arc support frame; 101. Fixed ring; 102. Sleeve rod; 103. Connecting rod; 104. Arc rod; 2. Rigid support member; 3. Adjusting mechanism; 301. Cross bar; 302. Limit rod; 303. First hydraulic rod; 4. Support mechanism; 401. X bracket; 402. Lower support rod; 403. Second hydraulic rod; 5. Hose; 6. Pressure compensation mechanism; 601. Pressure control pipeline; 602. Water inlet pipeline; 603. Pressure relief pipeline; 604. Piston; 605. Spring; 606. Pressure reducing valve; 607. Pressure sensor; 608. Alarm; 7. Water bag pad. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 , the present invention provides a technical solution: an adverse geology protection device for tunnel construction, including a plurality of double-layer arc support frames 1 arranged in parallel. A plurality of rigid support members 2 are provided on each double-layer arc support frame 1. The plurality of rigid support members 2 protrude upward to form an arc-shaped cover. Adjusting mechanisms 3 are installed at both ends of the double-layer arc support frame 1. By adjusting the distance between the two ends of the double-layer arc support frame 1 through the adjusting mechanism 3, the radian of the arc-shaped cover protruding upward of the rigid support member 2 is adjusted. A support mechanism 4 is installed at the bottom of the double-layer arc support frame 1 near the adjusting mechanism 3.

[0037] A water bag pad 7 is provided inside each double-layer arc support frame 1. The water bag pads 7 are connected by a hose 5. A pressure compensation mechanism 6 for controlling the water pressure inside the water bag pad 7 is connected below one of the water bag pads 7.

[0038] It should be noted that by combining the rigid support member 2 with the water bag pad 7, the water bag pad 7 provides soft support. During the support process, the top of the rigid support member 2 is in direct contact with the tunnel vault, while the bottom is supported by the water bag pad 7. The water bag pad 7 floats up and down to adjust the position of the rigid support member 2 to adapt to the shape of the tunnel vault, which can effectively fill the gap of the vault. In addition, the rigid support member 2 separates the soft support layer of the water bag pad 7 from the rock layer, thereby improving the wear resistance of the structure. And at the same time, when used in conjunction with the adjusting mechanism 3, the bending radian of the double-layer arc support frame 1 can be changed, and then the convex radian of the rigid support member 2 can be adjusted to adapt to tunnels of different specifications.

[0039] In addition, by adding a pressure compensation mechanism 6, the water pressure inside the water bag pad 7 can be monitored and adjusted in real time to ensure its stability. Even when the rock layer at the tunnel vault loosens and displaces, the water pressure can be quickly supplemented to provide a stable supporting force for the rigid support member 2, so as to adapt to various geological conditions with soft rock layers and frequent debris flows.

[0040] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the double-layer arc-shaped support frame 1 includes a plurality of fixing rings 101. Sleeve rods 102 are connected to the outside of the plurality of fixing rings 101. The plurality of sleeve rods 102 wrap the water bag pad 7 inside. The adjacent sleeve rods 102 are connected by connecting rods 103. The rigid support member 2 is sleeved inside the fixing ring 101, and the bottom of the rigid support member 2 is attached above the water bag pad 7.

[0041] An arc-shaped rod 104 is provided at the bottom of the water bag pad 7. Chutes are provided at the positions of the arc-shaped rod 104 corresponding to the sleeve rods 102, and the sleeve rods 102 are inserted into the chutes.

[0042] It should be noted that through the connection of the plurality of fixing rings 101 and the plurality of connecting rods 103, a stable outer arc-shaped frame is formed. An arc-shaped rod 104 with an adjustable bending arc is added at the bottom of the outer arc-shaped frame. In this embodiment, the arc-shaped rod 104 is made of an adjustable metal material and allows a certain degree of bending adjustment. The arc-shaped rod 104 is used as an inner support and combined with the outer arc-shaped frame to jointly form a double-layer arc-shaped support frame 1. The water bag pad 7 is filled in the middle of the frame to enhance the overall toughness and support strength.

