Gearbox self-lubricating structure with oil collecting and diverting parts and lubrication optimization method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a self-lubricating structure and lubrication optimization method for a gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting member. The structure includes an oil collecting and diverting member built into the housing (including a main oil collecting tank, input shaft / gear set lubrication pipeline) and a side lubrication oil circuit (auxiliary oil collecting tank, guide hole). The method intercepts splashing oil into the main oil collecting tank through a baffle, distributes the oil based on a dynamic comparison of the oil level and the boss height based on the oil rejection formula Q=k×b×v×h, and drips the oil into the bearing in a targeted manner through the lubrication pipeline. This solves the problems of uneven lubrication, poor speed ratio adaptation, and high oil stirring and heating in traditional gearboxes. No external oil pump is required, reducing energy consumption and manufacturing costs. Iron chips are intercepted to extend bearing life, achieving "high-speed shaft priority heat dissipation and low-speed shaft on-demand cooling" under full speed ratio conditions, thereby improving the operational stability of the gearbox.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention particularly relates to a gear box self-lubricating structure with an oil collecting and diverting component and a lubrication optimization method. Background Art

[0002] In order to keep the gearbox in normal operating condition, a certain amount of lubricating oil needs to be added to the gearbox oil pan. The lubricating oil can reduce the wear of the moving parts in the box, thereby increasing the service life of the entire box. The lubricating oil can also be dispersed into the gear structure through an oil storage box.

[0003] For example, the Chinese invention patent with publication number "CN11371960402" discloses an active lubrication structure and lubrication method for a gearbox with an oil storage box. The structure mainly includes a housing, a housing cover, an oil pump, a cooler, and an oil storage box. The housing and the housing cover cooperate to form a closed space. The input shaft, driven shaft, and output shaft are arranged in the housing (distributed in a triangular shape). An oil suction port is provided on the lower side wall. An oil pump is installed inside near the oil suction port, and the outside is connected to the cooler through a pipeline. The oil storage box is arranged in a triangular area between the input shaft and the output shaft and above the driven shaft. Multiple oil outlets are provided on both sides, and an oil inlet is provided on one side (inserted into the countersunk hole on the inner wall of the housing for positioning, and clamped and fixed at both ends by the housing and the housing cover). The oil circuit system: oil pump outlet → cooler → first pipeline → oil storage box inlet → oil storage box outlet → second pipeline / groove → bearing / input bearing seat, forming a closed-loop lubrication path. During gearbox operation, the oil pump, driven by the output shaft gear, draws oil from the bottom of the gearbox (where impurities are filtered out by a filter) and pumps it into an external cooler for cooling. The cooled oil flows through a first pipeline into an oil reservoir in the upper middle portion of the gearbox for temporary storage. Gravity then flows from the reservoir outlet through a second pipeline or groove to the bearings and input bearing seat for lubrication. This process lowers the oil level at the bottom of the gearbox (reducing the volume of oil churned by the gears), thereby reducing power loss and heat generation from churn. It also prevents high-temperature oil from directly lubricating the bearings, improving lubrication efficiency and overall gearbox performance.

[0004] The prior art (CN11371960402) has the following technical problems:

[0005] First, the existing technology uses the output shaft gear to drive the oil pump to pump oil, which requires additional gearbox power consumption and reduces transmission efficiency; at the same time, the arrangement of the oil pump, cooler and external pipelines (first / second pipelines) increases the external space occupied by the box (for example, the cooler needs to be connected to the outside of the box through connecting ear screws), the structure is highly complex (the casting mold needs to reserve space for pipeline installation), and the manufacturing cost increases.

[0006] Secondly, iron chips are generated during gear meshing. Existing technology only intercepts large impurities through filters at the oil pump inlet, while small iron chips easily penetrate the filters and enter the oil circulation. Once iron chips enter the bearings, they intensify wear on the rollers and raceways, ultimately shortening the bearing life.

