A thermal management system and thermal management method for automotive batteries based on FPC

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, and in particular to an FPC-based automotive battery thermal management system and thermal management method, comprising a battery cell, an FPC circuit board, a temperature control device, and a protective device. The current collector is provided with a temperature measurement zone, and the current collector is provided with a heat-conducting layer, which collects heat to the temperature measurement zone; the FPC circuit board is provided with a sensor array and an AI chip; and the protective device is provided with a neutralizer and an exhaust mechanism. The present invention collects the heat of the current collector to the temperature measurement zone through the heat-conducting layer, the sensor array collects data from the temperature measurement zone, the AI chip predicts the operating temperature of the battery cell based on the temperature, current, voltage, and SOC timing data of the battery cell, and controls the temperature control device to accurately adjust the operating temperature of the battery cell, so that the battery cell maintains an appropriate operating temperature; in the event of thermal runaway, the neutralizer of the protective device can neutralize harmful substances generated in the thermal runaway of the battery cell to delay the temperature rise of the battery cell, and the exhaust mechanism discharges gas, effectively ensuring the performance, life, and safety of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery thermal management, and in particular to an FPC-based vehicle battery thermal management system and a thermal management method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of automotive batteries, battery thermal management directly affects their performance, lifespan, and safety. Traditional automotive battery thermal management systems have significant shortcomings.

[0003] Traditional temperature monitoring systems rely on simple temperature sensors for localized temperature measurement, which cannot fully and accurately capture changes in battery cell temperature, let alone predict future temperature trends. This makes it difficult for thermal management systems to proactively respond to temperature anomalies in complex operating conditions, requiring them to wait until problems arise before making adjustments, making it difficult to effectively guarantee battery performance and lifespan.

[0004] In terms of heat conduction and temperature regulation, the traditional system has an unreasonable heat conduction path, the heat is dispersed, it is difficult to quickly and centrally process and adjust the temperature, the thermal management efficiency is low, and the battery temperature cannot be controlled within an appropriate range in time, affecting battery stability and safety.

[0005] Traditional systems lack effective protection against thermal runaway. When a battery experiences thermal runaway, harmful substances from the decomposed electrolyte diffuse and internal pressure surges, potentially leading to serious accidents such as explosions and fires, posing a significant threat to both personnel and vehicles. Therefore, developing a battery thermal management system for vehicles with precise monitoring and prediction, efficient thermal management, and comprehensive thermal runaway protection is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the existing technology and provide an FPC-based automotive battery thermal management system and thermal management method. The heat of the collector is collected in the temperature measurement area through the heat conductive layer. The sensor array collects data from the temperature measurement area, and the AI chip predicts the operating temperature of the battery cell based on the data and controls the temperature control device to accurately regulate the operating temperature of the battery cell, so that the battery cell maintains an appropriate operating temperature. In the event of thermal runaway, the neutralizer of the protection device can neutralize the harmful substances generated in the thermal runaway of the battery cell, delay the temperature rise of the battery cell, and the exhaust mechanism discharges the gas, effectively ensuring the battery performance, life and safety.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an FPC-based automotive battery thermal management system, comprising a battery cell, the battery cell being provided with a current collector and a housing, the current collector being disposed within the housing, and further comprising a flexible circuit board, a temperature control device, and a protective device, the flexible circuit board being electrically connected to the battery cell, the temperature control device, and the protective device;

[0008] A temperature measuring area is provided on the upper portion of the current collector, and a heat conducting layer is provided around the edges of the current collector, and the heat conducting layer collects the heat of the current collector to the temperature measuring area;

[0009] The flexible circuit board is provided with a sensor array and an AI chip. The sensor array is used to collect temperature data of the temperature measurement area in real time. The AI chip is used to run an LSTM model to output a temperature field prediction of the battery cell in the next 5 minutes based on the temperature, current, voltage and SOC time series data of the battery cell and generate a control instruction to control the temperature control device.

[0010] The temperature control device is connected to the heat-conducting layer and is used to adjust the temperature of the current collector through the heat-conducting layer in response to a control instruction;

[0011] The protective device is provided with a neutralizer and an exhaust mechanism. When the thermal runaway of the battery cell reaches a preset temperature, the neutralizer neutralizes the harmful substances produced by the decomposition of the electrolyte to delay the temperature rise of the battery cell. The exhaust mechanism is used to remove the gas generated during the neutralization process.

[0012] Preferably, the heat-conducting layer is further provided with a heat-conducting belt connecting the upper and lower sides of the current collector.