[0043] In addition, the two sides of the water bag pad 7 are wrapped and fixed by the sleeve rods 102 on the outside of the fixing ring 101. Chutes are provided at the positions of the arc-shaped rod 104 corresponding to the sleeve rods 102. The other side of the arc-shaped rod 104 is connected through the chutes and the arc-shaped rod 104. When the arc-shaped rod 104 bends and adjusts the arc, the chutes can provide necessary displacement compensation for the sleeve rods 102.

[0044] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 and Figure 8 shown, the adjusting mechanism 3 includes two cross bars 301. A plurality of limiting rods 302 are installed on the surface of the cross bars 301. The fixing rings 101 at both ends of the double-layer arc-shaped support frame 1 are connected to the limiting rods 302.

[0045] At least two first hydraulic rods 303 are installed inside the two cross bars 301. The first hydraulic rods 303 are respectively arranged at both ends of the two cross bars 301. By starting the first hydraulic rods 303, the distance between the two cross bars 301 is adjusted.

[0046] It should be noted that the two crossbars 301 are respectively fixed at both ends of the double-layer arc support frame 1 to stabilize the end positions of the double-layer arc support frame 1. By adjusting the distance between the crossbars 301, the bending angle of the double-layer arc support frame 1 can be changed.

[0047] The specific operation is as follows: At least two first hydraulic rods 303 are installed between the two crossbars 301. The piston rod 604 of each hydraulic rod is connected to the inner side of one of the crossbars 301. After the hydraulic rod is started, the piston rod 604 retracts, driving the two crossbars 301 to approach each other, and vice versa to move away from each other. The crossbars 301 are provided with protruding limit rods 302, and the limit rods 302 are connected to the fixing rings 101 at both ends of the double-layer arc support frame 1. When the crossbars 301 move, the distance between the two ends of the double-layer arc support frame 1 at the top is changed.

[0048] As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, when the crossbars 301 approach each other, the limit rods 302 will cause the fixing rings 101 at both ends to also approach each other. At this time, the included angle between the connecting rods 103 at the top starts to change. As the included angle changes, it pushes the fixing rings 101 and the rigid support members 2 inside them to bulge upward, thereby reducing the arc. At the same time, the double-layer arc support frame 1 as a whole starts to bend synchronously, and the overall arc decreases. On the contrary, when the crossbars 301 move away from each other, the arc increases. This design allows real-time adjustment according to the arc of the tunnel vault.

[0049] It should be particularly emphasized that after the first hydraulic rod 303 is closed, the crossbars 301 at both ends of the double-layer arc support frame 1 will remain stationary. At this time, the rigid support members 2 at the top of the frame and the fixing rings 101 will be in close contact with the tunnel vault. The rigid support members 2 and the fixing rings 101 are firmly wrapped and fixed by the vault. The arc-shaped rods 104 and the sleeve rods 102 are fixedly connected by welding. The bottom arc-shaped rods 104 provide support for the sleeve rods 102, and the sleeve rods 102 further support the fixing rings 101, thereby providing additional limitation for the fixing rings 101. Therefore, the rotational end positions of the external connecting rods 103 of the fixing rings 101 will also remain stable. Even if the double-layer arc support frame 1 bears a downward force, the connecting rods 103 can still support each other to ensure that there is no loosening, thereby maintaining the upward support stability of the entire frame.

[0050] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the support mechanism 4 includes a plurality of X-shaped brackets 401. The X-shaped brackets 401 are connected by a plurality of shaft rods. The shaft rods above the X-shaped brackets 401 are connected to the crossbars 301. Lower support rods 402 are connected to the outside of the shaft rods below the X-shaped brackets 401. Second hydraulic rods 403 are installed on the outside of the shaft rods at both ends of the X-shaped brackets 401. Slideways are provided at the bottoms of the plurality of lower support rods 402.

[0051] It should be noted that the lower support rod 402 is provided with pulleys matching the slideways, which are used to assist the adjustment of the support mechanism 4. The support mechanism 4 provides a stable bottom support for the protective bracket. The X bracket 401 can effectively disperse the vertical stress of the top double-layer arc support frame 1 and strengthen the lateral shielding and protection function.

[0052] Among them, the number of X brackets 401 is adapted to the number of the top double-layer arc support frames 1, and can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the overall length of the tunnel. The X brackets 401 are connected into a whole through multiple shaft rods.

