Hydrogen refueling station based on organic liquid hydrogen storage unit and design operation method and related device thereof

Abstract

According to the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit and the design operation method and the related device of the hydrogen refueling station, a general mathematical programming model for design and optimization of the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit is constructed, and multiple purposes of capacity configuration optimization, compressor type selection optimization, hydrogen supply optimization and the like of the whole process of the hydrogen refueling station are achieved; the hydrogen refueling station system has the safe storage and transportation capacity, the capacity of flexibly adapting to the dynamic hydrogen supply requirement is improved to a certain degree, the optimized hydrogen refueling station can meet diversified hydrogen supply scenes and diversified hydrogen demand scenes, and the purposes of improving the energy utilization efficiency, reducing the cost and promoting hydrogen energy industrialization development are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy and hydrogen energy, and specifically relates to a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, its design and operation methods, and related devices. Background Art

[0002] Currently, hydrogen transportation technologies mainly include high-pressure gas cylinder transportation, cryogenic liquid transportation, or pipeline transportation. Common hydrogen storage technologies mainly include the following categories: (1) High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage: Compressing hydrogen to high pressure (usually 350 - 700 bar) and storing it in high-pressure gas cylinders. This is a relatively mature hydrogen storage method for small-scale applications, but it has problems such as high energy consumption, complex equipment, and high leakage risk; (2) Cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage: Cooling and liquefying hydrogen and storing it in cryogenic tanks. It has a high hydrogen storage density, but the high energy consumption for cryogenic preparation and maintenance limits its economy; (3) Solid-state hydrogen storage: Using materials such as metal hydrides to absorb and release hydrogen. Although the hydrogen storage density is relatively high, the current cost is high, and the hydrogen absorption and release rate and cycle stability need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems of insufficient safety, low economy, and poor adaptability to dynamic demand in the hydrogen storage and supply systems of traditional hydrogen refueling stations. The present invention provides a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, its design and operation methods, and related devices.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, which may or may not include a hydrogen supply unit, and includes an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen compression unit, a hydrogen storage unit, and a filling unit; the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit includes a reactor and organic liquid storage tanks, the organic liquid storage tanks include a hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank and a hydrogen-poor organic liquid storage tank, and the reactor includes a hydrogenation reactor and a dehydrogenation reactor;

[0006] When the hydrogen supply unit is not included, the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogenation reactor receives external hydrogen; when the hydrogen supply unit is included, the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen supply unit is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogenation reactor; the liquid inlet of the hydrogenation reactor is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen-poor organic liquid storage tank, and the liquid outlet is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank; the outlet of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the dehydrogenation reactor, the hydrogen outlet of the dehydrogenation reactor is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen compression unit, the outlet of the hydrogen compression unit is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage unit, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is connected to the inlet of the filling unit; the liquid outlet of the dehydrogenation reactor is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen-poor organic liquid storage tank; the hydrogen compression unit includes multiple compressors.

[0007] Preferably, obtain the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station, use the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station as the input, solve the optimization model of the hydrogen refueling station, and obtain the capacity configuration plan, compressor selection plan and hydrogen supply plan of the hydrogen refueling station, or obtain the hydrogen supply plan of the hydrogen refueling station; wherein, the optimization goal of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model is to minimize the annual total cost of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0008] Further, the objective function of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model is:

[0009] minTAC = CRF×C inv +C oper

[0010] In the formula, TAC is the annual total cost of the hydrogen refueling station, C inv is the investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station, C oper is the operating cost of the hydrogen refueling station, and CRF is the capital recovery factor;

[0011] When the hydrogen supply unit is not included, the investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station is the sum of the investment costs of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen compression unit and hydrogen storage unit, and the operating cost of the hydrogen refueling station is the sum of the hydrogen purchase cost, organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen compression unit and hydrogen storage unit operating costs;

[0012] When the hydrogen supply unit is included, the investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station is the sum of the investment costs of the hydrogen supply unit, organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen compression unit and hydrogen storage unit, and the operating cost of the hydrogen refueling station is the sum of the operating costs of the hydrogen supply unit, organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen compression unit and hydrogen storage unit.

