Combined heat and power supply method based on fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a combined heat and power supply method based on a fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water. The heat exchanger is used for taking away heat of the PEM water electrolysis equipment and the fuel cell system, the heat is used in tap water and cooling liquid for use and heating, and electricity generated by the fuel cell system is supplied for recycling and external electricity. According to the invention, heat energy generated by PEM electrolyzed water and heat energy and electric energy generated by the fuel cell system are fully utilized, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved from 52% to 70% through cyclic utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a combined heat and power supply method based on a fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water. Background Art

[0002] The PEM electrolyzed water system can produce high-purity hydrogen with a low dew point. This part of hydrogen is stored using a hydrogen buffer tank and used for the hydrogen supply of the fuel cell system.

[0003] As is well known, during the power generation process of a fuel cell, a lot of heat is generated. This part of the heat is an energy loss during the power generation process of the fuel cell, reducing the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell. At the same time, in order to reduce the temperature during the operation of the fuel cell, a water cooling or air cooling system also needs to be equipped, greatly increasing the system energy consumption.

[0004] The patent with the application number CN202322091051.7 discloses a waste heat recovery system based on combined heat and power supply of a hydrogen fuel cell, including a cooling system and a waste heat recovery subsystem; the cooling system is used to cool the PEM fuel cell, and the cooling system and the waste heat recovery subsystem are coupled through a heat exchanger; the medium of the cooling system carries out the excess heat energy, and the excess heat energy exchanges heat with the medium of the waste heat recovery subsystem through the heat exchanger. This new type smoothly collects the waste heat generated by the PEM fuel cell through the waste heat recovery system formed by the common coupling of the cooling system and the waste heat recovery subsystem, and to a certain extent, conducts the overall collection and redistribution of the waste heat. However, the energy consumption loss of the heat energy recovery of this system is still relatively high, and the utilization rate is low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a combined heat and power supply method based on a fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water, which can collect heat for room heating and tap water heating; the generated electric energy can be connected to the grid for system power consumption and household power consumption, or the electric energy can be stored using a storage battery, etc.; greatly reducing the energy consumption and increasing the utilization rate of the whole system.

[0006] The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: A combined heat and power supply method based on a fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water, the steps are as follows: Tap water enters the deionized water system and is processed into deionized water, which is then supplied to the PEM hydrogen production equipment. The dry and clean hydrogen produced in the PEM hydrogen production equipment enters the hydrogen storage system, and the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell system; Tap water enters the heat exchanger a through the tap water tank to take away the heat in the PEM electrolyzed water equipment. When the temperature of the PEM hydrogen production equipment reaches the alarm value, the electrolyzed water air cooling system on the PEM hydrogen production equipment is connected, and the heat exchanger a is isolated to take away the heat, and the tap water is supplied for daily use; The coolant is supplied to the heating water tank and then enters the heat exchanger b to take away the heat in the fuel cell system. When the temperature of the fuel cell system reaches the alarm value, the fuel cell air cooling system on the fuel cell system is connected, and the heat exchanger b is isolated. The heated coolant is supplied to the geothermal system for heating. Part of the direct current generated by the fuel cell system is stabilized and supplied to the battery for power supply, and part is connected to the grid and supplied to the deionized water system, PEM hydrogen production equipment, fuel cell system, PEM electrolyzed water DC power supply and other electricity consumption. The power after being connected to the grid is provided to residential electricity through a transformer.

[0007] Further, the combined heat and power supply system used in the above combined heat and power supply method based on a fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water has a structure including: a deionized water system, a PEM hydrogen production equipment, a hydrogen storage system, and a fuel cell system are connected in sequence. Among them, a heat exchanger a is also connected to the PEM hydrogen production equipment, and a heat exchanger b is also connected to the fuel cell system. The heat exchanger a is also connected in a cycle with the tap water tank, the heat exchanger b is connected in a cycle with the heating water tank, and the heating water tank is also connected in a cycle with the geothermal system. The nitrogen system is connected to the PEM hydrogen production equipment, the hydrogen storage system, and the fuel cell system respectively. Among them, the fuel cell system is connected with a DC / DC inverter, and the DC / DC inverter is also connected with a battery and a DC / AC inverter, and the DC / AC inverter is externally connected to a transformer.