[0007] Furthermore, the oil reservoir outlet distributes oil to the bearings through a fixed pipeline, without dynamically adjusting the distribution ratio based on the speed ratio. At high speed ratios, insufficient oil can cause the high-speed shaft bearings to heat up. At low speed ratios, excess oil can cause the low-speed shaft bearings to heat up, ultimately affecting gearbox performance. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing technologies and provide a gearbox self-lubricating structure and a lubrication optimization method with an oil collecting and diverting part. Through the oil collecting and diverting part, the main oil collecting tank and the lubrication pipeline, and through the oil throwing amount formula, the intelligent distribution of oil is dynamically realized to lubricate the bearings at various locations and reduce the temperature rise of the gearbox.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting member, comprising a housing provided with a cavity therein and a driven shaft, a transmission shaft and an output shaft installed in the housing, wherein lubricating oil is contained in the housing, an end of the housing is connected to an input bearing seat, the input bearing seat is rotatably connected to an input shaft, a bevel gear pair is provided at the end of the input shaft facing the inner side of the housing, the driven shaft is linked to an input gear pair meshing with the bevel gear pair for transmission, the transmission shaft is linked to a transmission gear pair meshing with the driven shaft for transmission, and the output shaft is linked to a gear pair meshing with the bevel gear pair for transmission. The output gear pair of the transmission shaft meshing transmission is characterized in that: an oil collecting and diverting member distributed above the driven shaft and the transmission shaft is provided in the housing, the oil collecting and diverting member is provided with a main oil collecting tank, an input shaft lubrication pipeline, and a gear set lubrication pipeline, the oil inlet end of the input shaft lubrication pipeline is connected to the main oil collecting tank, and the oil outlet end of the input shaft lubrication pipeline extends to above the input shaft, the oil inlet end of the gear set lubrication pipeline is connected to the main oil collecting tank, and the oil outlet end of the gear set lubrication pipeline extends to the side of the housing, and the side of the housing is provided with a lubricating oil circuit structure for lubricating the driven shaft and the intermediate shaft.

[0010] The above technical solution, firstly, can not only lubricate the bearings at various locations and reduce the temperature rise of the gear box, but also does not require an external oil pump drive. The splash kinetic energy of the gear rotation is used to passively recover the oil - when the gear stirs the oil, the oil splashes into the main oil collection tank, and the oil relies on gravity or splash kinetic energy to complete collection and distribution. No external power drive is required, thus avoiding transmission efficiency loss. Secondly, the present invention only achieves lubrication through the oil collection and diversion parts built into the box and the side lubrication oil circuit structure, eliminating the external oil pump, cooler and complex pipelines, and reducing costs.

[0011] The above-mentioned gearbox self-lubricating structure with oil collecting and diverting parts can be further configured as follows: the input shaft lubrication pipeline includes an input shaft oil inlet channel, an input shaft oil passage channel, and an input shaft oil outlet channel which are arranged and connected in sequence, the input shaft oil passage channel and the input shaft oil inlet channel are parallel to each other and arranged in a staggered manner, and the oil collecting and diverting parts are provided with an arc-shaped corner groove distributed between the input shaft oil passage channel and the input shaft oil outlet channel, the opening of the arc-shaped corner groove is opposite to the input shaft oil inlet channel, and the input shaft oil inlet channel is distributed on the side of the arc-shaped corner groove.

[0012] With the above technical solution, when the iron chips (with a density much greater than that of the oil) generated by the meshing of the gears enter the input shaft lubrication pipeline along with the oil, the oil flows from the input shaft oil inlet channel into the parallel, offset input shaft oil passage channel, and must pass through the arc-shaped corner groove. Since the inertia of the iron chips is much greater than that of the oil, their movement trajectory is closer to a straight line, and they will deviate from the main oil channel and hit the side wall of the groove (the groove opening is opposite to the oil inlet channel, and the oil inlet channel is distributed on the side of the groove), and eventually settle in the groove; and due to its viscosity and fluidity, the oil can follow the flow channel to enter the input shaft oil outlet channel. Small iron chips are effectively intercepted by the principle of density difference and inertia separation. The present invention solves the problem that the existing technology cannot effectively intercept small iron chips, causing bearing wear, through the design of the arc-shaped corner groove and offset channel of the input shaft lubrication pipeline.

[0013] The above-mentioned self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with oil collecting and diverting parts can be further configured as follows: the gear group lubrication pipeline includes a gear group oil inlet channel and a gear group oil outlet channel arranged in sequence and connected in sequence, the gear group oil inlet channel is parallel to the input shaft oil inlet channel, the gear group oil outlet channel is arranged along the axial direction parallel to the driven shaft, both ends of the gear group oil outlet channel extend toward both sides of the box body respectively, and both sides of the box body are provided with a lubricating oil circuit structure with the same structure.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the gear group oil inlet channel is arranged in parallel with the input shaft oil inlet channel, so that the oil in the main oil collecting tank can be diverted to the two lubrication pipelines at the same time, avoiding the oil from being retained in the main oil collecting tank and improving the oil collection and utilization rate; the gear group oil outlet channel extends axially along the driven shaft and is arranged symmetrically on both sides of the box body, and cooperates with the lubrication oil circuits with consistent structures on both sides, ensuring symmetrical lubrication of gear group components such as the driven shaft and transmission shaft, avoiding local wear or temperature rise caused by insufficient lubrication on one side.