[0013] Further, the hydrogen storage unit is a hydrogen storage tank; the investment costs of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen compression unit and hydrogen storage unit are:

[0014]

[0015] The operating costs of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen compression unit and hydrogen storage unit are:

[0016]

[0017] In the formula, is the investment cost of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, is the investment cost of the hydrogen compression unit, is the investment cost of the hydrogen storage unit, is the capacity of the organic liquid storage tank j, is the volume of the reactor k, and the reactor includes a hydrogenation reactor and a dehydrogenation reactor, is the volume of the hydrogen storage tank, is the investment cost of the organic liquid storage tank per unit volume, is the investment cost of the reactor per unit volume, is the investment cost of the nth compressor, is the investment cost of the hydrogen storage tank per unit volume; is the operating cost of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, is the operating cost of the hydrogen compression unit, is the operating cost of the hydrogen storage unit, F t demand is the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station at time t, is the flow rate of the organic liquid flowing out of the organic liquid storage tank j at time t, is the flow rate of the organic liquid flowing into the reactor k at time t, is the operating power of the nth compressor at time t, is the hydrogen flow rate flowing into the hydrogen storage tank at time t, is the operating cost of the organic liquid storage tank, is the operating cost of the hydrogenation reactor and dehydrogenation reactor, is the operating cost of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0018] Furthermore, when the hydrogen supply unit is not included, the constraint conditions of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model include: the constraint conditions corresponding to the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen compression unit, hydrogen storage unit, and filling unit; when the hydrogen supply unit is included, the constraint conditions of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model include: the constraint conditions corresponding to the hydrogen supply unit, organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen compression unit, hydrogen storage unit, and filling unit.

[0019] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage unit is a hydrogen storage tank; the constraint conditions corresponding to the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit include: the hydrogen mass balance constraint of the hydrogenation reactor, the lean hydrogen organic liquid mass balance constraint, the rich hydrogen organic liquid mass balance constraint, and the hydrogenation reactor capacity constraint, the hydrogen mass balance constraint of the dehydrogenation reactor, the lean hydrogen organic liquid mass balance constraint, the rich hydrogen organic liquid mass balance constraint, and the dehydrogenation reactor capacity constraint, the mass balance constraint of the organic liquid storage tank, the inlet and outlet flow rate constraint, and the upper and lower limits of the capacity constraint, the compressor flow balance constraint and the compressor work constraint of the hydrogen compression unit, the hydrogen storage tank inlet flow rate constraint, the hydrogen storage tank pressure constraint, and the upper and lower limits of the hydrogen storage tank pressure constraint of the hydrogen storage unit, the filling machine inlet flow rate constraint and the hydrogenation demand constraint of the filling unit.

[0020] Furthermore, the constraint conditions corresponding to the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit are expressed as:

[0021]

[0022] η hydro Ft dehydrotank,out = r hydro V t hydroreactor M NEC

[0023] F t hydrotank,in = r hydro V t hydroreactor M 12-NEC

[0024]

[0025] F t dehydroreactor,in = r dehydro V t dehydroreactor M NEC

[0026] η dehydro F t dehydrotank,out = r dehydro V t dehydroreactor M 12-NEC

[0027]

[0028] Wherein, η hydro is the hydrogenation conversion rate, F t e is the hydrogen flow rate output from the electrolytic cell at time t, r hydro is the hydrogenation reaction rate, V t hydroreactor is the volume of the hydrogenation reactor participating in the reaction at time t, F t dehydrotank,out is the flow rate of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid flowing out of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid storage tank at time t, F t dehydrotank,in is the flow rate of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid flowing into the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid storage tank at time t, is the relative molecular mass of hydrogen, M NEC is the relative molecular mass of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid, M 12-NEC is the relative molecular mass of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid, is the volume of reactor k, r dehydro is the dehydrogenation reaction rate, V t dehydroreactor is the volume of the dehydrogenation reactor participating in the reaction at time t, η dehydro is the dehydrogenation conversion rate, F t hydrotank,out is the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid flowing out of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank at time t,t hydrotank,in is the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid flowing out of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank at time t, E t,j is the organic liquid storage volume of the organic liquid storage tank j at time t, F max is the maximum hydrogen flow rate that the pipeline of the organic liquid storage tank can allow to pass through is the design capacity of the organic liquid storage tank j is the minimum capacity coefficient of the organic liquid storage tank j is the maximum capacity coefficient of the organic liquid storage tank j

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a design operation system for a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, including:

[0030] A data acquisition module for acquiring the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station;

[0031] A calculation module for taking the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station as an input, solving the hydrogen refueling station optimization model, and obtaining the design variables and operation variables or operation variables of the hydrogen refueling station; wherein, the optimization objective of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model is to minimize the annual total cost of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0032] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the design operation method of the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit as described above.