[0008] Further, the deionized water system, PEM hydrogen production equipment, and fuel cell system in the combined heat and power supply system are all connected to a 380V power supply. The fuel cell system is externally connected to a DC / DC inverter, and the DC / DC inverter is also connected to a battery and a DC / AC inverter. The DC / AC inverter is externally connected to a transformer. The PEM hydrogen production equipment also has a DC power supply connected. The deionized water system has a tap water inlet line, on which a filter a and a manual valve a are sequentially provided. A tap water tank is connected between the filter a and the manual valve a and is provided with an electric ball valve a. A manual valve b is provided between the deionized water system and the PEM hydrogen production equipment, a manual valve c is provided between the PEM hydrogen production equipment and the hydrogen storage system, and a manual valve d is provided between the hydrogen storage system and the fuel cell system. The PEM hydrogen production equipment is provided with a thermometer a and an electrolyzed water air cooling system. The PEM hydrogen production equipment is connected in a cycle with a heat exchanger a, and an electric three-way valve is provided on the cycle connection line. The fuel cell system is provided with a thermometer b and an engine air cooling system. The fuel cell system is connected in a cycle with a heat exchanger b, and an electric three-way valve is provided on the cycle connection line. The cycle connection line between the tap water tank and the heat exchanger a is as follows: tap water tank, circulation pump a, manual valve e, turbine flowmeter a, thermometer c, heat exchanger a, thermometer d. There is a branch between the tap water tank and the circulation pump a as the hot water supply outlet, and an electric ball valve b is also provided on the branch. The cycle connection line between the heat exchanger b and the heating water tank is as follows: heat exchanger b, thermometer e, control valve a, heating water tank, circulation pump b, manual valve f, turbine flowmeter b, thermometer f; The cycle connection line between the heating water tank and the geothermal system is as follows: heating water tank, circulation pump c, manual valve g, thermometer g, geothermal system, thermometer h, control valve b, turbine flowmeter c. A thermometer i is also connected to the control valve. The heating water tank is also provided with a coolant inlet line, on which an electric ball valve c and a filter b are sequentially provided.

[0009] Based on the above combined heat and power system, the combined heat and power method based on the fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water is specifically as follows: Tap water enters the deionized water system through filter a and manual valve a; after the tap water is processed into deionized water, it passes through manual valve b and supplies water to the PEM hydrogen production equipment. The clean hydrogen gas after drying treatment passes through manual valve c and enters the hydrogen storage system; the hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel cell system through manual valve d; tap water is supplemented into the tap water tank through filter a and electric ball valve a10. Tap water passes through circulation pump a, manual valve e, and turbine flowmeter a through heat exchanger a. The inlet and outlet temperatures of heat exchanger a15 are thermometer c and thermometer d, and then it returns to the tap water tank; on the other side of heat exchanger a is the hot water of the PEM electrolyzed water equipment. Under normal circumstances, the heat of the PEM water electrolysis system is kept connected to heat exchanger a through electric three-way valve a and electric three-way valve b, and isolated from the electrolyzed water air-cooling system; if the temperature of electrolytic cell thermometer a reaches the alarm value, it is necessary to switch to connect to the electrolyzed water air-cooling system through electric three-way valve a and electric three-way valve b, and isolate from heat exchanger a; the heated tap water is supplied to the room through electric ball valve b for bathing, washing vegetables and other daily uses; for heating, the coolant is supplied to the heating water tank through filter b and electric ball valve c. The heating water tank passes through circulation pump b, manual valve f, and turbine flowmeter b through heat exchanger b. The inlet and outlet temperatures of heat exchanger b are displayed on thermometer f and thermometer e, and then return to the heating water tank through control valve a; on the other side of heat exchanger b is the hot water of the fuel cell system. Under normal circumstances, the fuel cell system is kept connected to heat exchanger b through electric three-way valve c and electric three-way valve d, and isolated from the engine air-cooling system; if the temperature of engine inlet thermometer b reaches the alarm value, it is necessary to switch to connect to the fuel cell air-cooling system through electric three-way valve c and electric three-way valve d, and isolate from heat exchanger b; the heated coolant is supplied to the geothermal system for indoor heating through circulation pump c and manual valve g. The inlet and outlet temperatures of the floor heating system are displayed on thermometer g and thermometer h; the indoor temperature is displayed on thermometer i and is controlled by control valve b. There is also a turbine flowmeter c on the circulation loop; the direct current generated by the fuel cell system is stabilized by a DC / DC inverter, supplied to the battery for energy storage and a DC / AC inverter and then connected to the grid, and then supplied to the deionized water system, PEM hydrogen production equipment, fuel cell system, PEM electrolyzed water DC power supply and other electricity uses; the electricity after being connected to the grid is provided to residential electricity through a transformer; in addition, a nitrogen system is provided to purge and replace each system.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: Based on the combined heat and power method carried out by the combined heat and power system adopted in the present invention, the heat energy generated by PEM electrolyzed water and the heat energy and electric energy generated by the fuel cell system are fully utilized. Through recycling, the efficiency of the fuel cell system is increased from 52% to 70%. Description of the Drawings

[0011] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cogeneration system of the present invention.

