Large steel structure space positioning method based on total station

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a large-scale steel structure space positioning method based on a total station, which comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of key position points in a site, setting control points, forming a control network, measuring the control points and large-scale steel structure feature points by using the total station, and obtaining three-dimensional coordinates. A large steel structure is installed, vibration sensors are arranged at all nodes of the large steel structure in advance, vibration signals are obtained in real time, feature vibration signal segments are recognized, a local image of the large steel structure in the installation process is obtained, a large steel structure contour curve contained in the local image is extracted, and the contour curve is compared with a standard contour curve. According to the method, the installation deviation caused by measurement errors is effectively reduced, the abnormal conditions possibly occurring in the installation process are found in time through analysis of the vibration signals, and the installation accuracy is improved. Therefore, the quality and the safety of the whole project are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and particularly to a method for spatial positioning of large steel structures based on total stations. Background Art

[0002] During the construction and installation of large steel structures, accurate spatial positioning is an important link to ensure the structural safety and functionality. Traditional measurement methods, such as using theodolites, levels, etc., although to a certain extent can meet the measurement requirements, but in the face of large and complex steel structures, there are often problems such as insufficient measurement accuracy, low efficiency, and difficulty in adapting to complex environments. For example, in the construction of projects such as large stadiums, airport terminals or industrial plants, due to the large number, large size and complex shape of steel structure components, traditional measurement methods are difficult to achieve high-precision three-dimensional positioning, which easily leads to installation deviations and affects the overall performance and stability of the structure.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No.: CN118309275A discloses a method for accurately positioning the construction of large steel structure columns, including an observation platform, an observation platform, a main steel structure beam, a secondary steel structure beam, an installation platform, an installation ladder, a steel structure column, and an installation ladder. The observation platforms are connected by the main steel structure beam and the secondary steel structure beam. The whole positioning has the characteristics of fast and accurate, and strong operability, overcomes the problems of slow positioning speed and difficult positioning accuracy of traditional steel structure columns, and improves the installation efficiency of steel structures to a certain extent; it is applicable to the accurate positioning of (super) large steel structure columns in steel structure projects, especially for the difficult problem of quickly positioning steel structure columns with a mass exceeding 10t and a height exceeding 10m; through the theodolite observation control method, only a jack is required as a cooperation, and it can quickly realize the positioning of the axis, reference point elevation, verticality of the steel structure column, etc., greatly improving the construction positioning efficiency of the steel structure column.

[0004] However, the existing technology still has the following problems:

[0005] When using traditional measuring tools such as theodolites and levels, due to the accuracy limitations of the equipment itself and the complexity of operation, there may be deviations in the installation positions of large steel structures, affecting the overall performance and stability of the structure, and the lack of effective real-time monitoring means, making it difficult to detect emerging abnormalities in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides a method for spatial positioning of large steel structures based on total stations, aiming to overcome the problems in the prior art that when using traditional measuring tools such as theodolites and levels, due to the accuracy limitations and operation complexities of the equipment itself, the installation positions of large steel structures may deviate, affecting the overall performance and stability of the structures, and the lack of effective real-time monitoring means, making it difficult to detect anomalies in a timely manner.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for spatial positioning of large steel structures based on total stations, including:

[0008] Select several key position points in the site, set control points at the key position points to form a control network;

[0009] Use a total station to measure the control points and obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the control points;

[0010] Install reflecting prisms on several feature points of the large steel structure;

[0011] Use a total station to measure the reflecting prisms, obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points, and convert the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points to the global coordinate system of the site through measurement software to obtain the installation three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points;

[0012] Install the large steel structure. Vibration sensors are pre-set at each node of the large steel structure to obtain the vibration signals of each node during the installation process of the large steel structure in real time, identify the characteristic vibration signal segments, and obtain the local images of the installation process of the large steel structure;

[0013] Extract the contour curve of the large steel structure contained in the local image, compare it with the standard contour curve, and determine whether there are anomalies in the large steel structure according to the comparison result;

[0014] Obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the large steel structure after installation, compare them with the installation three-dimensional coordinates, and determine whether the installation is qualified.