[0053] In this embodiment, the X brackets 401 are respectively arranged at both ends of the double-layer arc support frame 1. The shaft rods above the X brackets 401 are connected to the cross bars 301. When the distance between the cross bars 301 is adjusted, the distance of the bottom support mechanism 4 is also adjusted synchronously. The synchronous adjustment of the support mechanism 4 enables the support mechanism 4 to always be located below the double-layer arc support frame 1 to support it and absorb the downward pressure from the tunnel top.

[0054] In addition, at least four second hydraulic rods 403 are installed outside the shaft rods at both ends of the X bracket 401. After the four second hydraulic rods 403 are started simultaneously, they will squeeze the X bracket 401 to contract. When the X bracket 401 contracts, the overall height increases, and vice versa. After the protective bracket is initially fixed, the second hydraulic rods 403 are started to further squeeze the top double-layer arc support frame 1, so that the top rigid support member 2 contacts the rock layer inside the tunnel more closely, reducing the generation of gaps and increasing the support strength and stability of the protective bracket.

[0055] Add the function of automatic pressure adjustment:

[0056] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 and Figure 9 shown, the pressure compensation mechanism 6 includes a pressure control pipeline 601. The sides of the pressure control pipeline 601 are respectively connected with a water inlet pipeline 602 and a pressure relief pipeline 603. A piston 604 is arranged inside the pressure control pipeline 601, and a spring 605 is connected to the back of the piston 604.

[0057] It should be noted that a water pump is installed on one side of the water inlet pipeline 602. One end of the water pump is connected with a water tank and an underground water pipe. The other end of the pressure relief pipeline 603 is connected with the water tank. The water pressure inside the entire water bladder pad 7 is controlled through the pressure control pipeline 601, and the water inside each water bladder pad 7 can be exchanged with each other through the hose 5 in a timely manner to adjust the water pressure of each water bladder pad 7.

[0058] The water inlet pipe 602 and the pressure relief pipe 603 are respectively arranged at both ends of the pressure control pipe 601. By delivering the water inside the water bladder pad 7 to the pressure control pipe 601, the water pressure inside the water bladder pad 7 is adjusted.

[0059] The piston 604 is located on the side close to the water inlet pipe 602 in the natural state. After the water pressure inside the water bladder pad 7 increases, the piston 604 is squeezed to slide from the position of the water inlet pipe 602 to the position of the pressure relief pipe 603, and the spring 605 is compressed accordingly.

[0060] A pressure reducing valve 606 is installed on the pressure relief pipe 603. The side curved surface of the water inlet pipe 602 is connected with a pressure sensor 607 for monitoring the water pressure inside the water inlet pipe 602. One side of the pressure sensor 607 is electrically connected with an alarm 608.

[0061] Specifically, when the upper rock collapses and presses down on the rigid support 2 and the water bladder pad 7, the water pressure inside the water bladder pad 7 will increase accordingly. If the water pressure between the water bladder pads 7 is too high and the pressure balance cannot be achieved through the hose 5, then the water flow will be guided into the pressure control pipe 601, squeezing the piston 604 to slide along the pressure control pipe 601, and at the same time squeezing the spring 605 to compress. The excess water is stored through the pressure control pipe 601 to preliminarily adjust the water pressure inside the water bladder pad 7. When the water pressure inside the water bladder pad 7 continues to increase, the spring 605 is compressed to the maximum state. At this time, the piston 604 slides to the end of the pressure control pipe 601, and the water inside the pressure control pipe 601 enters the pressure relief pipe 603 for secondary pressure relief.

[0062] In addition, it is worth noting that the pressure reducing valve 606 adopts a one-way pressure reducing design to prevent the water in the water tank from flowing back. As the water inside the water bladder pad 7 gradually drains out, the water pressure drops until the water pressure reaches an equilibrium with the elastic force of the spring 605, and the piston 604 slowly resets to re-close the pressure relief pipe 603. If later due to partial loss of the rock layer on the inner wall of the tunnel, some of the rigid supports 2 are separated from the rock layer, at this time the water pressure inside the water bladder pad 7 drops, and the water pre-stored in the pressure control pipe 601 is squeezed into the water bladder pad 7 again under the elastic force of the spring 605, increasing the water pressure of the water bladder pad 7 and making the rigid support 2 at the top come into close contact with the rock layer again.