[0013] In the figure, 1. Filter a; 2. Manual valve a; 3. Deionized water system; 4. Manual valve b; 5. PEM hydrogen production equipment; 6. Manual valve c; 7. Hydrogen storage system; 8. Manual valve d; 9. Fuel cell system; 10. Electric ball valve a; 11. Tap water tank; 12. Circulation pump a; 13. Manual valve e; 14. Turbine flowmeter a; 15. Heat exchanger a; 16. Thermometer c; 17. Thermometer d; 18. Thermometer a; 19. Electrolytic water air cooling system; 20. Electric three-way valve a; 21. Electric three-way valve b; 22. Electric ball valve b; 23. Filter b; 24. Electric ball valve c; 25. Heating water tank; 26. Circulation pump b; 27. Manual valve f; 28. Turbine flowmeter b; 29. Thermometer f; 30. Thermometer e; 31. Thermometer b; 32. Heat exchanger b; 33. Engine air cooling system; 34. Electric three-way ball valve c; 35. Electric three-way ball valve d; 36. Control valve a; 37. Circulation pump c; 38. Manual valve g; 39. Thermometer g; 40. Thermometer i; 41. Thermometer h; 42. Control valve b; 43. Turbine flowmeter c; 44. Geothermal system; 45. Nitrogen system; 46. DC / DC inverter; 47. Battery; 48. DC / AC inverter; 49. Transformer; 50. Household electricity; 51. DC power supply; 52. Other electricity consumption. Specific embodiments

[0014] The present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods adopted in the present invention are all conventional methods, and the experimental equipment, materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial channels.

[0015] Embodiment 1

[0016] The structure of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Tap water enters the deionized water system (3) through the filter a (1) and the manual valve a (2); after being treated as deionized water, the tap water passes through the manual valve b (4) and supplies water to the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5). The clean hydrogen gas after drying treatment passes through the manual valve c (6) and enters the hydrogen storage system (7); the hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel cell system (9) through the manual valve d (8).

[0018] Tap water is supplemented into the tap water tank (11) through the filter a (1), and the electric ball valve a10. The tap water passes through the circulation pump a (12), the hand valve e (13), the turbine flowmeter a (14) and through the heat exchanger a (15). The inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat exchanger a15 are measured by the thermometer c (16) and the thermometer d (17), and then it returns to the tap water tank (11). On the other side of the heat exchanger a (15) is the hot water of the PEM electrolysis equipment (5). Under normal circumstances, the heat of the PEM water electrolysis system is kept connected to the heat exchanger a (15) through the electric three-way valve a (20) and the electric three-way valve b (21), and is isolated from the electrolyzed water air-cooling system (19). If the electrolytic cell thermometer a (18) reaches the alarm value (set according to the requirements of the electrolytic cell manufacturer), it is necessary to switch through the electric three-way valve a (20) and the electric three-way valve b (21) to connect to the electrolyzed water air-cooling system (19) and isolate from the heat exchanger a (15). The heated tap water is supplied to the room through the electric ball valve b (22) for daily life such as bathing and washing vegetables.

[0019] For heating, a coolant is used and supplied to the heating water tank (25) through the filter b (23) and the electric ball valve c (24). The heating water tank passes through the circulation pump b (26), the hand valve f (27), the turbine flowmeter b (28) and through the heat exchanger b (32). The inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat exchanger b (32) are displayed on the thermometer f (29) and the thermometer e (30), and then it returns to the heating water tank (25) through the control valve a (36). On the other side of the heat exchanger b (32) is the hot water of the fuel cell system (9). Under normal circumstances, the fuel cell system (9) is kept connected to the heat exchanger b (32) through the electric three-way valve c (34) and the electric three-way valve d (35), and is isolated from the engine air-cooling system (33). If the engine inlet thermometer b (31) reaches the alarm value (set at 50 °C), it is necessary to switch through the electric three-way valve c (34) and the electric three-way valve d (35) to connect to the fuel cell air-cooling system (9) and isolate from the heat exchanger b (32). The heated coolant is supplied to the geothermal system (44) for indoor heating through the circulation pump c (37) and the hand valve g (38). The inlet and outlet temperatures of the floor heating system (44) are displayed on the thermometer g (39) and the thermometer h (41). The indoor temperature is displayed on the thermometer i (40), controlled by the control valve b (42), and a turbine flowmeter c (43) is also provided on the circulation loop.