[0033] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the design operation method of the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit as described above.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] By deeply integrating the organic liquid hydrogen storage technology into the hydrogen refueling station system, the present invention reconstructs the technical system of the traditional hydrogen refueling station from three aspects: safety, economy, and flexibility. Specifically, in terms of safety, the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit adopts a normal temperature and pressure storage and transportation mode, avoiding the tank fatigue risk of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and the phase change energy consumption problem of low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage. The separation configuration of the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactor and the organic liquid storage tank realizes the controllable release of hydrogen through the dynamic conversion of rich and lean hydrogen liquids, and controls the system pressure fluctuation within the safe threshold. In terms of economy, the unit volume cost of organic liquid hydrogen storage is reduced by about 30% compared with the traditional hydrogen storage method, and its transportation cost is only 60% of that of high-pressure trailers. In terms of flexibility, during the peak hydrogen refueling demand, the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit releases hydrogen to supplement the supply, and the hydrogen storage unit only needs to assist in peak shaving, improving the system response speed.

[0036] The design variables and operating variables of the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit are optimized through the hydrogen refueling station optimization model. The objective function of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model is to minimize the annual total cost of the hydrogen refueling station. Through this method, the integrated optimization of the configuration and operation of the hydrogen refueling station can be realized, and the full-process capacity configuration plan, compressor selection plan, and hydrogen supply plan of the hydrogen refueling station can be obtained. While realizing the efficient storage and safe transportation of hydrogen, the operation efficiency and dynamic hydrogen supply capacity of the hydrogen refueling station are improved to meet the demand for large-scale application of hydrogen energy under the background of new energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0038] Figure 1 Hydrogen refueling station design based on organic liquid hydrogen storage unit; (a) off-site hydrogen production; (b) on-site hydrogen production.

[0039] Figure 2 Hydrogen refueling station design optimization steps based on organic liquid hydrogen storage unit.

[0040] Figure 3 Hydrogen supply plan of hydrogen in the hydrogen refueling station in the embodiment of the present invention in the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit.

[0041] Figure 4 Hydrogen supply plan of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle group in the hydrogen refueling station in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0042] The following specific examples illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that the process equipment or devices not specifically noted in the following embodiments are all conventional equipment or devices in the art.

[0044] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. Moreover, unless otherwise specified, the numbers of the method steps are only convenient tools for identifying the method steps, rather than limiting the arrangement order of the method steps or the scope in which the present invention can be implemented. The change or adjustment of their relative relationships, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope in which the present invention can be implemented.

[0045] Figure 1 Two hydrogen refueling station process schemes based on organic liquid hydrogen storage units are shown, namely the off-site hydrogen supply scenario (a) and the on-site hydrogen production scenario (b).

[0046] In the off-site hydrogen supply scenario, a tube trailer can be used to supply hydrogen to a hydrogen refueling station. The hydrogen refueling station needs to be equipped with an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen compression unit, a hydrogen storage unit, and a refueling unit. The organic liquid hydrogen storage unit includes a reactor and an organic liquid storage tank. The organic liquid storage tank includes a hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank (hydrotank) and a hydrogen-lean organic liquid storage tank (dehydrotank). The reactor includes a hydrogenation reactor (hydroreactor) and a dehydrogenation reactor (dehydroreactor). The hydrogen compression unit includes multiple compressors. The hydrogen storage unit is a hydrogen storage tank. The refueling unit includes a refueling machine. After the tube trailer transports compressed hydrogen to the hydrogen refueling station, a hydrogenation reaction occurs between the compressed hydrogen and the hydrogen-lean organic liquid in the hydrogenation reactor to obtain a hydrogen-rich organic liquid, which is stored in the hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank. When there is a hydrogen refueling demand, the hydrogen-rich organic liquid enters the dehydrogenation reactor to release hydrogen through a dehydrogenation reaction. The dehydrogenated hydrogen-lean organic liquid enters the hydrogen-lean organic liquid storage tank. The hydrogen then enters the hydrogen storage tank after being boosted by the subsequent compressor and then enters the refueling machine. Therefore, the hydrogen refueling station of the present invention has two hydrogen storage units, one is the hydrogen storage unit and the other is the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit. When there is a hydrogen refueling demand, whether to use the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit or the hydrogen storage unit for hydrogen supply can be optimized through the following hydrogen refueling station optimization model.