[0015] The above-mentioned self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting member can be further configured as follows: a first positioning hole is provided on the side of the box body corresponding to the driven shaft, and the end of the driven shaft is linked to a first bearing seat installed in the first positioning hole; a second positioning hole is provided on the side of the box body corresponding to the transmission shaft, and the end of the transmission shaft is linked to a second bearing seat installed in the second positioning hole; a third positioning hole is provided on the side of the box body corresponding to the output shaft, and the end of the output shaft is linked to a third bearing seat installed in the third positioning hole; the outer side of the box body is connected to a gear set end cover for covering the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole, and an output shaft end cover for covering the third positioning hole; the lubricating oil path structure includes a first secondary oil collecting groove distributed above the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole, and a second secondary oil collecting groove distributed above the third positioning hole; at least one group of first guide holes connected to the inner end surface of the gear set end cover is provided below the first secondary oil collecting groove, and at least one group of second guide holes connected to the inner end surface of the output shaft end cover is provided below the second secondary oil collecting groove.

[0016] Using this technical solution, the first secondary oil collecting tank is located above the first and second positioning holes of the driven and transmission shafts, and the second secondary oil collecting tank is located above the third positioning hole of the output shaft. Gravity is used to allow the oil to flow naturally into the secondary oil collecting tanks. The first guide hole connects to the inner end face of the gear unit end cover, and the second guide hole connects to the inner end face of the output shaft end cover. Oil flows along the oil guide path on the inner surface of the end cover directly to the bearing roller and raceway area (the inner end face of the end cover is in contact with the bearing seat, resulting in a short oil flow path and low resistance), ensuring lubrication of all bearings. The lubrication oil circuit structure is consistent on both sides of the housing (the first secondary oil collecting tank and the first guide hole are symmetrically distributed), allowing lubrication of the bearings on both the driven and transmission shafts, avoiding localized wear or temperature rise caused by insufficient lubrication on one side.

[0017] The above-mentioned gearbox self-lubricating structure with oil collecting and diverting parts can be further configured as follows: the oil collecting and diverting parts are provided with an oil inlet partition distributed between the gear group oil inlet channel and the input shaft oil inlet channel, and the oil inlet partition is penetrated by a rectangular through hole, and the gear group oil inlet channel is connected to the input shaft oil inlet channel through the rectangular through hole.

[0018] With this technical solution, the rectangular through-hole in the oil inlet baffle serves as a connecting structure between the two channels, allowing oil to flow between them. If the input shaft oil inlet channel has high resistance and insufficient flow, oil can be replenished from the gear set oil inlet channel to the input shaft channel through the rectangular through-hole. Conversely, if the gear set channel has excessive flow, some oil can be diverted to the input shaft channel through the through-hole.

[0019] The above-mentioned self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with oil collecting and diverting parts can be further configured as follows: a boss is provided below the oil inlet channel of the gear group, the boss is higher than the bottom surface of the oil inlet channel of the input shaft, the boss is located at the end away from the main oil collecting tank and is connected to the gear group oil passage arranged downwardly inclined, and the gear group oil outlet channel is connected to the bottom of the gear group oil passage channel.

[0020] With the above technical solution, the height of the boss is higher than the bottom surface of the input shaft oil inlet channel, forming a "threshold" for oil diversion - when the gearbox speed ratio is large and the gear oil throwing amount is small, the oil level in the main oil sump is lower than the boss, and the oil can only flow into the input shaft lubrication pipeline through the input shaft oil inlet channel, giving priority to meeting the lubrication needs of high-speed input shaft bearings (fast speed and high temperature); when the speed ratio is small and the oil throwing amount is large, the oil level exceeds the boss, and the oil passes over the boss and enters the downward-inclined gear group oil passage, and is finally distributed to the gear group bearings through the gear group oil outlet channel, avoiding retention and heating caused by excess oil.

[0021] The above-mentioned self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with the oil collecting and diverting member can be further configured as follows: a baffle integrally formed with the oil collecting and diverting member is provided above the main oil collecting tank.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the splashing oil is guided to fall into the main oil collecting tank as much as possible.

[0023] A lubrication optimization method for a gearbox self-lubricating structure with an oil collecting and diverting member as described in any one of the above items is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Oil collection: When the gearbox is running, the gears of the driven shaft, transmission shaft, and output shaft rotate and stir the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box. The splashing oil is intercepted by the baffle above the main oil collecting tank of the oil collecting and diverting component and diverted into the main oil collecting tank;

[0025] Step 2, dynamic diversion: Calculate the oil swishing amount according to the formula "Q = k × 02 × v × h", where Q represents the oil stirring amount, k is the empirical coefficient, 02 is the gear width, v is the gear pitch circle linear speed, n is the speed, and h is the oil immersion volume. Dynamically distribute the oil based on the oil level in the main oil sump and the height of the boss below the gear set oil inlet channel;