[0013] Preferably, the sensor array includes a thin film thermocouple and a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor and the thin film thermocouple are both arranged in the temperature measurement area.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature control device includes a micro liquid cooling channel and a thermoelectric cooler, the micro liquid cooling channel is thermally coupled to one side of the thermoelectric cooler through boron nitride filled silicone; the other side of the thermoelectric cooler is thermally coupled to the heat conductive layer through boron nitride filled silicone.

[0015] Preferably, the protective device is provided with a neutralization chamber at the four corners of the housing, a heat-conducting frame is provided inside the neutralization chamber, and the neutralizer is fixed to the heat-conducting frame;

[0016] The neutralizer is a hollow mesoporous silica sphere nanoreactor, which contains a neutralizing powder. The neutralizing powder neutralizes harmful substances produced by the decomposition of the electrolyte when the battery cell thermal runaway occurs, thereby delaying the temperature rise of the battery cell.

[0017] The exhaust mechanism includes an exhaust cavity arranged at the top of the neutralization chamber, and the exhaust cavity is provided with a one-way exhaust valve connected to the outside world. The gas generated during the neutralization process is discharged through the one-way exhaust valve to relieve the internal pressure of the battery cell.

[0018] Preferably, a sealing film for sealing the neutralization chamber is provided on a side of the neutralization chamber facing the battery core, and the dissolution temperature of the sealing film is the same as the preset temperature.

[0019] Preferably, the battery core is further provided with a heat conduction module, and the heat conduction module is connected between the current collector and the sealing film;

[0020] A low melting point alloy layer is provided between the neutralizer and the heat conducting frame, and a trigger temperature of the low melting point alloy layer is set to ±5° C. of a preset temperature of thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0021] Preferably, the heat-conducting module includes a heat-conducting sheet and a heat-conducting bridge arranged in the housing, and the heat of the current collector is conducted to the sealing film and the low-melting-point alloy layer via the heat-conducting sheet and the heat-conducting bridge.

[0022] On the other hand, a thermal management method is also provided, including the above-mentioned vehicle battery thermal management system, specifically the following steps:

[0023] S1, the sensor array collects the temperature of the battery cell in real time to form temperature data;

[0024] S2, the AI chip uses the LSTM model to predict the temperature field in the next 5 minutes based on the temperature, current, voltage and SOC time series data of the battery cell, and generates optimization instructions for the temperature control device;

[0025] S3, the temperature control device responds to the instruction and adjusts the temperature of the current collector;

[0026] S4: When it is detected that the battery cell temperature reaches the preset temperature, it is determined to be thermal runaway, triggering the exhaust mechanism to release pressure in a targeted manner, and synchronously activating the neutralizer to neutralize the harmful substances produced by the decomposition of the electrolyte.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The battery cells generate heat during operation, and the thermal conductive layer collects the heat generated by the current collector to the upper temperature measurement zone. The sensor array on the FPC circuit board collects temperature data from the temperature measurement zone in real time. The AI chip runs an LSTM model to predict the temperature field for the next 5 minutes based on temperature, current, voltage, and SOC time series data and generate control instructions. The temperature control device responds to the instructions and raises or lowers the temperature of the current collector through the thermal conductive layer to ensure that the battery cells are at an appropriate temperature. When the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell rises to a preset value, the protective device is activated. The neutralizer reacts with harmful substances decomposed by the electrolyte, absorbs heat, and delays temperature rise. The exhaust mechanism discharges the gas generated by neutralization to prevent excessive internal pressure from causing safety accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the lateral local explosion structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the present invention in a front cross-sectional view.

[0031] Reference numerals include:

[0032] 1. Battery cell; 11. Current collector; 12. Housing; 13. Temperature measurement area; 14. Thermal conductive layer; 141. Thermal conductive belt; 142. Thermal conductive connector; 143. Thermal conductive sheet; 15. Sealing cover; 16. Thermal conductive component; 161. Plug-in connector; 162. Thermal conductive groove; 17. Isolation membrane; 18. Thermal conductive module; 181. Thermal conductive sheet; 182. Thermal conductive bridge; 2. Flexible circuit board; 21. Sensor array; 211. Thin film thermocouple; 212. Pressure sensor; 22. AI chip; 3. Temperature control device; 31. Micro liquid cooling channel; 32. Thermoelectric cooler; 4. Protective device; 41. Neutralizer; 42. Exhaust mechanism; 421. Exhaust chamber; 422. One-way exhaust valve; 423. Breathable liquid barrier membrane; 43. Neutralization chamber; 431. Sealing membrane; 44. Thermal conductive frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides an FPC-based automotive battery thermal management system, comprising a battery cell 1, provided with a current collector 11 and a housing 12, wherein the current collector 11 is disposed within the housing 12. The system also includes a flexible circuit board 2, a temperature control device 3, and a protective device 4, wherein the flexible circuit board 2 is electrically connected to the battery cell 1, the temperature control device 3, and the protective device 4.