[0015] Further, the process of selecting the key position points includes,

[0016] Obtain the site image;

[0017] Register the site image with the actual geographical coordinates of the site and identify the elevation change points;

[0018] Select the elevation change points and the four corner points of the site as the key position points.

[0019] Further, several feature points of the large steel structure are the beam ends, nodes, and column feet.

[0020] Further, the process of obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the control points includes,

[0021] Perform several measurements on the control points using a total station;

[0022] Obtain the average value of the several measurement results and record it as the three-dimensional coordinates of the control point.

[0023] Further, the process of calculating the vibration signal fluctuation amount based on the vibration signals of the respective nodes includes,

[0024] Divide the installation process into several time periods;

[0025] Obtain the vibration amplitudes and frequencies of the vibration signals of the respective nodes within each time period;

[0026] Calculate the standard deviation of the vibration amplitude and the standard deviation of the frequency of the respective nodes within each time period;

[0027] Perform a weighted sum of the standard deviation of the vibration amplitude and the standard deviation of the frequency to obtain the vibration signal fluctuation amount of the respective nodes.

[0028] Further, the process of identifying the characteristic vibration signal segment includes,

[0029] Compare the vibration signal fluctuation amount of the respective nodes within each time period with a preset vibration signal fluctuation amount comparison threshold;

[0030] If there is a time period in which the vibration signal fluctuation amount of a node is greater than the preset vibration signal fluctuation amount comparison threshold, then identify the time period as a characteristic vibration signal segment.

[0031] Further, the process of obtaining the local image of the large steel structure installation process includes,

[0032] If there is a characteristic vibration signal segment, then obtain the local image of the preset area range of the node whose vibration signal fluctuation amount is greater than the preset vibration signal fluctuation amount comparison threshold.

[0033] Further, the process of extracting the large steel structure contour curve included in the local image and comparing it with the standard contour curve includes,

[0034] Extract the large steel structure contour curve through image analysis software;

[0035] Obtain the fitting value of the large steel structure contour curve and the standard contour curve.

[0036] Further, the process of determining whether there is an abnormality in the large steel structure according to the comparison result includes,

[0037] If the fitting value of the large steel structure contour curve and the standard contour curve is less than the preset fitting value comparison threshold, then determine that there is an abnormality in the large steel structure.

[0038] Further, the process of obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the large steel structure after installation and comparing them with the installation three-dimensional coordinates to determine whether the installation is qualified includes:

[0039] Obtaining the coordinate difference between the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the large steel structure after installation and the installation three-dimensional coordinates;

[0040] If the preset conditions are met, it is determined that the installation is qualified;

[0041] The preset condition is that the coordinate difference is less than the preset coordinate difference comparison threshold.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention selects several key position points in the site, sets control points to form a control network, uses a total station to measure the control points and the feature points of the large steel structure to obtain three-dimensional coordinates, installs the large steel structure, pre-sets vibration sensors at each node of the large steel structure to obtain vibration signals in real time, identifies the characteristic vibration signal segments, obtains local images during the installation process of the large steel structure, extracts the contour curve of the large steel structure contained in the local images, compares it with the standard contour curve to determine whether there is an abnormality in the large steel structure, and obtains the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the large steel structure after installation to determine whether the installation is qualified. The present invention effectively reduces the installation deviation caused by measurement errors, and through the analysis of vibration signals, timely discovers possible abnormal situations during the installation process, thereby improving the quality and safety of the entire project.

[0043] In particular, by setting control points in the site and forming a control network, and combining the precise measurement of the control points and the feature points of the large steel structure by a total station, the present invention can accurately convert the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points into the global coordinate system of the site, significantly improving the positioning accuracy of the large steel structure installation, ensuring the accuracy of the structure installation position, effectively reducing the installation deviation caused by measurement errors, and thus improving the quality and safety of the entire project.