[0020] The direct current generated by the fuel cell system (9) is stabilized by the DC / DC inverter (46), supplied to the battery (47) for energy storage and the DC / AC inverter (48) and then connected to the grid, and then supplied to the deionized water system (3), the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5), the fuel cell system (9), the PEM electrolyzed water DC power supply (51) and other electricity consumption. The electricity after grid connection is provided to the residential electricity (50) through the transformer (49). In addition, a nitrogen system (45) is equipped to purge and replace each system.

[0021] The above-described embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all the feasible embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, any obvious changes made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention should be considered to be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined heat and power supply method based on a fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Tap water enters the deionized water system (3) and is processed into deionized water, which is then supplied to the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5). The dry and clean hydrogen produced in the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5) enters the hydrogen storage system (7), and the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell system (9). Tap water enters the heat exchanger a (15) through the tap water tank (11) to take away the heat in the PEM electrolytic water equipment. When the temperature of the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5) reaches the alarm value, the electrolytic water air-cooling system (19) on the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5) is connected, and the heat exchanger a (15) is isolated. The tap water that has taken away the heat is supplied for daily use. The coolant is supplied to the heating water tank (25) and then enters the heat exchanger b (32) to take away the heat in the fuel cell system (9). When the temperature of the fuel cell system (9) reaches the alarm value, the fuel cell air-cooling system (33) on the fuel cell system (9) is connected, and the heat exchanger b (32) is isolated. The heated coolant is supplied to the geothermal system (44) for heating. Part of the direct current generated by the fuel cell system (9) is stabilized and supplied to the battery (47) for power supply, and part is connected to the grid and supplied to the deionized water system (3), the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5), the fuel cell system (9), the PEM electrolytic water DC power supply (51) and other electricity consumption (52). The power after being connected to the grid is provided to the residential electricity consumption (50) through the transformer (49).

2. The combined heat and power supply method based on a fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water according to claim 1, wherein The structure of the combined heat and power supply system used includes: the deionized water system (3), the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5), the hydrogen storage system (7), and the fuel cell system (9) are connected in sequence. Among them, the heat exchanger a (15) is also connected to the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5), and the heat exchanger b (32) is also connected to the fuel cell system (9). The heat exchanger a (15) is also connected in a cycle with the tap water tank (11), the heat exchanger b (32) is connected in a cycle with the heating water tank (25), and the heating water tank (25) is also connected in a cycle with the geothermal system (44). The nitrogen system (45) is connected to the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5), the hydrogen storage system (7), and the fuel cell system (9) respectively. Among them, the fuel cell system (9) is connected with a DC / DC inverter (46), and the DC / DC inverter (46) is also connected with a battery (47) and a DC / AC inverter (48). The DC / AC inverter (48) is externally connected to a transformer (49).

3. The combined heat and power generation method based on a fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water according to claim 2, wherein In the cogeneration system, the deionized water system (3), the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5), and the fuel cell system (9) are all connected to a 380V power supply. The fuel cell system (9) is externally connected to a DC / DC inverter (46), and the DC / DC inverter (46) is also connected to a battery (47) and a DC / AC inverter (48). The DC / AC inverter (48) is externally connected to a transformer (49). The PEM hydrogen production equipment (5) is also connected to a DC power supply (51). The deionized water system (3) has a tap water inlet line, on which a filter a (1) and a manual valve a (2) are arranged in sequence. A tap water tank (11) is connected between the filter a (1) and the manual valve a (2) and is provided with an electric ball valve a (10). A manual valve b (4) is arranged between the deionized water system (3) and the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5), a manual valve c (6) is arranged between the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5) and the hydrogen storage system (7), and a manual valve d (8) is arranged between the hydrogen storage system (7) and the fuel cell system (9). The PEM hydrogen production equipment (5) is provided with a thermometer a (18) and an electrolyzed water air cooling system (19). The PEM hydrogen production equipment (5) is connected to the heat exchanger a (15) in a circulating manner, and an electric three-way valve a (20) is arranged on the circulating connection line. The fuel cell system (9) is provided with a thermometer b (31) and an engine air cooling system (33). The fuel cell system (9) is connected to the heat exchanger b (32) in a circulating manner, and an electric three-way valve b (21) is arranged on the circulating connection line. The circulating connection line between the tap water tank (11) and the heat exchanger a (15) is as follows: tap water tank (11), circulating pump a (12), manual valve e (13), turbine flowmeter a (14), thermometer c (16), heat exchanger a (15), thermometer d (17). There is a branch for the hot water supply outlet between the tap water tank (11) and the circulating pump a (12), and an electric ball valve b (22) is also arranged on the branch. The circulating connection line between the heat exchanger b (32) and the heating water tank (25) is as follows: heat exchanger b (32), thermometer e (30), control valve a (36), heating water tank (25), circulating pump b (26), manual valve f (27), turbine flowmeter b (28), thermometer f (29); the circulating connection line between the heating water tank (25) and the geothermal system (44) is as follows: heating water tank (25), circulating pump c (37), manual valve g (38), thermometer g (39), geothermal system (44), thermometer h (41), control valve b (42), turbine flowmeter c (43). A thermometer i (40) is also connected to the control valve b (42); the heating water tank (25) is also provided with a coolant inlet line, on which an electric ball valve c (24) and a filter b (23) are arranged in sequence.