[0035] A temperature measuring area 13 is provided on the upper portion of the current collector 11 , and a heat conducting layer 14 is provided around the edges of the current collector 11 , and the heat conducting layer 14 collects the heat of the current collector 11 to the temperature measuring area 13 ;

[0036] The flexible circuit board 2 is provided with a sensor array 21 and an AI chip 22. The sensor array 21 is used to collect temperature data of the temperature measurement area 13 in real time; the AI chip 22 is used to run the LSTM model, output the temperature field prediction of the battery cell 1 in the next 5 minutes based on the temperature, current, voltage and SOC time series data of the battery cell 1, and generate control instructions to control the temperature control device 3;

[0037] The temperature control device 3 is connected to the heat-conducting layer 14 and is used to adjust the temperature of the current collector 11 through the heat-conducting layer 14 in response to a control instruction;

[0038] The protective device 4 is provided with a neutralizer 41 and an exhaust mechanism 42. When the thermal runaway of the battery cell 1 reaches a preset temperature, the neutralizer 41 neutralizes the harmful substances produced by the decomposition of the electrolyte to delay the temperature rise of the battery cell 1. The exhaust mechanism 42 is used to remove the gas generated during the neutralization process.

[0039] Specifically, a temperature measurement zone 13 is located above the current collector 11. A sensor array 21 collects data from this zone in real time. An AI chip runs an LSTM model, outputting a five-minute temperature prediction for the battery cell 1 based on the temperature, current, voltage, and SOC time series data, and generates control instructions. This allows for accurate and proactive temperature prediction, providing a basis for temperature regulation and effectively ensuring battery performance and lifespan. The AI chip can be a chip such as the NXP S32G274A, NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX, or Horizon Journey 5.

[0040] Thermally conductive layers 14 are provided around the edges of the current collector 11 to collect heat and transfer it to the temperature measurement area 13. The temperature control device 3 is connected to the thermally conductive layer 14 and responds to control commands to adjust the temperature of the current collector 11 through the thermally conductive layer 14. This rapidly collects and centrally processes heat, allowing for timely temperature adjustments of the current collector 11, improving the thermal management efficiency of the battery cell 1 and ensuring that the battery cell 1 operates at an optimal temperature.

[0041] On the other hand, the effective protection of the edge burrs of the current collector 11 by the thermal conductive layer 14 greatly reduces the risk of the diaphragm being punctured, fundamentally reducing the probability of internal short circuits in the battery, thereby effectively avoiding safety accidents such as thermal runaway, fire, and explosion caused by short circuits, providing reliable safety protection for vehicles and personnel, and meeting the strict safety requirements of automotive batteries.

[0042] Protective device 4 includes a neutralizer 41 and a vent mechanism 42. When thermal runaway reaches a preset temperature, neutralizer 41 neutralizes the electrolyte, decomposing harmful substances and slowing temperature rise, while vent mechanism 42 removes the neutralized gas. This reduces the risk of harmful substances, slows temperature rise to increase emergency response time, and removes gas to prevent overpressure, thereby improving battery system safety.

[0043] During operation, the battery cell 1 generates heat. The thermal conductive layer 14 collects the heat generated by the current collector 11 and transfers it to the upper temperature measurement zone 13. The sensor array 21 on the FPC circuit board collects temperature data from the temperature measurement zone 13 in real time. The AI chip runs an LSTM model to predict the temperature field for the next five minutes based on temperature, current, voltage, and SOC time series data and generates control instructions. The temperature control device 3 responds to these instructions by raising or lowering the temperature of the current collector 11 through the thermal conductive layer 14 to ensure that the battery cell 1 maintains an appropriate temperature. When the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell 1 reaches a preset value, the protective device 4 activates. The neutralizer 41 reacts with harmful substances decomposed by the electrolyte, absorbing heat and slowing the temperature rise. The exhaust mechanism 42 exhausts the gas generated by neutralization to prevent excessive internal pressure from causing a safety accident.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the heat conducting layer 14 of this embodiment is further provided with a heat conducting belt 141 connecting the upper side and the lower side of the current collector 11 .

[0045] Specifically, the material of the heat-conducting layer 14 is epoxy resin heat-conducting glue containing aluminum oxide filler, polyimide heat-conducting film filled with boron nitride, silicone rubber heat-conducting gasket containing graphite filler, or graphene / epoxy resin composite heat-conducting material with surface insulation treatment.

[0046] Burrs on the edge of the current collector 11 can easily puncture the diaphragm, and heat can easily accumulate at the edge of the current collector 11. The thermal conductive layer 14 effectively lowers the temperature of the current collector 11, reduces the risk of diaphragm damage caused by heat accumulation, reduces the probability of internal short circuits in the battery, and improves battery safety and service life.