[0047] In the on-site hydrogen production scenario, technologies such as electrolytic hydrogen production, coal-based hydrogen production, natural gas-based hydrogen production, or coke oven gas-based hydrogen production can be used to produce hydrogen on-site, and the hydrogen refueling station needs to configure a hydrogen supply unit. The hydrogen from the hydrogen supply unit enters the hydrogenation reactor to react with the hydrogen-lean organic liquid.

[0048] (1) Construction of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit

[0049] Taking the electrolytic cell as the hydrogen supply unit as an example, the hydrogen refueling station optimization model based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit is given below.

[0050] 1) Objective function

[0051] The optimization objective of the present invention is to minimize the total annual cost (TAC) of the hydrogen refueling station. The total annual cost is the sum of the investment cost and the operating cost, which can be described as:

[0052] minTAC = CRF × C inv + C oper (1)

[0053] In the formula, C inv is the investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station, C oper is the operating cost of the hydrogen refueling station, and CRF is the capital recovery factor, which is generally described as a function of the discount rate r and the life f of the hydrogen refueling station, that is:

[0054]

[0055] When there is no hydrogen supply unit, the investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station is the sum of the investment costs of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, and the hydrogen storage unit. When there is a hydrogen supply unit, the investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station is the sum of the investment costs of the hydrogen supply unit, the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, and the hydrogen storage unit, that is:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, the investment costs of each unit of the hydrogen refueling station can be calculated according to the following formulas (4)-(7):

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, is the investment cost of the hydrogen supply unit, is the investment cost of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, is the investment cost of the hydrogen compression unit, is the investment cost of the hydrogen storage unit, P e,rated is the capacity of the electrolyzer, is the capacity of the organic liquid storage tank j, is the volume of the reactor k. The reactor includes a hydrogenation reactor and a dehydrogenation reactor, is the volume of the hydrogen storage tank, is the investment cost per unit power of the electrolyzer, is the investment cost per unit volume of the organic liquid storage tank, is the investment cost per unit volume of the reactor, is the investment cost of the nth compressor, is the investment cost per unit volume of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0060] The operating cost of the hydrogen refueling station consists of the operating costs of the hydrogen supply unit, the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, and the hydrogen storage unit, and the specific description is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] The operating cost of each unit can be calculated according to the following formulas (9)-(12):

[0063]

[0064] For the off-site hydrogen supply scenario, the operating cost of the hydrogen refueling station also includes the hydrogen purchase cost and the operating cost without a hydrogen supply unit. The hydrogen purchase cost is expressed as:

[0065]

[0066] In the formula, is the operating cost of the hydrogen supply unit, is the operating cost of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, is the operating cost of the hydrogen compression unit, is the operating cost of the hydrogen storage unit, P t e is the operating power of the electrolyzer at time t, F t e is the hydrogen flow rate output by the electrolyzer at time t, F t demand is the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station at time t, is the flow rate of the organic liquid flowing out of the organic liquid storage tank j at time t, is the hydrogen flow rate flowing into the reactor k at time t, is the operating power of the nth compressor at time t, is the hydrogen flow rate flowing into the hydrogen storage tank at time t, is the electricity purchase price, is the water purchase price, is the hydrogen purchase price, is the operating cost of the organic liquid storage tank, is the operating cost of the hydrogenation reactor and dehydrogenation reactor, is the operating cost of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0067] 2) Constraints

[0068] The present invention will successively give the constraints corresponding to the hydrogen supply unit, organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen compression unit, hydrogen storage unit and filling unit according to the hydrogen refueling station process sequence. The constraints mainly include mass balance constraints, energy balance constraints, system state constraints, capacity and power constraints, etc.