[0044] In particular, the present invention pre-sets vibration sensors at each node of the large steel structure, which can obtain vibration signals during the installation process in real time. In actual situations, when the fluctuation value of the vibration signal is large, it can to a certain extent reflect that there may be problems with the stability of the node. Through the analysis of the vibration signals, possible abnormal situations during the installation process can be timely discovered, and measures can be taken in time for adjustment and correction, avoiding serious consequences caused by the failure to timely discover abnormal situations, thereby improving the quality and safety of the entire project.

[0045] In particular, the present invention determines whether there is an abnormality in the large steel structure by extracting the contour curve of the large steel structure contained in the local image, comparing it with the standard contour curve. When the vibration signal is abnormal, it may be due to environmental instability or the instability of the large steel structure itself. By comparing the contour curve of the large steel structure with the standard contour curve, it is possible to determine to a certain extent whether the problem lies inside the large steel structure or in the external environment, thus more reliably judging whether there is an abnormality in the large steel structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a step diagram of the method for spatial positioning of a large steel structure based on a total station in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a logical decision diagram for identifying characteristic vibration signal segments in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 It is a logical decision diagram for determining whether there is an abnormality in a large steel structure in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0049] In order to make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0050] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms indicating directions or positional relationships such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0052] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0053] Please refer toFigures 1-3 As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a method for spatial positioning of large steel structures based on total station instruments, including:

[0054] Step S1: Select several key position points in the site, set control points at the key position points to form a control network;

[0055] Step S2: Use a total station instrument to measure the control points and obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the control points;

[0056] Step S3: Install reflection prisms on several feature points of the large steel structure;

[0057] Step S4: Use a total station instrument to measure the reflection prisms, obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points, and convert the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points to the global coordinate system of the site through measurement software to obtain the installation three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points;

[0058] Step S5: Install the large steel structure, pre-set vibration sensors at each node of the large steel structure, obtain the vibration signals of each node in real time during the installation process of the large steel structure, identify the characteristic vibration signal segments, and obtain the local images of the installation process of the large steel structure;

[0059] Step S6: Extract the contour curve of the large steel structure contained in the local image, compare it with the standard contour curve, and determine whether there is an abnormality in the large steel structure according to the comparison result;

[0060] Step S7: Obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the large steel structure after installation, compare them with the installation three-dimensional coordinates, and determine whether the installation is qualified.

[0061] Specifically, by setting control points in the site and forming a control network, and combining the accurate measurement of the control points and the feature points of the large steel structure by the total station instrument, the present invention can accurately convert the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points to the global coordinate system of the site, significantly improve the positioning accuracy of the installation of the large steel structure, ensure the accuracy of the installation position of the structure, effectively reduce the installation deviation caused by measurement errors, and thus improve the quality and safety of the entire project.

[0062] It can be understood that the installation site range is known before installing the large steel structure. In this embodiment, the site is the known installation site range.

[0063] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points are converted to the global coordinate system of the site through measurement software to obtain the installation three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points. Among them, the measurement software is Trimble Business Center.

[0064] In this embodiment, the large steel structure image and the site image are obtained by aerial photography using a drone.

[0065] In this embodiment, Matlab can be used to extract the contour curve of the large steel structure contained in the local image.

[0066] Specifically, the process of selecting the key position points includes

[0067] Obtain the site image;

[0068] Register the site image with the actual geographical coordinates of the site to identify the elevation change points;

[0069] Select the elevation change points and the four corner points of the site as the key position points.

[0070] In this embodiment, the site image is registered with the actual geographical coordinates of the site through ArcGIS software, and the slope analysis tool in the software is used to calculate the slope value of each point, and the points with a slope value exceeding 10% are identified as elevation change points.

[0071] Specifically, several characteristic points of the large steel structure are the beam ends, joints and column feet.

[0072] Specifically, the process of obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the control points includes

[0073] Measure the control points several times with a total station;

[0074] Obtain the average value of the several measurement results and record it as the three-dimensional coordinates of the control points.