[0047] Thermally conductive strips 141 are installed above and below the current collector 11. Leveraging their high thermal conductivity, these strips provide additional heat conduction paths. Based on the principle that heat diffuses more rapidly in a medium with good thermal conductivity, these strips enable more even heat distribution and conduction. This further optimizes heat distribution within the battery, prevents localized overheating, improves battery performance stability, and ensures proper operation under various operating conditions.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the sensor array 21 of this embodiment includes a thin film thermocouple 211 and a pressure sensor 212 , and both the pressure sensor 212 and the thin film thermocouple 211 are disposed in the temperature measurement area 13 .

[0049] Specifically, thin-film thermocouple 211 is based on the thermoelectric effect. When a temperature gradient exists in a closed loop composed of two dissimilar metal materials, a thermoelectric potential is generated in the loop. By measuring the magnitude of this thermoelectric potential, the temperature value can be determined. Placing it in temperature measurement zone 13 allows direct contact with that area to sense temperature changes. Accurately measuring the temperature in temperature measurement zone 13 and obtaining accurate temperature data facilitates timely detection of temperature anomalies, providing a reliable basis for battery thermal management and ensuring that the battery operates within the appropriate temperature range.

[0050] Pressure sensor 212 utilizes principles such as the piezoelectric effect and the strain effect. When subjected to pressure, its internal physical properties change and generate a measurable electrical signal. This electrical signal can be used to calculate the pressure. Positioned in temperature measurement zone 13, it can sense pressure changes in that area. It can monitor the pressure in temperature measurement zone 13 in real time and issue a signal promptly when abnormal pressure fluctuations occur. This can help determine whether the battery has structural damage, abnormal gas accumulation, or other issues, providing early warning of potential safety risks and enhancing battery safety.

[0051] Combining the temperature measurement function of thin-film thermocouple 211 with the pressure measurement function of pressure sensor 212, two key parameters, temperature and pressure, are simultaneously acquired within the same temperature measurement zone 13. The correlation and mutual influence between different physical quantities are utilized to more comprehensively reflect the status of temperature measurement zone 13. This enables multi-dimensional, comprehensive monitoring of temperature measurement zone 13, improving the accuracy and reliability of battery status judgment, enabling more timely and comprehensive identification of potential battery issues, optimizing battery thermal management and safety measures, and extending battery life.

[0052] In actual use, the sensor array 21 also includes a current sensor and a voltage sensor. The current sensor is a Hall current sensor. The measuring hole of the Hall current sensor is passed through the wire of the circuit where the battery cell 1 is located to ensure that the current passing through the battery cell 1 can be accurately measured. The voltage sensor is a voltage divider resistor voltage sensor. The measuring end of the voltage sensor is connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery cell 1 to ensure that the actual voltage across the battery cell 1 is measured. The current, voltage and temperature parameters are integrated for SOC estimation. This facilitates the AI chip 22 to run the LSTM model and output the temperature field prediction of the battery cell 1 in the next 5 minutes based on the temperature, current, voltage and SOC time series data.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, the temperature control device 3 of this embodiment includes a micro liquid cooling channel 31 and a thermoelectric cooler 32. The micro liquid cooling channel 31 is thermally coupled to one side of the thermoelectric cooler 32 through boron nitride-filled silicone; the other side of the thermoelectric cooler 32 is thermally coupled to the heat conductive layer 14 through boron nitride-filled silicone.

[0054] The micro-liquid cooling channel 31 and the heat-conducting layer 14 are thermally coupled to the thermoelectric cooler 32, improving heat transfer efficiency. The cooling or heat generated by the thermoelectric cooler 32 is transferred more quickly to the micro-liquid cooling channel 31, accelerating the response of the temperature control device 3 and allowing the temperature of the battery cell 1 to reach the set value more quickly, improving the accuracy and timeliness of temperature control.

[0055] Specifically, when the thermoelectric cooler 32 is cooling and lowering the temperature of the thermal conductive layer 14, the micro-liquid cooling channel 31 continuously absorbs heat from the thermoelectric cooler 32 through the circulation of coolant (e.g., ethylene glycol aqueous solution), ensuring stable operation of the thermoelectric cooler 32. When the thermoelectric cooler 32 is generating heat and heating the thermal conductive layer 14, the micro-liquid cooling channel 31 reduces or stops the coolant circulation speed.

[0056] The thermoelectric cooler 32 is based on the Peltier effect and realizes cooling or heating by switching the direction of current.