[0069] ① Hydrogen supply unit

[0070] (1) Power-flow conversion equation

[0071]

[0072] In the formula, η t is the electrolyzer conversion efficiency.

[0073] (2) Mass balance equation

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, η e is the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzer, is the water consumption of the electrolyzer, is the relative molecular mass of water, is the relative molecular mass of hydrogen.

[0076] (3) Power Constraint of Electrolytic Hydrogen Production

[0077]

[0078] Wherein, is the binary variable of the electrolyzer state at time t, δ e,min is the minimum power coefficient of the electrolyzer, δ e,max is the maximum power coefficient of the electrolyzer.

[0079] ② Organic Liquid Hydrogen Storage Unit

[0080] (1) Hydrogenation Reactor

[0081] 1) Hydrogen Mass Balance Constraint:

[0082]

[0083] Wherein, η hydro is the hydrogenation conversion rate, r hydro is the hydrogenation reaction rate, V t hydroreactor is the volume of the hydrogenation reactor participating in the reaction at time t.

[0084] 2) Mass Balance of Hydrogen-Deficient Organic Liquid

[0085] η hydro F t dehydrotank,out = r hydro V t hydroreactor M NEC (18)

[0086] Wherein, M NEC is the relative molecular mass of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid, F t dehydrotank,ou t is the flow rate of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid flowing out of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid storage tank at time t.

[0087] 3) Mass Balance of Hydrogen-Rich Organic Liquid

[0088] F t hydrotank,in = r hydro V t hydroreactor M 12-NEC (19)

[0089] Wherein, M 12-NEC is the relative molecular mass of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid, F t hydrotank,in is the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid flowing out of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank at time t.

[0090] 4) Capacity Constraint of Hydrogenation Reactor

[0091]

[0092] Wherein, V t hydroreactor is the volume of the hydrogenation reactor participating in the reaction at time t.

[0093] (2) Dehydrogenation reactor

[0094] 1) Hydrogen mass balance constraint:

[0095]

[0096] Wherein, r dehydro is the dehydrogenation reaction rate, V t dehydroreactor is the volume of the dehydrogenation reactor participating in the reaction at time t, F t dehydroreactor,out is the flow rate of the organic liquid flowing out of the dehydrogenation reactor at time t.

[0097] 2) Lean hydrogen organic liquid mass balance

[0098] F t dehydroreactor,in = r dehydro V t dehydroreactor M NEC (22)

[0099] Wherein, F t dehydroreactor,in is the flow rate of the organic liquid flowing into the dehydrogenation reactor at time t.

[0100] 3) Rich hydrogen organic liquid mass balance

[0101] η dehydro F t dehydrotank,out = r dehydro V t dehydroreactor M 12-NEC (23)

[0102] Wherein, η dehydro is the dehydrogenation conversion rate.

[0103] 4) Dehydrogenation reactor capacity constraint

[0104]

[0105] Wherein, V t dehydroreactor is the volume of the dehydrogenation reactor participating in the reaction at time t.

[0106] (3) Organic liquid storage tank constraint:

[0107] 1) Mass balance constraint

[0108]

[0109] Wherein, E t,j is the organic liquid storage volume of the organic liquid storage tank j at time t.

[0110] 2) Inlet and outlet flow rate constraint of the organic liquid storage tank

[0111] Limited by the pipeline flow rate, the flow rate of the organic liquid entering and leaving the organic liquid storage tank per unit time should not exceed the pipeline flow rate limit, that is:

[0112]

[0113] Wherein, F max is the maximum allowable organic liquid flow rate that can pass through the pipeline of the organic liquid storage tank.

[0114] 3) Upper and lower limit constraint of the organic liquid storage tank

[0115]

[0116] Wherein, is the minimum capacity coefficient of the organic liquid storage tank j, is the maximum capacity coefficient of the organic liquid storage tank j, is the designed capacity of the organic liquid storage tank j.

[0117] ③ Hydrogen compression unit

[0118] (1) Compressor flow balance equation

[0119]

[0120] Wherein, is the hydrogen flow rate passing through the compressor at time t.