[0063] In addition, a pressure sensor 607 is installed on the water inlet pipe 602. The pressure sensor 607 is connected to an alarm 608. Once a large amount of the rock layer at the top of the tunnel is lost, resulting in a large gap between the top rigid support member 2 and the rock layer, the water in the water bladder pad 7 will timely adjust the position of the rigid support member 2 so that it contacts the rock layer at the top of the tunnel again. At the same time, the water pressure in the water bladder pad 7 will correspondingly decrease. When the pressure sensor 607 detects that the water pressure in the water inlet pipe 602 is lower than the safety threshold, it will convert the reading into a signal and transmit it to the alarm 608, thereby reminding the construction personnel to start the water pump in time to supplement the lost water volume. The water pressure in the water bladder pad 7 increases, squeezing the rigid support member 2 again to make up for the gap and making it press against and fix the rock layer again.

[0064] Working principle: First, the overall curvature of the double-layer arc support frame 1 needs to be adjusted according to the curvature of the tunnel vault. When the curvature of the tunnel vault is small, the piston rod 604 of the first hydraulic rod 303 is retracted, prompting one cross bar 301 to approach the other cross bar 301. At this time, the distance between the two cross bars 301 is reduced. The movement of the cross bar 301 drives the top limit rod 302 to move synchronously, and the limit rods 302 approach each other, thereby causing the fixing rings 101 at both ends of the double-layer arc support frame 1 to start approaching each other, resulting in the connecting rod 103 and the fixing ring 101 bulging upward. At the same time, the arc rod 104 at the bottom is also appropriately bent accordingly, and the curvature of the arc cover formed by the upper rigid support member 2 gradually decreases;

[0065] Next, the height of the bottom support mechanism 4 is adjusted according to the overall height of the tunnel. The second hydraulic rod 403 is started. As the piston rod 604 of the second hydraulic rod 403 squeezes the X bracket 401, the X brackets 401 start to approach each other, squeezing the lower support rods 402 at both ends of the X bracket 401 and the upper cross bar 301. At this time, the distance between the rigid support member 2 installed on the top double-layer arc support frame 1 and the tunnel vault gradually decreases. After the rigid support member 2 initially contacts the tunnel vault, the second hydraulic rod 403 is closed;

[0066] Then, the water pump is started. The other end of the water pump is connected to an underground water pipe. The water in the underground water pipe is gradually injected into the water inlet pipe 602 through the water pump and then transported to each water bladder pad 7 through the water inlet pipe 602. As the water pressure in the water bladder pad 7 increases, the contact between the rigid support member 2 and the tunnel vault is further strengthened. With the support of the bottom water bladder pad 7, the rigid support member 2 undulates on the surface of the water bladder pad 7. Each rigid support member 2 independently slides up and down along the fixing ring 101, and multiple rigid support members 2 are successively inserted into the soft rock layer at the top of the tunnel vault. By squeezing the soft rock layer rock and soil with the rigid support member 2, the gap at the top of the tunnel vault is effectively filled.

[0067] Finally, turn off the water pump and adjust the water pressure of the water bladder pad 7 in real time through the pressure control pipeline. Once the rock and soil at the top become loose and displaced, the number of rocks around the rigid support member 2 in direct contact with them decreases or increases, resulting in a corresponding increase or decrease in the void at the top of the rigid support member 2 at this position. At this time, the water inside the water bladder pad 7 starts to fluctuate, automatically readjusting each rigid support member 2 to ensure that they are in close contact with the rock layer again. If there is a large-scale loosening of the rock layer, multiple rigid support members 2 will displace simultaneously, and the water pressure in the water bladder pad 7 will change accordingly. When the water pressure rises, it squeezes the piston 604 to move, compressing the spring 605 to transfer the excess water to the water tank for temporary storage. When the water pressure drops, it triggers the pressure sensor 607 and the alarm 608 to give an alarm, and the staff can start the water pump in time for replenishment.