[0057] In actual use, the outer shell 12 is provided with a sealing cover 15, and the sealing cover 15 is provided with a thermal conductive part 16. The thermal conductive part 16 is provided with a plurality of connected plug-in connecting pieces 161 facing the inner side of the outer shell 12, and a thermal conductive groove 162 is provided between each plug-in connecting piece 161; the other side of the thermal conductive part 16 is thermally coupled with the thermoelectric cooler 32.

[0058] A thermal connector 142 is provided at one end of the thermal conductive layer 14 . The thermal connector 142 includes at least two connected thermal conductive sheets 143 . The thermal conductive sheets 143 are disposed in the thermal conductive groove 162 , thereby thermally coupling the thermal conductive layer 14 to the thermoelectric cooler 32 .

[0059] The thermal conductive member 16 and the thermal conductive connector 142 are both made of metal material, graphite material, ceramic-based composite material, boron nitride material or polymer-based thermal conductive insulating material, so that the thermal conductive member 16 and the thermal conductive connector 142 have good thermal conductivity.

[0060] The sealing cover 15 is also provided with an isolation membrane 17, which covers the connection between the warm connector and the plug-in connector 161, as well as the connection between the temperature measurement area 13 and the thermal conductor. This isolates the connection between the warm connector and the plug-in connector 161, as well as the temperature measurement area 13, from the interior of the battery cell 1. Isolation membrane 17 can be made of polypropylene film, polyimide film, or polytetrafluoroethylene film.

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, the protective device 4 of this embodiment is provided with neutralization chambers 43 at the four corners of the housing 12, which effectively utilizes the internal space of the housing 12. A heat conducting frame 44 is provided inside the neutralization chamber 43, and the neutralizer 41 is fixed to the heat conducting frame 44, so that the neutralizer 41 is fixed to the neutralization chamber 43. The heat conducting frame 44 can transfer heat from the neutralizer 41 and the core to the neutralizer 41, so that the protective layer on the surface of the neutralizer 41 melts and the neutralizer 41 is quickly activated to perform the neutralization reaction.

[0062] Neutralizer 41 is a hollow mesoporous silica sphere nanoreactor, which contains a neutralizing powder encapsulated inside. The neutralizing powder neutralizes the harmful substances produced by the decomposition of the electrolyte when the battery cell 1 experiences thermal runaway, thereby delaying the temperature rise of the battery cell 1. The hollow mesoporous silica sphere nanoreactor has a unique mesoporous structure with a large specific surface area, which enables the neutralizing powder encapsulated inside to fully contact and chemically react with the harmful substances, thereby achieving neutralization. Neutralizer 41 can be prepared by a sol-gel chemical synthesis method. The neutralizing powder encapsulated inside can be selected according to the type of harmful substance. For example, for acidic harmful substances such as hydrogen fluoride, an alkaline neutralizing powder of magnesium hydroxide can be selected.

[0063] The exhaust mechanism 42 includes an exhaust chamber 421 disposed at the top of the neutralization chamber 43. The exhaust chamber 421 is provided with a one-way exhaust valve 422 connected to the outside world. The one-way exhaust valve 422 is used to remove the gas generated during the neutralization process, thereby relieving the internal pressure of the battery cell 1. Specifically, gas is generated during the neutralization process, causing the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 to increase. When the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 reaches the opening pressure of the one-way exhaust valve 422, the one-way exhaust valve 422 opens, and the gas is discharged to the outside world through the one-way exhaust valve 422. The timely discharge of the gas generated during neutralization relieves the internal pressure of the battery cell 1, prevents dangers such as explosion caused by excessive pressure, and ensures the safety of the battery cell 1.

[0064] A breathable barrier membrane 423 is disposed within the exhaust cavity 421. A tear line is provided at the connection between the breathable barrier membrane 423 and the inner wall of the exhaust cavity 421. The breathable barrier membrane 423 filters the liquid within the exhaust cavity 421, allowing gas to exit the exhaust cavity 421 through the one-way exhaust valve 422. When the pressure within the exhaust cavity 421 is excessive, the breathable barrier membrane 423 tears along the tear line, reducing the pressure within the exhaust cavity 421. The breathable barrier membrane 423 may be an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, a polyurethane breathable membrane, or a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane.

[0065] In actual use, the neutralization chamber 43 can be made of plastic material, such as polycarbonate (PC), which has good insulation and certain mechanical strength, can effectively protect the internal neutralizer 41 and heat conduction frame 44, and does not affect the normal operation of the battery cell 1.

[0066] The heat conducting frame 44 can be made of aluminum alloy, which has a high thermal conductivity and can quickly conduct heat.