[0121] (2) Compressor work equation

[0122]

[0123] Wherein, C p is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen, is the hydrogen pressure entering the compressor n at time t, is the hydrogen pressure flowing out of the compressor n at time t, T in is the hydrogen temperature at the compressor inlet, η IS is the isentropic efficiency of the compressor, and γ is the isentropic value number of hydrogen.

[0124] ④ Hydrogen storage unit

[0125] (1) Hydrogen storage tank inlet flow rate:

[0126]

[0127] Wherein, F t c is the hydrogen flow rate through the compressor at time t.

[0128] (2) Hydrogen storage tank pressure equation:

[0129]

[0130] Wherein, is the hydrogen flow rate flowing out of the hydrogen storage tank at time t, is the density of hydrogen under standard conditions, is the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank at time t.

[0131] (3) Hydrogen storage tank pressure upper and lower limit constraints:

[0132]

[0133] Wherein, is the lower limit of the hydrogen storage tank pressure, is the upper limit of the hydrogen storage tank pressure.

[0134] ⑤ Filling unit

[0135] (1) Filling machine inlet flow rate:

[0136]

[0137] Wherein, F t add is the amount of hydrogen filled.

[0138] (2) Hydrogen refueling demand equation:

[0139]

[0140] In the design stage of the hydrogen refueling station, input the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station into the above-built hydrogen refueling station optimization model, and the capacity configuration plan, compressor selection plan and hydrogen supply plan of the hydrogen refueling station can be solved ( Figure 2 ). Among them, the capacity configuration plan includes the capacity of the organic liquid storage tank, the volume of the dehydrogenation reactor, and the volume of the hydrogen storage tank; the compressor selection plan includes the number and model of the compressor; the hydrogen supply plan includes the organic liquid storage, the hydrogen storage tank pressure, and the hydrogen flow rate at each place.

[0141] For the already operating hydrogen refueling station, input the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station into the above-built hydrogen refueling station optimization model, and the hydrogen supply plan of the hydrogen refueling station can be solved.

[0142] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen supply plan in the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit and the hydrogen storage bottle group obtained by applying the present invention in the case of an in - station hydrogen production hydrogen refueling station under a given hydrogen demand scenario. The hydrogen storage bottle group is composed of multiple hydrogen storage bottles, and the multiple hydrogen storage bottles together constitute the hydrogen storage tank of the present invention.

[0143] Figure 3 The optimized hydrogen supply ratios corresponding to the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit and the hydrogen storage bottle group in the in - station hydrogen production scenario are given. It can be seen that in the in - station hydrogen production scenario, hydrogen is mainly supplied by the organic liquid unit, and the hydrogen pre - stored in the hydrogen storage bottle group is used for auxiliary hydrogen supply during peak hydrogen demand periods. The organic liquid hydrogen storage unit can not only ensure the stability of hydrogen supply from the upstream device of the hydrogen storage bottle group, but also ensure a stable and continuous hydrogen supply to the downstream demand side. Figure 4 Figure 6 shows the change of hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage bottle group under the optimized in - station hydrogen production scenario. It can be seen that when the hydrogen refueling demand is relatively high, the pressure fluctuation of the hydrogen storage bottle group is relatively obvious, and the pressure is increased before the demand peak to ensure stable hydrogen supply at the moment of demand peak.

[0144] The present invention constructs a general mathematical programming model for the design and optimization of a hydrogen refueling station with an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit through mathematical programming technology, achieving multiple objectives such as capacity configuration optimization, compressor selection optimization, and hydrogen supply optimization for the entire process of the hydrogen refueling station. This enables the hydrogen refueling station system to have the ability of safe storage and transportation, and to a certain extent improves the ability to flexibly adapt to dynamic hydrogen supply demands. The optimized hydrogen refueling station can meet diverse hydrogen supply scenarios and diverse hydrogen demand scenarios, achieving the goals of improving energy utilization efficiency, reducing costs, and promoting the industrial development of hydrogen energy.

[0145] The following is an apparatus embodiment of the present invention, which can be used to execute the method embodiment of the present invention. For details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiment, please refer to the method embodiment of the present invention.