[0075] Specifically, the process of calculating the vibration signal fluctuation amount according to the vibration signals of the respective nodes includes

[0076] Divide the installation process into several time periods;

[0077] Obtain the vibration amplitude and frequency of the vibration signals of each node in each time period;

[0078] Calculate the standard deviation of the vibration amplitude and the standard deviation of the frequency of each node in each time period;

[0079] Weighted sum the standard deviation of the vibration amplitude and the standard deviation of the frequency to obtain the vibration signal fluctuation amount of each node.

[0080] In this embodiment, the weight coefficient of the standard deviation of the vibration amplitude is 0.5, and the weight coefficient of the standard deviation of the frequency is 0.5.

[0081] Specifically, the process of identifying the characteristic vibration signal segment includes

[0082] Compare the fluctuation amount of the vibration signal of each node in each time period with the preset comparison threshold of the vibration signal fluctuation amount;

[0083] If the fluctuation amount of the vibration signal of a node in a time period is greater than the preset comparison threshold of the vibration signal fluctuation amount, then identify the time period as a characteristic vibration signal segment.

[0084] In this embodiment, the preset comparison threshold of the vibration signal fluctuation amount is the average value of the fluctuation amounts of the vibration signals of each node in each time period.

[0085] Specifically, in the present invention, vibration sensors are pre-set at each node of the large steel structure, and the vibration signals during the installation process can be obtained in real time. In actual situations, when the fluctuation value of the vibration signal is large, it can to a certain extent reflect that there may be problems with the stability of the node. By analyzing the vibration signal, abnormal situations that may occur during the installation process can be discovered in time, and measures can be taken in time for adjustment and correction, avoiding serious consequences caused by the failure to discover abnormal situations in time, thereby improving the quality and safety of the entire project.

[0086] Specifically, the process of obtaining the partial image of the large steel structure during installation includes,

[0087] If there is a characteristic vibration signal segment, then obtain the partial image of the preset area range of the node whose vibration signal fluctuation amount is greater than the preset comparison threshold of the vibration signal fluctuation amount.

[0088] In this embodiment, the preset area range is a square with a side length of 50 cm centered on the node.

[0089] Specifically, the process of extracting the large steel structure contour curve included in the partial image and comparing it with the standard contour curve includes,

[0090] Extract the large steel structure contour curve through image analysis software;

[0091] Obtain the fitting value of the large steel structure contour curve and the standard contour curve.

[0092] In this embodiment, the standard contour curve is obtained by pre-acquiring the image of the large steel structure before installation, and the contour curve in the image is obtained through image analysis software. When comparing the contour curve fitting values, the part of the standard contour curve corresponding to the partial image is extracted for comparison.

[0093] Specifically, the process of determining whether there is an abnormality in the large steel structure according to the comparison result includes,

[0094] If the fitting value of the large steel structure contour curve and the standard contour curve is less than the preset comparison threshold of the fitting value, then determine that there is an abnormality in the large steel structure.

[0095] In this embodiment, the preset fitting value comparison threshold is selected within the range of [95%, 100%].

[0096] Specifically, the present invention extracts the large steel structure contour curve contained in the local image, compares it with the standard contour curve, and determines whether there is an abnormality in the large steel structure according to the comparison result. When the vibration signal is abnormal, it may be due to environmental instability or the instability of the large steel structure itself. By comparing the large steel structure contour curve with the standard contour curve, it is possible to determine to a certain extent whether the problem lies inside the large steel structure or in the external environment, thereby more reliably judging whether there is an abnormality in the large steel structure.

[0097] Specifically, the process of obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the large steel structure after installation and comparing them with the installation three-dimensional coordinates to determine whether the installation is qualified includes

[0098] Obtaining the coordinate difference between the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the large steel structure after installation and the installation three-dimensional coordinates;

[0099] If the preset conditions are met, it is determined that the installation is qualified;

[0100] The preset condition is that the coordinate difference is less than the preset coordinate difference comparison threshold.

[0101] In this embodiment, the preset coordinate difference comparison threshold is (0.001, 0.001, 0.001). If the difference in any direction is greater than or equal to 0.001, it is determined that the installation is unqualified.