[0026] Step 3, directional lubrication: The oil in the input shaft lubrication pipeline passes through the input shaft oil inlet channel, the input shaft oil passage, and the input shaft oil outlet channel, and drips to the top of the input bearing seat; the oil in the gear set lubrication pipeline passes through the gear set oil inlet channel, the gear set oil passage, and the gear set oil outlet channel, and flows into the first secondary oil collecting tank on the side of the housing, and lubricates the driven shaft and the transmission shaft's respective linked bearings through the first guide hole. The output shaft gear rotates to stir the lubricating oil at the bottom of the housing, and the oil splashes into the second secondary oil collecting tank, and lubricates the driving shaft's linked bearings through the second guide hole.

[0027] The above lubrication optimization method can be further configured as follows: in step 2, when the oil level is higher than the boss, the oil flows into the input shaft lubrication pipeline and the gear set lubrication pipeline at the same time; when the oil level is lower than the boss, the oil only flows through the input shaft lubrication pipeline.

[0028] The above lubrication optimization method can be further configured as follows: in step 2, the rectangular through hole of the oil inlet partition dynamically adjusts the oil pressure of the input shaft lubrication pipeline and the gear set lubrication pipeline to avoid excessive oil pressure on one side.

[0029] With the above technical solution, intelligent oil distribution is achieved in step 2 through a dynamic comparison of the oil level in the main oil sump and the boss height: when the speed ratio is large, the oil throw-off volume Q is small, the oil level is lower than the boss, and the oil is preferentially supplied to the high-speed shaft bearings (fast speed, high temperature, and more oil is needed for heat dissipation) only through the input shaft lubrication pipeline (100% oil volume), avoiding temperature rise caused by insufficient oil; when the speed ratio is small, the oil throw-off volume Q is large, the oil level is higher than the boss, and the oil is distributed to the input shaft and gear set lubrication pipelines at the same time to meet the needs of the low-speed shaft bearings (large load, requiring more oil for cooling), avoiding excessive oil retention and heating. In step 3, the short-path dripping of the input shaft lubrication pipeline (the input shaft oil outlet channel extends directly to the top of the input bearing seat) and the axial diversion of the gear set lubrication pipeline (the gear set oil outlet channel is arranged axially along the driven shaft) ensure that the oil reaches the bearings that need lubrication accurately according to the distribution ratio. Combined with the dynamic adjustment of step 2, it ultimately achieves "high-speed shaft priority heat dissipation and low-speed shaft cooling on demand" under full speed ratio conditions, solving the problem of "high-speed shaft lacking oil and heating up, and low-speed shaft oil retention" caused by traditional fixed distribution, and improving the operating stability of the gearbox under all working conditions.

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an oil collecting and diverting member according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a box according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Reference numerals: housing 1, first positioning hole 101, second positioning hole 102, third positioning hole 103, first secondary oil collecting groove 104, first guide hole 105, second secondary oil collecting groove 106, second guide hole 107; input bearing seat 2; input shaft 3, bevel gear pair 301; transmission shaft 4, transmission gear pair 401; driven shaft 5, input gear pair 501; output shaft 6, output gear pair 601; oil collecting and diverting component 7, main oil collecting groove 701, input shaft oil inlet channel 702, input shaft oil outlet channel 703, input shaft oil passage 704, arc-shaped corner groove 705, gear set oil inlet channel 706, gear set oil outlet channel 707, gear set oil passage 708, oil inlet partition 709, rectangular through hole 7010, boss 7011, baffle 7012; gear set end cover 8, output shaft end cover 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1: Figures 1 to 4The self-lubricating structure of the gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting member 7 shown in the figure comprises a housing 1 with a cavity therein and a driven shaft 5, a transmission shaft 4, and an output shaft 6 installed in the housing 1. Lubricating oil is contained in the housing 1. The end of the housing 1 is connected to an input bearing seat 2, which is rotatably connected to an input shaft 3. The end of the input shaft 3 facing the inside of the housing 1 is provided with a bevel gear pair 301. The driven shaft 5 is linked to an input gear pair 501 meshing with the bevel gear pair 301. The transmission shaft 4 is linked to a transmission gear pair 401 meshing with the driven shaft 5. The output shaft 6 is linked to a transmission shaft 401 meshing with the driven shaft 5. The output gear pair 601 of the meshing transmission is provided with an oil collecting and diverting member 7 distributed above the driven shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 4 in the housing 1. The oil collecting and diverting member 7 is provided with a main oil collecting tank 701, an input shaft lubrication pipeline, and a gear set lubrication pipeline. The oil inlet end of the input shaft lubrication pipeline is connected to the main oil collecting tank 701, and the oil outlet end of the input shaft lubrication pipeline extends to above the input shaft 3. The oil inlet end of the gear set lubrication pipeline is connected to the main oil collecting tank 701, and the oil outlet end of the gear set lubrication pipeline extends to the side of the housing 1. The side of the housing 1 is provided with a lubricating oil circuit structure for lubricating the driven shaft 5 and the intermediate shaft. Firstly, it can not only lubricate the bearings at various locations and reduce the temperature rise of the gear box, but also does not require an external oil pump drive. The splash kinetic energy of the gear rotation is used to passively recover the oil - when the gear stirs the oil, the oil splashes to the main oil collecting tank 701, and the oil relies on gravity or splash kinetic energy to complete collection and distribution. No external power drive is required, thus avoiding transmission efficiency loss. Secondly, the present invention only achieves lubrication through the oil collecting and diverting component 7 built into the box body 1 and the side lubricating oil circuit structure, eliminating the external oil pump, cooler and complex pipelines, and reducing costs.