[0146] In one embodiment of the present invention, a design and operation system for a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit is provided, which can be used to implement the design and operation method of the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit. Specifically, the design and operation system for the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station;

[0147] a calculation module for taking the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station as an input, solving the optimization model of the hydrogen refueling station to obtain the design variables and operation variables or operation variables of the hydrogen refueling station; wherein, the optimization objective of the optimization model of the hydrogen refueling station is to minimize the annual total cost of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0148] In one embodiment of the present invention, a computer device is provided. The computer device includes a processor and a memory. The memory is used to store a computer program, and the computer program includes program instructions. The processor is used to execute the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or may also be other general-purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing core and control core of the terminal, and is suitable for implementing one or more instructions. Specifically, it is suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to implement the corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in the embodiment of the present invention can be used for the operation of the design operation method of a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit.

[0149] In another embodiment of the present invention, a storage medium is also provided, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory). The computer-readable storage medium is a memory device in a computer device and is used to store programs and data. It can be understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the computer device and, of course, the extended storage medium supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides a storage space, and the operating system of the terminal is stored in this storage space. And in this storage space, one or more instructions suitable for being loaded and executed by the processor are also stored. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program codes). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be a Random Access Memory (RAM) or a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory. One or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by the processor to implement the corresponding steps of the design operation method of the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit in the above embodiment.

[0150] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0151] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, systems (devices), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for realizing the functions specified in Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0152] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing devices to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means, and the instruction means realizes the functions specified in Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0153] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing devices, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable devices to generate a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable devices provide steps for realizing the functions specified in Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 one block or multiple blocks.

[0154] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: still modifications or equivalent replacements can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention, and any modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, characterized in that, Including or not including a hydrogen supply unit, it includes an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, a hydrogen compression unit, a hydrogen storage unit, and a filling unit; the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit includes a reactor and an organic liquid storage tank, the organic liquid storage tank includes a hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank and a hydrogen-poor organic liquid storage tank, and the reactor includes a hydrogenation reactor and a dehydrogenation reactor; When the hydrogen supply unit is not included, the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogenation reactor receives external hydrogen; when the hydrogen supply unit is included, the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen supply unit is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogenation reactor; the liquid inlet of the hydrogenation reactor is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen-poor organic liquid storage tank, and the liquid outlet is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank; the outlet of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the dehydrogenation reactor, the hydrogen outlet of the dehydrogenation reactor is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen compression unit, the outlet of the hydrogen compression unit is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage unit, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage unit is connected to the inlet of the filling unit; the liquid outlet of the dehydrogenation reactor is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen-poor organic liquid storage tank; the hydrogen compression unit includes multiple compressors.

2. The design operation method of the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station, use the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station as the input, solve the hydrogen refueling station optimization model, and obtain the capacity configuration plan, compressor selection plan, and hydrogen supply plan of the hydrogen refueling station, or obtain the hydrogen supply plan of the hydrogen refueling station; among them, the optimization goal of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model is to minimize the annual total cost of the hydrogen refueling station.

3. The design operation method of a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The objective function of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model is: minTAC = CRF × C inv + C oper Where TAC is the annual total cost of the hydrogen refueling station, C inv is the investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station, C oper is the operating cost of the hydrogen refueling station, and CRF is the capital recovery factor; When the hydrogen supply unit is not included, the investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station is the sum of the investment costs of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, and the hydrogen storage unit, and the operating cost of the hydrogen refueling station is the sum of the hydrogen purchase cost, the operating costs of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, and the hydrogen storage unit; When the hydrogen supply unit is included, the investment cost of the hydrogen refueling station is the sum of the investment costs of the hydrogen supply unit, the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, and the hydrogen storage unit, and the operating cost of the hydrogen refueling station is the sum of the operating costs of the hydrogen supply unit, the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, and the hydrogen storage unit.

4. The design operation method of a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage unit is a hydrogen storage tank; the investment costs of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, and the hydrogen storage unit are: The operating costs of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, and the hydrogen storage unit are: In the formula, is the investment cost of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, is the investment cost of the hydrogen compression unit, is the investment cost of the hydrogen storage unit, is the capacity of the organic liquid storage tank j, is the volume of the reactor k, and the reactor includes a hydrogenation reactor and a dehydrogenation reactor, is the volume of the hydrogen storage tank, is the investment cost per unit volume of the organic liquid storage tank, is the investment cost per unit volume of the reactor, is the investment cost of the nth compressor, is the investment cost per unit volume of the hydrogen storage tank; is the operating cost of the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, is the operating cost of the hydrogen compression unit, is the operating cost of the hydrogen storage unit, F t demand is the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station at time t, is the flow rate of the organic liquid flowing out of the organic liquid storage tank j at time t, is the flow rate of the organic liquid flowing into the reactor k at time t, is the operating power of the nth compressor at time t, is the hydrogen flow rate flowing into the hydrogen storage tank at time t, is the operating cost of the organic liquid storage tank, is the operating cost of the hydrogenation reactor and the dehydrogenation reactor, is the operating cost of the hydrogen storage tank.