[0102] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architectures, functions, and operations of apparatuses, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a program segment, or a part of code that contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks shown may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagram and / or flowchart, as well as the combination of blocks in the block diagram and / or flowchart, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based device for performing the specified functions or operations, or can be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0103] So far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0104] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for spatial positioning of large steel structures based on total station, characterized in that Including: Select several key position points in the site, set control points at the key position points to form a control network; Use a total station to measure the control points and obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the control points; Install reflecting prisms on several feature points of the large steel structure; Use a total station to measure the reflecting prisms, obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points, and convert the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points to the global coordinate system of the site through measurement software to obtain the installed three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points; Install the large steel structure, pre-set vibration sensors at each node of the large steel structure, obtain the vibration signals of each node in real time during the installation process of the large steel structure, identify the characteristic vibration signal segments, and obtain the local images of the installation process of the large steel structure; Extract the large steel structure contour curve contained in the local image, compare it with the standard contour curve, and determine whether there is an abnormality in the large steel structure according to the comparison result; Obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the large steel structure after installation, compare them with the installed three-dimensional coordinates, and determine whether the installation is qualified.

2. The large steel structure spatial positioning method based on a total station according to claim 1, characterized in that The process of selecting the key position points includes Obtain the site image; Register the site image with the actual geographical coordinates of the site and identify the elevation change points; Select the elevation change points and the four corner points of the site as key position points.

3. The large steel structure spatial positioning method based on a total station according to claim 1, characterized in that The several feature points of the large steel structure are the beam ends, nodes and column feet.

4. The large steel structure spatial positioning method based on total station according to claim 1, characterized in that The process of obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the control points includes Measure the control points several times through a total station; Obtain the average value of the several measurement results and record it as the three-dimensional coordinates of the control points.

5. The large steel structure spatial positioning method based on total station according to claim 1, characterized in that The process of calculating the vibration signal fluctuation amount according to the vibration signals of each node includes Divide the installation process into several time periods; Obtain the vibration amplitude and frequency of the vibration signals of each node in each time period; Calculate the standard deviation of the vibration amplitude and the standard deviation of the frequency of the vibration signals of each node in each time period; Weighted sum the standard deviation of the vibration amplitude and the standard deviation of the frequency to obtain the vibration signal fluctuation amount of each node.

6. The large steel structure spatial positioning method based on a total station according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of identifying the characteristic vibration signal segments includes Compare the vibration signal fluctuation amount of each node in each time period with the preset vibration signal fluctuation amount comparison threshold; If there is a time period in which the vibration signal fluctuation amount of the node is greater than the preset vibration signal fluctuation amount comparison threshold, then identify the time period as the characteristic vibration signal segment.

7. The large steel structure spatial positioning method based on total station according to claim 6, characterized in that The process of obtaining the local image of the installation process of the large steel structure includes If there is a characteristic vibration signal segment, obtain the local image of the preset area range of the node whose vibration signal fluctuation amount is greater than the preset vibration signal fluctuation amount comparison threshold.

8. The large steel structure spatial positioning method based on a total station according to claim 1, characterized in that The process of extracting the large steel structure contour curve contained in the local image and comparing it with the standard contour curve includes Extract the large steel structure contour curve through image analysis software; Obtain the fitting value of the large steel structure contour curve and the standard contour curve.

9. The large steel structure spatial positioning method based on total station according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of determining whether there is an abnormality in the large steel structure according to the comparison result includes If the fitting value of the large steel structure contour curve and the standard contour curve is less than the preset fitting value comparison threshold, then determine that there is an abnormality in the large steel structure.

10. The large steel structure spatial positioning method based on total station according to claim 9, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the large steel structure after installation and comparing them with the installation three-dimensional coordinates to determine whether the installation is qualified includes obtaining the coordinate difference between the three-dimensional coordinates of the feature points of the large steel structure after installation and the installation three-dimensional coordinates; if the preset conditions are met, it is determined that the installation is qualified; the preset condition is that the coordinate difference is less than the preset coordinate difference comparison threshold.

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