[0038] The input shaft lubrication line includes an input shaft oil inlet channel 702, an input shaft oil passage 704, and an input shaft oil outlet channel 703, which are arranged and connected in sequence. The input shaft oil passage 704 and the input shaft oil inlet channel 702 are parallel and offset. The oil collecting and diverting member 7 is provided with an arcuate corner groove 705 located between the input shaft oil passage 704 and the input shaft oil outlet channel 703. The opening of the arcuate corner groove 705 faces the input shaft oil inlet channel 702, which is located to the side of the arcuate corner groove 705. When iron filings (much denser than the oil) generated by gear meshing enter the input shaft lubrication line along with the oil, the oil flows from the input shaft oil inlet channel 702 into the parallel, offset input shaft oil passage 704, passing through the arcuate corner groove 705. Because the inertia of iron chips is much greater than that of the oil, their trajectory is closer to a straight line. They may deviate from the main oil flow path and strike the sidewalls of the groove (the groove opening is opposite the oil inlet channel, which is located on the side of the groove), ultimately settling in the groove. However, due to its viscosity and fluidity, the oil can follow the flow path and enter the input shaft oil outlet channel 703. By leveraging the principles of density difference and inertial separation, small iron chips are effectively intercepted. The present invention, through the curved corner groove 705 and the offset channel design of the input shaft lubrication line, specifically addresses the problem of existing technologies that cannot effectively intercept small iron chips, leading to bearing wear.

[0039] The gear set lubrication pipeline includes a gear set oil inlet channel 706 and a gear set oil outlet channel 707, which are arranged and connected in sequence. The gear set oil inlet channel 706 is parallel to the input shaft oil inlet channel 702, and the gear set oil outlet channel 707 is arranged along the axis parallel to the driven shaft 5. Both ends of the gear set oil outlet channel 707 extend toward the two sides of the housing 1, and both sides of the housing 1 are provided with a lubricating oil circuit structure with the same structure. The gear set oil inlet channel 706 is arranged parallel to the input shaft oil inlet channel 702, so that the oil in the main oil collection tank 701 can be diverted to the two lubrication pipelines at the same time, preventing oil from being retained in the main oil collection tank 701 and improving the oil collection and utilization rate. The gear set oil outlet channel 707 extends axially along the driven shaft 5 and is arranged symmetrically on both sides of the housing 1. In conjunction with the lubricating oil circuits with the same structure on both sides, it ensures symmetrical lubrication of the gear set components such as the driven shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 4, avoiding local wear or temperature rise caused by insufficient lubrication on one side.

[0040] The side of the housing 1 is provided with a first positioning hole 101 corresponding to the driven shaft 5, and the end of the driven shaft 5 is linked with a first bearing seat installed in the first positioning hole 101. The side of the housing 1 is provided with a second positioning hole 102 corresponding to the transmission shaft 4, and the end of the transmission shaft 4 is linked with a second bearing seat installed in the second positioning hole 102. The side of the housing 1 is provided with a third positioning hole 103 corresponding to the output shaft 6, and the end of the output shaft 6 is linked with a third bearing seat installed in the third positioning hole 103. The outside of the housing 1 is connected with a cover for the first positioning hole 101 and the third positioning hole 102. The gear set end cover 8 has two locating holes 102, and the output shaft end cover 9 is used to cover the third locating hole 103. The lubricating oil circuit structure includes a first secondary oil collecting groove 104 distributed above the first locating hole 101 and the second locating hole 102, and a second secondary oil collecting groove 106 distributed above the third locating hole 103. Below the first secondary oil collecting groove 104 is at least one set of first guide holes 105 connected to the inner end surface of the gear set end cover 8, and below the second secondary oil collecting groove 106 is at least one set of second guide holes 107 connected to the inner end surface of the output shaft end cover 9. The first secondary oil collecting groove 104 is located above the first and second locating holes 102 of the driven shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 4, while the second secondary oil collecting groove 106 is located above the third locating hole 103 of the output shaft 6. The oil flows naturally into the secondary oil collecting grooves by gravity. First guide hole 105 connects to the inner end surface of gear unit end cover 8, while second guide hole 107 connects to the inner end surface of output shaft end cover 9. Oil flows along the oil guide path on the inner surface of the end cover directly to the bearing roller and raceway area (the inner end surface of the end cover is in close contact with the bearing seat, shortening the oil flow path and minimizing resistance), ensuring lubrication of all bearings. The lubrication oil circuit structure on both sides of housing 1 is consistent (the first secondary oil collecting groove 104 and the first guide hole 105 are symmetrically distributed), allowing lubrication of the bearings on both driven shaft 5 and transmission shaft 4, preventing localized wear or temperature rise caused by insufficient lubrication on one side.