5. The design operation method of a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the hydrogen supply unit is not included, the constraint conditions of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model include: the constraint conditions corresponding to the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, the hydrogen storage unit, and the filling unit; when the hydrogen supply unit is included, the constraint conditions of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model include: the constraint conditions corresponding to the hydrogen supply unit, the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, the hydrogen compression unit, the hydrogen storage unit, and the filling unit.

6. The design operation method of a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage unit is a hydrogen storage tank; the constraint conditions corresponding to the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit include: the hydrogen mass balance constraint of the hydrogenation reactor, the lean hydrogen organic liquid mass balance constraint, the rich hydrogen organic liquid mass balance constraint and the hydrogenation reactor capacity constraint, the hydrogen mass balance constraint of the dehydrogenation reactor, the lean hydrogen organic liquid mass balance constraint, the rich hydrogen organic liquid mass balance constraint and the dehydrogenation reactor capacity constraint, the mass balance constraint, the inlet and outlet flow rate constraint and the upper and lower limits of the capacity of the organic liquid storage tank, the compressor flow balance constraint and the compressor work constraint of the hydrogen compression unit, the hydrogen storage tank inlet flow rate constraint, the hydrogen storage tank pressure constraint and the upper and lower limits of the hydrogen storage tank pressure of the hydrogen storage unit, the filling machine inlet flow rate constraint and the hydrogenation demand constraint of the filling unit.

7. The design operation method of the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The constraint conditions corresponding to the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit are expressed as: η hydro F t dehydrotank,out = r hydro V t hydroreactor M NEC F t hydrotank,in = r hydro V t hydroreactor M 12-NEC F t dehydroreactor,in = r dehydro V t dehydroreactor M NEC η dehydro F t dehydrotank,out = r dehydro V t dehydroreactor M 12-NEC where η hydro is the hydrogenation conversion rate, F t e is the hydrogen flow rate output from the electrolyzer at time t, r hydro is the hydrogenation reaction rate, V t hydroreactor is the volume of the hydrogenation reactor participating in the reaction at time t, F t dehydrotank,out is the flow rate of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid flowing out of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid storage tank at time t, F t dehydrotank,in is the flow rate of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid flowing into the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid storage tank at time t, is the relative molecular mass of hydrogen, M NEC is the relative molecular mass of the hydrogen-deficient organic liquid, M 12-NEC is the relative molecular mass of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid, is the volume of reactor k, r dehydro is the dehydrogenation reaction rate, V t dehydroreactor is the volume of the dehydrogenation reactor participating in the reaction at time t, η dehydro is the dehydrogenation conversion rate, F t hydrotank,out is the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid flowing out of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank at time t, F t hydrotank,in is the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid flowing out of the hydrogen-rich organic liquid storage tank at time t, E t,j is the organic liquid storage volume of organic liquid storage tank j at time t, F max is the maximum allowable hydrogen flow rate that the pipeline of the organic liquid storage tank can pass through, is the designed capacity of the organic liquid storage tank j, is the minimum capacity coefficient of the organic liquid storage tank j, is the maximum capacity coefficient of the organic liquid storage tank j.

8. Design and operating system of a hydrogen refueling station based on an organic liquid hydrogen storage unit, characterized in that, including: a data acquisition module for acquiring the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station; a calculation module for taking the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station as an input, solving the hydrogen refueling station optimization model to obtain the design variables and operating variables or the operating variables of the hydrogen refueling station; wherein, the optimization objective of the hydrogen refueling station optimization model is to minimize the annual total cost of the hydrogen refueling station.

9. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the design and operation method of the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the design and operation method of the hydrogen refueling station based on the organic liquid hydrogen storage unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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