[0067] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, a sealing film 431 is provided on the side of the neutralization chamber 43 facing the battery cell 1 to seal the neutralization chamber 43. The dissolution temperature of the sealing film 431 is the same as the preset temperature. The sealing film 431 can be a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film or a polyethylene oxide (PEO) film.

[0068] Specifically, a sealing film 431 is positioned on the side of the neutralization chamber 43 facing the battery cell 1, and its dissolution temperature is the same as a preset temperature. When the battery cell 1 is operating normally and the temperature is below the preset temperature, the sealing film 431 remains intact, sealing the neutralization chamber 43 and preventing the neutralizing powder in the neutralizer 41 from prematurely coming into contact with the external environment, thereby avoiding unnecessary reactions or powder leakage. If the battery cell 1 experiences thermal runaway and the temperature reaches the preset temperature, the sealing film 431 dissolves, connecting the neutralization chamber 43 with the interior of the battery cell 1. This allows the neutralizing powder to come into contact with harmful substances produced by the decomposition of the electrolyte and undergo a neutralization reaction.

[0069] The neutralization reaction initiation timing is effectively controlled to ensure timely functioning when the battery cell 1 is in thermal runaway, while avoiding interference with the performance of the battery cell 1 when the battery cell 1 is in normal working condition, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the protection device 4.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, the battery cell 1 of this embodiment is further provided with a heat conducting module 18 , which is connected between the current collector 11 and the sealing film 431 and between the current collector 11 and the heat conducting frame 44 ;

[0071] A low melting point alloy layer is provided between the neutralizer 41 and the heat conducting frame 44 , and the triggering temperature of the low melting point alloy layer is set to ±5° C. of the preset temperature of thermal runaway of the battery cell 1 .

[0072] Specifically, thermal conductivity module 18 is connected between current collector 11 and sealing film 431. Heat generated by battery cell 1 during operation is transferred to current collector 11. Thermal conductivity module 18 utilizes its excellent thermal conductivity to quickly transfer heat from current collector 11 to sealing film 431 and heat conduction frame 44. In the event of thermal runaway of battery cell 1, thermal conductivity module 18 assists in heat transfer, facilitating subsequent dissolution of sealing film 431 and initiation of neutralization reactions. Thermal conductivity module 18 can be made of graphite sheet and / or copper foil, effectively conducting heat.

[0073] The low-melting-point alloy layer can be a bismuth-based alloy (a bismuth, tin, and lead alloy with a melting point range of 70°C to 200°C) or an indium-based alloy (an indium-tin alloy with a melting point range of 118°C to 232°C). It is positioned between the neutralizer 41 and the thermal frame 44, with a trigger temperature set to ±5°C above the preset thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell 1. When the temperature of the battery cell 1 reaches the preset temperature, the low-melting-point alloy layer melts, causing the connection between the neutralizer 41 and the thermal frame 44 to change. The melting of the alloy causes the neutralizer 41, originally fixed to the thermal frame 44, to separate from the thermal frame 44. This allows the neutralizer 41 to come into close contact with harmful substances within the battery cell 1 and frees up space for other neutralizers 41 densely arranged on the thermal frame 44, allowing all neutralizers 41 on the thermal frame 44 to neutralize the harmful substances. The contact timing between the neutralizer 41 and the harmful substances is precisely controlled, and the neutralization reaction is promptly initiated when the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell 1 reaches a certain temperature, thereby effectively delaying the temperature rise of the battery cell 1 and reducing the harm caused by the thermal runaway.

[0074] like Figure 3 As shown, the heat conducting module 18 of this embodiment includes a heat conducting sheet 181 and a heat conducting bridge 182 disposed in the housing 12 , the current collector 11 and the heat conducting bridge 182 are both connected to the heat conducting sheet 181 , and the heat conducting bridge 182 is connected to the heat conducting frame 44 ;

[0075] The heat of the current collector 11 is conducted to the sealing film 431 via the heat conducting sheet 181 , and is further conducted to the low melting point alloy layer via the heat conducting sheet 181 , the heat conducting bridge 182 and the heat conducting frame 44 .

[0076] Specifically, the heat of the current collector 11 is conducted to the sealing film 431 via the thermal conductive sheet 181, so that when the battery cell 1 thermally runs away, the sealing film 431 can be triggered to dissolve in time, so that the harmful substances generated by the thermal runaway can smoothly enter the neutralization chamber 43 and react with the neutralizer 41. The heat of the current collector 11 is conducted to the low-melting-point alloy layer via the thermal conductive sheet 181, the thermal bridge 182 and the thermal frame 44, so that the low-melting-point alloy layer melts, and the neutralizer 41 is separated from the thermal frame 44, so that the contact timing between the neutralizer 41 and the harmful substances is precisely controlled.