[0041] The oil collecting and diverting member 7 is equipped with an oil inlet baffle 709, located between the gear set oil inlet channel 706 and the input shaft oil inlet channel 702. A rectangular through-hole 7010 extends through the oil inlet baffle 709, connecting the gear set oil inlet channel 706 to the input shaft oil inlet channel 702. The rectangular through-hole 7010 in the oil inlet baffle 709 serves as a connecting structure between the two channels, allowing oil to flow between them. If the input shaft oil inlet channel 702 has high resistance and insufficient flow, oil can be replenished from the gear set oil inlet channel 706 to the input shaft channel 3 through the rectangular through-hole 7010. Conversely, if the gear set channel has excessive flow, some oil can be diverted through the through-hole to the input shaft channel 3.

[0042] A boss 7011 is provided below the gear set oil inlet channel 706. The boss 7011 is higher than the bottom surface of the input shaft oil inlet channel 702. The boss 7011 is located at the end away from the main oil collecting tank 701 and is connected to the gear set oil passage 708 arranged downwardly inclined. The gear set oil outlet channel 707 is connected to the bottom of the gear set oil passage 708. The height of the boss 7011 is higher than the bottom surface of the input shaft oil inlet channel 702, forming a "threshold" for oil diversion - when the gearbox speed ratio is large and the gear oil throwing amount is small, the oil level in the main oil collecting tank 701 is lower than the boss 7011, and the oil can only flow into the input shaft lubrication pipeline through the input shaft oil inlet channel 702, giving priority to meeting the lubrication needs of the high-speed input shaft 3 bearing (fast speed and high temperature); when the speed ratio is small and the oil throwing amount is large, the oil level exceeds the boss 7011, and the oil passes over the boss 7011 and enters the downward-inclined gear set oil passage 708, and is finally distributed to the gear set bearings through the gear set oil outlet channel 707, avoiding stagnation and heating caused by excess oil.

[0043] A baffle 7012 integrally formed with the oil collecting and diverting member 7 is provided above the main oil collecting tank 701 to guide the splashing oil to fall into the main oil collecting tank 701 as much as possible.

[0044] Embodiment 2: A lubrication optimization method for a gearbox self-lubricating structure with an oil collecting and diverting member 7 according to embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0045] Step 1, oil collection: The gearbox is running, and the gears (pitch circle diameter 0.45m, width 0.1m) of the driven shaft 5, transmission shaft 4, and output shaft 6 rotate at an input speed of 1500r / min. (According to V= , where n is the gear speed of output shaft 6 and d is the pitch circle diameter (this provides the linear velocity of the gear at each speed ratio). h is the oil volume (0.018 m). The lubricating oil at the bottom of housing 1 is stirred (the oil level should cover 15% of the large gear, i.e., the oil volume h = 0.018 m). The splashing oil is intercepted by baffle 7m above the main oil sump 701 of the oil collection and diversion component 7. The oil is then diverted along the inner surface of baffle 7m to the main oil sump 701.

[0046] Step 2, dynamic diversion: Calculate the oil rejection amount according to the formula “Q = k×b×v×h”, where Q represents the amount of oil stirring (unit: “m 3 / s"), k is the empirical coefficient, b is the gear width (unit is "m"), v is the gear pitch circle linear speed (unit is "m / s"), n is the speed, h is the immersion oil volume (unit is "m"), calculate the Q value (unit is "m 3 / s") is converted to "L / min." Oil is dynamically distributed based on the oil level in the main oil sump 701 and the height of the boss 7011 below the gear train oil inlet channel 706. When the oil level is above the boss 7011, oil flows into both the input shaft lubrication line and the gear train lubrication line. When the oil level is below the boss 7011, oil flows only through the input shaft lubrication line. The rectangular through-hole 7010 in the oil inlet baffle 709 dynamically adjusts the oil pressure in both the input shaft lubrication line and the gear train lubrication line to prevent excessive oil pressure on one side.