[0068] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adverse geology protection device for tunnel construction, comprising a plurality of double-layer arc-shaped support frames (1) arranged in parallel, characterized in that: A plurality of rigid support members (2) are provided on each of the double-layer arc-shaped support frames (1). The plurality of rigid support members (2) protrude upward to form an arc-shaped cover. Adjusting mechanisms (3) are installed at both ends of the double-layer arc-shaped support frame (1). The distance between both ends of the double-layer arc-shaped support frame (1) is adjusted through the adjusting mechanisms (3) to adjust the radian of the arc-shaped cover protruding upward of the rigid support members (2). A support mechanism (4) is installed at the bottom of the double-layer arc-shaped support frame (1) near the adjusting mechanisms (3). A water bladder pad (7) is provided inside each of the double-layer arc-shaped support frames (1). The water bladder pads (7) are connected by a hose (5). A pressure compensation mechanism (6) for controlling the water pressure inside the water bladder pad (7) is connected below one of the water bladder pads (7).

2. The bad geological protection device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-layer arc-shaped support frame (1) includes a plurality of fixing rings (101). Sleeve rods (102) are connected to the outside of the plurality of fixing rings (101). The plurality of sleeve rods (102) wrap the water bladder pad (7) inside. Adjacent sleeve rods (102) are connected by connecting rods (103). The rigid support members (2) are sleeved inside the fixing rings (101), and the bottom of the rigid support members (2) is attached above the water bladder pad (7).

3. The anti - poor - geology protection device for tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: An arc-shaped rod (104) is provided at the bottom of the water bladder pad (7). A chute is provided at a position corresponding to the sleeve rod (102) on the arc-shaped rod (104), and the sleeve rod (102) is inserted into the chute.

4. A protection device for bad geology in tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism (3) includes two cross bars (301). A plurality of limiting rods (302) are installed on the surface of the cross bars (301). The fixing rings (101) at both ends of the double-layer arc-shaped support frame (1) are connected to the limiting rods (302).

5. The protection device for bad geological conditions in tunnel construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: At least two first hydraulic rods (303) are installed inside the two cross bars (301). The first hydraulic rods (303) are respectively arranged at both ends of the two cross bars (301). By starting the first hydraulic rods (303), the distance between the two cross bars (301) is adjusted.

6. The protection device for bad geology in tunnel construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support mechanism (4) includes a plurality of X-shaped brackets (401). The X-shaped brackets (401) are connected by a plurality of shaft rods. The shaft rod above the X-shaped brackets (401) is connected to the cross bar (301). Lower support rods (402) are connected to the outside of the shaft rods below the X-shaped brackets (401). Second hydraulic rods (403) are installed on the outside of the shaft rods at both ends of the X-shaped brackets (401). Slideways are provided at the bottoms of the plurality of lower support rods (402).

7. The bad geological protection device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure compensation mechanism (6) includes a pressure control pipeline (601). An inlet pipeline (602) and a pressure relief pipeline (603) are respectively connected to the side of the pressure control pipeline (601). A piston (604) is provided inside the pressure control pipeline (601), and a spring (605) is connected to the back of the piston (604).

8. An adverse geology protection device for tunnel construction according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water inlet pipe (602) and the pressure relief pipe (603) are respectively arranged at two ends of the pressure control pipe (601). By delivering the water inside the water bladder pad (7) to the pressure control pipe (601), the water pressure inside the water bladder pad (7) is adjusted.

9. The bad geological protection device for tunnel construction according to claim 8, characterized in that: The piston (604) is located on the side close to the water inlet pipe (602) under the natural state. After the water pressure inside the water bladder pad (7) increases, the piston (604) is extruded to slide from the position of the water inlet pipe (602) to the position of the pressure relief pipe (603), and the spring (605) is compressed accordingly.

10. A protection device for bad geological conditions in tunnel construction according to claim 7, characterized in that: A pressure reducing valve (606) is installed on the pressure relief pipe (603). A pressure sensor (607) for monitoring the water pressure inside the water inlet pipe (602) is connected to the side curved surface of the water inlet pipe (602), and an alarm (608) is electrically connected to one side of the pressure sensor (607).

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