[0077] The loss function of the LSTM model in this embodiment is:

[0078] ;

[0079]

[0080] in, is the mean square error term,

[0081] Specifically, , used to measure the predicted temperature field and the real temperature field The MSE measures the point-by-point difference of the predicted value. and the true value The average value of the squared error between the two values is used to focus on the prediction accuracy of the overall value to ensure the absolute accuracy of the overall temperature prediction.

[0082] is the gradient penalty term,

[0083] Specifically,

[0084] The gradient penalty term measures the spatial gradient difference between the predicted and true temperature fields, specifically the severity of temperature changes. This term forces the model to learn reasonable temperature distribution patterns, such as avoiding localized sudden changes and ensuring compliance with thermodynamic conduction properties. The combination of the mean squared error term and the gradient penalty term makes the model more realistic in both overall numerical and spatial characteristics, improving its ability to fit and generalize complex data.

[0085] The weight coefficient α controls the weight of absolute temperature accuracy; the weight coefficient β controls the weight of temperature gradient consistency. In practice, α=0.7 and β=0.3 can be used to prioritize overall temperature error while also taking gradient smoothness into account. Different battery types, such as ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate, may require different weight assignments. For high-energy-density batteries (such as solid-state batteries), which are sensitive to gradients, the weight coefficient β needs to be increased. For scenarios with high real-time requirements, such as fast charging, absolute temperature accuracy must be prioritized, and the weight coefficient α needs to be increased. A reasonable weight range allows the model to balance numerical prediction and feature capture during training. This avoids over-focusing the model on a single error term due to excessive weighting, thereby improving the overall model performance and achieving better prediction results in different data distributions and task scenarios.

[0086] On the other hand, a thermal management method is also provided, including the above-mentioned vehicle battery thermal management system, specifically the following steps:

[0087] S1, the sensor array 21 collects the temperature of the battery cell 1 in real time to form temperature data;

[0088] S2, AI chip 22 uses the LSTM model to predict the temperature field in the next 5 minutes based on the temperature, current, voltage and SOC time series data of battery cell 1, and generates optimization instructions for temperature control device 3;

[0089] S3, the temperature control device 3 responds to the instruction and adjusts the temperature of the current collector 11;

[0090] S4. When it is detected that the temperature of the battery cell 1 reaches a preset temperature, it is determined to be thermal runaway, the exhaust mechanism 42 is triggered to release pressure in a directional manner, and the neutralizer 41 is simultaneously activated to neutralize the harmful substances generated by the decomposition of the electrolyte.

[0091] Specifically, the temperature data of the battery cell 1 is obtained in real time through the sensor array 21, which provides a solid foundation for subsequent accurate temperature prediction and formulation of thermal management strategies, and can detect abnormal status of the battery cell 1 in a timely manner.

[0092] The LSTM model excels at processing time series data. The AI chip 22 feeds collected temperature data into the model, which then learns the patterns of temperature over time and its association with parameters such as current, voltage, and SOC in historical data. It then predicts the temperature distribution over the next five minutes and generates optimization instructions for the temperature control device 3 based on this prediction. This predictive approach enables proactive thermal management, and precise instructions effectively guide the operation of the temperature control device 3, ensuring that the battery operates at an optimal temperature and improving battery performance and safety.

[0093] Temperature control device 3 includes heating and cooling elements and a control circuit. Upon receiving a command, the control circuit adjusts the operating state of the heating and cooling elements accordingly. For cooling, the cooling element power is increased, while for heating, the heating element power is increased. This rapidly responds to commands and precisely regulates the temperature of battery cell 1, ensuring the battery remains within its optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving battery charge and discharge efficiency and lifespan.

[0094] A preset temperature serves as the thermal runaway threshold. When the temperature of the battery cell 1 reaches this threshold, thermal runaway is detected, triggering the vent mechanism 42 to release pressure and activating the neutralizer 41. Substances within the neutralizer 41 react chemically with harmful substances produced by decomposition of the electrolyte. Rapid pressure relief during thermal runaway prevents battery explosion, neutralizes harmful substances, reduces environmental pollution, and significantly improves system safety and reliability.