[0047] The table shows the oil throw of the output gear pair 601 at different speed ratios. At speed ratios of 16 and 90, the output gear oil throw is 15.3L / min and 2.1L / min, respectively. This significant difference in oil throw is due to the higher speed of the input shaft 3 bearings, which experience a higher temperature rise than other shaft bearings. Therefore, a larger proportion of oil should be allocated to the input shaft 3. At speed ratios around 16, the output speed is high, churning a large amount of oil, which is collected in the main oil sump 701. Due to the small difference in the number of teeth in the first stage, the first-stage driven shaft 5 rotates faster, requiring more oil to dissipate heat. When the oil is high, this device can divert 60% of the oil from the bearings on both sides of the driven shaft 5, with the remaining 40% going to the input bearing seat 2. As the 40% oil flows into the first stage, there's a certain curvature and channel at the corner, allowing excess oil to reach the first driven stage and achieve a 2 / 8 split for iron chips. The gearbox speed ratio is generally constant, but at a certain ratio, iron chips can be agitated and deposited in the oil collection sump of the oil collection device. If some iron chips enter the lubrication pipeline with the oil, the flying sand weir structure effectively prevents them from entering the input stage drive shaft bearing. The iron chips swirl around the groove at the corner, enter the channels of the two lubrication lines, and then flow along the driven lubrication line into the oil collection sump on the side wall of case 1. They then pass through the inner cavity of the end cover and flow out the oil return hole, indirectly improving the life of the input shaft 3 bearing. When the speed ratio is 90, the output gear churns less oil, the input stage speed ratio reaches 4.5, and the input stage driven shaft 5 rotates at a low speed. The oil level in the main oil sump 701 will not be higher than the boss 7011, and the input stage driving shaft receives 100% of the oil for lubrication and heat dissipation. As the speed ratio increases from 16 to 90, the oil volume received by the driving shaft decreases, but its oil distribution ratio increases, so it still receives a relatively large amount of oil. Other speed ratios will not be discussed in detail.

[0048] speed ratio 12.5 14 16 18 20 22.4 Oil stirring amount 15.3 13.6 11.9 10.6 9.5 8.5 speed ratio 25 28 31.5 35.5 40 45 Pump oil volume 7.6 6.8 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.2 speed ratio 50 56 63 71 80 90 Pump oil volume 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.1

[0049] Step 3, directional lubrication: the oil in the input shaft lubrication pipeline is dripped onto the top of the input bearing seat 2 through the input shaft oil inlet channel 702, the input shaft oil passage 704, and the input shaft oil outlet channel 703; the oil in the gear set lubrication pipeline is flowed into the first secondary oil collecting tank 104 on the side of the housing 1 through the gear set oil inlet channel 706, the gear set oil passage 708, and the gear set oil outlet channel 707, and lubricates the bearings of the driven shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 4 respectively through the first guide hole 105. The gear of the output shaft 6 rotates to stir the lubricating oil at the bottom of the housing 1, and the oil splashes into the second secondary oil collecting tank 106, and lubricates the bearings of the driving shaft through the second guide hole 107.

[0050] The short-path drip injection of the input shaft lubrication pipeline of the second embodiment (the input shaft oil outlet channel 703 extends directly to the top of the input bearing seat 2) and the axial diversion of the gear set lubrication pipeline (the gear set oil outlet channel 707 is arranged axially along the driven shaft 5) ensure that the oil reaches the bearings that need lubrication accurately according to the distribution ratio. Combined with dynamic adjustment, it ultimately achieves "high-speed shaft priority heat dissipation and low-speed shaft cooling on demand" under full speed ratio conditions, solving the problem of "high-speed shaft lacking oil and heating up, and low-speed shaft having more oil retention" caused by traditional fixed distribution, and improving the operating stability of the gearbox under all working conditions.