4. The co-generation method based on a fuel cell system and PEM electrolyzed water according to claim 3, wherein The steps are as follows: Tap water enters the deionized water system (3) through the filter a (1) and the manual valve a (2); after being treated as deionized water, the tap water passes through the manual valve b (4) and supplies water to the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5). The purified hydrogen gas after drying treatment passes through the manual valve c (6) and enters the hydrogen storage system (7); the hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel cell system (9) through the manual valve d (8); tap water is supplemented into the tap water tank (11) through the filter a (1) and the electric ball valve a (10). The tap water passes through the circulation pump a (12), the manual valve e (13), the turbine flowmeter a (14) and then through the heat exchanger a (15). The inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat exchanger a (15) are measured by the thermometer c (16) and the thermometer d (17), and then it returns to the tap water tank (11); on the other side of the heat exchanger a (15) is the hot water of the PEM electrolytic water equipment. Under normal circumstances, the heat of the PEM water electrolysis system is kept connected to the heat exchanger a (15) through the electric three-way valve a (20) and the electric three-way valve b (21), and is isolated from the electrolytic water air cooling system (19); if the electrolytic cell thermometer a (18) reaches the alarm value, it is necessary to switch through the electric three-way valve a (20) and the electric three-way valve b (21) to connect to the electrolytic water air cooling system (19) and isolate from the heat exchanger a (15); the heated tap water is supplied to the room through the electric ball valve b (22) for daily use such as bathing and washing vegetables; for heating, the coolant is used. It is supplied to the heating water tank (25) through the filter b (23) and the electric ball valve c (24). The heating water tank (25) passes through the circulation pump b (26), the manual valve f (27), the turbine flowmeter b (28) and then through the heat exchanger b (32). The inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat exchanger b (32) are displayed on the thermometer f (29) and the thermometer e (30), and then it returns to the heating water tank (25) through the control valve a (36); on the other side of the heat exchanger b (32) is the hot water of the fuel cell system (9). Under normal circumstances, the fuel cell system (9) is kept connected to the heat exchanger b (32) through the electric three-way valve c (34) and the electric three-way valve d (35), and is isolated from the engine air cooling system (33); if the engine inlet thermometer b (31) reaches the alarm value, it is necessary to switch through the electric three-way valve c (34) and the electric three-way valve d (35) to connect to the fuel cell air cooling system (33) and isolate from the heat exchanger b (32); the heated coolant passes through the circulation pump c (37) and the manual valve g (38) and is supplied to the geothermal system (44) for indoor heating. The inlet and outlet temperatures of the geothermal system (44) are displayed on the thermometer g (39) and the thermometer h (41); the indoor temperature is displayed on the thermometer i (40), which is controlled by the control valve b (42). A turbine flowmeter c (43) is also provided on the circulation loop;The direct current generated by the fuel cell system (9) is regulated by the DC / DC inverter (46) and supplied to the battery (47) for energy storage and the DC / AC inverter (48), and then connected to the grid. After that, it is supplied to the deionized water system (3), the PEM hydrogen production equipment (5), the fuel cell system (9), the PEM electrolyzed water DC power supply (51) and other electricity consumption (52); the electricity after grid connection is supplied to residential electricity consumption (50) through the transformer (49); in addition, a nitrogen system (45) is provided to purge and replace each system.

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