[0095] The above contents are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, according to the concept of the present invention, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. The contents of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for a vehicle battery based on FPC, comprising a battery cell (1), wherein the battery cell (1) is provided with a current collector (11) and a housing (12), wherein the current collector (11) is provided in the housing (12), and wherein: It also includes a flexible circuit board (2), a temperature control device (3), and a protective device (4), wherein the flexible circuit board (2) is electrically connected to the battery cell (1), the temperature control device (3), and the protective device (4); A temperature measuring area (13) is provided on the upper portion of the current collector (11), and a heat conducting layer (14) is provided around the edges of the current collector (11), wherein the heat conducting layer (14) collects heat from the current collector (11) to the temperature measuring area (13); The flexible circuit board (2) is provided with a sensor array (21) and an AI chip (22), wherein the sensor array (21) is used to collect temperature data of the temperature measurement area (13) in real time; the AI chip (22) is used to run an LSTM model, output a temperature field prediction of the battery cell (1) in the next 5 minutes based on the temperature, current, voltage and SOC time series data of the battery cell (1), and generate a control instruction to control the temperature control device (3); The temperature control device (3) is connected to the heat-conducting layer (14) and is used to adjust the temperature of the current collector (11) through the heat-conducting layer (14) in response to a control instruction; The protective device (4) is provided with a neutralizer (41) and an exhaust mechanism (42). When the thermal runaway of the battery cell (1) reaches a preset temperature, the neutralizer (41) neutralizes harmful substances generated by decomposition of the electrolyte, thereby delaying the temperature rise of the battery cell (1). The exhaust mechanism (42) is used to remove gas generated during the neutralization process. The protective device (4) is provided with neutralization chambers (43) at the four corners of the housing (12), a heat-conducting frame (44) is provided inside the neutralization chamber (43), and the neutralizer (41) is fixed to the heat-conducting frame (44); the neutralizer (41) is a hollow mesoporous silica sphere nanoreactor, and neutralization powder is encapsulated inside the hollow mesoporous silica sphere nanoreactor, and the neutralization powder is magnesium hydroxide; A sealing film (431) for sealing the neutralization chamber (43) is provided on a side of the neutralization chamber (43) facing the battery core (1), and the dissolution temperature of the sealing film (431) is the same as the preset temperature; A low melting point alloy layer is provided between the neutralizer (41) and the heat conducting frame (44), and a trigger temperature of the low melting point alloy layer is set to ±5° C. of a preset thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell (1).

2. The FPC-based vehicle battery thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-conducting layer (14) is further provided with a heat-conducting belt (141) connecting the upper side and the lower side of the current collector (11).

3. The FPC-based vehicle battery thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor array (21) comprises a thin film thermocouple (211) and a pressure sensor (212), and the pressure sensor (212) and the thin film thermocouple (211) are both arranged in the temperature measurement area (13).

4. The FPC-based vehicle battery thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control device (3) comprises a micro liquid cooling channel (31) and a thermoelectric cooler (32), wherein the micro liquid cooling channel (31) is thermally coupled to one side of the thermoelectric cooler (32) via boron nitride-filled silicone rubber; and the other side of the thermoelectric cooler (32) is thermally coupled to the heat conducting layer (14) via boron nitride-filled silicone rubber.

5. The FPC-based vehicle battery thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The neutralizing powder neutralizes harmful substances produced by decomposition of the electrolyte when the battery cell (1) experiences thermal runaway, thereby delaying the temperature rise of the battery cell (1); The exhaust mechanism (42) comprises an exhaust cavity (421) arranged at the top of the neutralization chamber (43); the exhaust cavity (421) is provided with a one-way exhaust valve (422) connected to the outside world; gas generated during the neutralization process is exhausted through the one-way exhaust valve (422), thereby relieving the internal pressure of the battery cell (1).

6. The FPC-based vehicle battery thermal management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The battery core (1) is further provided with a heat conduction module (18), and the heat conduction module (18) is connected between the current collector (11) and the sealing film (431).

7. The FPC-based vehicle battery thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat conduction module (18) comprises a heat conduction sheet (181) and a heat conduction bridge (182) arranged in the housing (12); the current collector (11) and the heat conduction bridge (182) are both connected to the heat conduction sheet (181); and the heat conduction bridge (182) is connected to the heat conduction frame (44); The heat of the current collector (11) is conducted to the sealing film (431) via the heat conducting sheet (181), and is further conducted to the low melting point alloy layer via the heat conducting sheet (181), the heat conducting bridge (182) and the heat conducting frame (44).

8. A thermal management method, characterized in that: The vehicle battery thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following specific steps: S1, the sensor array (21) collects the temperature of the battery cell (1) in real time to form temperature data; S2, the AI chip (22) predicts the temperature field in the next 5 minutes based on the temperature, current, voltage and SOC time series data of the battery cell (1) through the LSTM model, and generates an optimization instruction for the temperature control device (3); S3, the temperature control device (3) responds to the instruction and adjusts the temperature of the current collector (11); S4. When it is detected that the temperature of the battery cell (1) reaches a preset temperature, it is determined to be thermal runaway, the exhaust mechanism (42) is triggered to release pressure in a directional manner, and the neutralizer (41) is simultaneously activated to neutralize the harmful substances generated by the decomposition of the electrolyte.

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