Claims

1. A self-lubricating gearbox structure with an oil collecting and diverting member comprises a housing with a cavity therein, and a driven shaft, a transmission shaft, and an output shaft mounted within the housing. The housing contains lubricating oil, an input bearing seat is connected to one end of the housing, an input shaft is rotatably connected to the input bearing seat, a bevel gear pair is provided at the end of the input shaft facing the inner side of the housing, the driven shaft is linked to an input gear pair meshing with the bevel gear pair, the transmission shaft is linked to a transmission gear pair meshing with the driven shaft, and the output shaft is linked to an output gear pair meshing with the transmission shaft. The structure is characterized in that: The box body is provided with an oil collecting and diverting member distributed above the driven shaft and the transmission shaft, and the oil collecting and diverting member is provided with a main oil collecting tank, an input shaft lubrication pipeline, and a gear set lubrication pipeline. The oil inlet end of the input shaft lubrication pipeline is connected to the main oil collecting tank, and the oil outlet end of the input shaft lubrication pipeline extends to the top of the input shaft. The oil inlet end of the gear set lubrication pipeline is connected to the main oil collecting tank, and the oil outlet end of the gear set lubrication pipeline extends to the side of the box body. The side of the box body is provided with a lubricating oil circuit structure for lubricating the driven shaft and the intermediate shaft. The input shaft lubrication pipeline includes an input shaft oil inlet channel, an input shaft oil passage channel, and an input shaft oil outlet channel which are arranged and connected in sequence. The input shaft oil passage is connected to the input The shaft oil inlet channels are parallel to each other and arranged in a staggered manner. The oil collecting and diverting member is provided with an arc-shaped corner groove distributed between the input shaft oil passage and the input shaft oil outlet channel. The opening of the arc-shaped corner groove is opposite to the input shaft oil inlet channel, and the input shaft oil inlet channel is distributed on the side of the arc-shaped corner groove. The gear set lubrication pipeline includes a gear set oil inlet channel and a gear set oil outlet channel that are arranged and connected in sequence. The gear set oil inlet channel is parallel to the input shaft oil inlet channel, and the gear set oil outlet channel is arranged along an axial direction parallel to the driven shaft. Both ends of the gear set oil outlet channel extend toward both sides of the box body respectively, and both sides of the box body are provided with a lubricating oil circuit structure with the same structure.

2. The self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting member according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear train of claim 1, wherein the first and second gears are connected along the length of the gear train to a shaft connected to the gear train, the gear train having a first end connected to a shaft connected to the shaft by a coupling between the first and second gears and the bearing of the gear train.

3. The self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting member according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oil collecting and diverting member is provided with an oil inlet partition distributed between the gear set oil inlet channel and the input shaft oil inlet channel. A rectangular through hole is passed through the oil inlet partition. The gear set oil inlet channel is connected to the input shaft oil inlet channel through the rectangular through hole.

4. The self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting member according to claim 3, characterized in that: A boss is provided below the gear set oil inlet channel, and the boss is higher than the bottom surface of the input shaft oil inlet channel. The boss is located at the end away from the main oil collecting tank and is connected to the gear set oil passage arranged downwardly. The gear set oil outlet channel is connected to the bottom of the gear set oil passage.

5. The self-lubricating structure of a gearbox with an oil collecting and diverting member according to claim 4, characterized in that: A baffle integrally formed with the oil collecting and diverting member is provided above the main oil collecting tank.

6. A lubrication optimization method for a gearbox self-lubricating structure with an oil collecting and diverting member according to claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: Oil collection: When the gearbox is running, the gears of the driven shaft, transmission shaft, and output shaft rotate and stir the lubricating oil at the bottom of the box. The splashing oil is intercepted by the baffle above the main oil collecting tank of the oil collecting and diverting component and diverted into the main oil collecting tank; Step 2: Dynamic flow distribution: Calculate the oil swishing volume using the formula "Q = k × b × v × h," where Q represents the oil churning volume, k is the empirical coefficient, b is the gear width, and v is the gear pitch circle linear speed. n is the speed, and h is the oil immersion volume. Dynamically distribute the oil based on the oil level in the main sump and the height of the boss below the gear set's oil inlet channel. Step 3, directional lubrication: The oil in the input shaft lubrication pipeline passes through the input shaft oil inlet channel, the input shaft oil passage, and the input shaft oil outlet channel, and drips to the top of the input bearing seat; the oil in the gear set lubrication pipeline passes through the gear set oil inlet channel, the gear set oil passage, and the gear set oil outlet channel, and flows into the first secondary oil collecting tank on the side of the housing, and lubricates the driven shaft and the transmission shaft's respective linked bearings through the first guide hole. The output shaft gear rotates to stir the lubricating oil at the bottom of the housing, and the oil splashes into the second secondary oil collecting tank, and lubricates the driving shaft's linked bearings through the second guide hole.

7. The lubrication optimization method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, when the oil level is higher than the boss, the oil flows into the input shaft lubrication pipeline and the gear set lubrication pipeline at the same time; when the oil level is lower than the boss, the oil only flows through the input shaft lubrication pipeline.

8. The lubrication optimization method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, the rectangular through hole of the oil inlet partition dynamically adjusts the oil pressure of the input shaft lubrication pipeline and the gear set lubrication pipeline to avoid excessive oil pressure on one side.

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